Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese administration reform'
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Cheng-tian, Kuo. "Chinese Religious Reform." Asian Survey 51, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 1042–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2011.51.6.1042.
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Abstract The Chinese Christian Patriotic Education campaign demonstrates that the party-state has adapted itself to the religious politics among various public and private institutional actors, pivotally coordinated by the relatively liberal State Administration for Religious Affairs. Consequentially, religious freedom in China has made slow but significant progress in the past decade.
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Christensen, Tom, Dong Lisheng, and Martin Painter. "Administrative reform in China's central government — how much `learning from the West'?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 74, no. 3 (September 2008): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852308095308.
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The prevailing interpretation in the scholarly literature is that public sector reform in China during the period of marketization has been driven primarily by internal, contextual factors rather than being under the sway of particular global reform models or theories such as New Public Management. The aim of this article is to move beyond arguing from inference that `Chinese characteristics' continue to be dominant and to inquire into the manner and extent of external influences on central government reform actors. We assume a `multi-causal' model in which both internal and external factors are present. From a survey of the literature on the reforms, we conclude that, while there are some `unique' features, most of the themes (and even the results) of modern Chinese reforms are not unique and have parallels in Western countries. Moreover, aside from the similarities in the content and substance of administrative reforms, the patterns and styles of reform in China and in the West in the past 20 years show marked similarities and parallels. Thus, external reform ideas and influences are being diffused through reform processes. Further empirical and theoretical analysis is required to establish the more specific nature of scanning and dissemination, or other forms of diffusion; the kind of learning that is taking place; and the impact that any imported models or templates actually have on reform proposals and outcomes in particular reform episodes. Points for practitioners • Whereas many scholars tend to believe the lip service the Chinese leaders pay to the `uniqueness' of China's public sector reforms and their `Chinese characteristics', their leaders have been very eager to `learn from the West'. • Emulation and learning at a global level are key aspects of contemporary public sector innovation and reform, even between jurisdictions that are seemingly very different from each other. • The development of sophisticated mechanisms for scanning and selective learning are key requirements for a rapidly developing public sector such as China's.
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Aufrecht, Steven E., and Li Siu Bun. "Reform with Chinese Characteristics: The Context of Chinese Civil Service Reform." Public Administration Review 55, no. 2 (March 1995): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/977183.
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Zhou, Guanghui. "Political Reform in China in the 1990s: Implications for the Future." Chinese Public Administration Review 2, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v2i1.2.36.
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Chinese political reform in the 1980s was concentrated largely on reversing many of the affects of the Cultural Revolution, such as the “personality cult” and the altitude of “what I say goes,” and improving efficiency through streamlining administration and delegating power to the lower levels. The reforms of that decade demonstrate a certain passivity and vacillation. In comparison, the political reforms enacted in the 1990s tended to be theoretically conscious, entailing a progressive advancing political reform, which promoted change at many levels, concerning relationship between micro and macro, central and local, and state and society. Autonomy, internationality, and progressiveness were the key characteristics of Chinese political reform in the 1990s. In the near future, political reform in China will begin storming age-old fortifications, and only through uninterrupted institutional innovation can China effectively avoid a cataclysm from an “explosion of participation.”
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Yang, Zhuan Zhi. "Reform of the System of Local Administration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1611.
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This paper describes the formation and change of Chinese local administration system , and pointed out the shortcomings of its existence with a series of reform measures, so that the local administration system has been improved and strengthened, adapted to the local development of the socialist market economy needs , and ultimately to promote the development of social productive forces.
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Zhang, Mengzhong, and Marc Holzer. "Chinese Administrative Reforms: A Replica or Derivative of the Western NPM Model?" Chinese Public Administration Review 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v8i1.142.
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At the theoretical level in the public administration community, there is an ongoing debate as to whether public administration principles can be universally applied to any country or whether they are bounded by political, economic, social, cultural, historical, environmental and traditional factors. While there is an increasing observation in the 21st century that convergence of administrative reforms between developing and developed countries has great momentum, this paper argues that national context plays a significant (if not vital) role in a specific country’s administrative reforms. To put this argument in context, the paper examines similar and dissimilar features of Chinese administrative reforms with that of USA, with a conclusion that Chinese administrative reform is not a replica, but rather a derivative, of the Western NPM Model.
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Li, Xiufeng. "The SARS Crisis and the Prospect of Chinese Government Reform." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 18, no. 1 (August 31, 2003): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps18104.
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For China, the SARS calamity has a great impact on its steadily developing economy, society and politics. At the same time it provides an opportunity because SARS changed the original Chinese living habits, ways of working and worldview. This paper is to analyze the effect of the crisis on the Chinese public administration and the direction of Chinese government's reform by focusing on the research of the revealed drawbacks in the management of Chinese government and the measures taken by Chinese government during the SARS crisis. Research shows that there are many deep-rooted problems. For example, in the spreading and early handling stages of SARS, the Chinese government did not perform adequately: non-profit departments were not well developed, governments at all levels refused to cooperate, there were no emergency institutions to deal with the crisis, officials were unqualified and the administration is closed and undemocratic. However, the measures taken during the SARS crisis also showed the crisis promoted the transformation of Chinese government further from a controlling government to a service oriented government, from a closed government to transparent and open government, from a government ruled by individuals to a government ruled by law. Meanwhile the crisis suggests that the administrative system is facing new adjustment and development.
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Chamberlain, Heath B. "Party-Management Relations in Chinese Industries: Some Political Dimensions of Economic Reform." China Quarterly 112 (December 1987): 631–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000027144.
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Enterprise Party–management relations lie at the intersection of two major reform efforts in present-day China–one aimed at decentralizing economic power through the “invigoration” of large and medium-scale industries, the other aimed at deconcentrating political power through the separation of Party from administration. Common to both reform efforts and critical to each is the area of Party–management relations. As an important issue in enterprise reform, on the one hand, it is central to the Chinese leadership's current drive to restructure the urban economy and, indeed, the entire national economy.1 On the other hand, as a crucial test of the leadership's ability to render the Communist Party more authoritative but less intrusive in day-to-day affairs, it is also central to current political reforms. While it might be too much to claim that the issue of Party–management relations is the key link in the leadership's overall modernization drive, unquestionably the failure to resolve the issue will seriously cripple its economic and political reform efforts.
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Ma, Qiongli. "Research on Institutional Advantages and Dilemma of Contemporary Chinese Public Participation in Public Administration." Scientific and Social Research 3, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i5.1195.
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Based on the background that China is accelerating socialist administrative management reform with Chinese characteristics, this paper selects public participation in public administration as a research object and outlines the existing institutional arrangement of public participation in public administration. By focusing on the institutional advantages and dilemma of Chinese public participation in public administration, the paper analyzes from the national macro level, local government medium level and grassroots micro level and further proposes the suggestions on the ways to promote Chinese public participation in public administration.
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Kobets, Petr N. "The Establishment, Functioning and Reformation of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China." State power and local self-government 2 (January 26, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2021-2-56-60.
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One of the primary roles in China’s public administration system is assigned to the state Council of the country. Currently, many researchers have an increased interest in this state body, which performs the functions of the country’s government and is the highest Executive authority. In this regard, the author set a task to study the features of the formation, functioning and reform of this public authority, which performs the function of the country’s government. As a result of the research, the author notes that the formation of the Chinese State Council has a long way to go, from the creation of rural administrations in the 1930s, to the formation of the Central people’s government in the 1950s and its regular reform until now. And if in the early period of the people’s Republic of China, the country’s Communist party together with the government were a single entity, then in the late 1970s, their functions were gradually distributed, and the government smoothly moved to independent day-to-day management of the state. Therefore, today the Communist party makes strategic decisions that determine the state’s policy, and government structures implement this policy, focusing on solving economic problems, leaving the issues of ideology, personnel and security to the Communist party. Special attention was paid to the modern features of the reform of the State Council, which is taking place within the framework of structural transformations carried out in the form of in-depth reforms of public administration institutions initiated in 2017 by the XIX Congress of the Chinese Communist party.
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Zhang, Mengzhong. "The Development of the Chinese Public Administration Society." Chinese Public Administration Review 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v1i1.5.
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It has been 13 years since the Chinese Public Administration Society (CPAS) was founded in October of 1988. The path of development of CPAS has been closely associated with the new era of China's opening and reform policy. It has furthered the practice of public administration and its development as an emerging academic discipline. A review of the history and present situation of CPAS will not only help readers understand CPAS better, but also understnad better the development of administrative science in contemporary China.
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Christensen, Tom, and Yongmao Fan. "Post-New Public Management: a new administrative paradigm for China?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, no. 2 (May 23, 2016): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852316633513.
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From three theoretical perspectives – instrumental, cultural and mythical – this article analyses the reasons for the worldwide emergence of post-New Public Management reforms and summarizes the typical features of those measures. In particular, it explores the link between post-New Public Management and public-sector reforms in China and argues that the ongoing reforms in China, including the super-ministry reform, the regulation of industry, the affordable housing policy, social and healthcare reforms, and the anti-corruption campaign, have shed light on various aspects of post-New Public Management measures. However, because China’s complex public administrative systems are more centralized than they are in many Western countries, it faces big challenges in deciding on and implementing reforms. Points for practitioners The examined administrative reforms demonstrate that China is imitating post-New Public Management reforms and adapting them to Chinese cultural traditions. China’s case reveals that the public sector is a complicated combination of elements from New Public Management and post-New Public Management reforms in a process where new reform elements are continuously added to old ones. China’s reforms are still ongoing; in the past years, China focused more on economic reform, decentralization and efficiency, but today its reforms are turning to social stability, political order and central control.
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Guo, Ji, and Mengzhong Zhang. "The Development of the Chinese Public Administration Society." Chinese Public Administration Review 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v1i1.103.
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It has been 13 years since the Chinese Public Administration Society (CPAS) was founded in October of 1988. The path of development of CPAS has been closely associated with the new era of China's opening and reform policy. It has furthered the practice of public administration and its development as an emerging academic discipline. A review of the history and present situation of CPAS will not only help readers understand CPAS better, but also understand better the development of administrative science in contemporary China. The development of CPAS mirrors the development of the Chinese public administration community.
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Caulfield, Janice L. "Local government reform in China: a rational actor perspective." International Review of Administrative Sciences 72, no. 2 (June 2006): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852306064613.
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There has been a series of comprehensive reform initiatives in recent Chinese history aimed at improving bureaucratic efficiency, flexibility and innovation through management and fiscal decentralization. The local government sector in China carries major functional responsibilities from economic development to social welfare provision. It is responsible for over 70 percent of total government expenditure. Now, in the new millennium, the Chinese central government seeks to transform local government as part of its market liberalization strategy. This includes ‘privatizing’ local enterprises (a process begun during the 1990s) and a rationalization of local bureaucracy. Although still a highly centralized administration, there has been a significant move away from a uniform approach to local government where now differentiation between regions and localities is actively encouraged. Within a still tightly constrained political structure, however, the reforms have done more than improve China’s economic output. They have created incentives for local officials to engage in rent seeking and utility-maximizing behaviours. The article explores the reform initiatives and critically assesses results against this background.
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Qian, Haiyan, Allan Walker, and Xiaojun Li. "The west wind vs the east wind: instructional leadership model in China." Journal of Educational Administration 55, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 186–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-08-2016-0083.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a preliminary model of instructional leadership in the Chinese educational context and explore the ways in which Chinese school principals locate their instructional-leadership practices in response to traditional expectations and the requirements of recent reforms. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 selected primary school principals in Shenzhen and Guangzhou. A qualitative analysis was conducted to categorize the major leadership practices enacted by these principals. Findings An initial model of instructional leadership in China with six major dimensions is constructed. The paper also illustrates and elaborates on three dimensions with the greatest context-specific meanings for Chinese principals. Originality/value The paper explores the ways in which Chinese principals enact their instructional leadership in a context in which “the west wind meets the east wind”; that is, when they are required to accommodate both imported reform initiatives and traditional expectations. The paper contributes to the sparse existing research on principals’ instructional leadership in non-western cultural and social contexts.
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ZHAO, JING, and JIYUAN WANG. "SOCIAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS AND FIRM INVESTMENT: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM CHINA." Singapore Economic Review 67, no. 02 (February 5, 2022): 895–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590822500072.
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This paper studies the impact of firm social insurance contribution on investment by exploiting a contribution collection administration reform in China. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that Chinese firms increase social insurance contribution after the reform that the premiums collection duty is transferred from local social insurance administrations to tax bureaus for better enforcement. As a consequence, the enforced increase in contribution decreases firm investment significantly. On average, a one percentage point increase in social insurance contribution decreases firm investment by 1.5 percentage points. The effects are more pronounced among firms with higher manufacturing costs or tighter financial constraints.
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Liou, Koutsai Tom. "Issues and Lessons of Chinese Civil Service Reform." Public Personnel Management 26, no. 4 (December 1997): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609702600407.
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This study examines the experience of China's civil service reform during its economic development years. The study focuses on major issues that are related to the reform, including: the reform background and motives, the reform process, reform characteristics and major challenges. Based on the analysis of the Chinese reform experience, the study further discusses some lessons that may contribute to the knowledge of civil service reform.
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Ngok, Kinglun, and Guobin Zhu. "Marketization, globalization and administrative reform in China: a zigzag road to a promising future." International Review of Administrative Sciences 73, no. 2 (June 2007): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852307077972.
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The Chinese administrative system has been periodically reformed since the early 1980s. This article mainly focuses on the reforms of the State Council, the central government of China, and then deals with the five main rounds of reform. It gives a full picture of the story of reform with its context and contents, the measures taken, the difficulties encountered and the challenges ahead. It is argued that administrative reform in China has been used to reorient the Communist state to an emerging market-oriented economy and to enhance the capacity of the government to regulate market forces and to respond to the significant impacts made by economic globalization. Given the authoritarian nature of the party-state polity of China, the authors argue that administrative reform in China has also been used as an alternative route to alleviate the crisis of governance resulting from rapid social change; however, its effects are constrained by the implications of politico-administrative apparatus. To build up a modern governing system suitable for a market economy, a proactive approach, including political or constitutional reform, should be put on the agenda.
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Burns, John P. "Chinese Civil Service Reform: The 13th Party Congress Proposals." China Quarterly 120 (December 1989): 739–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000018440.
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Since 1980, in their pursuit of economic development, reformist Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leaders have decentralized personnel administration and transferred formal authority over some personnel matters to state institutions. To manage its more complex economy, Party authorities have been forced to select professionals and specialists based in part on their technical qualifications and job performance. To a limited extent, the Party has begun to place personnel management in the hands of experts who are competent to assess the qualifications and work of their peers, and directly in the hands of employing institutions. The CCP has beat a limited, if unsteady retreat.
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Bennett, Gordon. "Economic agendas old and new and chinese administrative reform." International Journal of Public Administration 16, no. 9 (January 1993): 1321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900699308524850.
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Wu, Jiannan, and Pan Zhang. "Local government innovation diffusion in China: an event history analysis of a performance-based reform programme." International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315596211.
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The performance-based reform programme launched by Fujian province in 2000 has been adopted by many other Chinese provinces, including Zhejiang, Hebei, Anhui and Sichuan, over the past 12 years. This article aims to explore the antecedents of the adoption of this programme, in particular, the effects of senior figures' political promotion incentives and diffusion mechanisms. Specifically, event history analysis based on probit regression is used to examine data from 31 Chinese provinces for the 2000–2012 period. The results show that leaders' relative age and chances of being appointed to the Politburo, and distance to the general election, are significantly negatively correlated with the reform programme's adoption, but top-down diffusion is significantly positively correlated with it. Points for practitioners This study confirms that the nomenklatura system in China shapes the diffusion of innovations through the mechanisms of political promotion incentives and intergovernmental interactions. Thus, the dynamics of innovation diffusion are, to some extent, rooted in particular political institutions and shaped by political contexts. Furthermore, the desire for political promotions may figure as a general deep reason for decisions about whether to adopt innovations; therefore, strengthening these incentives for adopting reforms becomes a key strategy.
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Li, Linda Chelan. "Decision-making in Chinese local administrative reform: Path dependence, agency and implementation." Public Administration and Development 29, no. 1 (January 20, 2009): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.518.
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Liu, Ziyu. "Security Review in the Evolution of Foreign Investment Law with Chinese Characteristics: Part II." Business Law Review 41, Issue 6 (December 1, 2020): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2020122.
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Without detailed regulations on security review in China’s Foreign Investment Law, this article suggests a promising but challenging future of security review, from the perspective of institutional design. Based on the bureaucratic hierarchy between the central government and local governments which hindered the formulation and enforcement of security review in Free Trade Zones, it is promising that the central government will retain control over formulating and enforcing security review through inter-ministerial Joint Conference. However, the uncertain roles of central ministries will cause potential challenges. Based on the logic of the latest institutional reform led by the Chinese Communist Party, this article suggests the possible position of the National Development and Reform Commission in security review, is a sole coordinator rather than a substantial leader. It also points out that the rising role of other institutions, such as the newly-established State Administration for Market Regulation, will bring challenges in the further formulation and enforcement of security review in the Foreign Investment Law ( FIL). Security review, Foreign Investment Law, institutional design, Chinese Communist Party, Joint Conference, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Commerce, State Administration for Market Regulation
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Rong, Zhao, and Xu Fengqai. "The phenomenon of Chinese social mobilization as interpreted by Russian scientists." World of Russian-speaking countries 4, no. 10 (2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2021-4-10-5-18.
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The article analyzes the phenomenon of social mobilization as an important method of national administration in China from the perspective of Russian scientists, for whom the history of the Communist Party of China in power is a history of social mobilization, and the history of New China is divided into the following four stages, using as an integral factor of periodization the characteristic of social mobilization: the period of mobilization for socialist transformation, the period of supermobilization “Big Leap”, the mobilization period of reform and openness and the period of mobilization “Chinese Dream”. The article examines how, in order to prevent and combat the new coronavirus epidemic, social mobilization has played a huge role, and demonstrated the enormous advantages of the Chinese socialist system with Chinese character. To learn from China's experience, Russian scientists are trying to study the source of China's powerful social mobilization from different perspectives: economics, politics, ideology, and culture. Russian scholars' understanding of China's social mobilization is important for modernizing the country's national administration and enhancing the party's ability to manage social processes. The authors consider the importance of the values of Chinese civilization in the global historical process, identifying the spiritual reasons for the social, cultural and political strengthening of China at the present stage. The authors reveal the interpretation of the concepts “poli-cy” and “reform” in Chinese culture; and draw parallels with the interpretation of these concepts in Western discourse. The article examines the threefold model of Chinese state administration (power, wisdom, virtue) and reveals the special role of the Chinese Communist Party in the process of social mobilization.
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Morris, Jonathan, John Hassard, and Jackie Sheehan. "Privatization, Chinese‐style: economic reform and the state‐owned enterprises." Public Administration 80, no. 2 (January 2002): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00308.
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Jiang, Qing-Yun. "Evolution of Classified Administration of Enterprises and the Harmonization of AEO System in Chinese Customs Reform." Global Trade and Customs Journal 11, Issue 1 (January 1, 2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2016004.
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With the effectiveness of AEO mutual recognition agreement between EU and China on 1 November 2015, China intensifies its AEO harmonization with other trade partners. In this context, this article first considers the framework of classified administration of enterprises and AEO system in China and discusses the latest development. Further reform of AEO system in China is to strengthen credit-based administration and improve the efficiency of customs clearance for domestic and foreign certified importers and exporters. The article also provides a review of administration concept of General Administration of Customs of China in various stages: risk management concept, classified administration concept and credit-based administration concept. By comparison with the AEO implementation in EU, the article suggests customs regulatory measures shall focus more on global standardization and compliance, as well as improve accessibility of SMEs to AEO status by establishing screening procedure and special guidance etc.
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Jin, Yuran. "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Reform of Business Administration Major: A Chinese Case Study." Education Journal 5, no. 2 (2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20160502.12.
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Barkan, Lenore. "Chinese old-age pension reform: The process continues." International Social Security Review 43, no. 4 (October 1990): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-246x.1990.tb00871.x.
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CHAN, CHAK KWAN. "Re-thinking the Incrementalist Thesis in China: A Reflection on the Development of the Minimum Standard of Living Scheme in Urban and Rural Areas." Journal of Social Policy 39, no. 4 (May 6, 2010): 627–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279410000322.
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AbstractMany commentators contend that the Chinese government adopted an incremental approach to welfare policy reform because its leaders lacked an overall blueprint for it, allowing initiatives to be implemented only after lengthy experimentation. While this perspective has provided an essential account of the implementation and changes of some welfare programmes, it has inadequately addressed the slow progress in rural areas' welfare programmes and the different welfare entitlements for rural and urban residents. Further investigation is therefore required to resolve these anomalies. Using the minimum standard of living scheme (MSLS) as a case example, this article illustrates how the Chinese government's legitimacy needs, during different stages of its economic reforms, have been the principal motivation for the implementation of such schemes. The introduction of an urban MSLS in 1997 aimed to reduce laid-off workers' dissatisfaction following the government's reforms of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The implementation of a rural MSLS in 2007 was intended principally to minimise conflicts between land-losing farmers and local officials after widespread rural riots. These MSLSs are also minimal and stigmatising public-assistance schemes that fulfil the dual objective of securing a stable political environment for economic reform and maintaining poor people's work ethic for China's mixed economy.
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YI-CHANG, LIU. "Reform: the Theme of the Development of Chinese Administrative Science." Governance 5, no. 4 (October 1992): 459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.1992.tb00052.x.
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JAMES, ESTELLE. "How can China solve its old-age security problem? The interaction between pension, state enterprise and financial market reform." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 1, no. 1 (March 2002): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747202001026.
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Like most countries, China faces a rapidly aging population and a looming social security crisis. Prefunding and unifying a fragmented system are at the heart of the government's projected reforms that are intended to prevent this crisis. The Chinese plan to set up individual accounts to deal with these problems is retarded by three key factors:1 transition costs must be covered in any move toward prefunding, and the Chinese government is still trying to figure out how to accomplish this;2 the current social security system is characterized by fragmentation and decentralized administration, which lead to principal–agent/ moral hazard issues that make it more difficult to cover transition costs, decrease early retirement and increase compliance;3 the funds that have accumulated have not been invested in diversified portfolios by competitive management and have not earned a high rate of return.This paper focuses on these three problems as well as the complex interactions between pension, financial market and state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform. We summarize the bold steps that the government has announced during second half of 2001 to link pension, financial market and SOE reform.
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Zhu, Guobin. "Reform or Reorganization: Constructing and Implementing the New Chinese Civil Service." International Review of Administrative Sciences 61, no. 1 (March 1995): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002085239506100108.
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Benewick, Robert. "Towards a Developmental Theory of Constitutionalism: The Chinese Case." Government and Opposition 33, no. 4 (October 1998): 442–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1998.tb00461.x.
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CONSTITUTIONS, CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM AND CONSTITUTIONAL conflict are once again commanding attention. The celebrations of the bicentennial of the American constitution, the implementation of constitutional reform in Canada, the Labour government's programme for constitutional change in the United Kingdom, the seemingly intractable conflict in Northern Ireland, and transfers of sovereignty to the European Union from its constituent states, testify to this. Equally, if not more challenging, have been the upheavals in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and its reconstituted states, the ‘third’ wave of democratization across the developing world, the experiment in participatory constitutionalism in South Africa and the return of Hong Kong to China. Of the 179 countries that elect their governments out of a total of 192 countries in the world, 176 have codified constitutions. Constitutions, however, that are not fully mature or operative and are not based on the principles or drafted with the advice of those nations that have developed and entrenched their constitutions tend to be disregarded, or even dismissed. Moreover, writing a constitution is one exercise, implementing, and interpreting it is a far more complex and delicate undertaking. So how are social scientists to evaluate the process?
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Mikhel, Irina. "Sanitary Reforms in Hong Kong (Second Half of the 19th Century to the Beginning of the 20th Century)." ISTORIYA 13, no. 12-1 (122) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023975-1.
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Sanitary reforms in China began in parts of the country where European influence was strong. The British colony of Hong Kong was at the forefront of sanitary reforms, where the population naturally had to adapt to the difficult conditions of the climate, the burden of infectious diseases and constant overcrowding. By the early 1880s, the colony's growing Chinese population and disorderly housing development raised serious concerns among the European community that the presence of the Chinese posed a tangible threat to the health and well-being of Europeans in this part of East Asia. This sentiment prompted a series of sanitary reforms, catalyzed by the reports of colonial engineer Osbert Chadwick, a staunch advocate of sanitation and equal access to modern sanitary infrastructure. His reports of 1882 and 1902 set the course of sanitary reform in Hong Kong for the long term. They were also a response to the Hong Kong Chinese community's request for universal access to adequate methods of rainwater and domestic sewage disposal, as well as access to a more equitable water supply. Like all fast-growing global cities, Hong Kong's continued development was impossible without an extensive sanitation transformation program. It was advocated not only by the most far-sighted members of the colonial administration, but also by much of the colony's Chinese population.
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Ha, Jai-Ryong, and Gyongwoo Yun. "Critiques on the Weberian Model of Modernization: The Case of Chinas State Industry Reform." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 16, no. 2 (February 28, 2002): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps16208.
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Weberian model of modernization presumes that economic progress requires the replacement of traditional institutions and values with a modern burearcracy and a culture of law. Since the early 1990s, Chinese government not only introduced a variety of Western style "modern enterprise system" but also made efforts to establish a sound economic legal framework to provide the elements necessary for economic actors to carry out activities in a more market-oriented environment. However, this research shows that the introduction of impersonal market mechanism and its practices as well as the introduction of laws to support the market system have not caused the decline of informal-personal practices in China's state industry sector.
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BÉLAND, DANIEL, and KA MAN YU. "A Long Financial March: Pension Reform in China." Journal of Social Policy 33, no. 2 (March 29, 2004): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940300744x.
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In the context of rapid economic and demographic change, the People's Republic of China has attempted to reshape its public pension system. Although China's current pension system has drawn the attention of many policy analysts, no theoretically informed account on the politics of Chinese pension reform has yet been published. Grounded in a broad institutionalist perspective, this contribution analyses contemporary pension politics in China through the interplay of four main factors: (1) decentralisation and limited administrative capacity, which make it difficult to rationalise and transform the existing pension system; (2) feedback effects from previously enacted pension schemes that further complicate policy change; (3) liberalisation and economic reforms, which have created ‘vested interests’ in the newly established private sector, but which have lacked the strength to generate a mature financial system; (4) finally, the apparent dominance of the neo-liberal financial paradigm commonly associated with the World Bank. While this financial paradigm favours the adoption of new reform proposals, the economic and institutional factors mentioned above complicate their implementation.
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Yu, Miaojie. "The Status of China's Market Economy and Structural Reforms: The Issues Behind the U.S.–China Trade War." Asian Economic Papers 18, no. 3 (December 2019): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00714.
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This paper investigates the most essential issues behind the ongoing U.S.–China trade war. In addition to the apparent bilateral trade imbalance, China's status as a non-market economy (as labelled by the Trump administration) is one of the most fundamental reasons that the United States triggered the U.S.–China trade war. Accordingly, the United States’ most pressing request is to urge China to implement further structural reform. This paper argues that the current Chinese economy is quickly becoming a modern market economy with a unique Chinese character. This is evident from ongoing structural reform to create a competitive environment between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and through a further opening-up of the market by guaranteeing a wider and deeper market access for inbound foreign direct investment.
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Oliver Williams, J. "Inside chinese bureaucracy: Civil service reform in the ministry of light industry." International Journal of Public Administration 16, no. 7 (January 1993): 1035–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900699308524834.
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Hongyan, Liu. "SYSTEMIC REFORM OF CHINESE ANTICORRUPTION LEGISLATION AND ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE." Law Enforcement Review 1, no. 4 (January 10, 2018): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2017.1(4).140-147.
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The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of ongoing systematic reform of Chinese anticorruption legislation and practice of its enforcement.The purpose of the article is to formulate ways of improvement Chinese anti-corruption legislation.The methods of legislation analysis and synthesis of legislative gaps and contradictions are used.The results, scope of application. Nowadays, China is moving from the struggle against corruption by political means to the struggle by legal means. In attempt to construct a system of anti-corruption legislation, China is actively forming a dualistic normative system and a mechanism for the interaction between party norms and state legislation. A multilevel vertical-integrated system of anti-corruption legislation with "The anti-corruption law" as a core was created; the Party is stressing the priority status of preventive legislation and the auxiliary role of legislation on control over power. This system should became the basis for building Chinese anti-corruption legislation. The author formulated a system of principles of Chinese anti-corruption legislation, including the principles of efficiency, consistency, economy and gradualism. The importance of the anti-corruption legislative program, the task formulated in 2015, is underlined. The list of the main anti-corruption legislative acts has been determined, including legislation in the aspects "do not dare to take [bribes]", "cannot take [bribes]" and "do not want to take [bribes]". The problem of improving the legislation in the "do not dare to take" aspect have been specially considered, including improvement of criminal legislation, adoption of the law on accountability and responsibility of public servants, as well as the adoption of an anti-corruption law. The main alternatives and problems of improving legislation in the context of "not being able to take" are considered, such as adoption of laws on declaration of property of public servants, on pre-vention of conflict of interests, on transparency of the administration, on public hearings, and the improvement of party norms.Conclusions. China is experiencing a crucial turning point in the fight against corruption since the beginning of the modernization transformation and is in the strategic "window of opportunities". Active and systematic construction of anti-corruption legislation, the transit from formal counteraction to real counteraction is the key to overcoming the current "corruption crisis with Chinese characteristics".
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Ha, Yiming. "EMOLUMENTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND THE FAILURE OF BUREAUCRATIC REFORM IN THE YUAN DYNASTY." International Journal of Asian Studies 15, no. 2 (July 2018): 153–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591418000037.
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Beginning in 1260, the Mongol ruler Khubilai Khan embarked on the creation of a Chinese-style bureaucracy to govern his realm more effectively. At the same time, the court began to promulgate a salary code for its officials. Though both processes were led in large part by Chinese scholar-officials, this group continually complained about the shortcomings of the salary code and its negative effects on the bureaucracy. By studying their writings on salaries and official government records, this article will demonstrate that the Chinese literati used their complaints about the salary code to level criticisms against flaws in the administration and to push for bureaucratic reform, and that the Yuan court was genuinely concerned about the salary problem and took measures to alleviate it. Yet the court never actually reformed, and this article will ultimately aim to show how the response to the issue of salaries reflected the Mongols’ desires to cling to the power and privilege that was afforded to them by a bureaucratic structure which preserved much of their traditional steppe institutions and values.
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Chiu, Stephen W. K., and Eva P. W. Hung. "Good governance or muddling through? Layoffs and employment reform in socialist China☆." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2004.06.006.
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China’s socialist employment system has undergone radical changes since the 1990s along with enterprise restructuring. Surplus workers have been laid off from state-owned enterprises in large numbers. China’s policy program for the management of layoffs in this process of enterprise restructuring has been evaluated as an example of ‘good practices in labor administration’. In this paper, we use original field data collected in Beijing, supplemented by additional information from recent Chinese studies, to assess this evaluation. We apply for this purpose the criteria often used by development agencies to evaluate governance systems, namely, accountability, transparency, consistency, participation, and information flow. Using these criteria as a yardstick, we argue that the Chinese experience in reforming their employment system through massive layoffs and re-employment is better characterized as a classic case of ‘muddling through’ rather than a shining example of ‘good governance’.
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Lin, Vivian. "Transformations in the healthcare system in China." Current Sociology 60, no. 4 (June 22, 2012): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392112438329.
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In April 2009, the Chinese government announced comprehensive reforms to the health system following more than a decade of piecemeal reform efforts. Popular complaints about high healthcare costs and access difficulties eventually received political attention following the government administration change of 2002 and the SARS outbreak of 2003. However, policy differences between ministries resulted in several years of vigorous and open policy debates involving domestic and international stakeholders as well as citizens who are active in expressing opinions virtually (netizens). The 2009 reforms signalled not only policy recognition of the need for a comprehensive and systemic approach if healthcare was to be transformed, but also charted new approaches to policy-making. While the current reforms are being rapidly implemented, the question arises as to whether the shifts in the policy-making process will continue into the future. Further evaluation of the policy process will require cooperation if not collaboration from the policy actors themselves.
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Póra, András, and Valéria Széplaki. "China, as the Sovereign Creditor of Emerging Markets and Developing Economies." Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly 67, no. 2 (2022): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2022_2_3.
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The study’s three main questions are: 1. What trends can be observed in Chinese sovereign lending? 2. How does the contractual setup differ from the Western one? 3. What proposals have been made to mitigate the related risks, and which ones seem feasible? The research relied on recently established databases and regulatory materials. China is the world’s largest sovereign creditor at the moment. Its credit expansion began as early as 2008, well before the official announcement of the intention. Several conditions in its contracts differ from those of the West, which pose a risk relevant to an international debt settlement. Their purpose is twofold: to make a profit secured by strong collaterals and, if necessary, “soft power” influence. On the other hand, China does not use “debt-trap diplomacy”. Any global reform in sovereign debt management needs the involvement of China, but in the longer term, Chinese lending conditions should also ease.
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Viana, Venus. "THE POLICING OF A SOUTH CHINESE COUNTY, 1929–1949." International Journal of Asian Studies 12, no. 1 (January 2015): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591414000217.
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In 1927, when the Nationalist Party under Chiang Kai-shek established a republic, they also established a list of urgent duties. One was to reform the government structure from top to bottom so as to show the rest of the world its capability to govern the country in a modern way. While big cities were the showplaces for modernization and state-building, down at the county level, Chiang Kai-shek proclaimed Zhongshan in Guangdong the “model county.” To maintain this honor and its benefits, the local authorities made special efforts to restructure the government; reforming and retraining the police force was one important aspect of this attempt. While it is commonly held today that in the 1930s and 1940s county governments in the Pearl River Delta had disintegrated and were dominated by “local bosses,” this article uses previously inaccessible local records to examine Zhongshan County government and reform to answer one particular question: whether Zhongshan was successful in forming a modern police force. It examines a number of problems related to inefficiency and ineffectiveness in government administration, but at the same time also discusses why many civilians were welcoming, rather than suspicious, of the police. The answers to these issues suggest that the overall structure and management of the Zhongshan government (and even social integration) was to some extent consolidated in this period.
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Meng, Guangwen. "China's Model of Free Economic Zones: Experiences and Prospects after over 20 Years." Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, no. 12 (September 2, 2013): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i12.95.
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It is true that no FEZs in the world like in China have made so strong impact on national economic development and reform. Their existing condition, however, has been changed since the middle 1990s. Chinese FEZs have to face the new challenges and problems. This study discussed and prospected the transformation and further development of Chinese FEZs in the 21st century as well as their significance for the transformation of FEZs in other country based on the analyzing of the indicators such as the role, policy, industrial sectors, administration, development model, spatial structure, and location in this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i12.95 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.12 2005: 65-82
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Chelan Li, Linda. "Path Creation? Processes and Networks: How the Chinese Rural Tax Reform Began." Policy and Society 25, no. 1 (January 2006): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1449-4035(06)70127-8.
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Mei Hua, Cheng, and Wu Chyung En. "Cultural Differences in the Study of Public Administration." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 25, no. 1 (April 30, 2010): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps25112.
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"There are two kinds of truth: extensional (objective) and intentional (subjective). Western culture has traditionally foregrounded extensional truth, while Chinese culture has focused on intentional truth. This paper focuses on intentional truth, which has not been given sufficient attention in the study of public administration. Action knowledge is more valuable than a science of administration, and we need to develop it. All learning takes place inside individuals, so all organizational learning is individual learning. Meanwhile, tacit knowledge must be made explicitly before it can be gainfully deployed. An organization’s competitiveness depends on its tacit knowledge, not its explicit knowledge, and the same is true of public administration. This paper uses hermeneutical methods to analyze the meaning of administrative action in organizations from different cultural viewpoints. To deal with the global economic crisis, it is important to develop action knowledge to support theories of how financial crises develop and how they could be avoided, so as to reform the institutionalized paradigm of public administration and governance and to cooperate in dealing with the economic crisis."
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Jingwei He, Alex, and Jiwei Qian. "Hospitals' Responses to Administrative Cost-containment Policy in Urban China: The Case of Fujian Province." China Quarterly 216 (November 13, 2013): 946–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741013001112.
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AbstractThe patterns of hospitals' behavioural changes in response to different insurance systems and payment arrangements have been well documented in the literature on health economics and policy. To understand these changes, it is necessary to look at the shifts in fundamental economic incentives. Meanwhile, hospital practices are also subject to adjustment when administrative tools are realigned. This article examines the dynamics of a health policy campaign started in 2005 by a Chinese provincial health administration that was committed to containing health expenditures using administrative measures. Through a combination of qualitative in-depth interviews and quantitative panel data analysis comprising 30 public hospitals in the sample, this article finds that by revising the structure of administrative measures on the supply side, the Chinese health bureaucracy is able to curb rapid cost inflation in the short term. However, while having to meet the cost control mandate imposed by the health administration, Chinese public hospitals still managed to defend their economic interests by engaging in various unintended opportunistic behaviour. This article analyses a panel database from Fujian province and reveals the strategies adopted by public hospitals and considers their implications for China's ongoing national healthcare reform.
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Gao, Hong, and Adam Tyson. "Administrative Reform and the Transfer of Authority to Social Organizations in China." China Quarterly 232 (July 3, 2017): 1050–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574101700087x.
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AbstractIn this article, we examine the administrative functions that have been carried out by social organizations (SOs) in China since 2013. We use evidence from Guangdong to demonstrate that the transfer of authority to SOs is selective, tends to create more burdens for local government, and generally does not lead to greater autonomy for SOs. We focus on five types of SOs that are undertaking new administrative functions with varying degrees of operational autonomy, which relates to the consultative authoritarian model proposed by Jessica Teets. Consultative authoritarianism allows for the expansion of relatively autonomous SOs and the development of indirect state control mechanisms. The model is designed to improve governance without democratization by expanding the role played by intermediaries such as SOs in public administration and service delivery. The evidence from Guangdong permits us to conclude that the transfer of authority to SOs allows for innovations in public administration, but that politics continues to motivate government decisions as to which functions are suitable for SOs to undertake, casting doubt on the ability of the Chinese Communist Party to achieve sustainable improvements in local governance and public service provision.
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Brødsgaard, Kjeld Erik. "Institutional Reform and the Bianzhi System in China." China Quarterly 170 (June 2002): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902000232.
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The article addresses the important issue of the bianzhi system and the role this system plays in governing China at the central and the local level. In making a critical distinction between nomenklatura and bianzhi, loosely translated as “establishment of posts,” the article provides a new perspective on key issues and concepts in the Chinese administrative reform process. The ultimate aim of the process is to create a leaner and more efficient public sector by shedding non-essential functions and by downsizing the bureaucracy. Two cases are used as illustrations of the issues and problems involved. The first is a discussion of central-level reform with a special emphasis on the reorganization of the Ministry of Personnel in 1998. The second is an analysis of local reform with a focus on the experiment of “small government, big society” in Hainan province. Both cases illustrate the difficulties in sustaining administrative reform. Discarded public administrative functions tend to re-emerge, displaced bureaucrats will seek to return to their former position and the Party is reluctant to allow the creation of better public administration at the expense of Party control.