Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chinese family life'

This written thesis examines the process of producing Herb and Life: a Chinese Medical Family, a thirty-minute documentary video that explores the producer's family members' relationship with Traditional Chinese Medicine. This documentary uses interviews, narration, music, and observational sequences to display documentary subjects' career choices and their experiences with Traditional Chinese Medicine. This written thesis reveals the development of this documentary, from the pre-production to production and post-production stages. It also incorporates theoretical analysis and self-evaluation of this documentary video.

Background: Cancer is a family disease affecting the patient and family members. To date, few studies have explored the psychological distress of family caregivers and its relation with patient quality of life (QOL), particularly among culturally diverse cancer populations. This study seeks to understand the associations between patient distress, family caregiver distress and patient QOL in a Chinese-speaking population in British Columbia, Canada. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Chinese-speaking (study population) and Anglophone (comparison group) patients (N = 55) and their family caregivers (N = 40) was used to examine patient QOL and correlates. Multiple imputation of missing data for incomplete dyads resulted in data for 29 Chinese-speaking and 28 Anglophone dyads. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses examined predictors of QOL, and its domains, and mediation effects of patient distress and family caregiver distress. Semi-structured interviews with a subset of the Chinese-speaking survey participants comprising ten patients and six family caregivers, including five patient-family caregiver dyads, were also conducted. Analysis of culturally-embedded experiences of patients and family caregivers regarding their distress and QOL was conducted, to provide further context and explanation for the findings from the quantitative analysis. Results: Patient distress emerged as the key factor in explaining patient QOL. The effects of patient age on patient emotional well-being were mediated by patient distress, such that lower distress in older patients explained better emotional functioning. A key theme that surfaced from the qualitative data analysis was the emotional regulation occurring in the family when coping with cancer. The negative impact of family caregiver distress on patient emotional well-being was acknowledged by both the patients and the family caregivers. Younger and older patient interviewees alike indicated anxiety and worries about the impact of their cancer diagnosis on their families. Conclusions: This study provides insights to Chinese-speaking patients’ and family caregivers’ illness experience and the interrelatedness of the dyads’ responses to cancer. In expanding our knowledge of cross-cultural cancer care, these findings highlight the important role of cultural background in shaping service needs and, in turn, service delivery to cancer patients and their families.
Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate

This study explores the changing nature of filial piety in contemporary society in rural China. With the economic, social and political upheavals that followed the Revolution, can 'great peace under heaven' still be found for the rural Chinese family as in the traditional Confucian proverb,"make yourself useful, look after your family, look after your country, and all is peaceful under heaven"? This study explores this question, in terms not so much of financial prosperity, but of non-tangible cultural values of filial piety, changing familial and gender roles, and economic migration. In particular, it examines how macro level changes in economic, social and demographic policies have affected family life in rural China. The primary policies examined were collectivisation, the hukou registration system, marketization, and the One-Child policy. Ethnographic interviews reveal how migration has affected rural family structures beyond the usual quantifiable economic measures. Using the village of Meijia, Sichuan province, as a paradigmatic sample of family, where members have moved to work in the cities, leaving their children behind with the grandparents, the study demonstrates how migration and modernization are reshaping familial roles, changing filial expectations, reshuffling notions of care-taking, and transforming traditional views on the value of daughters and daughters-in-law. The study concludes that the choices families make around migration, child-rearing and elder-care cannot be fully explained by either an income diversification model or a survival model, but rather through notions of filial piety. Yet the concept of filial piety itself is changing, particularly in relation to gender and perceptions about the worth of daughters and the mother/ daughter-in-law relationship. Understanding these new family dynamics will be important for both policy planners and economic analysts.

My thesis is a creative writing doctorate which focuses on one Chinese family's adaptation to living in Australia in the mid-twentieth century. The thesis is in two parts. Part I is an examination of Chineseness and identity within the context of the short stories that make up Part I1 of the thesis. In Part I, I have looked at the place of the Chinese within the larger, dominant cultures of America and Australia. In particular, I have discussed the way in which the discourses of the dominant culture have framed Chineseness; and also what it might mean to describe authentic and essential qualities in Chineseness. The question I ask is whether the concept of Chineseness shifts according to time, location, history, and intercultural encounters. This leads me to try to "place" my family and myself. I provide some background on my family and on specific incidents that have served as springboards for the fiction. Part I also discusses some aspects of narrative theory in relation to the stories and considers the stories within the context of other Chinese- Australian fiction and performance. Ln Part 11, I have written a collection of nine short stories about the lives of a fictitious family called the Tangs. The stories can be described as a cycle that is unified and linked by characters who are protagonists in one story but appear in a minor or supporting role in other stories. Composing a linked cycle of stories has given me the opportunity to extend the short story form, especially by giving me scope to expand the lives of the characters beyond a single story. The lives of the characters can take on greater complexity since they confront challenges at different stages of their lives from different perspectives.

Little research to date has focused on personal accounts of psychological aspects of the aging process of elders and their relationship with adult-children in an urban Chinese setting. The present study aimed to explore such aspects in Chinese elders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 varied samples of elders (aged 70 to 87), with those living with their family (study 1), those in a residential setting (study 2) and those in a sheltered community (study 3). Grounded Theory, was used as the method for data collection and analysis, and in addition to the interviews, focus groups and a written account also provided data. The overarching theme of “family communication” was highlighted in the studies, reflecting the central position of participants’ concerns with their relationship with adult-children, and their understanding of their roles in the family. The variety of responses seemed to be connected with whether the person was self-reliant or dependant as well as with individual personality. The study’s findings suggest that this small sample of older people in a large urban city in China generally live closely with their families and take great pride in retaining their independence and supporting families and friends.

Researchers have taken the adult attachment instruments established in the western countries into other cultural settings. Taiwan is one of the many countries to which cross-cultural adult attachment research has been extended to, and where translated attachment survey instruments were applied. The problem with these translated measurements in Taiwan, however, is that the commonly-used instruments were not peer-reviewed, and often no reliability tests were even done, and the cultural appropriateness of these translated measurements was not evaluated. The usage and results of these instruments may therefore be questionable. The purpose of this current study is to present a Mandarin Chinese version of the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ) that was translated following common protocols, administered to 320 native Taiwanese participants, and evaluated for measurement invariance. Various statistical analyses (including reliability test, confirmatory factor analysis, , and measurement invariance test) were conducted, and results from the Taiwanese college students who responded to the Chinese AAQ were compared with the results of the same instrument written and administered in its original English format and delivered to 330 participants in the United States. CFA revealed that a revision of the original AAQ was necessary. Measurement invariance test further indicated that while configural invariance was established, the findings on metric invariance were mixed, and the scalar invariance was partially established. These findings suggested a potential lack of equivalence between the Chinese and English adult attachment measurement. Specifically, some items of the scales were less invariant than others, indicating specific possible cultural differences between the two ethnic groups.

La metáfora de las partes y el todo sirve para ilustrar los diferentes niveles y capas de esta investigación. El ‘todo’ del título hace referencia al cuidado y a su circulación en familias transnacionales Qingtianesas, divididas – mayormente – entre Qingtian (China) y España. Dicha circulación se da dentro y a través de las diferentes fronteras, siendo la dimensión transnacional clave. La ‘parte’ alude al lugar de los hijos/as de estas familias en dicha circulación, pero también al lugar del cuidado en las trayectorias de éstos. Además, la exploración del cuidado – como hecho social total (Durkheim, 1982) – torna una excusa para describir las dinámicas sociales más amplias que articulan el espacio transnacional entre Qingtian y España. Esta tesis está estructurada en tres partes. El marco teórico incluye una revisión crítica a la investigación sobre los cuidados, la familia transnacional y la idea de infancia; y dos capítulos complementarios a modo de contextualización: una aproximación a la familia china como institución y una introducción a la historia y características de la migración china en España. La segunda parte está centrada en el diseño de la investigación y la práctica. Los datos cualitativos han sido recolectados mediante una etnografía multi-situada llevada a cabo entre España y China, durante 6 y 13 meses respectivamente. Además, el trabajo de campo se articula como un proceso continuo, a través de la participación en plataformas virtuales como la aplicación de WeChat. La parte final incluye dos capítulos basados en los datos etnográficos. Usando el marco de la circulación del cuidado (Baldassar y Merla, 2014), el primero de ellos presenta una visión general sobre cómo el cuidado, desde una perspectiva multidimensional y multigeneracional – incluyendo hasta cuatro generaciones– circula en estas familias. Sobre esta base se asienta el segundo capítulo etnográfico, que explora las trayectorias vitales de la generación menor: desde sus primeros años hasta su condición actual de adolescentes y jóvenes adultos, combinando los testimonios en retrospectiva y tiempo presente con sus expectaciones futuras sobre el cuidado y la familia. En conjunto, esta tesis ofrece una perspectiva novedosa e integrada del estudio de las familias transnacionales y las trayectorias de los hijos/as de los inmigrantes, en la cual el cuidado es el hilo conductor. En esta investigación, clase social, género y lugar de socialización emergen como categorías clave para comprender muchos de los fenómenos analizados y su articulación en el espacio social transnacional. Además, los datos recogidos apuntan a la necesidad de superar la perspectiva adultocéntrica que domina la investigación sobre migración, dando voz y visibilidad a otros actores y de situar las prácticas y significados en contexto. Primero, la información etnográfica cuestiona los modelos hegemónicos de familia, infancia y cuidado y la supuesta disfuncionalidad de modelos alternativos. Segundo, desafía las asunciones – basadas en estereotipos en torno a la edad, concepciones etnocéntricas y la prevalencia de modelos de corte económico en los estudios sobre migración – acerca de la dirección de los flujos de cuidado en familias transnacionales. Tercero, revela un rol activo de los menores así como de la generación de los abuelos/as, desafiando el estereotipo de ambas generaciones como pasivas y dependientes, y abogando por el reconocimiento de sus valiosas contribuciones a familias y sociedades. Finalmente, cuestiona la asunción de que los descendientes de emigrantes tienden a disminuir el grado de interacción transnacional y los lazos con el país de origen de sus familias, sugiriendo que la movilidad social y la generalización y abaratamiento de los modos de transporte y comunicación promueve una mayor interacción y genera nuevas dinámicas en el espacio social transnacional.
The metaphor of the whole and its parts serves to illustrate the various levels and layers of this research. The ‘whole’ of the title refers to care and its circulation in Qingtianese transnational families, that are split mainly – but not only – between China and Spain. Such circulation takes place within each country and across borders, the transnational dimension being key. The ‘part’ refers to the place of Qingtianese transnational families’ children within this circulation; but it also alludes to the place of care within these children's life paths. Moreover, in this research, the exploration of care – as a social fact (Durkheim, 1982)– becomes a means by which to describe the broader social dynamics articulating the Qingtian-Spain transnational space. This thesis is structured in three parts. The first part includes the theoretical framework, which takes a critical approach to the research on care, transnational families and childhood, and two additional chapters which serve to contextualise the research: an overview of the Chinese family as an institution, and an exploration of the history and main features of Chinese migration to Spain. The second part offers an insight into the research design and practice. The qualitative data was collected through a multi-sited ethnography carried out between Spain and China, lasting 6 and 13 months, respectively. In fact, the fieldwork was a continuous process, connected through ongoing participation in virtual platforms, such as the WeChat app. The final part includes two chapters that are driven by the ethnographic data. Drawing on Baldassar and Merlas’ care circulation framework (2014), the first of these provides an overview of how care circulates, from a multi-dimensional and multi-generational perspective – including four-generations families – in Qingtianese transnational families. This provides the foundation for the second ethnographic chapter, which reviews the paths these families’ children have taken through their lives so far: from their early years to their current position as adolescents and young-adults, combining their retrospective and present-day accounts with their expectations about care and family in the future. Taken as a whole, this thesis takes an alternative and novel approach to integrated research on transnational families and children’s life paths, in which care is the unifying thread. In the Qingtian-Spain transnational social space, social class, gender and the place of socialisation, have shown themselves to be essential categories for understanding most of the phenomena addressed. Moreover, field data posits the need of moving beyond the adult-centred perspective that dominates migration research to give a voice and visibility to other actors, and to situate practices and meanings in context. Firstly, it has served to question hegemonic models of family, childhood and care which sanctions alternative models as dysfunctional. Secondly, it has challenged prejudiced assumptions – based on the ageist stereotypes, ethnocentric conceptions and financially-focused models prevalent in migration research – regarding the direction of flows of care in transnational families. Thirdly, it has revealed the active care role of minor children and the grandparents’ generation, challenging the stereotype of both as being passive and dependent, and calling for the recognition of their contributions to families and societies. And finally, it questions the assumption that the descendants of migrants engage in a decreasing degree of transnational interaction and ties with the family’s origin country, suggesting that families’ social mobility and the ongoing development and affordability of transportation and communication technologies promote an increasing transnational interaction and new dynamics in the social transnational space.

Work and family are the central and salient domains in one’s life. Juggling work and family life has become a challenge for many employees and families (Hammer et al., 2005). This study proposed a theoretical model in which work to family enrichment functioned as the mediator between work support (support from supervisor, co-workers and organization) and work well-being (job satisfaction and psychological health), and also examined whether work demand buffered the impact of work support on work well-being. The inclusion of work to family enrichment extends prior research on Job Demands – Resources model (Demerouti & Bakker, 2007), and allows for a more detailed assessment of the effects of work support on work well-being from a perspective of positive organizational behavior. A total of 978 employees in Chinese society were recruited. An exploratory factor analyses and a confirmatory factor analyses supported a 10-item Work Support Scale measuring supervisor support, co-worker support and organization support. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Sobel Test results showed that work to family enrichment partially mediated the influence of work support on job satisfaction and full mediated the influence of work support on psychological health, whereas the regression results showed that work demand indeed buffered the positive relationship between work support and job satisfaction. Implications for future research on work-family enrichment were discussed.

Evidence suggests that certain genotypic variants associated with novelty-seeking and aggressiveness, such as the 7-repeat dopamine D4 receptor variant (DRD4-7R), short (s) allele of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and the low-activity variant of the MAOa promoter (MAOa-L), are more prevalent in human groups that radiated out of Africa than human groups that remained in Africa. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), like humans, are a widespread species of primates that needed to adapt to different regional environments with one group, Indian-derived rhesus macaques, largely occupying predictable and resource-rich environments, while the other group, the Chinese-derived rhesus macaques, has come to occupy less predictable and resource-abundant environments. Rhesus macaques possess orthologues of these trait-related genes, making it possible to compare the frequency of genotypes associated with these traits between members of two strains. DNA was obtained from N=212 rhesus macaques (n=54 Chinese-derived, n=158 Indian-derived) and genotyped for DRD4 (n=98), 5-HTT (n=190), and MAOA (n=97). Analyses showed that Chinese-derived subjects exhibited higher frequencies of the DRD4-7R and 5-HTT-s-allele when compared to Indian-derived subjects. There were no strain differences in MAOA-L genotype groupings, but the Chinese-derived subjects exhibited a more frequent high-activity (MAOA-H-6R) allele when compared to the Indian-derived subjects. The results suggest that the Chinese-derived rhesus macaques possess a higher frequency of alleles associated with novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and aggressiveness compared to their Indian-derived peers and that those genotypically-mediated traits may have beneficial to both humans and rhesus macaques as they spread into novel and unfamiliar environments.

In recent years, a growing body of research has examined the issue of work–life balance (WLB). WLB initiatives have been developed by organisations, not only to aid employees in leading healthier and more satisfying lives, but to attract and retain talent. One area where WLB issues have not been examined in detail is from the perspective of Chinese immigrant women. As one of the largest and growing Asian ethnic groups, the WLB issues faced by Chinese women are especially worthy of being examined and addressed. The primary purpose of this research was to explore the WLB experience of Chinese women in administrative roles at Auckland University of Technology (AUT). It also aims to contribute to the body of knowledge on WLB issues for minority ethnic groups and investigated Chinese women’s coping strategies for integrating work with their non-work roles. An exploratory qualitative case study approach was adopted for this study in order to compare and contrast organisational initiatives and policies for WLB with women’s experiences. A triangulated research design was also employed to glean qualitative data by virtue of multiple methods including archival evidence such as publicly available documentation, secondary research on WLB and AUT’s WLB policies, and semi-structured interviews. This study involved 12 Chinese female administrative staff and three staff members from the Human Resource Department (HRD), the Asian Staff Network (ASN) and the AUT Branch of Tertiary Institutes Allied Staff Association (TIASA). Participants were recruited by utilising sources such as the Asian Staff Network (ASN) and the researcher’s network of contacts within AUT. The findings of the study indicated that Chinese women’s WLB experience and ways of handling work–family conflict (WFC) and family–work conflict (FWC) were affected by their experiences of immigration and cultural backgrounds. In particular, their family situation had a critical influence on the way they organised their households and arranged for childcare or eldercare. Child/elder care responsibilities, personal/family emergencies, and personal/individual sacrifice engendered tensions around their ability to integrate WLB. In addition, work factors such as heavy workloads, meeting deadlines, and working longer hours, and cultural barriers caused emotional stress and physical consequences. While informal support from managers and colleagues and the WLB policies offered by the university helped women address their WLB issues, some policies were underutilised. A variety of coping strategies such as family members, win-lose strategies, time management, building clear boundaries, changing mindsets, and demonstrating commitment were actively adopted by Chinese women as mechanisms to cope with tensions between their work and family lives. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of the theory and practice of WLB.

The present study examined how acculturation, mental health problems, and parenting stress are associated with two dimensions of father involvement longitudinally for Latino and Chinese immigrant fathers using a nationally representative sample of young children and their resident fathers from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). After controlling for a variety of individual and demographic characteristics and previous levels of father involvement, results from multiple group structural equation modeling revealed that immigrant fathers' English proficiency is negatively associated with care-taking involvement at 2 years, but positively associated with care-taking involvement at 4 years. Interestingly, mothers' English proficiency is also positively associated with fathers' care-taking involvement at 2 years. In addition, fathers' US citizenship is positively associated with care-taking involvement at 2 years. Finally, mothers' US citizenship is negatively associated with fathers' literacy or language involvement at 2 years. In contrast with the hypotheses, no significant differences between Latino and Chinese immigrant fathers were found. Findings suggest that some dimensions of acculturation affect different dimensions of father involvement across different groups of immigrants, and the impacts may remain significant even four years after the child birth.

碩士
國防大學管理學院
資源管理及決策研究所
97
Regarding the development of leadership theory, long-term values of Western sociery are background for the study. The value is differert from the Western leadership theory, but based on the values of Chinese culture as the starting point of chinese leadership behavior. The Chineses leadership there are three important leadership structure (the role of monarch, the role of parent, the role of mentor) for the independent variables, work family conflict(work-family conflict, family-work conflict) as the dependent variable, thereby affecting the quality of life (family life quality and work life quality) of the relevance of research. There were 325 copies of questionnaire sent to the military officers and 246 samples were collected. The 222 valid samples were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that: the role of parent and mentor will negative influence family-work conflict. The family-work conflict will negative influence quality of family life and quality of work life.

碩士
銘傳大學
財務金融學系碩士班
102
Due to the aging of the situation increasingly serious, many studies have pointed out that retirement consumption showed a upward or downward trend, but it is inconsistent with the "Life-Cycle Hypothesis," which finds the "Consumption Smoothing ", so this study use "China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey" questionnaire data to explore the consumption situation after retirement and it is consistent or inconsistent life-cycle hypothesis, at the same time, to explore the factors that influence retirement consumption. Empirical results indicate that (1) the total annual consumption after retirement may be higher or lower than the total annual consumption before retirement；(2) Impact of changes in the retirement consumption reasons, except the reasons of age and physical condition after retirement are showing decline in consumption, others such as whether to participate in health insurance, apply for retirement by your spouse, retire or not. Are there deposits, government bonds, stocks and other factors？These will have a significant impact on the increase in consumption.

Conflict between American-born Chinese and their immigrant parents bears a unique configuration in terms of the interaction between the bicultural Chinese Americans and their immigrant parents. This study examined the communication patterns and conflicts in seven Chinese American families by eliciting accounts from the younger generation in an interview. The results suggest that there are incommensurate cultural logics between the parents and the children, whose socialization is embedded in disparate cultural traditions. However, the Chinese American informants did not perceive their conflicts with their parents as incommensurate. Rather, they treated conflicts as though they were incompatible or incomparable. The study also challenges the common advice to compromise given to Chinese Americans who find themselves struggling between Chinese and North American cultures within which they are simultaneously enmeshed. It is concluded that suggestions such as achieving the balance between two cultural traditions or compromising are imaginary in light of the concrete actions performed by these bicultural individuals. The notion of compromise for these Chinese Americans can be understood as reconstitution of one cultural tradition, or transformation of the extant cultural practices.

碩士
國立成功大學
歷史學系
102
This thesis discusses in two parts. First of all, I concentrate on Mrs. Yap, who was playing her role as a mother, wife, daughter and herself from a Chinese family in Malaysia. Through the analyses of the oral heritage which have been provided by Mrs. Yap’s children, including Mrs. Yap birth giving experiences, livelihood and the inheritance process, we able to understand the inter- relationship between people and society, also the various capabilities of the people. Secondly, this thesis has discussed about the relevance between the past and present through the elaboration of the narrative process and re-writing the past. By then, it able affects the attitude and practices for us to move forward in the future. Besides that, it also makes us realize that, history or historiography has been appeared as various pattern of historical writing in our daily life.

This exploratory study looks at Chinese-Caucasian interracially married parents' experience of raising their children. The goal is to characterize these parents' stances toward their children's ethnic identity. A semi-structured, clinical interview was developed for the study in order to gather information about the respondent's family and individual histories, as well as their childrearing practices and beliefs. The sample consisted of 29 interracially married parents who had at least one child older than nine years old. Eight intraracially married Chinese parents were also interviewed for comparison purposes. The interview data was subjected to a content analysis which generated the following six-dimensional conceptual framework of ethnic identity: (1) Group Identification; (2)Ethnic Continuity; (3) Physical Characteristics; (4) Objective Culture; (5) Subjective Culture; (6) Sociopolitical Consciousness. It was found that parents did not feel that their children's ethnic identity was the focus of a great deal of concern. Parents also emphasized that it had rarely been a source of psychological or social difficulty for their children. The ethnic identity of the Chinese parent was stressed far more than the ethnic identity of the Caucasian parent. Surprisingly, parents expressed very little concern about their children's racial marginality or the issue of racial continuity. On a conscious level, parents were more strongly committed to "group identification" and "objective culture." In actual practice, however, their commitment in these areas carried a great deal of ambivalence. On an unconscious level, parents were most likely to pass down "subjective culture." This was the one area of regular cultural conflict in these families, particularly around expectations about family roles. These parents' greatest concern revolved around their children losing their Chinese culture. However, parents were generally unsuccessful when they tried to actively guide their children in an ethnic direction. Parents stressed that their children's most durable ethnic commitments developed largely independently of their own efforts to influence, emphasizing that their own personal ethnic involvements (modelling) seemed to have the most impact. The study concludes by offering some integrative comments about the nature of ethnic identity and the forces that propel it across generations. An important area of future research would be to talk with these parents' biracial children about their ethnic identities.

This study was conducted in a Chinese community located in an academic community in the United States. Ethnographic data were collected from the Chinese community in general and subsequently a close study of ten families who had school aged children was conducted. As international graduate students or visiting scholars, the parents in the families had affiliations with institutions of higher education and lived in the United States temporarily. The purpose of this study was to document, analyze, and find the meanings of the Chinese families' home literacy practices, as well as their strengths and difficulties. Theories of literacy as social and cultural practices led to the study's focus on the social and cultural backgrounds of the parents and their use of home literacy as cultural practices for achieving social goals. This study addressed the following research questions: (1) What are the home literacy practices of a group of Chinese families living in a community in the American society; (2) What are the Chinese parents' perspectives about literacy, schooling, their roles in their children's literacy development, and how have these factors influenced the families' home literacy practices; (3) How have families experienced literacy learning in the American schools, and how have these experiences influenced the families' home literacy practices. This study was ethnographic in methodology. Data were obtained through interviews and participant observation. Analysis of the data showed that the parents, who grew up in Chinese society, formed their views of literacy in that particular sociocultural environment. Those views guided them in home literacy practices. These practices served as a process of cultural transmission. Through home literacy practices, the parents helped their children construct and maintain identity with Chinese culture, traditional social relations, and the values of literacy learning. Home literacy practices also helped the families make adaptations when they came to the United States. When the families came to this country, the host culture posed as challenges to the families' lives. The children's schools served especially as the representative of the new culture to the families. The school culture made a strong impact on the families' home literacy practices. Soon the parents found that what counted as literacy in this new sociocultural environment was different from their previous experiences. They used home literacy practices to help cope with the difficulties they faced. These practices enabled them and their children to negotiate between the Chinese and the American cultures, to help the children function in American schools, and to prepare them return to home country.

The purpose of the study was to explore parents' socialization goals and to describe the patterns of caregiver-child social interaction for the sample of 6 Chinese American toddlers, whose parents immigrated to this country recently. The theoretical framework for the study was Vygotsky's sociocultural approach which assumes that children's thinking derives from human social relations and is embedded in the sociocultural context. The study used a qualitative method of data collection and analysis. Data collection included a demographic questionnaire, two focused interviews and videotaped observations of caregiver-child interactions in everyday activities and joint play. The analysis focused on how caregivers guided and facilitated children's learning and adaptation to life in a North American setting. Parental goals were identified and five themes immerged from the interview data: a focus on learning; an emphasis on developing a loving relationship with the child; an emphasis on bringing up a moral child; an emphasis on guided independence and on adopting the values of the host culture while maintaining the values of their own cultural heritage. Links between the patterns of parent-child interaction and the parental goals were explored. The parents' conscious, creative synthesis of cultural values and practice were discussed. Implication for teachers and clinicians were suggested.

The purpose of this dissertation was to examine nuptial patterns among Chinese and Japanese American women. Specifically, this study compared the prevalence of and reasons for differential rates of marriage and timing of first marriage among non-Latino white, Chinese and Japanese American women. Using 1980 PUMS census data, the marriage patterns of the three racial-ethnic groups are examined. Comparisons are also made between the native born and foreign born in each racial-ethnic group. Native born Asian American women are found to have higher rates of non-marriage than their foreign born counterparts or native white women. An accelerated time model also is utilized to estimate the net effects of birth cohort, education, English proficiency, and mixed ancestry on the waiting time to first marriage for each racial-ethnic group. As expected, education significantly increases the time to first marriage among the racial-ethnic groups of women. The final section of the dissertation compares the household and socioeconomic characteristics of the never and ever married respondents. Never married women are found to have higher educations, incomes, and occupational statuses than ever married women. Native Asian American women are more frequently employed than native white women, regardless of marital status.

精神分裂症（簡稱精分）是一種常見且嚴重的精神疾病，它對患者及其家人的生活有著毀滅性的影響。在西方國家，研究者已經對精分患者子女的經歷研究了許多年，得出的結論在政府以及社會工作者幫助這些家庭時起到重要的參考作用。然而，在中國這個問題被忽視了，目前針對這個群體的、學術規範的研究還沒有在中國大陸展開。鑒於中西巨大的社會和文化差異，我們不可以照搬西方學者的研究成果。為了填補這方面的知識空缺，我們在上海展開了對精神分裂症患者子女經歷的質化研究。
本文的資料來自八個家庭的成員對於相關經驗的敘述。我們從三個層面來探究這些青少年的特殊經歷，包括他們對家長的經歷、他們從患病與健康家長處感受到的養育模式、以及他們所經歷的擴展家庭和社會的支持。
我們的研究發現包括：1）青少年對家長疾病的適應經歷了三個階段：漠然、焦慮、消極應對。2）患病家長大多對孩子溫暖有餘、管教不足。健康家長對孩子的管教很大程度上取決於家庭經濟情況。當經濟情況惡劣時他們往往忽視孩子的成長需求3）支援系統作用缺失。
基於以上發現，本文提煉出三個主題：在惡劣成長環境中掙扎、消極應對、缺乏支持。我們提倡為這些家庭提供社會服務。
Schizophrenia is a serious and common mental illness which has devastating effects on those affected by schizophrenia, as well as family members including their offspring. In western countries, the topic about the experience of offspring living with a parent diagnosed with schizophrenia has been studied for many years. The outcomes are useful references to the government and social workers in helping these families. However, this topic has been neglected in the Chinese context. A well-designed qualitative study has never been carried out in mainland China. The result from western researcher cannot be used in China due to the vast differences in society and culture. To fill in the gap, a qualitative research was carried out in Shanghai to study children’s experience of parental schizophrenia.
This paper is based on the narratives elicited from eight families, including the parents diagnosed with schizophrenia, the adolescent children, and sometimes other family members. We studied the experience of this special group of adolescents, which contains the experience of their parent’s mental illness, the parenting from both the parent diagnosed with schizophrenia and the healthy parent, as well as the support from extended family and the society.
Our findings include: 1) Adolescents’ attitude towards parental schizophrenia can be divided into three phases: indifference, anxiety, and finally passive coping. The help they can provide for their parents with schizophrenia is very limited in most cases. 2) The parenting they received from the parents with schizophrenia is generally perceived as with high level of warmth and low level of demandingness. The healthy parents may or may not provide enough discipline to the adolescents depending on the families’ economic status. They would fail to focus on the need of the growing children when the economic pressure is high. 3) The supportive network failed to provide enough help to the growing adolescents.
Three themes are proposed based on the findings, namely struggling in poor growing environment, passive coping, and helplessness. We advocate for the development of social work services for these families.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Du, Juan.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 264-302).
Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- : Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Rationale of the study --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research background --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Schizophrenia in China --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Social stigma and discourse on mental illness --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Great challenges for a family with a member with schizophrenia --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Limited mental health service available to these families --- p.11
Chapter 1.2.5 --- Cultural influences in Chinese society --- p.14
Chapter 1.3 --- Research objectives and research questions --- p.18
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Research questions --- p.18
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Research objectives --- p.19
Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of the research --- p.20
Chapter Chapter 2 --- : Literature Review --- p.21
Chapter 2.1 --- Schizophrenia --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Different perspectives on schizophrenia --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Treatment and Recovery of schizophrenia --- p.33
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Schizophrenia’s influence on social functioning --- p.37
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Schizophrenia’s influence on parenting --- p.39
Chapter 2.2 --- Developing adolescents --- p.46
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Different perspectives on adolescents --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Offspring with parental psychiatric disorder --- p.53
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Supportive network of adolescents --- p.60
Chapter 2.3 --- The roles of social work in mental health facilities --- p.61
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Condition of mental health social work in Shanghai --- p.62
Chapter 2.3.2 --- The roles of social workers in other areas --- p.63
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Social workers serving families with parental schizophrenia --- p.69
Chapter 2.4 --- Knowledge gap in existed literature --- p.70
Chapter Chapter 3 --- : Research Methodology --- p.72
Chapter 3.1 --- Paradigmatic Considerations --- p.72
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Social constructionism --- p.74
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Proposed Theoretical Framework --- p.77
Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design --- p.79
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Research Site --- p.80
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Sampling --- p.81
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Data collection --- p.86
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Data analysis --- p.89
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Ethical issues and trustworthiness --- p.91
Chapter 3.3 --- Strengths and Limitations of this Study --- p.96
Chapter Chapter 4 --- : Background Information of the Research Participants --- p.98
Chapter 4.1 --- General Information --- p.98
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Personal information of adolescents --- p.99
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Personal Information of parent diagnosed with schizophrenia --- p.101
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Background Information of participant families --- p.105
Chapter 4.2 --- Family stories --- p.111
Chapter 4.3 --- Conditions of the parent with schizophrenia --- p.126
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Competent youths in the past --- p.126
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Experience of schizophrenia --- p.127
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Self-blaming for offspring’s current situation --- p.139
Chapter 4.4 --- The adolescents --- p.141
Chapter 4.4.1 --- School Achievement --- p.141
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Peers --- p.146
Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.150
Chapter Chapter 5 --- : Experience of parental schizophrenia --- p.152
Chapter 5.1 --- Discovery of parental schizophrenia --- p.152
Chapter 5.2 --- Experience relevant to parental schizophrenia --- p.155
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Symptoms --- p.155
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Deterioration of parent’s daily functioning --- p.157
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Parents’ hospitalization --- p.161
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Social stigma attached to schizophrenia --- p.166
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Parent’s concealment of schizophrenia --- p.168
Chapter 5.3 --- Knowledge of schizophrenia --- p.170
Chapter 5.4 --- Reaction after knowing parental schizophrenia --- p.174
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Indifference --- p.174
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Concern and curiosity --- p.175
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Passive attitude --- p.179
Chapter 5.5 --- Coping with parental schizophrenia --- p.182
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Support and help from the children to the parents with schizophrenia --- p.182
Chapter 5.5.2 --- Selective concealment of parental schizophrenia --- p.185
Chapter Chapter 6 --- : Experience of parenting from the parent with schizophrenia --- p.189
Chapter 6.1 --- Less parental demandingness from the parent with schizophrenia --- p.189
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Less discipline --- p.190
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Low pressure on study --- p.191
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Low expectation for future career --- p.192
Chapter 6.2 --- More parental warmth from the parent with schizophrenia --- p.195
Chapter Chapter 7 --- : Supporting Network --- p.197
Chapter 7.1 --- Interaction between adolescent children with healthy parents --- p.197
Chapter 7.1.1 --- The condition of the healthy parents --- p.198
Chapter 7.1.2 --- The parenting style of the healthy parents --- p.203
Chapter 7.2 --- Support from extended family --- p.207
Chapter 7.3 --- Support from the society --- p.214
Chapter 7.3.1 --- Teaching VS. Support --- p.214
Chapter 7.3.2 --- Little support from school --- p.216
Chapter Chapter 8 --- : Discussion --- p.219
Chapter 8.1 --- Parenting style of both parents --- p.219
Chapter 8.1.1 --- Indulgent parenting of the parent diagnosed with schizophrenia --- p.219
Chapter 8.1.2 --- The parenting style of the healthy parent --- p.222
Chapter 8.1.3 --- The influence of the parenting on the developing children --- p.225
Chapter 8.2 --- Three stages after knowing parental schizophrenia --- p.227
Chapter 8.3 --- Themes --- p.233
Chapter 8.3.1 --- Struggle in poor family environment --- p.233
Chapter 8.3.2 --- Passive coping --- p.239
Chapter 8.3.3 --- Helplessness --- p.241
Chapter 8.4 --- Reflection on theoretical framework --- p.244
Chapter 8.5 --- Implications for practice --- p.247
Chapter 8.6 --- Implications for theory and research --- p.255
Chapter 8.6.1 --- Similarities and differences compared with literature --- p.255
Chapter 8.6.2 --- Directions for future research --- p.257
List of tables and figures
Chapter Table 1 Length of interviews --- p.89
Chapter Table 2 Condition of adolescents --- p.99
Chapter Table 3 Personal information of the parents with schizophrenia --- p.101
Chapter Table 4 Symptoms and hospitalization --- p.102
Chapter Table 5 Medication --- p.104
Chapter Table 6 General family background --- p.105
Chapter Table 7 Family social economic status --- p.108
Chapter Table 8 Possible interventions --- p.250
Chapter Figure 1 Proposed theoretical framework --- p.77
Chapter Figure 2 Revised theoretical framework --- p.245
Chapter Appendices --- p.259
Chapter Appendix 1: Interview Guide (Chinese version) --- p.259
Chapter Appendix 2: Consent form (Chinese version) --- p.262
Bibliography --- p.264

博士
國立清華大學
歷史研究所
106
Abstract The academic word's discussion of the Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945) was concentrated in the political, military, economic, and diplomatic fields, forming a "top-down" view centered on "nationalism" for a long time. This kind of research perspective has long "placed" women and the public to the edge. In order to correct the male-led historical view, this thesis attempts to adopt gender theory and regard the family as an area for analyzing wartime gender relations, and to explore the emotions and daily life of Chinese families during the Anti-Japanese War. This research is based on the fact that daily life in the family is the most important gender process for shaping gender roles, and that the family is an important system and core unit for maintaining social stability. This thesis uses a large number of autobiographical and memoirs, diaries, letters, oral materials and other private materials. One of the characteristics of these materials: the description of family life is highly concentrated in the relationship between husband and wife and parent-child relationship in nuclear families. The second type of materials is female journal. Many wartime women's journals have discussions about the role of mother and housewife. Comparing personal biographies, letters and diary data through publicly published journals highlights the differences between political propaganda and actual women's experience. In the Chapter 2, I discuss the propaganda of women's journals during the Anti-Japanese War: how to shape "war mothers" and "wartime housewives." Through analysis and comparison of women's periodicals by various regions during the Anti-Japanese War, it shows how the roles of housewives and mothers in wartime are shaped, given expectations and meaning by the different political positions. But the ultimate goal of these journals is to mobilize women to war. Chapter 3 tries to explore the daily life of housewives in wartime. By examining how women make a trivial and ordinary contribution in daily life through the traditional gender roles of mothers and wives during the Anti-Japanese War. It is the result of these inconspicuous domestic work that has stabilized the material foundation of the private sphere and supported the activities of men in the public domain. Chapter 4 analyses the roles and emotions of the male "head of household" during the Anti-Japanese War. Through the role of husband and father, it is clearer that nuclear families are better suited to survive in war than extended families. At the same time, adult men become the head of the family, and they interact more closely and equally with their wives and children. Chapter 5 explores the life experiences of war children. Using the biographer's writings on the childhood of war to analyze the psychological trauma and growth of wartime children. To observe the daily life and family ties of the general public under the Chinese war, as well as school life. The personal record of the childhood of war, in addition to being a family history, also provides the face of wartime local history, and promotes the development of small people in the big history. The conclusion of this thesis points out that the Chinese family did undergo a change during the Anti-Japanese War and structurally turned to adapt to war life with nuclear families. In terms of family membership, the emotional description of a large number of couples and parent-child relationships shows that family members are closely related and value each other. From a personal level, the personal life history complements the sense of life that is lacking in the view of the national history and adds to the understanding of local history.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
表演藝術研究所
99
Musical has become a very popular performing form in Taiwan and all the theatre companies want to produce musical nowadays. However, musical presents a unique challenge for actors and actress. To achieve directors’ expectations, they need to be capable of good acting, good singing, and good physical movement. Aiming at the theatre companies that produce and perform in Taiwan area, this thesis selects “Just Like A Family” by VM Theatre Company as an example. And choose the songs of leading actress, Hao Mei-li, for presentation. Through the script analysis the thesis attempts to: find the position of leading actress in this play; realize the relationship between Hao Mei-li and other characters; and discover the clue of Hao Mei-li’s personality. In addition, the thesis contains a character autobiography to build up the family background of Hao Mei-li; finding pictures to depict the appearance of this character; and study on the costume and posture and gesture of Hao Mei-li to make this character more impressive. My presentation will be performed by short drama, and I have selected six major songs of Hao Mei-li in “Just Like A Family.” The songs are respectively: “Fawn”, “Mix Tap”, “How Can It Be”, “The True Love does Come”, “He’s the Wind, and I’m the Flower” and “Forgiveness” to present the evolution of the relationship of Hao Mei-li and Ceng Cheng Gong. Their journey is from love at first sight to ambiguous, to falling in love, to misunderstanding, and finally end up in happy ending. This thesis will investigate the interpretation of songs, subtext of characters, and the relationship between music and ambiance of the songs.