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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinari'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Goldstein, Darra. "Zabolotskii and Filonov: The Science of Composition." Slavic Review 48, no. 4 (1989): 578–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499784.

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In 1927 Nikolai Zabolotskii first began making public appearances with the young Leningrad poets Daniil Kharms and Aleksandr Vvedenskii. Kharms and Vvedenskii had been allied in an informal group called the Chinari, a name Kharms intended to signify “enfants terribles.“ In the autumn of 1927, however, they decided to join with Zabolotskii in the OBERIU (Ob“edinenie real'nogo iskusstva). The nucleus of this group was composed of Zabolotskii, Kharms, Vvedenskii, Konstantin Vaginov, Igor’ Bakhterev, and Boris Levin, although at various times others participated in the OBERIU performances. It was not necessarily easy to become allied with the group: Kharms and Zabolotskii would test the creative potential of candidates by having them answer questions like “Where is your nose?” and “What is your favorite dish?“The OBERIU held readings in dormitories and military sections and at the Union of Poets and the Institute of the History of the Arts.

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2

Yaseen, Muhammad, Ijaz Ahmad, Jiali Guo, Muhammad Imran Azam, and Yasir Latif. "Spatiotemporal Variability in the Hydrometeorological Time-Series over Upper Indus River Basin of Pakistan." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5852760.

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This paper investigates the spatiotemporal variability in hydrometeorological time-series to evaluate the current and future scenarios of water resources availability from upper Indus basin (UIB). Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator tests were used to analyze the variability in the temperature, precipitation, and streamflow time-series data at 27 meteorological stations and 34 hydrological stations for the period of 1963 to 2014. The time-series data of entire study period were divided into two equal subseries of 26 years each (1963–1988 and 1989–2014) to assess the overlapping aspect of climate change acceleration over UIB. The results showed a warming pattern at low altitude stations, while a cooling tendency was detected at high-altitude stations. An increase in streamflow was detected during winter and spring seasons at all hydrological stations, whereas the streamflow in summer and autumn seasons exhibited decreasing trends. The annual precipitation showed a significant decreasing trend at ten stations, while a significant increasing trend was observed at Kohat station during second subseries of the study period. The most significant winter drying trends were observed at Gupis, Chitral, Garidopatta, and Naran stations of magnitude of 47%, 13%, 25%, and 18%, respectively, during the second subseries. The annual runoff exhibited significant deceasing trends over Jhelum subbasin at Azad Pattan, Chinari, Domel Kohala, Muzaffarabad, and Palote, while within Indus basin at Chahan, Gurriala, Khairabad, Karora, and Kalam in the second time-series. It is believed that the results of this study will be helpful for the decision-makers to develop strategies for planning and development of future water resources projects.

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Prakoso, Septyanto Galan, Andriyansyah Perdana Murtyantoro, and Meisya Putri Intan Cahyani. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: China's Strategic Ambition." JURNAL ILMU SOSIAL 18, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jis.18.2.2019.81-92.

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China’s Silk Road concept known as Belt and Road Initiative (B&R) by Xi Jinping aims at strengthening China’s economic power. One part of the initiative is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Using a qualitative descriptive method, we attempt to explain how China and Pakistan integrate themselves in several aspects such as economic, military and politics. The CPEC establishment falls under the intention of both countries to gain more advantage in several aspects. The main objective of this journal is to explain non-economic and also economic interests behind China and Pakistan relations especially China’s strategic and geopolitical interests. This journal also analyzes Chinese counter-measures against Indian influence in the Indian Ocean. The conclusion of this research shows that China gain more benefits from CPEC especially after the deployment of China’s Navy into the Gwadar Sea Port.

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4

Zhenhui, Zhang. "Literatura polska w Chinach i wymiana kulturalna między Polską a Chinami. Zapiski tłumacza." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka, no. 40 (September 14, 2021): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsl.2021.40.9.

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The article is an introduction into the presence of Polish literature in China from the perspective of one of its most active researchers and translators. The author describes his fascination with Bolesław Prus’s work that resulted in the Chinese translation of Lalka (The Doll) and his work on two-volume Historia literatury polskiej (The history of Polish literature) aimed at Chinese readers.

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5

Goodman, David S. G., and Minglu Chen. "Reportando México en China: ‘la economía de China se está desarrollando de manera robusta y rápida’." México y la Cuenca del Pacífico 8, no. 22 (January 1, 2019): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v8i22.600.

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6

Zawadzki, Jarosław. "Outline of the Qing Law." Roczniki Humanistyczne 62, no. 9 (October 21, 2019): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/10.18290/rh.2019.67.11-7.

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Zarys prawa Qing Artykuł jest próbą zarysu prawa chińskiego za czasów Qing, ostatniej dynastii rządzącej Chinami. Przedstawia on moralne i filozoficzne podstawy, na których został zbudowany tradycyjny chiński system prawny długo przed dojściem do władzy cesarzy Machu. Autor artykułu stwierdza również, że to kultura, a nie natura określa prawo i moralność, a idea etyki uniwersalnej jest utopią. Istnieją pewne różnice między prawem zachodnim a jego chińskim odpowiednikiem. Niektóre przepisy Kodeksu Qing mogą być dla nas dzisiaj zaskakujące, chociaż łatwo je zrozumieć, jeśli bliżej im się przyjrzeć. Z chińskiego punktu widzenia prawo zachodnioeuropejskie można nazwać „nowoczesnym”, bo zostało przyjęte we współczesnych Chinach od początku XX wieku. W artykule pada propozycja odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego Chiny zostały zmuszone do porzucenia swojej tradycji prawnej i przyjęcia w jego miejsce zachodniego prawa kontynentalnego.

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7

Darmawan, Arief Bakhtiar. "Japan’s Balanced Strategy to Face China’s Threat in South China Sea Dispute." JURNAL ILMU SOSIAL 19, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jis.19.2.2020.137-159.

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This paper aims to analyze Japan’s foreign policy related to the dispute in the South China Sea (SCS). Even though Japan has no sovereignty claims, it has considerable interests in the SCS region. Japan, which is poor in natural resources, depends on energy imports, most of which are shipped through SCS. As an advanced industrial state, Japan must continue to meet domestic energy demand. However, the SCS area has a potential conflict due to Chinese assertive behavior as the main factor that could threaten Japanese interests. The author use qualitative method with relevant literature studies and official government documentation to conduct a descriptive analysis of the research findings. The results of the study indicate that Japan is implementing a balanced strategy to deal with the potential threat of China. Balancing against threats is conducted in internal ways, e.g. internal reinforcement, and external ways, e.g. forming and strengthening cooperation with other countries outside the United States (US). Since Japan's limitations in military aspect hindered their internal reinforcement, this study emphasizes Japan's external balance strategy. The increasingly dubious US commitment in the Asia Pacific has made Japan strengthen defense cooperation with Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. The three countries have interest in SCS and provide access that conforms to Japanese interests.

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8

Yang, Dali. "Patterns of China's Regional Development Strategy." China Quarterly 122 (June 1990): 230–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000008778.

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The purpose of this article is to compare and contrast China's approaches to regional industrial development in the Maoist and post-Mao periods. By focusing on patterns of investment and regional shares of gross value of industrial output (GVIO), this article will argue that China's regional industrialization strategy has changed to one of uneven regional growth in the post-Mao period from the Maoist emphasis on eradicating regional industrial disparities through interior–orientated investments. In short, the post-Mao Chinese leadership has not only relaxed its Incantation of the Golden Hoop, or strait-jacket on the coastal region but has come to rely on the coastal region to provide the “engine of growth” for China's economic development.For the sake of simplicity, I will call the development strategy of the 1953–78 period the “Maoist development strategy.” Though it varied in degrees in different sub-periods, the Maoist strategy dominated China's industrialization efforts until it gradually faded out in the late 1970s. It relied on heavily redistributive measures in an attempt to equalize regional economic development, emphasized- Extensive rather than intensive modes of economic growth, and allowed no foreign direct investment in China.In contrast, the post-Mao Chinese leadership has gradually, but decidedly, reversed the Maoist model and come to adopt a new development strategy. This new strategy, which, for lack of a better term, I shall call the “uneven development strategy,” represents another attempt to bring China out of economic backwardness. Focusing on economic results, the new strategy emphasizes regional comparative advantage, accepts regional disparities as inevitable, encourages foreign investment and international interaction, and seeks to foster technological innovation.

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9

Yuan, X., G. Qiao, Y. Li, H. Li, and R. Xu. "MODELLING OF GLACIER AND ICE SHEET MICRO-TOPOGRAPHY BASED ON UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE DATA, ANTARCTICA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-919-2020.

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Abstract. Modelling of glacier and ice sheet micro-topography is meaningful for the understanding of interactions between local ice mass and climate. Here, we used an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform composed of a DJI Phantom 4 and a D-RTK mobile station to model the surface micro-topography around Zhongshan Station of China, East Antarctica. Two UAV survey types (vertical and oblique aerial photogrammetry) were performed during the China's 35th Antarctic expedition (CHINARE) in 2018–2019. Six surveys were obtained by the SfM-MVS technology. Then, we extracted the features of glacier surface micro-topography (blue ice, crevasses, ice doline and melt-water). It’s noteworthy that traces of melt-water and a large ice doline appeared on the surface of Dalk Glacier in December 2018. Finally, we concluded that surface micro-topographic features, observable in the UAV-derived models but unavailable on satellite images, may reveal hints for interactions between surface and beneath processes in regional polar glacier.

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He, Xiao Dong, Shuang He Shen, and Shi Guang Miao. "Applications of Fisheye Imagery in Urban Environment: A Case Based Study in Nanjing." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4870.

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Urban greening helps cooling and humidifying the air; shading provided by buildings also affects outdoor thermal environment. Therefore, they both influence the thermal perceptions of people in outdoor spaces. The sky view factor (SVF) is a commonly used parameter in the research on urban climate, indicates the relationship between the visible area of the sky and the area covered by urban structures. The current paper first gives a brief introduction of the SVF and fisheye imagery. It then describes a method conducted to estimate SVF for urban environment analysis by using fisheye lenses and applying the ENVI platform as well. Finally, micro-climate characteristics over three typical urban underlying surfaces, including sunlit asphalt roads, shaded roads by building and by chinars were analyzed based on on-site observations. For a high-density city such as Nanjing, the present study reveals that the higher building shaded, chinar canopy density, and the lower sky transmittance, humidification and cooling of the air is more significant under the same climate condition and the same road. For benefiting urban environmental planning and assessment in high-density cities, more cases simulation with different combinations of factors are needed, which can provide a set of better greening guides and the optimal shading level.

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11

Rickards, Guy. "Chinary Ung." Tempo 59, no. 233 (June 21, 2005): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298205290253.

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CHINARY UNG: Spiral VI; Seven Mirrors; Grand Alap; Grand Spiral (‘Desert Flowers Bloom’). Quake, Gloria Cheng (pno), Walter Gray (vc), Rob Tucker (perc). La Jolla Symphony Orchestra c. Harvey Sollberger. New World 80619-2.

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12

Zagoria, Donald S., and Liu Binyan. "China's Crisis, China's Hope." Foreign Affairs 69, no. 5 (1990): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044677.

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13

He, Y., G. Qiao, H. Li, X. Yuan, and Y. Li. "UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE DERIVED 3D MODEL EVALUATION BASED ON ICESAT-2 FOR ICE SURFACE MICRO-TOPOGRAPHY ANALYSIS IN EAST ANTARCTICA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 28, 2021): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-463-2021.

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Abstract. Modelling of ice sheet micro-topography based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is meaningful for the understanding of interactions between local ice mass and climate. 3D reconstruction based on UAV has advantages that satellite remote sensing cannot replace. Here, the surface micro-topography measurement was performed during the China's 36th Antarctic expedition (CHINARE) in 2019–2020, using an UAV platform composed of a DJI Phantom 4 and a D-RTK GNSS mobile station around Zhongshan Station of China. Then, four partly overlapped models were obtained by the SfM-MVS technology. Affected by the complex environment factors, the performance of this technology sometimes is challenged over the marginal Antarctic Ice Sheet. Satellite altimetry is one of the most essential technologies for land ice surface elevation measurements, widely used in regional or global ice mass balance estimations.We use the land ice surface heights with high accuracy derived from the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) to compare with the UAV-derived models. Combined with the high precision and space-time resolution of ICESat-2 satellite altimetry, the results of the model were evaluated under different terrain conditions. It has been certified that the derived models without extra GCPs were capable of detecting the surface micro-topographic features if considering the potential factors, which can be popularized and developed in polar research.

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14

XIE, HUAN, RONGXING LI, XIAOHUA TONG, XIAOLEI JU, JUN LIU, YUNZHONG SHEN, LEI CHEN, et al. "A comparative study of changes in the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf system, East Antarctica, during 2004–2008 using gravity and surface elevation observations." Journal of Glaciology 62, no. 235 (June 16, 2016): 888–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.76.

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ABSTRACTWe present results of a regional comparative study of surface mass changes from 2004 to 2008 based on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), The Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) and CHINARE observations over the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf system (LAS). Estimation of the ICESat mass change rates benefitted from the density measurements along the CHINARE traverse and a spatial density adjustment method for reducing the effect of spatial density variations. In the high-elevation inland region, a positive trend was estimated from both ICESat and GRACE data, which is in line with the CHINARE accumulation measurements. In the coastal region, there were areas with high level accumulations in both ICESat and GRACE trend maps. In many high flow-speed glacier areas, negative mass change rates may be caused by dynamic ice flow discharges that have surpassed the snow accumulation. Overall, the mass change rate estimate in the LAS of 2004–2008 from the GRACE, ICESat and CHINARE data is 5.41 ± 4.59 Gt a−1, indicating a balanced to slightly positive mass trend. Along with other published results, this suggests that a longer-term positive mass trend in the LAS may have slowed in recent years.

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15

Reeves, Jeffrey. "Structural Power, the Copenhagen School and Threats to Chinese Security." China Quarterly 217 (January 2, 2014): 140–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741013001458.

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AbstractThis article engages with current debates surrounding China's security by employing the concept of structural power and the Copenhagen School approach to security studies to measure threats to China's security. Building on existing Chinese and English language research on China's security drivers, the article develops a mechanism for determining how China's economic relations with small states in Asia negatively affect their domestic stability and how this instability then loops back to undermine China's strategic position. The article uses China's relations with Cambodia, Nepal and Mongolia as case studies.

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16

Tuan, Ta. "Normalizacja stosunków Wietnamu z Chinami." Azja-Pacyfik 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2001): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ap200112.

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17

Ustinov, Andrei B. "“Chinary” in M. Kuzmin’s Journals." Literary Fact, no. 19 (2021): 200–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2021-19-200-252.

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The paper presents selected records from Mikhail Kuzmin’s diary that deal with – directly or indirectly – Daniil Kharms and his literary associates since the first mentioning of “mystic-futurist Vvedensky” on March 16, 1924, and up to the arrest of Kharms and Vvedensky in “Gosizdat Juvenile Sector case” in December 1931. The records reveal lots of new biographical facts and aspects of literary life of the time. The publication is provided with the necessary commentary and the introductory article that recreates the background of Kuzmin’s relations with “Chinary” and later with OBERIU in the context of Leningrad culture of the late 1920s-early 1930s. A special attention is paid to the writers of “Kuzmin circle” that had personal relationships with Vvedensky and Kharms.

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18

Pei, Jiansuo, Erik Dietzenbacher, Jan Oosterhaven, and Cuihong Yang. "Accounting for China's Import Growth: A Structural Decomposition for 1997–2005." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 43, no. 12 (January 1, 2011): 2971–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a43396.

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This paper applies structural decomposition analysis to Chinese input–output tables in order to disentangle and quantify the sources of China's import growth and China's growth in vertical specialization: that is, China's incorporation into the global supply chain. China's exports and the role of processing trade therein have increased substantially in the last decade. Yet, they account for only one third of China's import growth from 1997 to 2005. Instead, the volume growth of China's domestic final demand is found to be most important. Moreover, compared with other countries, the structural change in input–output coefficients and in the commodity composition of domestic final demand turns out to be surprisingly important. Looking only at vertical specialization, it is concluded that more than half of its growth, from 21% in 1997 to 30% in 2005, is due to the growth of China's import ratios.

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19

Selya, Roger Mark. "China's Past, China's Future: Energy, Food, Environment." Professional Geographer 57, no. 3 (August 2005): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.2005.493_12.x.

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20

CULAS, CHRISTIAN. "Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers:Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers." American Anthropologist 107, no. 4 (December 2005): 741–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2005.107.4.741.2.

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21

Potter, Pitman B. "China and the International Legal System: Challenges of Participation." China Quarterly 191 (September 2007): 699–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741007001671.

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AbstractDuring the past decade, the Chinese government has pursued greater engagement with a range of international legal regimes. China's expanded participation in international regimes for trade and human rights, for example, can provide deeper understanding of the factors influencing China's international behaviour. Building upon scholarly perspectives about institutional compliance with treaty texts and the influence of local conditions on China's policies and practice, this article examines China's participation in international legal regimes for trade and human rights in light of dynamics of normative engagement and the paradigm of selective adaptation. Normative tensions help explain China's policies and practices on compliance with the WTO trade regime, while the imperative of normative engagement helps explain much about China's international human rights diplomacy.

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22

Sun, Yun. "China's Strategic Misjudgement on Myanmar." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 31, no. 1 (March 2012): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341203100105.

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Yun Sun argues that China's policy failures on Myanmar in 2011 are rooted in several strategic post-election misjudgements. Following President Thein Sein's inauguration in March 2011, the Sino–Myanmar relationship was initially boosted by the establishment of a “comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership,” and China sought reciprocation for its long-time diplomatic support in the form of Myanmar's endorsement of China's positions on regional multilateral forums. A series of events since August have frustrated China's aspirations, however, including Myanmar's suspension of the Myitsone dam and the rapid improvement of its relationship with the West. Several strategic misjudgements contributed to China's miscalculations, including on the democratic momentum of the Myanmar government, on the U.S. –Myanmar engagement and on China's political and economic influence in the country. China's previous definition of Myanmar as one of China's “few loyal friends” and the foundation of its strategic blueprint has been fundamentally shaken, and China is recalibrating its expectations regarding future policies.

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23

Ratke-Majewska, Anna. "China–Latin America: Economic Relations in the 21st Century. Latin American Perspective on Opportunities and Threats." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2019.24.3.9.

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Artykuł porusza kwestię stosunków gospodarczych Chiny–Ameryka Łacińska w tym stuleciu. W ciągu pierwszych dwóch dekad XXI wieku nastąpił znaczny wzrost handlu między Chinami i Ameryką Łacińską, a inwestycje Chin w Ameryce Łacińskiej wzrosły. Chociaż prezentowany tekst omawia kwestie współpracy gospodarczej, jego głównym celem nie jest jednak prezentacja dynamiki tych stosunków, ale refleksja nad szansami i zagrożeniami dla Ameryki Łacińskiej wynikającymi ze współpracy gospodarczej między Chinami i Ameryką Łacińską. Artykuł omawia zatem możliwości i zagrożenia w wielu aspektach, podając różne argumenty i liczne przykłady. Wnioski z tego artykułu dotyczą zarówno pojawiających się wyzwań, jak i perspektyw współpracy.

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24

Makin, Anthony J. "The Inflexible Yuan and Global Imbalances." Global Economy Journal 8, no. 3 (July 29, 2008): 1850144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1403.

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This paper evaluates China's exchange rate policy and current account surplus in the context of its rapid development. Recognizing that external imbalances reflect divergent national production and expenditure growth within both China and its trading partners, it contends that yuan exchange rate undervaluation against major currencies is central to any explanation of global imbalances. This misalignment artificially assists China's output growth and limits its household consumption, thereby slowing the rise in China's living standards. Meanwhile, due to currency misalignment, China's industrialized trading partners, most notably the United States and European Union, simultaneously experience larger bilateral current account deficits with China, lower output, lower saving and higher investment than otherwise. Further significant appreciation of China's exchange rate would simultaneously reduce China's huge trade surplus and the bilateral deficits of its trading partners, thereby alleviating international trade tensions.

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Wang, Di, and Guo Zhong Sun. "Relationships between Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment and Export in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 4544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.4544.

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China's CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2010 were calculated as well as two economical models were established, and the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) and export trade was analyzed. The result shows that the relations between China's carbon emissions and GDP showing the "N" type. Economic growth and export trade had significantly promoted China's carbon emissions, while the relations between FDI and China's carbon emissions are not significant. During the past years, exports have played an important role in promoting china's economic development. However, the main exporting industries are energy and emission intensive, which reveals disadvantage for carbon reduction. To reverse the negative impact of the export to china's carbon dioxide emissions, export structure should be optimized, and the outdated technology, equipment and products should be eliminated, while energy-conservative and environmental friendly industries should be promoted.

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26

Yang, Jiemian. "China's "New Diplomacy" under the Xi Jinping Administration." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 01, no. 01 (April 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740015500013.

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Since the establishment of the Xi Jinping administration, China's diplomacy has undergone significant changes while adopting many legacies of the previous times. It has increasingly manifested the diplomatic thinking of a great rising nation, strategic designs which keep pace with the times, and strong measures to tackle new challenges as well as to promote favorable changes for China's continuing development. With a review of the historical background and current situations faced by China, this paper closely examines the innovations and improvement of China's diplomatic thinking, the characteristics of China's current diplomatic strategy, and the new features of China's diplomatic practice. It is concluded that, despite the large advance in China's diplomatic thinking, strategies and practice, they need to be further theorized, institutionalized and operationalized, in order to fulfill the varying tasks under the rapidly changing domestic and international environments.

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27

Golley, Jane. "China's Future." Australian Journal of Politics & History 63, no. 3 (September 2017): 482–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12392.

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28

He, Qi-Xin. "China's Shakespeare." Shakespeare Quarterly 37, no. 2 (1986): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2869954.

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29

Ownby, David, Andrew J. Nathan, Tianjian Shi, and Helena V. S. Ho. "China's Transition." Pacific Affairs 72, no. 1 (1999): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2672339.

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Jianrong, Yu. "China's Underclass." Contemporary Chinese Thought 45, no. 4 (July 2014): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csp1097-1467450401.

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31

Hui, Qin. "China's Reform." Contemporary Chinese Thought 35, no. 1 (October 2003): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csp1097-146735015.

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32

Morton, Brian. "China's Dugongs." Marine Pollution Bulletin 42, no. 6 (June 2001): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00115-1.

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33

Zeng, Wei. "China's challenge." Nature 452, no. 7190 (April 2008): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nj7190-1028a.

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Hotez, Peter J. "China's Hookworms." China Quarterly 172 (December 2002): 1029–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902000608.

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Huang zhong bing, the “yellow puffy disease” caused by parasitic hookworms living in the human small intestine, was common throughout pre-liberation China. Hookworms contributed significantly to the nation's reputation as the sick man of Asia. However, even today China has the world's greatest number of cases of human hookworm infection. From estimates based on diagnostic surveys obtained during the early 1990s on over one million patients, there are approximately 194 million Chinese infected with hookworm. Most of these infections occur among the rural poor in the south and south-west. Even more recent data obtained in 1997 and 1998 indicate that hookworm remains a major public health problem in Hainan, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. Populations of the elderly and middle-aged women are emerging as the groups now at greatest risk for acquiring hookworm. New evidence indicates that in addition to threatening health, hookworms also contribute significantly to economic under-development. Hookworms are a living reminder of China's often-forgotten rural southern poverty and a rapidly growing urban–rural inequality; they are an impediment to China's future economic growth.

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Smil, Vaclav. "China's Food." Scientific American 253, no. 6 (December 1985): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1285-116.

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36

Hunt, Tamara, and Roberta Helmer Stalberg. "China's Puppets." Asian Theatre Journal 3, no. 1 (1986): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1124588.

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Fung, Mark T., and Michael S. Chase. "China's Transformations." Foreign Affairs 80, no. 5 (2001): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20050315.

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Zagoria, Donald, and Andrew J. Nathan. "China's Transition." Foreign Affairs 77, no. 3 (1998): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20048943.

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Waldron, Arthur, and David Bonavia. "China's Warlords." Journal of Military History 61, no. 2 (April 1997): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2953997.

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Szonyi, Michael, Andrew Nathan, Tianjian Shi, and Helena V. S. Ho. "China's Transition." International Journal 55, no. 1 (1999): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203470.

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Liu, Lu. "China's Republic." History: Reviews of New Books 35, no. 4 (July 2007): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2007.10527102.

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42

Friedmann, John. "China's Urbanization." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27, no. 3 (September 2003): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00480.

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43

Stewart, Sally. "China's managers." International Executive 34, no. 2 (March 1992): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060340205.

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44

Cook, David. "China's Hotels." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 30, no. 3 (November 1989): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088048903000318.

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45

Morton, Brian. "China's turtles." Marine Pollution Bulletin 24, no. 12 (December 1992): 576–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(92)90253-3.

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46

Xiao, Geng. "China's Exchange Rate and Monetary Policies: Structural and Institutional Constraints and Reform Options." Asian Economic Papers 7, no. 3 (October 2008): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2008.7.3.31.

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This paper argues that declining transaction costs in exporting on the one hand and the structural and institutional barriers to importing and consumption on the other hand are the main causes for China's rising current account surplus. Reforms in China's planning, financial, and regulatory systems are more important than adjustment in nominal exchange rate for balancing China's trade and for China's surplus capital to hire more of its surplus labor. Although structural inflation and currency appreciation are necessary for China's price level to catch up step-by-step with those in the advanced economies, the pace of inflation and appreciation need to be compatible with China's underlying productivity growth. An “inflation first and appreciation second” approach would help China avoid the risks of both deflation and runaway inflation. The United States and China can have win–win results if both focus on the real constraints behind their external imbalances.

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Khan, Asghar Ullah, Zain Ul Abiden Malik, and Hani Fatima Malik. "AN EXAMINATION ON THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE OF CHINA IN 21ST CENTURY." JUNE 02, no. 01 (June 30, 2021): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-01-2021-09-87-95.

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The current research analyzes Indian concerns about China's growing impact in the Indian Ocean region, particularly the transformation activities on the China's Maritime Silk Road and China's Silk Road Economic Belt in the 21st century. The research looks deeply at the reasons for the Indian anxiety and misunderstanding of the China Belt and Road Initiative, especially the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The research also claims that global support has exposed the role of China's BRI in regional socio-economic connectivity. India, however, is the largest nation in South Asia and has a positive impact on the Indian Ocean. In other South Asian countries, apart from Pakistan, it plays an important role in the economic, military and communications. The attitude of India is very crucial to the China's BRI. As China's most significant neighbor, the Century Maritime Silk Road With respect to its economy and its military size.

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Gu, Xue Song, and Li Yan Han. "Empirical Research on the Rapid Growth of China's ODI: Based on Multinational Panel Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.683.

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This paper focuses on the home-country factors determining the rapid growth of China's ODI and provides empirical evidence based on 66 countries panel data over 1991 to 2010. First, we expand the investment development path (IDP) theory by including financial factors to establish benchmark model. Then, we explore whether China's net ODI flow is excessive or insufficient by adding China dummy. Finally, we examine the special factors driving and hindering China's ODI by introducing interaction terms. The results reveal that China's ODI level is insufficient. The economic development, export and international reserve drive the growth of China's ODI, while crowing-out effect of domestic investment and poor financing condition are obstacles.

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Wu, Shaojie. "Exploring the prospects of English in the tourism economy." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 4, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v4i2.1011.

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As an ancient civilization with a world-renowned reputation, China has rich cultural and historical tourism resources. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of China's economy and comprehensive national strength, China's tourism economy has also achieved unprecedented development. With the rapid development of China's tourism economy, the tourism economy for international tourists urgently needs to be further expanded, and for that, English plays an important role in the development of China's tourism economy in the new era. This paper mainly analyzes the current status of China's tourism economy and the impact of English on the development and prospects of tourism economy, and discusses and studies how to use English to promote the development of tourism economy.

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Weisbrod, Roberta E. "Solving China's Urban Crisis: China's Transportation Energy Future." Journal of Urban Technology 6, no. 1 (April 1999): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630739983759.

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