Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chinese administration reform

Academic literature on the topic 'Chinese administration reform'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chinese administration reform"

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Cheng-tian, Kuo. "Chinese Religious Reform." Asian Survey 51, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 1042–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2011.51.6.1042.

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Abstract The Chinese Christian Patriotic Education campaign demonstrates that the party-state has adapted itself to the religious politics among various public and private institutional actors, pivotally coordinated by the relatively liberal State Administration for Religious Affairs. Consequentially, religious freedom in China has made slow but significant progress in the past decade.
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Christensen, Tom, Dong Lisheng, and Martin Painter. "Administrative reform in China's central government — how much `learning from the West'?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 74, no. 3 (September 2008): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852308095308.

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The prevailing interpretation in the scholarly literature is that public sector reform in China during the period of marketization has been driven primarily by internal, contextual factors rather than being under the sway of particular global reform models or theories such as New Public Management. The aim of this article is to move beyond arguing from inference that `Chinese characteristics' continue to be dominant and to inquire into the manner and extent of external influences on central government reform actors. We assume a `multi-causal' model in which both internal and external factors are present. From a survey of the literature on the reforms, we conclude that, while there are some `unique' features, most of the themes (and even the results) of modern Chinese reforms are not unique and have parallels in Western countries. Moreover, aside from the similarities in the content and substance of administrative reforms, the patterns and styles of reform in China and in the West in the past 20 years show marked similarities and parallels. Thus, external reform ideas and influences are being diffused through reform processes. Further empirical and theoretical analysis is required to establish the more specific nature of scanning and dissemination, or other forms of diffusion; the kind of learning that is taking place; and the impact that any imported models or templates actually have on reform proposals and outcomes in particular reform episodes. Points for practitioners • Whereas many scholars tend to believe the lip service the Chinese leaders pay to the `uniqueness' of China's public sector reforms and their `Chinese characteristics', their leaders have been very eager to `learn from the West'. • Emulation and learning at a global level are key aspects of contemporary public sector innovation and reform, even between jurisdictions that are seemingly very different from each other. • The development of sophisticated mechanisms for scanning and selective learning are key requirements for a rapidly developing public sector such as China's.
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Aufrecht, Steven E., and Li Siu Bun. "Reform with Chinese Characteristics: The Context of Chinese Civil Service Reform." Public Administration Review 55, no. 2 (March 1995): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/977183.

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Zhou, Guanghui. "Political Reform in China in the 1990s: Implications for the Future." Chinese Public Administration Review 2, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v2i1.2.36.

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Chinese political reform in the 1980s was concentrated largely on reversing many of the affects of the Cultural Revolution, such as the “personality cult” and the altitude of “what I say goes,” and improving efficiency through streamlining administration and delegating power to the lower levels. The reforms of that decade demonstrate a certain passivity and vacillation. In comparison, the political reforms enacted in the 1990s tended to be theoretically conscious, entailing a progressive advancing political reform, which promoted change at many levels, concerning relationship between micro and macro, central and local, and state and society. Autonomy, internationality, and progressiveness were the key characteristics of Chinese political reform in the 1990s. In the near future, political reform in China will begin storming age-old fortifications, and only through uninterrupted institutional innovation can China effectively avoid a cataclysm from an “explosion of participation.”
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Yang, Zhuan Zhi. "Reform of the System of Local Administration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1611.

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This paper describes the formation and change of Chinese local administration system , and pointed out the shortcomings of its existence with a series of reform measures, so that the local administration system has been improved and strengthened, adapted to the local development of the socialist market economy needs , and ultimately to promote the development of social productive forces.
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Zhang, Mengzhong, and Marc Holzer. "Chinese Administrative Reforms: A Replica or Derivative of the Western NPM Model?" Chinese Public Administration Review 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v8i1.142.

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At the theoretical level in the public administration community, there is an ongoing debate as to whether public administration principles can be universally applied to any country or whether they are bounded by political, economic, social, cultural, historical, environmental and traditional factors. While there is an increasing observation in the 21st century that convergence of administrative reforms between developing and developed countries has great momentum, this paper argues that national context plays a significant (if not vital) role in a specific country’s administrative reforms. To put this argument in context, the paper examines similar and dissimilar features of Chinese administrative reforms with that of USA, with a conclusion that Chinese administrative reform is not a replica, but rather a derivative, of the Western NPM Model.
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Li, Xiufeng. "The SARS Crisis and the Prospect of Chinese Government Reform." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 18, no. 1 (August 31, 2003): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps18104.

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For China, the SARS calamity has a great impact on its steadily developing economy, society and politics. At the same time it provides an opportunity because SARS changed the original Chinese living habits, ways of working and worldview. This paper is to analyze the effect of the crisis on the Chinese public administration and the direction of Chinese government's reform by focusing on the research of the revealed drawbacks in the management of Chinese government and the measures taken by Chinese government during the SARS crisis. Research shows that there are many deep-rooted problems. For example, in the spreading and early handling stages of SARS, the Chinese government did not perform adequately: non-profit departments were not well developed, governments at all levels refused to cooperate, there were no emergency institutions to deal with the crisis, officials were unqualified and the administration is closed and undemocratic. However, the measures taken during the SARS crisis also showed the crisis promoted the transformation of Chinese government further from a controlling government to a service oriented government, from a closed government to transparent and open government, from a government ruled by individuals to a government ruled by law. Meanwhile the crisis suggests that the administrative system is facing new adjustment and development.
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Chamberlain, Heath B. "Party-Management Relations in Chinese Industries: Some Political Dimensions of Economic Reform." China Quarterly 112 (December 1987): 631–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000027144.

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Enterprise Party–management relations lie at the intersection of two major reform efforts in present-day China–one aimed at decentralizing economic power through the “invigoration” of large and medium-scale industries, the other aimed at deconcentrating political power through the separation of Party from administration. Common to both reform efforts and critical to each is the area of Party–management relations. As an important issue in enterprise reform, on the one hand, it is central to the Chinese leadership's current drive to restructure the urban economy and, indeed, the entire national economy.1 On the other hand, as a crucial test of the leadership's ability to render the Communist Party more authoritative but less intrusive in day-to-day affairs, it is also central to current political reforms. While it might be too much to claim that the issue of Party–management relations is the key link in the leadership's overall modernization drive, unquestionably the failure to resolve the issue will seriously cripple its economic and political reform efforts.
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Ma, Qiongli. "Research on Institutional Advantages and Dilemma of Contemporary Chinese Public Participation in Public Administration." Scientific and Social Research 3, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i5.1195.

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Based on the background that China is accelerating socialist administrative management reform with Chinese characteristics, this paper selects public participation in public administration as a research object and outlines the existing institutional arrangement of public participation in public administration. By focusing on the institutional advantages and dilemma of Chinese public participation in public administration, the paper analyzes from the national macro level, local government medium level and grassroots micro level and further proposes the suggestions on the ways to promote Chinese public participation in public administration.
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Kobets, Petr N. "The Establishment, Functioning and Reformation of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China." State power and local self-government 2 (January 26, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2021-2-56-60.

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One of the primary roles in China’s public administration system is assigned to the state Council of the country. Currently, many researchers have an increased interest in this state body, which performs the functions of the country’s government and is the highest Executive authority. In this regard, the author set a task to study the features of the formation, functioning and reform of this public authority, which performs the function of the country’s government. As a result of the research, the author notes that the formation of the Chinese State Council has a long way to go, from the creation of rural administrations in the 1930s, to the formation of the Central people’s government in the 1950s and its regular reform until now. And if in the early period of the people’s Republic of China, the country’s Communist party together with the government were a single entity, then in the late 1970s, their functions were gradually distributed, and the government smoothly moved to independent day-to-day management of the state. Therefore, today the Communist party makes strategic decisions that determine the state’s policy, and government structures implement this policy, focusing on solving economic problems, leaving the issues of ideology, personnel and security to the Communist party. Special attention was paid to the modern features of the reform of the State Council, which is taking place within the framework of structural transformations carried out in the form of in-depth reforms of public administration institutions initiated in 2017 by the XIX Congress of the Chinese Communist party.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chinese administration reform"

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Lu, Yuan. "A longitudinal study of Chinese managerial behaviour : an inside view of decision-making under the economic reform." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10861/.

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This research compared decision making processes in six Chinese state-owned enterprises during the period 1985 to 1988. The research objectives were: a) To examine changes in the managerial behaviour over a period of 1985 to 1988 with a focus on decision-making; b) Through this examination, to throw light on the means by which government policies on economic reform were implemented at the enterprise level; c) To illustrate problems encountered in the decentralization programme which was a major part of China's economic reform. The research was conducted by means of intensive interviews with more than eighty managers and a survey of documents relating to specific decisions. A total of sixty cases of decision-making were selected from five decision topics: purchasing of inputs, pricing of outputs, recruitment of labour, organizational change and innovation, which occurred in 1985 (or before) and in 1988/89. Data from the interviews were used to investigate environmental conditions, relations between the enterprise and its higher authority, interactions between management and the party system, the role of information, and effectiveness of regulations and government policies on enterprise management. The analysis of the data indicates that the decision processes in the different enterprises have some similarities in regard to actor involvement, the flow of decision activities, interactions with the authorities, information usage and the effect of regulations. Comparison of the same or similar decision contents over time indicates that the achievement of decentralization varied according to the topic of decision. Managerial authority was delegated to enterprises when the authorities relaxed their control over resource allocation. When acquisition of necessary resources is dependent upon the planning system or the decision matter is sensitive, because it involves change to the institutional framework (e.g. the Party), then a high degree of centralization was retained, resulting in a marginal change in managerial behaviour. The economic reform failed to increase decision efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making. The prevailing institutional frameworks were regarded as negative to the change. The research argues that the decision process is likely to be more contingent on the decision content than the organization. Three types of decision process have been conceptualized, each of them related to a certain type of decision content. This argument gives attention to the perspectives of institution and power in a way which facilitates an elaboration of organizational analysis. The problems encountered in the reform of China's industrial enterprises are identified and discussed. General recommendations for policies of further reform are offered, based on the analysis of decision process and managerial behaviour.
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Zhang, Yinfang. "The impact of the post-1993 economic reforms on Chinese state-owned enterprises : evidence from the electronics industry." Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10749/.

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This thesis tries to assess the impact of the reforms after 1993, especially the so-called Modern Enterprise System, on the behaviour and management practices of state firms. The central research question is whether the new rounds of economic reform have changed state firms into commercial entities operating according to market signals, as intended. In order to explore this question, an institutional approach is employed. More specifically, the thesis examines how the behaviour and management practices of state enterprises have changed with changes in the institutional environmental resulting from the introduction of new reform measures and especially the MES. The main evidence used in this research comes from the Chinese electronics industry (CEI). Non-state firms, namely collectives and joint ventures, are involved in the study to provide a benchmark against which changes in the behaviour of state firms in the mid and late 1990s are compared. A comparative statistical analysis shows that state-owned firms, both traditional and corporatised ones, still lag behind collectives and joint ventures in terms of both labour and total factor productivity. The further empirical work of this research consists of a questionnaire survey and case studies that are based on interviews with senior managers of 17 firms in the CEI. The findings of these analyses suggest that there has been little fundamental change in the behaviour pattern of state firms in the 1990s, despite the introduction of the Modern Enterprise System, and that the economic reforms after 1993 so far seem to have failed to transform the state firms into commercial entities operating according to market signals.
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"中国內地课程改革下的教師合作: 南京兩所小学的个案研究 = Teacher collaboration in the context of curriculum reform in the Chinese mainland : a case study of two primary schools in Nanjing." 2014. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6115519.

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全球教育改革情境下，国际教育政策议论聚焦于教师在实践中的专业发展，并希冀发展专业学习社群。专业学习社群经由教师互动沟通逐步建构而来，其发展有赖于教师合作的持续开展。回应全球教育改革浪潮，中国内地致力于通过校本教研政策增进教师合作，以促进教师专业发展。
本研究以实践社群为理论视角，从南京市两所个案小学选取37名教师，就其对合作的参与、诠释和理解开展深入访谈，并辅以文本搜集和观察，试图探讨校本教研中教师合作开展意义协商的过程。
研究所见，教师合作处于校本教研政策引导之下，在科层结构体系中制度化为校本教研教师社群。教师社群在意义协商过程中发展出服从权威、注重和谐、感情和认知并行的沟通规范，以便合作达成工作任务。工具理性之下，教师社群追求短期效用最大化，定位于实用性教学技能再生产。
本研究深化了教师参与合作过程的探讨，发展出校本教研意义协商的本土理解，并回应了实践社群、专业学习社群和教师专业性的学术讨论。在社群层面，教师在科层官僚体制下发展出学科社群。在知识领域层面，区教育行政部门主导教研方向。在实务层面，教师分工完成及共享课程规范流程、教案和公开课。在沟通规范层面，教师社群遵从集权式领导，在情感和认知的支持下合力完成技术性工作任务。由于以和谐之名规避不同见解和争议，教师社群并未发展出建设性争议。在实践定位层面，教师社群实践主要定位于问题解决，重教学技能操作再生产，约制了潜在的发展路向和交流空间。教师以多种不同的方式参与教师社群当中，基于不同的发展阶段及个人选择，呈现出多元发展轨迹。个案学校校本教研并未发展成专业学习社群。教师的专业性基于不同的职业生涯阶段，呈现出复合专业性。
校本教研教师社群可考虑拓展外延，并通过支持非正式微社群、鼓励参与以提升内涵。教师合作宜摒弃技术取向，开展开放式专业对话，加强专业对话的自我反思，突破模仿借鉴的限制，拓展再专业化空间。
In the context of global education reform movement, teacher professional development has received much attention in international education arena. It is considered to be a potential way for school-based teacher development develops to be professional learning communities (PLCs). PLCs are viewed to be constructed gradually through teacher interactions and communications. The development of PLCs is tightly related to the continuing teacher collaboration. In response to the wave of global education reform, the Chinese mainland implements school-based teacher development policies to encourage teacher collaboration.
Informed by the theory of communities of practice (CoP), this study adopts a case study approach to explore the process of negotiation of meaning in teacher collaboration in school-based teaching and research. In-depth interviews were conducted on 37 teachers in two primary schools to collect data on teachers’ perception, understanding and participation in collaboration. Observations and document collection were also carried out to collect data to map out a more detailed picture.
Findings revealed that teacher collaboration was institutionalized as subject teacher communities in hierarchical structure system, guided by the policies of school-based teacher development in District Education Bureau. In the process of negotiation of meaning, teacher communities developed into three major norms of interaction: obedience to authority, relational harmony, emotional and cognitive support being combined. With the principle of instrumental rationality, teachers pursued the maximization of short-term utilizing teaching materials. Teacher collaboration was oriented towards the reproduction of teaching skills.
This study enriches the academic discussion on the process of teacher collaboration, develops local understanding of negotiation of meaning in school-based teacher development, and makes theoretical contributions to the international academic discussion on the understanding of CoP, PLCs and teacher professionalism. Concerning the teacher community, teachers were guided to develop subject communities in hierarchical structure system. For the knowledge boundry, district administrators led the direction of school-based teacher development. Regarding the practices, teachers worked together and shared standardized course procedures, teaching plans and open lessons. Concerning the norms of interaction, teacher followed patriarchal leadership, provided emotional and cognitive support reciprocally, and worked together to finish technical tasks. As divergent ideas and opinions were avoided for the sake of harmony, teacher community did not generate constructive conflict. Regarding the orientation of practice, teacher community targeted problem solving, laid emphasize on the reproduction of teaching skills, and limited the potential space for teacher communication. Teacher professionalism underwent a mixed effect based on developmental stages and personal choices. Subject teacher groups were not developed into PLCs in our case schools, but they demonstrated unique local features. Teachers showed divergent learning trajectories in their professional career within the teacher community.
It would help to extend external boundary of communities through developing networked learning communities. The capacity of communities would be cultivated through supporting informal micro-communities and encouraging participation. Teacher collaboration should abandon technical approach, and open professional dialogues should be encouraged. Enhancing reflection in the process of professional dialogues helps to nurture professional judgment to extend professional space.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
乔雪峰.
Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 263-279).
Abstracts also in English.
Qiao Xuefeng.
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Books on the topic "Chinese administration reform"

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Chinese policing: History and reform. New York: Peter Lang, 2008.

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1953-, Segal Gerald, and Royal Institute of International Affairs., eds. Chinese politics and foreign policy reform. London: Kegan Paul for Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1990.

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Si fa gai ge de Zhongguo mo shi: Chinese model of judicial reform. Beijing Shi: Fa lü chu ban she, 2011.

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Zhongguo xing zheng gai ge qian yan shi dian: Advanced outlook on Chinese administrative reform. Beijing: Zhongguo ren min da xue chu ban she, 2008.

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Zhongguo chuan tong si fa yu si fa chuan tong: Chinese traditional justice and the tradition of justice. Xi'an Shi: Shanxi shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2009.

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Han, Zhengrui. Legal communication of Chinese judiciary: A discourse-based view. Bern: P. LANG, 2012.

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M, Lampton David, ed. The making of Chinese foreign and security policy in the era of reform, 1978-2000. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2001.

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Chinese justice: Civil dispute resolution in contemporary China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Chelan, Li Linda, ed. The Chinese state in transition: Processes and contests in local China. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2008.

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Chauncey, Helen R. (Helen Roberta). Schoolhouse politicians: Locality and state during the Chinese Republic. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chinese administration reform"

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WANG, Yukai. "Optimizing Government Structure with Vertical Administrative Reform." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 149–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2693-7_12.

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Ma, Huaide, and Jingbo Wang. "The Reform of Administrative Examination and Approval System and Administrative Permission." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 27–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0999-1_3.

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WANG, Yukai. "Reforms to the Administrative System in China, 2008–2012." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 13–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2693-7_2.

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Zang, Leizhen. "Balancing Local Concerns and Global Views: Western Administrative Theory in China’s Reform Practices." In Re-understanding of Contemporary Chinese Political Development, 3–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1250-2_1.

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WANG, Yukai. "An Outline of the History of Administrative Reforms in China." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 3–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2693-7_1.

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WANG, Yukai. "The 2013 Administrative Reforms Centered on the Transformation of the Government Functions." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 39–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2693-7_4.

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WANG, Yukai. "Assessment: Analysis of Results from the Survey on Reforms to the Administrative System in China (2013)." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 51–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2693-7_5.

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WANG, Yukai. "Assessment: Analysis of Results from the Survey on Reforms to the Administrative System in China (2008–2012)." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 27–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2693-7_3.

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Dean, Austin. "Provincial Silver Coins and the Fragmenting Chinese Monetary System, 1887–1900." In China and the End of Global Silver, 1873-1937, 43–62. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752407.003.0004.

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This chapter mentions Qing officials in the 1880s who believed the influx of foreign silver coins was a negative development that had to be opposed as it represented a violation of the dynasty's economic rights. It argues that strengthening the dynasty with more revenue was not the same as creating a unified national monetary system, which was an emerging goal for figures in the late Qing. It also introduces and analyzes disagreements within China about how to reform the coinage and monetary system in the context of political decentralization, including the role of silver. The chapter focuses on the intellectual and economic impetus to mint coins, as well as the problems of mint administration. It examines the tension between the power of provincial officials and the Qing central government, which acted as a constraint on the currency reform and state-building activities of the dynasty.
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Zhou, Ping, Dongjuan Lv, and Ying Chen. "The Study of Intellectual Property Protection System." In The Belt and Road Strategy in International Business and Administration, 58–66. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8440-7.ch004.

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The “One Belt One Road” strategy is the abbreviation of “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road.” In September and October of 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed to build the cooperation initiative of “New Silk Road Economic Belt” and “The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.” President Xi Jinping projected to establish the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” during his visit in Indonesia in October 2013. Finally, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Ministry of Commerce cooperatively issued the “Vision and Action for Promoting the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road” on March 28, 2015. The “One Belt One Road” countries were key areas of cooperation in the context of China's policy in communication, road connectivity, smooth trade, currency circulation, people's mutual understanding, strategic coordination to strengthen bilateral and multilateral teamwork, and corresponding development.
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Conference papers on the topic "Chinese administration reform"

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Wang, Lina. "The Reform and Innovation on Bilingual Teaching of Business Administration Discipline in Chinese Universities." In 2nd International Conference on Education, Management and Social Science (ICEMSS 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemss-14.2014.107.

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Luan, Xiaoying, and Yi Zhang. "A study on the mode of public participation in Chinese urban design under the concept of multi-body participation. Community building oriented with multi-age participation." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gxie2200.

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With the society and economy of China entering the transition period, people's requirements for urban life show a trend of diversification and high standards. Urban design is no longer limited to physical space but starts to carry out multi-angle and multi-level comprehensive consideration on the social and spatial problems of symbiosis. In this context, the innovative social governance and the quality improvement of urban public space that highlights the role of the public have become hot topics. As the main body of city users, ordinary people entering into the deep and substantial participation from the superficial and symbolic is the only way for urban design to transform from the expert-led "optimal scheme" to the "reasonable scheme" recognized by pluralistic bodies. In the process of western democratic politics, the participation theory that focuses on the construction of micro democracy is prevalent, and the public participation based on pluralism has become the theoretical basis for the planning participation. Besides, the concept of communicative planning and collaborative planning, which emphasize cooperation and consultation, also enriches the connotation of multiple participation. Due to different systems and awareness, it is difficult to promote public participation under China's national conditions. Community building, the interdisciplinary product of urban design and social governance under communities, is regarded as the experimental field for participating in the reform. Therefore, under the current administrative system and regulations, this paper tries to make use of the grass-roots management mode with Chinese characteristics to establish an inclusive multi-participation mechanism. It allows residents of different ages can go deep into the process of community building by taking the family unit. Meanwhile, some suggestions and strategies are raised for effective participation. We hope the bottom-up process of urban design in microscale can be an effective instrument to reflect the public's will and repair social relations at the same time, while explore and solve urban problems in diverse cooperation.
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Lu, Qing, Liyan Xu, Zhen Cai, and Xiao Peng. "The spectrum of metropolitan areas across the world, and detection of potential metropolitan areas with Chinese characteristics." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sdgu8646.

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When people talk about the Metropolitan Area (MA), they mean differently in different parts of the world with different contexts. Based on its spatial extent, internal structure, socio-economic function, and network characteristics, an MA can refer to various entities from a metropolis to a Megacity-region. In an effort to clarify the MA concept, we review the origin of the MA concept and its development in various parts of the world, especially the United States, Japan and China, so as to propose a spectrum of MAs, and their relationship with specific human and natural geographical contexts. Particularly, we find MAs in China typically have a unique three-circle structure, which is composed of a core circle, a commuting circle, and a functional metropolitan circle. By international comparable standards which include factors such as population density, facility density, and economic activity intensity, and adjusted with reasonable context-dependent considerations in China, the three circles are designated as follows: the spatial extent with the highest development intensity and assuming a central regional role is identified as the core circle; the districts and counties around the core circle with a commuting rate greater than 10% are identified as the commuting circle; and the districts and counties within an one-hour accessible zone are identified as the functional metropolitan circle. To test the model, we utilize eight sources of big data covering ecological background, population, economy, transportation, real estate, land use, infrastructure, and culture characteristics, and with a fusion analysis of the data we show how the factors combined give rise to the three-circle structure in typical Chinese MAs, and why the combination of the same factors in the US and Japanese contexts works otherwise to fill different niches in the spectrum of MAs mentioned above. For a further inquiry, within the framework of the same model and using the same dataset, we identify 32 cities from all 338 prefecture-level cities in China that would qualify as an MA or potential MA, which we call “the Metropolitan Areas with Chinese Characteristics”, and designate the spatial extent of the three circles within each of the MAs. Additional analyses are also conducted to locate the main development corridors, key growth poles, and currently underdeveloped regions in each of the MAs. We conclude the paper with discussions of potential challenges of MA development in China vis-a-vis current policies, such as cross-administration collaboration between jurisdictions within the same MA, and cross-scale collaboration between MAs, cities, and city groups. Placing the research in the global context, and considering the vast similarities between China and other developing countries in terms of population density, land resources, urbanization level, and socio-economic development status in general, we argue that China’s model of MAs may be also applicable to other developing countries. Therefore, this research may shed lights to planning researchers and practitioners around the world, especially in developing countries in understanding the development conditions of MAs in their own contexts, and also in methods for identifying and planning potential MAs to achieve their specific policy objectives.
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