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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese diaspora'
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Deumert, Ana, and Nkululeko Mabandla. "‘Every day a new shop pops up’ – South Africa's ‘New’ Chinese Diaspora and the Multilingual Transformation of Rural Towns." English Today 29, no. 1 (February 27, 2013): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078412000508.
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In this paper we will provide a preliminary overview of the Chinese diaspora in South Africa, with particular focus on non-metropolitan, rural contexts.The migrations of the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first centuries have produced a complex array of Chinese communities around the world. While we know a fair amount about the Chinese diasporas in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and also diasporic communities within Asia, Africa's Chinese community remains a vastly understudied aspect of this larger Chinese diaspora (Ma & Cartier, 2003). Yet there have been long-standing ties between Africa and China, going back to the fifteenth century, and presently China is one of Africa's biggest trade partners and investors (Rotberg, 2008).
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Liu (刘国福), Guofu, and Qian Zhu (朱倩). "Determining Diasporic Chinese Identities from a Legal Perspective in China." Journal of Chinese Overseas 15, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 258–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341404.
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Abstract The Chinese diaspora broadly includes the groups of huaren (华人, ethnic Chinese of different nationalities), huaqiao (华侨, overseas Chinese who are Chinese citizens overseas), guiqiao (归侨, returned overseas Chinese), and qiaojuan (侨眷, relatives in China of overseas Chinese). In the Chinese legal system, the determining of Chinese diasporic status is an important issue in the Chinese diaspora law, as it pertains to the protection of diaspora rights and interests by governmental authorities. The diaspora law in China identifies Chinese diasporic status and grants rights and duties according to nationality and residential qualifications but does not consider the actual contact between the Chinese diaspora and China. This has caused substantive legal procedural issues regarding the confirmation of the legal identity of Chinese diaspora and the issuing of relevant certifications both in China and abroad. These legal issues have presented significant challenges for the Chinese government in its efforts to engage with and manage the Chinese diaspora and it has created a bureaucratic barrier to the protection of their rights and interests. This paper aims to explore the current issues in determining the legal status of the Chinese diaspora, to critically review relevant laws, policies, and empirical research, and to suggest possible solutions for improving diaspora law in the legal system.
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Makodamayanti, Septiarini, and Diyah Fitri Wulandari. "Diasporic experiences portrayed in Luling character as the first-generation in Amy Tan's The Bonesetter's Daughter." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 4, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.4.2.216-225.
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This study deals with the issue of diaspora which relates to diasporic experiences as well as the impact of diaspora. The research attempted to find out the experiences encountered by LuLing and to know the impact of diaspora perceived by her as the analyzed character, during her process of diaspora. Descriptive Qualitative research was used in the arranging of this undergraduate thesis. The data came from various sources that were classified into primary data and secondary data. The primary data were taken from the Bonesetter's Daughter novel by Amy Tan. The secondary data were taken from book, printed and online journals and articles. The first step for analyzing the data was by reading the whole chapters of the Bonesetter's Daughter novel. While the second step, was underlining or highlighting the parts that showed about the diasporic experiences and the impact of diaspora encountered by LuLing. This study shows how the phenomenon of diaspora invokes some experiences and gives an impact to the diasporas as reflected in the Bonesetter's Daughter novel. The movement of LuLing to America triggered by the war in her country had allowed her to undergo some experiences like acculturation, culture shock, and separation, along with the psychological impact of the movement that she had. Through LuLing, the Chinese first-generation woman character, this novel shows how the Chinese diasporas live their life in a country which is different from their homeland.
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Kyan, Winston. "The queer art of Yan Xing: Towards a global visual language of sex, desire and diaspora." Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcca_00060_1.
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This article discusses the work of Yan Xing, who has established an international career as a Chinese diaspora artist. This transnational identity, however, raises certain questions, including how Yan Xing’s work changed from when he lived in China to when he became a US resident in 2015, and how these changes differ from the globalized art of earlier diasporic Chinese artists. Accordingly, this article first argues that overt references in Yan Xing’s earlier work to sex and sexuality shift to an exploration of desire, truth and fiction in his later work that aligns with discourses on queer diasporas and minor theories. Secondly, this article argues that the new generation of Chinese diaspora artists live and work in a different political climate from the earlier generation of Chinese diaspora artists; the new generation works in an art world in which they are not exoticized objects, but actively participates in the making of a global visual language.
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Wahyudiputra, Alexei, and Antonius Rahmat Pujo Purnomo. "Chinese-American Liminality in Everything, Everywhere All at Once (2022)." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2022): 643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i4.24158.
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Diasporas are often said to live in “two worlds”. The conflicting relationship between their physical and mental states results in a fissure where symbolic and physical violence become the main drive for diaspora to survive. This violence comes not only due to these diaspora’s own inner conflicts, but also due to the discrepancies between their native and internalized culture with the external norms and values that surround them in their current stay. The theme of diaspora and violence has been recurrent in American cinematic representation. As the most recent example, an independent film entitled Everything, Everywhere All at Once delves into this issue by incorporating a storyline of a Chinese-diasporic family in the United States who encounters various problems regarding their cultural differences to their surroundings. This article seeks to examine the cultural dynamics only of Evelyn, Waymond, and Joy in the film’s storyline amidst the abundance of multiversal plot points that serve as the pivotal exposition in the film. The analyses are textually grounded based on Homi Bhabha’s notion of liminality and contextually on the differing conception of violence in Chinese and American contexts respectively. This article draws from a Taoist concept of Wu wei to interpret the latter point. This study finds that the film represents diasporic characters within a liminal space that forces them to produce their own “maneuver” in order to survive. The parental problems that Evelyn has with Joy as well as her familial and ideological problems with Waymond are found to be propelled by such culturally-laden maneuvers. The film then can be read as an allegory of Chinese-American diaspora’s liminal experience in the United States. This allegory contains an ethical stance where the idea of non-violence (wu wei) becomes the utopian message of the film.
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Wang (王苍柏), Cangbai. "Diaspora Museum." Journal of Chinese Overseas 18, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 62–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341456.
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Abstract The existing research on Tan Kah Kee’s museum practices focuses mainly on how he developed museums as an educational institute to modernize China. This paper re-examines his contributions to China’s museum development from a longitudinal perspective and by adopting a transnational view. By contextualizing Tan’s museum exercises in his life experience as a Chinese migrant in British Malaya and through analyzing the architecture design, collection and audiences of his museums, it conceptualizes the museums built by Tan as “diaspora museum,” defined as a heritage-making space constructed through the interactions between Chinese diasporas and the Chinese homeland, produced by and producing a de-territorialized vision of nation and identity. In addition, based on this case study it argues that overseas Chinese opened up an alternative route to transmitting museology to China. Instead of transferring museum directly from Western countries, they acquired a knowledge of museum through encounters with mediated Western modernity in colonial Southeast Asia and then transmitted it (indirectly) to China. Tan’s museum endeavors laid the foundation of a “diasporic heritage-building” tradition that has had a long-lasting impact on museum development in China today and among the overseas Chinese communities.
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Bao, Hongwei. "The new generation: Contemporary Chinese art in the diaspora." Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcca_00053_2.
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This Special Issue of Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art focuses on the social significance and political relevance of diaspora Chinese art in the contemporary era. Although artists and authors may hold different stances towards Chinese and diaspora identities, their works and discussions showcase the importance of identity and identity-inflected art in contemporary times; they also demonstrate the productivity of treating Chinese diaspora art as a valuable subject of study in researching contemporary Chinese art. This editorial essay outlines the social and scholarly contexts related to a new generation of contemporary Chinese diaspora art and artists; it also introduces the structure and content of the Special Issue. The text is arranged in the following order: it first clarifies key words such as ‘diaspora’ and ‘Chinese diaspora’ and introduces scholarly debates surrounding these terms; it then briefly maps the study of contemporary Chinese art in a transnational and diasporic context to articulate the significance and scholarly contribution of the current issue. The essay ends with a mapping of the key topics and themes covered in this issue ‐ which have implications for the study of Chinese diaspora art overall ‐ and a brief outline of the key content and argument of each article.
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Zeng, Yanfang, and Rui Xu. "An Exploration of the Relationships between Nostalgia, Involvement, and Behavioral Intention in Diaspora Tourism." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 12273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112273.
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Diaspora tourism has become a significant market niche under globalization, but diaspora tourism to China has been less studied. This paper explores the relationships between nostalgia, involvement, and behavioral intention in diaspora tourism of the Chinese diaspora. By investigating 303 overseas Chinese, we use quantitative methodologies to measure the nostalgia of the Chinese diaspora and identify three segments of Chinese diasporic tourists based on their nostalgia: extremely nostalgic, nostalgic, and moderately nostalgic. Demographic features of each segment and attitude toward home-return travel are depicted. The findings suggest that the level of nostalgia has influences on the perception of home-return travel for the diaspora. For the strongly nostalgic groups, home-return travel is an important way to build and express their identity. For the moderately nostalgic group, home-return travel is regarded as a pleasure-driven activity. This study extends the theoretical understanding of diaspora nostalgia and also has practical implications for the marketing and construction of destinations.
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Peng, Ng Foong, and Ian A. S. Ng. "Old Market Square as a Container of Diasporic Meaning in Chinese Kuala Lumpur." Millennial Asia 9, no. 1 (April 2018): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399617753754.
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Urban growth in the twentieth century engulfed many cultural enclaves and led to threatened histories, communities and cultural practices of places. One such spatial context within the urban space of cities is the diasporic space of the Chinese, often named Chinatown. Petaling Street has been commonly perceived as the microcosm of the Chinese diaspora in Kuala Lumpur with Yap Ah Loy the figure who catalyzed its urban growth that resulted in the fabrication of a sense of belonging and a sense of home for the Chinese diaspora. This paper argues that while discourses on the Chinese diaspora have been centred on the street as a diasporic space it is Market Square (Medan Pasar), the foci of Chinese diasporic development during the historical period of Yap Ah Loy, that offers a more critical perspective. It first examines how the Chinese diaspora constructed the street and the square in Old Kuala Lumpur, and looks at the question, ‘In what sense do they still own them?’ By focusing the discourse on the context of the square in more detail, through historical narrative and spatial analysis, it then highlights the fact that the discourse extends beyond the street. It contends that urban patterns such as the square act as a critical text for unfolding the varying issues of diasporic space within enclaves that are not only contested but record the erosion of culture.
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Guccini, Federica, and Mingyuan Zhang. "'Being Chinese' in Mauritius and Madagascar: Comparing Chinese diasporic communities in the western Indian Ocean." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 4, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v4i2.79.
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Chinese migration to the Western Indian Ocean since the 1800s was part of an earlier historical trend that saw European colonial powers setting up plantation economies that required foreign laborers. Migrants from Southern China arrived in Mauritius and Madagascar first as indentured laborers, and later as free merchants. Despite many similarities between the two diasporas, they differed in terms of their cultural and linguistic propensities. Furthermore, since the 1990s, both Mauritius and Madagascar have been experiencing rising influences of Mandarin-speaking Chinese immigrants working in infrastructure construction, commercial and educational sectors. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in these two Western Indian Ocean countries between 2015 and 2020, this paper applies the theoretical lens of ‘diaspora-for-others,’ featured in this special issue, to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese migration trajectories to Mauritius and Madagascar, and their respective diasporic identity formations. Local socio-historical contexts in Mauritius, Madagascar, and China influence the transnational experiences of Mauritian and Malagasy Chinese communities, which further contributes to their heterogeneous, fluid and changing cultural identities. In addition, the People’s Republic of China’s increasing engagement in Western Indian Ocean countries as a gateway to Africa in the past two decades has also created more nuances in the distinguishable boundaries within the Chinese diaspora communities in the region.
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Kosec, Maja Maria. "Chinese Religions and the Cuban Revolution." Poligrafi 27, no. 107/108 (December 29, 2022): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35469/poligrafi.2022.340.
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The issue of religious practices within the Chinese diaspora in Cuba is increasingly debated within Chinese studies in Latin America. As the Chinese and African diasporas in Cuba have intermingled ethnically, their religious practices have historically also intermingled. While the rise of Afro-Cuban religions in recent decades is primarily understood as a response to centuries of Spanish colonialism and perceived as a resistance to Eurocentric hegemonic power, this article aims to examine the efforts of the Chinese diaspora to re-evaluate their religions from the same decolonial perspective. This article aims to determine the tendencies of interactions between Chinese religious beliefs and Cuba’s religions before and after the Cuban Revolution, including after the fall of the socialist bloc. Specifically, it examines whether post-revolution state atheism had an impact on the religious beliefs and ethnic heritage of members of the Chinese diaspora. In the 1990s there was a revival of the Guan Yu (关羽) cult which has been often interpreted as a consequence of the economic interests of the Chinese and Afro-Chinese diaspora or as a consequence of the interests of the Cuban government. However, we must also be aware of the broader historical, social and political context at play here.
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Wang, Yonghao. "The Political and Economic Status of the Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2023-01-148-155.
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The relevance of the study stems from the Chinese government’s focus on developing cultural, economic partnerships with Asia-Pacific states. It is the Huaqiao who have contributed to this process, for example, there are many investors who balance the flow of money between China and other countries, as well as scholars who share scientific knowledge with Chinese citizens.Aim. Based on the above, the aim of the study is to analyse the current position of the Chinese diaspora in the economic and political spheres of life in Southeast Asia.Tasks. In order to successfully realise the objective, it is necessary to solve the research tasks:to describe the essence of the concept of “diaspora” in the academic literature, as well as its specific features;to consider the role of huaqiao in the formation of China’s external image;to evaluate the degree of Chinese business activity in trade of the countries under consideration;4) to study the degree of Chinese diasporas’ participation in political life of the states of residence.Methods. Analysis and synthesis of literary sources (while studying the concept of “diaspora”), historical method (while describing three main waves of Chinese diaspora migration and studying Chinese settlement in different parts of South-East Asia), descriptive method (while studying the place of Chinese diaspora in political and economic life of South-East Asia) were used as main research methods.Results. The research results have been summarised according to the level of representation of the positive image of the Chinese as a result of the Huaqiao’s economic and political actions.Conclusions. Firstly, about 75% of overseas Chinese, or 28 million people, live in modern Southeast Asian countries.Secondly, within the framework of the business activities of the Chinese diaspora, the most significant factor of influence is the association of Chinese enterprises in the “bamboo network” and expansion of areas of cooperation with each other.Third, the Chinese diaspora has different rights these days depending on the form of government and state structure of the country.
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Li (李志鹏), Zhipeng. "Chinese Ethnic Media in France." Journal of Chinese Overseas 16, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 242–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341425.
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Abstract This article seeks to analyze recent developments in overseas media in the Chinese language in France. To do so it underlines the links between these media, created for and by Chinese migrants, and the trajectory of an entrepreneurial diaspora within the host country. The vast bulk of data is drawn from a qualitative study of several media organizations of the Chinese diaspora in France. In particular, a comparative study of two media, Ouzhou shibao and Huarenjie, has enabled an examination of a twofold interrelated phenomenon. On the one hand, the changes in commercial strategy to respond to the evolution of the Chinese diaspora in France, and, on the other, the relations between the Paris-based Chinese ethnic media and the authorities of the country of origin. It is argued that these media contribute to building social and political capital for the Chinese diasporic entrepreneurs in France.
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Gordon, Alexander. "TRANSMIGRATION AND FORMATION OF THE DIASPORAS : CHINESE IN FRANCE." Vostokovedenie i Afrikanistika, no. 2 (2021): 26–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rva/2021.02.02.
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The prerequisites and stages of formation of the modern Chinese diaspora in France are considered as part of the global process of development of cross-border migration and its transition to a new quality - the formation of diasporas. The ties of diaspora with China and their perception in the French society are characterized. The dual attitude towards China in France is emphasized: fear of its foreign economic expansion, on the one hand, and assessment of the prospects of economic relations, on the other hand. The composition and characteristics of the Chinese diaspora are analyzed. The prerequisites for the business success of the Chinese are revealed, and contradictory attitudes to them in French society are stated: «a model minority (mêdel minority)» in public opinion and «racism of resentment» in the «collective unconscious».
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Kwon, Hyangsuk. "The Multiple Layers of "Zainichi" Korean Chinese Diaspora Viewed from a Kaleidoscopic Perspective through the Prism of the Documentary Indelible." Seoul Journal of Korean Studies 36, no. 2 (December 2023): 561–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/seo.2023.a916931.
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Abstract: In this paper, I analyze the documentary Indelible ( Chisuji , 2019), directed by Ryūichi Tsunoda (Seongwoo Kim). Depicting a "Zainichi" Korean Chinese in Japan, the documentary is a personal story of the journey of a man to find his father and, by extension, himself. Although it was produced with a focus on the family, particularly the father-son relationship, it also serves as a valuable historical account, illustrating structural realities in East Asia that continue to create diaspora. I elucidate the historical context of Korean Chinese in Japan and their migration and the difficulty of ascertaining the number of Korean Chinese living in Japan, discussing the connections between Korean diasporic histories across Korea, Japan, and China rooted in imperial occupation. I also explore, through intersectional perspectives, patriarchy, isolation of the elderly, female migration, and multilayered identification. I argue that the documentary serves as a prism through which the complexities of the Korean Chinese diaspora are revealed, not only deepening our understanding of the diaspora's historical trajectory and contemporary challenges but also illuminating the intersection and expansion of the identities of Korean Chinese in Japan.
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Kasempat Poolsawas. "An Overseas Chinese Author on Chineseness: A Study of Catherine Lim’s Novels." Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature 17, no. 2 (December 21, 2023): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/asiatic.v17i2.3020.
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The objectives of this documentary research are to study Catherine Lim’s concept of Chineseness in the Chinese diasporic context as well as to investigate the identity and existence of the ethnic culture of the Chinese diaspora in the Straits Settlement. This study is analyzed through Lim’s three novels: The Bondmaid (1995), The Teardrop Story Woman (1998), and The Song of Silver Frond (2003). All the novels present stories of the Straits Chinese or the Chinese diaspora in the Straits Settlement, the territories under the British occupation in the age of colonisation. The findings reveal that Lim’s cultural and social upbringing in Straits Chinese society helped mold her as a female diasporic Chinese. Straits Chinese society in Lim’s novels is one that adheres to Chinese beliefs and cultural norms as well as their cultural roots. However, Lim still reflects how the context of displacement from the motherland becomes an important factor to dilute the sense of Chineseness among the Straits Chinese. Moreover, Lim also interestingly presents the images of Chinese diasporic women in various dimensions in her novels.
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Gill, Yubee. "Contours of Resistance: The Postcolonial Female Subject and the Diaspora in the Punjabi Short Story." IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities 8, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijah.8.1.04.
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Diaspora literature and theory offer significant critiques of traditional ideas regarding nation-states, identities and dominant cultures. While it is true that the literature of the diaspora has been receiving increasing attention as of late, it is worth noting that works written in the diasporans’ native languages are generally not included in wider discussions about the more complex issues related to the diaspora. As an initial corrective for this deficiency, this article explores selected stories in Punjabi, paying special attention to issues relevant to the lives and experiences of women in diaspora. Diasporic conditions, as most of these stories seem to assert, can be painful for women, but even while negotiating within a diverse system of values, many of them eventually discover possibilities for independence and growth. Such personal improvements are attainable due to their newfound economic liberation, but hard-won economic independence comes with a price. The inclusivity implied by identitary hyphens (i.e. Chinese-American; Mexican-American, etc.), so celebrated in diaspora writings in English, are almost as a rule missing in the fictional accounts studied here. In these accounts, an essential feature of diasporic subjectivity is the double sense of “Otherness” strongly felt by people who, having extricated themselves from the cultural demands of their original group, are not unchallenged members of the dominant culture.
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Khanna, Vinod C. "The Chinese Diaspora." China Report 37, no. 4 (November 2001): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944550103700401.
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Price, R. F. "The Chinese Diaspora." Monthly Review 49, no. 2 (June 7, 1997): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-049-02-1997-06_7.
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Ghosh, Bishnupriya, and Bhaskar Sarkar. "DIASPORA AND POSTMODERN FECUNDITY." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 16, no. 1 (November 3, 2022): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v16i1.1897.
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Central to the experience of postmodernity is the increase in, and the intensification of, transnational encounters. The globalization of capital, culture, work-forces, and identities leads to patterns of homogenization whose totalizing tendency is undercut by intense fragmentation and the local play of differences. Thus Coca-Cola and IBM feel the need to acknowledge the heterogenity of the world market, even as they capture it. The increased productivity in economic and cultural terms marks the postmodem as remarkably fecund. This perception of fecundity comes from the various, and often opposing, groups on the pOlitical continuum.1 The 'triumph' of transnational capital in Asia and the entry of Eastern Europe into the capitalist fold have created unprecedented economic and financial flows. Simultaneously, the antifoundational dismantling of epistemological hierarchies release long-repressed energies that create new flows and open up fresh possibilities. These new flows and structurations require cognitive refigurations, as older modes of knowing the world have become inadequate. The nation is one social and cul-tural formation that has come to be rigorously Interrogated in the light of the global-local· dynamisms. A rise in the volume of migrations and the increasing visibility of varied diasporas - communities that transcend the geopolitical boundaries of the nation-state - demand a new sense of national belonging: national heritage, essence, tradition etc. have lost their immanent valences. For instance, Chow (1993) stresses the need to "unlearn Chinese ness" in order to foster Chinese diasporic identity. Our object of study is the Indian diaspora as it redefines the Indian nation. We look at specific political controversies among immigrant/expatriate Indians about what it means to be properly Indian. We trace the Indian diaspora's relation to 'home' and 'host' nations in cinematic representations originating both in and outside of India. As diasporic cultural productions are celebrated as part and parcel of the glob~1 postmodernism, we use this occasion to take a hard look at the promises of postmodern fecundity.
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Yow (游俊豪), Cheun Hoe. "Diasporic Chinese Boundaries and Bonds Revisited: An Introduction to the Special Issue." Journal of Chinese Overseas 18, no. 2 (October 4, 2022): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341464.
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Abstract Over myriads of migration trajectories, settlement adaptations, and generation variations, diasporic Chinese have constantly reconfigured their subjectivities as a group, locally, regionally, and globally. Either as migrants transcending geographic demarcations and territories or ethnic groups with distinctive cultures and mentalities, members of the Chinese diaspora have aspirations and concerns that have evolved over time and space. This special issue re-examines and reconceptualizes boundaries and bonds of Chinese diaspora in various realms and aspects. It features six revised papers, from an international conference on “Boundaries and Bonds” held in October 2021, and an article that shares the same academic concern. They are riveting accounts of how multiple disciplines should be engaged in order to approach Chinese diaspora as subject matter and to reveal the diversity of situations where Chinese as migrants and ethnic groups are positioned and constructed for a myriad of reasons. Their case studies on Guangdong, Brazil, Singapore, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Myanmar reveal the various processes and routes of resetting networks and boundaries that have brought about new elements of Chinese ethnicity.
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Callahan, William A. "Beyond Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism: Diasporic Chinese and Neo-Nationalism in China and Thailand." International Organization 57, no. 3 (2003): 481–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818303573027.
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This article highlights the dynamic interaction between Chinese, Thai, and Sino-Thai identity construction, on the one hand, and the mutual production of domestic and international politics, on the other. It questions how nationalism and cosmopolitanism are formulated by arguing against the popular notion that a diaspora is a cosmopolitan community situated in a foreign nation. Diasporic public spheres are critically examined to show how Sino-Thai identity is produced in relation first to neo-nationalism in Thailand and China, and second in specific contexts within Thailand that call into question essential notions of Thai, Chinese, and overseas Chinese identity. Diasporas thus both construct and deconstruct the seemingly opposing forces of nationalism and cosmopolitanism. The article uses the ethnographic approach of anthropological constructivism to build on sociological constructivism's focus on national identity, norms, and formal institutions. Rather than looking to culture as a substance, the article highlights how culture takes shape in context-sensitive relations between identity and difference. This ethnographic approach encourages one to look in different places for world politics, shifting away from state actors to transnational nonstate actors, from geopolitics and international political economy to economic culture, and from law and institutions as the foundations of international society to the less formal organizations of the diasporic public sphere. Diaspora thus not only adds new data to arguments about global/local relations—it helps one question the structures of world politics that look to the opposition between cosmopolitanism and nationalism.
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Bo-wei, Chiang. "A Special Intermittence and Continuity in Local History: The Chinese Diaspora and Their Hometown in Battlefield Quemoy during 1949-1960s." Journal of Chinese Overseas 7, no. 2 (2011): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325411x595396.
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Abstract From 1949, Quemoy became the battlefront between the warring Nationalists and Communists as well as the frontline between Cold War nations. Under military rule, social and ideological control suppressed the community power of traditional clans and severed their connection with fellow countrymen living abroad. For 43 long years up until 1992, Quemoy was transformed from an open hometown of the Chinese diaspora into a closed battlefield and forbidden zone. During the war period, most of the Quemoy diasporic Chinese paid close attention to the state of their hometown including the security of their family members and property. In the early 1950s, they tried to keep themselves informed of the situation in Quemoy through any available medium and build up a new channel of remittances. Furthermore, as formal visits of the overseas Chinese were an important symbol of legitimacy for the KMT, Quemoy emigrants had been invited by the military authority to visit their hometown since 1950. This was in fact the only channel for the Chinese diaspora to go home. Using official files, newspapers and records of oral histories, this article analyzes the relationship between the Chinese diaspora and the battlefield, Quemoy, and takes a look at the interactions between family and clan members of the Chinese diaspora during 1949-1960s. It is a discussion of a special intermittence and continuity of local history.
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Yao, Cui. "Patterns of Repertoire amongst Toronto Chinese Orchestras." ASIAN-EUROPEAN MUSIC RESEARCH JOURNAL 10 (December 7, 2022): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/aemr.10-6.
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Toronto, among the most diverse cities in the world, is home to a massive Chinese diaspora and hosts no fewer than five Chinese orchestras. Varying in size from 20 to 60 members, and in status from professional to amateur, these orchestras have been providing a home for Chinese instrumentalists and exposing Torontonians to Chinese music since 1993. In this article, I analyze the repertoire choices of three of these orchestras since 1993 to consider how their repertoire relates to their members’ identities and the organizations’ goals. In particular, I argue that the repertoire represents complex negotiations of diasporic communities, both with their audiences and among the orchestra members themselves; for instance, these orchestras’ directors seek the balance between new repertoire and old repertoire without losing audiences. Moreover, these negotiations demonstrate the impact of transnationalism (Zheng Su, 2010) and hybridity (Ang Ien, 2003) on diasporic Chinese communities in Toronto. The city’s multicultural environment enables these Chinese orchestras to collaborate with musicians and music groups from different cultural backgrounds. This article provides insights into how the history of Chinese orchestras in Toronto contributes to our understanding of how Chinese diaspora music history is actually Canadian music history.
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Oh, Chong Jin. "Diaspora Nationalism: The Case of Ethnic Korean Minority in Kazakhstan and its Lessons from the Crimean Tatars in Turkey." Nationalities Papers 34, no. 2 (May 2006): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990600617623.
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A diaspora is a migrant community which crosses borders, retains an ethnic group consciousness and peculiar institutions over extended periods (Cohen, 1997, p. ix). It is an ancient social formation, comprised of people living out of their ancestral homeland, who retain their loyalties toward their co-ethnics and the homeland from which they were forced out (Esman, 1996, p. 317). The Jews were the most ancient and well-known diasporic people. For a long time, “diaspora” meant almost exclusively the Jewish people. Hence diaspora signified a collective trauma, a banishment, where one dreamed of home but lived in exile. However, in recent years other peoples, such as Palestinians, Armenians, Chinese, Tatars, etc., who have settled outside their natal territories but maintain strong collective identities, also have defined themselves as disasporas. As Cohen states, “the description or self-description of such groups as diasporas is now common,” which allows a certain degree of social distance to displace a high degree of psychological alienation. Accordingly, during the last decades, disaspora has been rediscovered and expanded to include refugees, gastarbeiters, migrants, expatriates, expellees, political refugees, and ethnic minorities (Safran, 1991, p. 83).
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Dao, Anh Thang. "Living Without Quê." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 7, no. 3 (2012): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2012.7.3.55.
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In existing scholarship, the formation of the Vietnamese Diaspora is often described as a result of the Second Indochina War. In this essay I examine other national and international historical events, such as the Vietnamese government's persecution of ethnic Chinese, the Cold War and French colonization of Vietnam, that contributed to the internal multiplicity and diversity of the Vietnamese Diaspora. Reading Thuận's novel Chinatown within the theoretical framework of freedom, I argue that a centuries-long history of political negotiation between Vietnam and international actors such as China and France has resulted in the oppression, internal exile and displacement of not only Vietnamese people, but also ethnic Chinese. Through an analysis of the relationship between the Vietnamese narrator and her ethnic Chinese husband, I reflect on the difficulties and potential of diasporic subjects to imagine a different kind of freedom that can challenge the different power dynamics regulating their life in both Vietnam and in the diaspora.
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전병국. "Diaspora and National policy - Focusing on Russian Diaspora and Chinese Diaspora." Cross-Cultural Studies 26, no. ll (March 2012): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21049/ccs.2012.26..123.
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Božić-Miljković, Ivana, and Ana Jovičić-Vuković. "Chinese diaspora in Serbia." Megatrend revija 18, no. 3 (2021): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2103267b.
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The focus of the paper is better understanding of the experiences of the Chinese diaspora who lives in Serbia, their perception of Serbia as their destination country and their view on the economic environment and the quality of life in Serbia. The research was conducted in the period from June to December 2017, and included 52 representatives of Chinese diaspora in Serbia. As a method of research semi-structured interview was used. Results show that representatives of the Chinese diaspora do not recognize Serbia as a very favorable business destination and most of them see their stay in Serbia as temporary and dependent on economic conditions.
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Rubinskiy, Yuriy. "Chinese diaspora in France." Contemporary Europe 59, no. 3 (July 20, 2014): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope32014127132.
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Larin, A. G. "CHINESE DIASPORA IN RUSSIA." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, no. 5 (December 20, 2017): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-5-30-49.
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At the present stage, the thesis of the “Chinese demographic threat” has decreased to the lowest level, but has not disappeared completely from the mass consciousness, paradoxically combining with increased sympathy for China. The work of Chinese migrants, spreading throughout the country, plays a particularly significant role in the economy of the Russian Far East. In a number of places and a number of industries, Chinese migrants compete with Russians and even drive them out of the market; In other cases, their work is recognized as necessary. The Russian authorities pursue a policy of gradual restriction of foreign, including Chinese, labor, both to facilitate the employment of their own citizens, and to achieve geopolitical goals. The reverse side of this policy is the worsening of the already not very favorable investment climate in the country. The Russian administration has little control over the economic activities of Chinese migrants and even the dynamics of their numbers, but at the same time it tends to lease to the Chinese side large agricultural and forest territories, not seeking to maximize the labor potential of its people and creating a situation impending damage to the country’s economic sovereignty, that causes public outcry. Educational migration from China to Russia, which is not very large, is constrained by a set of causes, including unfavorable living conditions in Russia. The main reason is the low rating of the Russian diploma in the international labor market, including in China itself, and the very modest opportunities that it opens for career growth. The conjugation of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Silk Road Economic Belt, apparently, will open up wider opportunities for attracting Chinese labor migrants to the rise of the Russian economy, but their professional structure will hardly change qualitatively. The explosive growth of their number can occur if the EAEU and China decide to establish a free trade zone. However, this is unlikely in the foreseeable future. The Chinese diaspora, being undoubtedly useful for Russia, simultaneously carries a number of risks to it. They can be eliminated or mitigated by establishing clear control and regulation of migrants’ activities, but for this it is necessary to improve the mechanism of managing the economy of the country.
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Gusterson, Hugh. "Diaspora, war, Gaza." Anthropology Today 40, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12860.
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This guest editorial examines how diasporic communities influence modern wars amidst globalization and rising ethnonationalism. It discusses historical tensions between states and diasporas during conflicts, referencing world wars and recent issues involving Chinese Americans in the US. The editorial highlights the roles played by diasporas in various conflicts, including the internment of Japanese Americans in World War II, scrutiny of Chinese Americans during Trump's presidency, and Irish expatriates’ involvement with the IRA. It focuses particularly on the Israel‐Gaza conflict, noting the active participation of Israeli and Palestinian diasporas in North America, often marked by internal disagreements. The piece argues that these diasporas, though physically distant from the conflicts, significantly influence global perspectives and the nature of warfare through public opinion and social media, thereby reshaping the contemporary understanding of war.
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Rasulov, Ikhtiyor, Jin-I. Ha, Nindya Dhaneswara, and Aidana Zhumagulova. "Uzbek Diaspora in Germany: Navigating Cultural Identity, Migration Policies, and Economic Cooperation." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i02.021.
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This study examines the Uzbek diaspora in Germany, focusing on its cultural identity, migration policies and economic cooperation. It uses a global to-specific framework to provide a comprehensive analysis of these dimensions. The research sheds light on the challenges faced by the Uzbek-German community in preserving their heritage, adapting to a new cultural environment, and contributing to the German labour force. The study also examines the implications of the Uzbek-German migration agreement, highlighting diplomatic entanglements, ethical considerations, and potential socio-economic impacts. The economic aspect is analyzed through the theoretical lens of diaspora economics and capital, drawing parallels with the experiences of the Indian and Chinese diasporas. The research contributes to a more holistic understanding of the Uzbek diaspora in Germany, offers valuable insights into their experiences and aims to stimulate further dialogue and research on global diasporas.
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고혜림. "Ambivalent Perspectives and Characteristics of Diasporas represented in Chinese Literature by Chinese Diaspora." JOURNAL OF CHINESE STUDIES ll, no. 49 (August 2015): 185–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.26585/chlab.2015..49.008.
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Chen, Ningning, Ying Ruo Show, and Emily Hertzman. "Diasporic Chinese voluntary associations engage China's rise." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 64, no. 3 (December 2023): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.12397.
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Since the late 1970s, China has gradually risen as a global power, which culminates in the present moment when large‐scale geopolitical and economic ventures such as the Belt and Road Initiative have generated diversified cross‐border connections. This is most forcefully felt in the Chinese diaspora, and particularly those in Southeast Asia since the region is home to the largest and most diverse diasporic Chinese population. Chinese voluntary associations (CVAs), as crucial social institutions in the Chinese diaspora, are actively engaging with China's rise and responding to the (trans) regional political‐economic and socio‐cultural changes. In this introduction of the special section, we open up a collection of five research articles and one commentary that discuss the ambivalences and tensions in CVAs’ engagement with China's rise. We conceptualize CVAs as ever‐evolving ancestral communities which actively (re)position themselves in relation to complex configurations of power dynamics taking place between actors in China and the Chinese diaspora. Ancestral communities evolve through a constant mediation of the two mutually‐constitutive processes of transnationalization and localization, which take on dual‐facing and double‐embedded orientations. This special section also highlights the continuing significance and renewed engagement of CVAs and potential tensions and conflicts generated in changing geopolitical and domestic environment.
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Qi, Xiangu. "Mahjong, Chinese diaspora cinema and identity construction." East Asian Journal of Popular Culture 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eapc_00050_1.
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Through a comparative study of two films, The Joy Luck Club and Crazy Rich Asians, the article elaborates how Chinese diaspora films use Mahjong’s cinematic symbolism and cultural significations to negotiate Chineseness in different ways. In particular, three differences between the two films are analysed. The first one is the different attitudes of the female protagonists towards Mahjong as well as the Chineseness embodied by it. The second concerns the disparate presences of Mahjong in films made by mainland China-based filmmakers and Chinese diasporic filmmakers due to Mahjong’s differed historical trajectories and sociocultural implications. The last one is about the distinct goals the two film directors set when they employ Mahjong to (re)construct their identity and Chineseness on the part of the Chinese diaspora. This article concludes that Chineseness is not a monolithic and rigid category, but rather a chameleonic formation that is contextually and individually determined; moreover, in the age of globalization when coexistence and interdependence are valued more than mutual-resistance, the dynamic nature of Chineseness necessitates a more hybrid and critical identity framework: in-betweenness.
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Sidarta, Yos. "Konstruksi Identitas Kebangsaan Ganda Diaspora Tionghoa Indonesia Melalui Penggunaan Bahasa." Antroposen: Journal of Social Studies and Humaniora 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2023): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/antroposen.v2i1.4544.
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National identity is constructed by primordial, sacred, character and economic factors. Indonesia as a multi-ethnic country, the population consists of various ethnic groups and diaspora such as the Chinese, Arab and Indian diaspora. As an independent and sovereign nation, even though there are many tribes and there is also a diaspora, Indonesia's national identity can be recognized by other nations in the world, one of which is through language. The Chinese diaspora is the diaspora with the largest number in Indonesia, after becoming Indonesian citizens they also still have a Chinese national identity considering the history of their ancestors from mainland China. Then when they live in Indonesia and become Indonesian citizens, they use Indonesian as the language of social communication and have an Indonesian national identity. However, their Chinese national identity is still attached. The condition of the formation of a dual national identity in the Chinese diaspora through the use of Chinese and Indonesian languages raises the question, what is their real national identity? Then what social consequences arise as a result of the dual national identity. The purpose of this article is to understand the influence of language on the formation of dual national identity and its consequences. The research method is based on literature study and qualitative data from interviews with several Chinese diaspora families based on their life experiences when they were still in Indonesia.
Keywords: Chinese Diaspora ; Language and Dialect ; National Identity
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Pan, Gaojie. "Art practices of the Chinese women diaspora: On cultural identity and gender modernity." Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcca_00055_1.
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Since the early twentieth century, Chinese women artists have emigrated to other countries. Their works are influenced and shaped by diaspora experiences, which vary across time phases. However, the world history of diasporic women is often lost in the larger historical narrative. As such, women diaspora artists also remain an under-represented segment in art realms, both within and outside of China. This is a case study of three Chinese diaspora women artists ‐ Pan Yuliang, Shen Yuan and Pixy Liao. Their works reveal engagement in cultural identity as well as gender identity through an autobiographical approach. For cultural identity, dynamic interaction between the culture of the artist’s homeland and that of her host country play a vital role throughout their art practices. Rather than using elements of typical Chinese cultural heritage, women artists tend to engage in cultural emblems, which connect to their personal-gendered experiences. Albeit confronting the double otherness on cultural and gender identity in a foreign country, the experience of diaspora pushes women artists to pursue independence, self-awakening and broader world-views. With modern conceptions of gender, their practices, particularly the family-theme, convey reflections on the conventional ideology of the family, as well as traditional gender roles.
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Van, N., and E. O. Leonteva. "The Interpretation of “diaspora” in Chinese Language: its Diversity and Influence on Social Theory and Practice." Discourse 9, no. 4 (September 21, 2023): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-4-86-98.
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Introduction. The Chinese language, unlike Russian, has several terms, denoting different statuses of Chinese migrants, but there is no term such as “diaspora”. These features are interpreted by the authors along the lines of social ontology as independent sociological concepts, constructing particular migrant groups. The article’s oobjective is to show their internal coherence and correlation with the notion of “diaspora” as well as to outline the difficulties and problems occurring as the result of the interaction between researchers dealing with the topic. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that researchers have paid little attention to differences in national academic discourses that are meanwhile very important because intercultural differences can only be negotiated if there is an understanding of what they are. With regard to diaspora discussions, this understanding has yet to be developed. The article shows that in diaspora studies there is a language barrier, which at the moment is currently an impassable obstacle for authors who write about the diaspora in different languages.Methodology and sources. To work on the article, the authors used a discursive analysis of academic texts on Chinese migration and Chinese migrants, as well as dictionaries and official documents such as the Large Chinese-Russian Dictionary, the Tsihai Dictionary (辞海 ci hai – Sea of words), the Large Russian Encyclopedia, State Council resolutions, and Chinese legislation.Results and discussion. The treatment of 10 terms replacing the notion of “diaspora” in Chinese language is disclosed. The authors describe characteristic features of each group. It is illustrated that there is a linguistic asymmetry, as a result of which the European notion of “diaspora” receives specific connotations when translated into Chinese that cannot account all the features of this community, thus in the Chinese academic discourse the substitution with the most important from the translator and editor's point of view equivalent (the situation “instead of diaspora”) is made.Conclusion. It is concluded that in Chinese, through translation, the author expresses important features of the migrant community, emphasising either its closeness, or its distance to the “diaspora” status.
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Wong (黄伟民), Lloyd L., and Shibao Guo (郭世宝). "Brain Drain, Brain Gain and Brain Circulation: Emerging Trends and Patterns of Chinese Transnational Talent Mobility." Journal of Chinese Overseas 19, no. 1 (April 17, 2023): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341477.
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Abstract Four decades ago, in the 1980s, network analysis did not anticipate the growing importance of transnational and diasporic communities “embedded” in more than one country. The integrating theoretical framework of transnational social mobilities is adopted for this article on Chinese talent mobility in the diaspora with a focus on the mobilities between China and countries in the OECD. By examining macro migration data within the OECD, we analyze emerging trends and patterns of the movement of highly skilled Chinese transnational talent. In light of China’s rising economic power and the concomitant growth of a Chinese transnational diaspora, we trace the trajectory of China’s brain drain, brain gain and brain circulation in OECD countries over the past forty years. Chinese talent mobility in the new economy consists of “transnational circuits” characterized by the circulation of goods, people, knowledge and information. This article theorizes the new modality of “circulation” in terms of transnational social mobilities.
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Inglis, Christine. "The Chinese of Papua New Guinea: From Settlers to Sojourners." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 6, no. 3-4 (September 1997): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689700600304.
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The renewed interest in diaspora populations in this age of globalization has inevitably led to a re-examination of the Chinese diaspora which, especially in Southeast Asia, has achieved prominence through its association with the ëAsian economic miracle.í This article examines the contemporary transformation of the Papua New Guinea part of this Chinese diaspora from a long settled, homogeneous community into a highly segmented and fragmented sojourner population. Integral to this process has been the intersection of post-colonial nationalism with the emergence of new opportunities for economic development attracting Asian and other international investors. The new sojourner Chinese population differs in significant respects from the sojourner populations associated with much nineteenth and early twentieth century Chinese migration. A particular feature which emerges from the exploration of the variant patterns of Chinese migration and settlement in Papua New Guinea is the need to re-examine the nature of ìChineseî identity and frequent assumptions about the characteristics of Chinese diaspora populations. The Papua New Guinea Chinese case highlights the diversity in the way the Chinese identities related to the concept of a ëhomelandí as well as the very different ways in which segments of the same diaspora group relate to each other and to Chinese elsewhere.
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Clark, Audrey Wu. "Emasculation and Chinese American Diaspora." Amerasia Journal 38, no. 2 (January 2012): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/amer.38.2.1n072r7162741774.
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Sukhomlinova, V. V. "A new Chinese “Diaspora Moment”?" MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, no. 2 (May 11, 2022): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-2-83-209-217.
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Boldurukova, Nazira B. "Potency of the Chinese Diaspora." Procedia Economics and Finance 26 (2015): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00803-5.
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Boldurukova, Nazira B. "Potency of the Chinese Diaspora." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 143 (August 2014): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.439.
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Huang, I.-shu. "Culture of the Chinese Diaspora." China Report 37, no. 4 (November 2001): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944550103700402.
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Abreu, Maria, and Joseph Zhao. "Chinese migration, diaspora, and mobility." Regional Science Policy & Practice 15, no. 9 (December 2023): 1891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12738.
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Chung, Eun-Ju. "Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia and the Establishment and the Change of Chinese Ethnic Schooling Therein: From the end of the Qing Dynasty to before 1949." Institute for Historical Studies at Chung-Ang University 61 (April 30, 2024): 109–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2024.61.109.
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This paper examines the development and change of the Chinese education in Southeast Asian countries since the end of the Qing Dynasty, when nationalism and national identity sprouted and grew. I scrutinize the diaspora education in relation with the home country and also in the context of local Chinese community. Overseas Chinese diaspora education reflects various issues in Southeast Asia, including nationality, ethnicity, hometown, adaptation, generational change, and dual nationality. In the paper, as the background of modern Chinese education in many Southeast Asian countries, I discuss the aspects of educational reform in China and how they were linked to the overseas Chinese education system since the end of the 19th century, and record the actual progress in Southeast Asian countries. By doing so, this study aims to read the relationship between the changing Chinese diaspora generation's recognition of 'China' along with changes in Southeast Asian Chinese society projected on the progress of diaspora education.
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Afonasieva, Alina V. "On the Question of the Size and Location of the Chinese Diaspora in the World (1949 — present)." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 2 (2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120025331-5.
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The article is devoted to the issues of the size of the Chinese diaspora (overseas Chinese or huaqiao-huaren — Chinese emigrants with PRC citizenship and ethnic Chinese with foreign citizenship), its location in the world and the degree of its self-organization. These issues are quite complex. There is still no generally accepted methodology for studying them. Changes in the size and geographical location of the Chinese diaspora are shown in a historical perspective, with an emphasis on 1949 (the creation of the PRC), 1978 (the beginning of the policy of reform and opening-up in the PRC) and 2000-2021 (suppositive present stage). The author analyzes international, Chinese (PRC and Taiwan), American and Russian estimates of the size of the Chinese diaspora and determines the range of the number of huaqiao-huaren at the present stage at 50-80 million people. She identifies 189 countries and regions of residence of overseas Chinese (earlier, a figure of 150-160 countries and regions appeared in national and foreign literature), and creates two maps of the geographical location of the Chinese diaspora by countries and regions of the world. One of them shows the actual number of overseas Chinese, the other shows the share of huaqiao-huaren in the population of countries and regions of the world. The paper also touches upon the topic of overseas Chinese communities. It studies the statistical data of the PRC and Taiwan regarding the size and types of activities of these communities. It also gives a brief overview of the economic situation of the Chinese diaspora in host countries. The author concludes that the Chinese diaspora has a high degree of self-organization and developed economic ties with China.
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Bolt, Paul. "Chinese Diaspora Entrepreneurship, Development, and the World Capitalist System." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 6, no. 2 (September 1997): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.6.2.215.
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In the summer of 1997, two issues involving diaspora Chinese captured headlines across the United States. The first was the return of Hong Kong to Chinese control after more than a century of British rule; coverage of this issue focused not only on the future of human rights in Hong Kong, but also on the close economic linkages between Hong Kong and China and on the importance of Hong Kong to China’s economic future. The second was the scandal involving alleged illegal contributions of foreign funds to the Democratic and Republican parties in the United States. Senate hearings in the cases of both parties centered on political contributions funneled through wealthy diaspora Chinese entrepreneurs. Republicans tried especially hard to demonstrate that China had orchestrated an attempt to illegally influence the US political system, using diaspora Chinese as intermediaries. To the consternation of a great many Chinese living in the United States, the proceedings raised questions regarding the loyalty of diaspora Chinese and their connections with China, as well as reviving stereotypes of shadowy and mysterious connections among ethnic Chinese.
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Dianti, Tiara, and Muhammad Yamin. "Digital Diaspora China dan Upaya Mempertahankan Eksistensi Identitas Dalam Politik Internasional [The Digital Diaspora of China and Attempts to Maintain the Existence of Identity in International Politics]." Verity: International Relations Journal 8, no. 16 (December 1, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/verity.v8i16.725.
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<p>Discussions on digital diaspora are relatively new in international relations studies. The birth of digital diaspora was driven by globalization and the increasing use of information and communications technology. The importance of digital diaspora recently has been recognized by some countries; this paper will discuss the digital diaspora of China. The emergence of digital diaspora was started by the Beijing Strategy in the Deng Xiaoping era. It has developed since the third generation of Chinese diaspora are better educated and skilled, so it is not surprising that it is easier for them to access the virtual world.</p><p>Chinese Digital diaspora can be seen as a great opportunity for the country with the capacity to make use of it and include it as part of the country’s public diplomacy. The possible role of digital diaspora can be manifested through their actions in community development and political movement committed in cyberspace. Chinese Digital diaspora action is based on their strong sense of belonging to the country of origin (homeland) and a sense of nationalism.</p>