Journal articles on the topic 'China pakistan'
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1
Jacob, Jabin T. "China–Pakistan Relations." China Report 46, no. 3 (August 2010): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944551104600304.
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The China–Pakistan relationship has seen several ups and downs in the last decade and especially since 9/11. While Sino-Pakistani ties remain strong, there has been a visible drawdown in Chinese political commitment to Pakistan. Partly, this has been because of Beijing’s concerns about political instability, including terrorism, in Pakistan, and the spread of Islamic radicalism from that country into China. In part, this has also been because China’s global political rise has meant that it is more conscious of its need to adhere to international norms, which includes refraining from nuclear proliferation to Pakistan. In this context, this article argues that one, India is no longer the central concern in the Sino-Pakistani relationship and two, New Delhi’s capacity to play the game-changer in the China–Pakistan relationship has grown over time.
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Ahmad, Sohail, Inayat Kaleem, and Hajra Nasir Satti. "Special Economic Zones: A Comparison of the Economic Policies of China and Pakistan." Global Economics Review III, no. II (December 30, 2018): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2018(iii-ii).02.
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China established Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in the late seventies and eighties which later became major drivers of their economic development. Now China is replicating the same phenomenon in Pakistan under CPEC. China, through the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the flagship project of One Belt One Road, has pledged to invest sixty-two (62) billion US dollars in Pakistan. The development of SEZs in Pakistan is divided into two phases. Phase one started in 2012, and the main focus in this phase was on Dhabeji, Rashakai Faisalabad. In phase two nine SEZs will be developed. If Pakistan successfully manages the SEZs it will shift the country towards industrialization in the long run and stabilize the Pakistani economy in the short run. However, many inconsistencies have originated due to Pakistans weak economic policies. This paper will provide a comparison between the SEZs in Pakistan and China, and how Pakistan can capitalize on the SEZs and pave the way for industrialization.
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Iftikhar, Zainab, and Ishtiaq Hossain. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Its Impact on Paki-stan’s Economy and Society (Koridor Ekonomic China-Pakistan (CPEC): Kesan terhadap Ekonomic dan Sosial di Pakistan)." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077) 17, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 380–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i1.952.
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This paper focuses on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a mega-initiative of Pakistan and China. The CPEC is important to both Pakistan and China. It is viewed in Pakistan that CPEC is a great opportunity for development of Pakistan. This article examines the impact of CPEC on Pakistan’s economy and society. It highlights the impacts of a number of projects undertaken by CPEC such as infrastructures, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), energy, Gwadar port and social sector projects on Pakistan’s economy and society. This paper adopts a qualitative research method and the analysis made concludes that CPEC has more positive than negative impacts on Pakistani economy and society. In order to draw benefits from CPEC, its proper implementation and functioning is important.
Keywords: CPEC, Special Economic Zones, Pakistan, China.
Abstrak
Kajian ini membincangkan Koridor Ekonomi China-Pakistan (CPEC) sebagai inisiatif mega antara Pakistan dan China. Projek infrastuktur ini penting untuk kedua-dua buah negara ini terutamanya dalam memberi peluang kepada pembangunan di Pakistan. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk menghuraikan kesan CPEC terhadap sektor ekonomi dan sosial di Pakistan. Ia menekankan kesan projek-projek CPEC seperti dalam infrastruktur, Zon Ekonomi Khas (SEZ), Tenaga, Pelabuhan Gwadar dan projek-projek sektor Sosial untuk ekonomi dan masyarakat Pakistan. Kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan analisa dalam mengkaji bahawa pembinaan infrastruktur CPEC mempunyai kesan yang positif berbanding daripada kesan negatif untuk sektor ekonomi dan sosial. Pelaksanaan yang rapi sangat penting untuk mencapai hasil yang memuaskan.
Kata Kunci: CPEC, Zon Ekonomi Khas, Pakistan, China.
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Wazir, Bushra. "STRENGTHENING OF PAKISTAN AND CHINA RELATIONS THROUGH CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR." Journal of Pakistan-China Studies (JPCS) 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55733/jpcs.v1i1.24.
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The friendship of China and Pakistan is as old as they came into being. They maintained a very cordial, friendly and strong bond since its inception. In 1951 after the formal establishment of diplomatic relations, the People’s Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have seen their relationship ever consolidating and progressing. Throughout different historical periods and despite changes with the times, Chinese and Pakistani governments and people have been working hard to enrich the friendship, and have set a model for friendly bilateral ties between different cultures, social systems and ideologies. In 2015 Chinese President Xi Jinping and Pakistani president Nawaz Sharif properly announced the project China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Both the government of China and Pakistan have deeply realized the importance of developing the CPEC, starting from Kashgar in Xinjiang, China, and reaching Karachi and Gwadar, southern coastal cities in Pakistan via the Khunjerab Pass and several other nodal areas, for cementing China Pakistan economic relations, promoting friendly cooperation and establishing people to people contact between the two countries. CPEC is an economic and development project for the benefit of the people of the region. It will connect Pakistan to Central Asia via the Eurasian Land-Bridge planned under China’s “Belt and Road” initiative. This project is going to be completed in four major phases. Despite all the significance, it faces some challenges from the hostile neighbour of Pakistan: India. Yet, its significance is manifold which covers these challenges.
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Sakeena. "CPEC Opportunities and Challenges for Pakistan." Volume 2, Issue 2 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.995757849.
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CPEC is a massive project that aims to change the geoeconomic dynamics of Pakistani Chinese relations and increase trade between the two countries in the region. Pakistan and China have had a bilateral relationship since 1949, shortly after China gained independence. Pakistan was the first Muslim country outside of the Soviet Union to recognise China as a legitimate state and establish diplomatic ties with it. China China's Pakistan Economic Corridor is a meticulously planned initiative. China will gain a very quick route to the Arabian Sea through Pakistan's Gwadar Port as a result of this Corridor. The project's initial value was 46 billion dollars, but it has since increased to 62 billion dollars, making it an unquestionably fantastic project. Pakistan and China have proposed three corridors as part of the CPEC's core focus. CPEC is offering 27 special economic zones across the country as part of its development programmes. China plans to connect Kashgar in northwest China with Gwadar in the Arabian Sea near the Iranian border as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Gwadar, just outside the Gulf's mouth, would serve as a port for Middle Eastern oil that could then be transported to China through Baluchistan and the Karakorum Mountain.
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Ullah, Sadiq, Mumtaz Alam, and Zulfiqar Ali Baig. "Effects of CPEC on the Economy of China and Pakistan." Asia Social Science Academy 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51600/jass.2022.8.3.1.
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CPEC is a huge investment that will bring prosperity and will heal the economic condition of Pakistan. It will also give China the shortest proximity to the rest of the world. It's a project which will benefit both of the countries as well as Europe and the Gulf. Descriptive analysis is used in this research study to investigate the effects of CPEC on Pakistan and China's economy. Diverse literature was found on this topic and is cited in the literature part of this research study. This study shows that Pakistan and China both of the countries will be better off and will achieve good economic results. Pakistan will get the maximum benefit from CPEC because its infrastructure and energy structure is less developed. And by the injection of this massive CPEC project, the Pakistani economy will boost up, and the mutual trade between China and Pakistan will be enhanced. GDP growth and welfare position of Pakistan will take more benefit from CPEC than China. Chinese export of non-agricultural products will increase more than the Chinese export of agricultural products. While in the case of Pakistani exports, the situation is the opposite one. Agricultural exports will be increased more than the increase in non-agricultural exports of Pakistan.
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Bhattacharjee, Dhrubajyoti. "India, Pakistan and China." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v1i2.97.
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China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship project of OBOR or BRI, has brought China and Pakistan economically and strategically close. As significant part of the corridor develops through the disputed region of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK), it has been difficult for India to accept the project as it infringes on its sovereignty. The nature of investment, the controversies associated with the location of the corridor in Pakistan, the opacity of the investments, the conflict in Baluchistan, and the manner in which Pakistani civilian and military administration has become embroiled in the multi-billion-dollar project, has made CPEC more of a challenge to the region, than a corridor of opportunity. The paper will try to assess the nature of the project and the various challenges that it entails. Building upon these notions, the article in the end would attempt to make future predictions for the region.
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Mushtaq, Faiqa. "Prospects for Pak-China Relations." Global Political Review IV, no. IV (December 30, 2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iv).06.
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South Asia is in focus of global geopolitics since the advent of the 21st century. China is an economic giant and outreaching towards West through Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). CPEC (part of BRI) has brought Pakistan in streamline in regional geopolitics. United States (US) is worried about Chinas rise, for its national interests are in danger in Asia so, it perused Pivot to Asia strategy to counter China in Asia while manipulating India. This situation has increased Pakistans importance for China. The article will assess Pak-China cordial relations and answer the following questions. Will Pakistan be helpful to China in addressing the challenges to regional peace? How will Pak-China cooperation counter Indo-US strategic partnership? What are Pak-China mutual efforts to curb terrorism?
9
Yang, Yong, and Shangli Wang. "The Development of Salt Resources in Pakistan under the Perspective of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i4.233.
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The salt play an important role in daily life and industry. There are large reserves of high - quality salt deposits in Pakistan. But Pakistani salt resources have a smaller share in international salt trade. The paper analyses the current situation in terms of the development of salt resources in Pakistan through SWOT analysis under the perspective of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. On this basis, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for developing salt resources in Pakistan, such as increasing salt export, developing the health and wellness tourism with salt as the theme, establishing salt chemical industry chain based on strengthening Sino-Pakistan production capacity cooperation. These measures will help to further alleviate Pakistan's balance of payments.
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Mikhel, Irina. "RIVALRY AND PARTNERSHIP STRATEGIES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION." Vostokovedenie i Afrikanistika, no. 2 (2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rva/2021.02.06.
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This review analyzes recent publications by Pakistani authors on the policies of world powers in the Indian Ocean region, India-US cooperation and its implications for Pakistan, and recent Indo-Pakistan relations. The recent the U.S. containment doctrine on China has contributed to an American Pivot of Asia, an increased strategic partnership between the U.S. and India, a cooling of the U.S.-Pakistan relationship, and an increase in comprehensive cooperation between China and Pakistan. The establishment of a China-Pakistan economic corridor with access to the Indian Ocean near the Gwadar port becomes a matter of survival and a basis for future prosperity for China and Pakistan, while for the United States and its new allies it becomes a cause for serious concern and a reason for a new round of confrontation with China and Pakistan. The ongoing Indo-Pakistani rivalry is now also driven by Indian domestic politics and the role of Prime Minister Modi and his party.
11
Khan, Zahid. "The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 05, no. 02 (January 2019): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740019500131.
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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) offers a massive platform for China and Pakistan to promote regional connectivity, trade growth, and infrastructure development. Pakistan views CPEC not only as an infrastructure and economic development program as well as a key initiative with wide-ranging implications for the country’s domestic economy and social makeup, but also a potential “game changer” in the regional situation. However, this project also faces grave internal and external challenges, such as route controversy, militancy, religious extremism, competing narratives, media propaganda, debt-trap accusation, and synergy of institutions. To make CPEC a sustainable project that benefits Pakistan and the whole of South Asia in the long run, both the Chinese and Pakistani governments need to address these challenges through greater transparency of the CPEC projects, as well as more consultation with all stakeholders involved, so as to ease their concerns about the profound implications of the grand project.
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Ahmad Rashid Malik. "The Pakistan-China Bilateral Trade: The Future Trajectory." Strategic Studies 37, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 66–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.037.01.00231.
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Trade volume between Pakistan and China largely remained insignificant. It did not constitute a viable economic partnership between the two countries until the first decade of the present century. Bilateral trade could further strengthen Pakistan-China relationship. China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in effect from July 2007, introduced a new dimension in the promotion of the bilateral trade. As Pakistan could not devise a dynamic trading policy toward China, this resulted in a huge trade deficit with China after 1984. Pakistani industry and exporters should adopt new measures to increase exports to China and to bring about a reasonable equality in mutual trading relations.
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Ali, Tariq, Jikun Huang, and Wei Xie. "Bilateral Economic Impacts of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020143.
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China is making large investments in Pakistan’s transport infrastructure under the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the bilateral impacts of these investments through several policy scenarios in 2025 using a global economic model. Our results show that due to transport infrastructure development, the GDP and welfare of both Pakistan and China will improve, with a maximum of 0.3% and 0.01% increase in GDP, and USD 2.6 billion USD 1.8 billion gains in welfare for Pakistan and China, respectively. Regarding mutual trade, Pakistan’s total and agricultural exports to China will increase in the range of USD 9.6–13.7 billion and USD 4.7–6.6 billion, respectively. The percentage increase in Pakistan’s net exports of agricultural commodities to China will be higher than that of non-agricultural products. Pakistan will tap into China’s import demand for fresh fruits and vegetables and other perishable food products. Due to changing trade relations, Pakistan’s production structure will undergo slight structural adjustments. For Pakistan’s agriculture sector, the rice and fruit sectors will be top gainers, with 2.1–2.6% and 1.2–1.7% output expansion, respectively. Pakistan will also experience some leveling of income due to a relatively higher increase in wages of unskilled labor than skilled labor. The output of China’s rice sector will drop the most (−1–−1.3%). Overall, the effects on China’s economy are minimal. We suggest several critical policy recommendations in light of our results, especially for Pakistan.
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Hassan, Ashraful, Bruce Burton, and W. C. Soderlund. "Qui sont nos ennemis? Qui sont nos amis? La presse pakistanaise et ses perceptions des attitudes et politiques de quatre grandes puissance 1958-1965." Études internationales 13, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701349ar.
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Utilizing content analysis methodology, this paper studies Pakistani press perceptions of external sources of threat and support covering the Period 1958-1965. From the literature on Pakistani foreign policy, seven specific hypotheses are extracted for testing: 1 - during the period 1958-1965, India was perceived to be the major threat to Pakistan ; 2 - the perception of India as the major threat increased sharply from 1962 onwards; 3 - in 1959 China was perceived to be a greater threat to Pakistan than India was; 4 - the Soviet Union was perceived to be the major threat in 1958, a significant but secondary threat in 1959, the main threat again in 1960, and an insignificant threat from 1961 onwards; 5 - at no time during the period 1958-1965 was the United States perceived to be a threat to Pakistan; 6 - the respective policies of China, the US.S.R., and the U.S. towards South Asia in general and on the Kashmir issue in particular, played a major part in determining Pakistan's attitudes toward these states; 7 - U.S. arms aid to India in 1962 resulted in a major Pakistani disillusionment with the United States and this was accompanied by more positive Pakistani views toward the US.S.R. and China. Our data drawn from front page news stores and editorials appearing in a sample of the Pakistani newspaper Dawn, confirm in general terms hypotheses 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, but fall to confirm hypotheses 3 and 4. Overall, the data point to the significance of the Sino-Indian border war in the fall of 1962 as a crucial turning point in Pakistan 's foreign policy alignments. Specifically, we see evidence of a turning away from the United States, combined with a movement toward China. Attitudes toward the Soviet Union were ambivalent.
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Hassan, Syed Ali, and Areeja Syed. "Special Economic Zones: A Comparative Analysis of China and Pakistan." Global Foreign Policies Review IV, no. III (September 30, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2021(iv-iii).05.
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Pakistan and China enjoy close bilateral relations, owing to the ‘China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as China is developing a special economic zone across Pakistan under CPEC. SEZs are a new phenomenon for Pakistan and it’s the need of the hour for Pakistan to study the working mechanism of China’s SEZs to work on those challenges that Pakistan is facing due to non-expertise in this sector. China has a deep-rooted history as far as SEZs are concerned. With China’s experience and progress, a comparative analysis of Chinese SEZs could provide benefits for Pakistan. This study aims to give a comparative analysis of SEZs in both countries. A comparative analysis between China and Pakistan’s SEZ policies will help Pakistan in making better economic policies about Special economic zones.
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Khalid, Ijaz, Bushra Qureshi, and Shazia Hassan. "US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017)." Global Social Sciences Review II, no. II (December 30, 2017): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(ii-ii).04.
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This paper attempts to explore the level of variations in the pattern of foreign policies of Pakistan and China to US Afghan strategy. To investigate this question, the paper examines US strategy in Afghanistan. The current administration under Trump and announcement of China Pakistan Economic Corridor further complicated the US presence in Afghanistan. The study analyses the factors that are responsible for differences between Pakistani and Chinese stance. About the results, China's response was an outcome of their foreign policy principles, that is not to indulge in direct clash with the US and Western world. The interests of China in Afghanistan are linked to that of Pakistan, South and Central Asia. China does not want to wage unilateral talks with Taliban at the cost of Pakistan's interests. While on the other hand, post 9/11 2001, Pakistan could not resist the pressure of US policies in Afghanistan because it was heavily dependent on the US, economically, militarily, politically and diplomatically. The respective Political structure and culture; their foreign policy priorities, goals, and tradition; perception of threat and resulting priorities; political and economic dependence; location, policy options and decision-making and professional capabilities of decision making were jointly responsible for their differences.
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Theresa, Theresa, Nida Jamil, and Azam Chaudhry. "Pakistan’s Experience with the Pakistan–China FTA: Lessons for CPEC." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 22, Special Edition (September 1, 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.v22.isp.a1.
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As Pakistan enters the CPEC era, there is a sense of optimism as well as concern in the country, given the uncertain economic impact of this major collaboration between China and Pakistan. Using firm-level and trade data, we empirically test the impact of the 2006 free trade agreement (FTA) between the two countries on the productivity, size and value added of potentially affected Pakistani firms. These results have important policy implications for CPEC initiatives. We start with a difference-in-difference analysis, comparing trends in those sectors in Pakistan made more vulnerable by tariff reductions on Chinese goods relative to sectors for which the tariff did not change significantly. Next, we examine those sectors in Pakistan that were given greater access to Chinese markets through reductions in the Chinese tariff on Pakistani goods relative to sectors for which market access remained roughly the same. In the sectors made more vulnerable by reductions in Pakistani tariffs on Chinese goods, imports to Pakistan have risen, while productivity, value added and value added per worker have fallen relative to other sectors since the FTA. In the sectors for which Pakistan gained access to Chinese markets, exports and employment have risen, but productivity and value added have fallen relative to other sectors since the FTA.
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Arshed, Noman, Mahak Zahra Awan, Aaiza Mirza, Faheem Riaz, and Muhammad Ghulam Shabeer. "China Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC), its role in Pakistan economy and its social and environmental status." Journal of Applied Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jarms.22.01.
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China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a plan to kick start practical cooperation between China and Pakistan, as well as support China and the rest of West Central, which is expected to propel Pakistan's and China's already strong relationship to new heights. Hope for economic transformation and assistance in overcoming Pakistan's power shortage. The strategic significance of CPEC must be described and studied from various historical, economic, cultural, and political perspectives. As it aims to construct a network of roads, highways, and railways from Khunjerab, Pakistan's border with China to Gwadar. So, this initiative presents a significant opportunity for Pakistan's economic growth. Because of its depth, Gwadar is an important port. This article emphasizes the economic status of Pakistan influenced by CPEC, the effect of its infrastructure on GDP growth, Impact on trade and the revenue generated. Moreover, the effect of CPEC on the social and environmental aspects is also explained.
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Chaudhry, Imran Sharif, Faitma Gulzar, Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad, and Saeed ur Rahman. "Impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on Pakistan's trade: Empirical Evidence from Gravity Model." Review of Economics and Development Studies 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v3i1.164.
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Purpose: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC) is an enormous project for both economies. There are much potential remunerations for concerning frugalities in trade and industries of both countries. The study was specifically designed to examine the influence of CPEC on fruits export of Pakistan. The bilateral or regional trade was examined through Gravity approach. Data was taken from 2013 to 2015. Since distance plays a vital role in trade, the outcomes of gravity model are estimated with ordinary least square method. Pakistan China Economic Corridor is a mega project for both economies. It will make Pakistan and China, the major economic players in the region and further enhance economic conditions of both countries. Some of the basic determinations of Pak-China economic corridor are to boost business opportunities, efficient transport routes and expanding regional trade. The export target of Pakistan was $ US 20 billion in 2013-2015. As of April 2015, Pakistan exports stand at $ US 6,178 billion. Pakistan’s exports to Asia was amounted to $ US 1,649 billion which was 42 percent of its overall exports and the share of fruit and nuts markets in Pakistan's export was $ US 1,017 billion. The paper analyses the CPEC's impact on exports especially exports from fruit market of Pakistan using Gravity Approach for the evaluation of this bilateral trade. The results show that CPEC reduces the distance and it will be more beneficial for perishable goods trade like fruits.
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Hussain, Saddam, Ali Sohail, Chunjiao Yu, Sadaf Manzoor, and Ayesha Zahid. "CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC’S) SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS ON PAKISTAN." International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 2, no. 6 (November 25, 2020): 416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v2i6.176.
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CPEC being a mega project of the recent era not only in South Asia but throughout the world. CPEC is going to take place between Pakistan and China by bringing enormous economic betterment and lifestyle changes for the people living in Pakistan. Both countries, China and Pakistan are agreed to build one road one belt which is commonly known as China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) with the intentions to bring peace and prosperity as well as to enhance business activities by promoting trade with each other and with rest of the world, which will directly affect on economic growth. Being a mega economic project for both countries it will bring prosperity and economic stability. It will enhance Pakistan’s infrastructure (road, railway and telecommunication), overcome energy crises, develop trade, modernize and develop agriculture and manufacturing industry and mutual connectivity between people of both countries which is a very important factor for trade. China being the strongest economy of the present day will support the new economically arising country (Pakistan). China will pull Pakistan from the crises by applying modern technology and high financial support, which every country faces during the difficult time of raising its economy. This study helps to overlook and analyze the benefits of CPEC for the people of Pakistan. Keywords: China Pakistan Economic Corridor, One Belt One Road, Gwadar, Socio-Economic Development
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Ibrar, Muhammad, Jianining Mi, Muhammad Rafiq, and Liaqat Ali. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Ensuring Pakistan’s Economic Benefits." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 22, no. 1 (May 2019): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2019.22.1.38.
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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a well-crafted economic partnership between China and Pakistan which is expected to bring economic development and prosperity not only for the two neighboring countries but also for the whole South Asia. It is considered central to China-Pakistan relations and the CPEC will link Kashgar to Gawadar port through the extension of Silk Road initiative which is widely known as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). With the investment of 46 billion US dollars, its completion is expected by 2030. CPEC is the most discussed and debated economic partnership and it has great geostrategic importance for Pakistan to counterbalance Indian influence in South Asia. However, the focus on geopolitical and location of the route has been dominated the important questions concerning “How Pakistan should ensure its economic benefit out of this mega project?” This paper, therefore, aims to develop a theoretical framework and put forward relevant recommendations on how Pakistan can ensure its economic benefits as compared to the forecasted economic and political benefits of China and the challenges ahead.
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Khetran, Mir Sher Baz, and Muhammad Humayun Khalid. "The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Gateway to Central Asia." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 05, no. 03 (January 2019): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740019500179.
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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); and its launch in 2015 was regarded as a landmark event in the history of the Sino-Pakistani relationship. With a budget amounting to over $62 billion, it has become the foremost regional integration initiative between China and Pakistan. The project is also open to all interested regional stakeholders, among which Central Asia is one of the most important in geopolitical terms. Located in a landlocked but resource-rich region, Central Asian countries need better access to regional markets including Pakistan, China, India, and the countries of West Asia. Pakistan and China have huge energy demands that can be satisfied by growing trade with Central Asia. Thus, the CPEC will not only benefit Pakistan and China, but it also presents a strategic opportunity for Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan to transport their goods more easily and gain competitiveness in regional and global markets.
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Prakoso, Septyanto Galan, Andriyansyah Perdana Murtyantoro, and Meisya Putri Intan Cahyani. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: China's Strategic Ambition." JURNAL ILMU SOSIAL 18, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jis.18.2.2019.81-92.
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China’s Silk Road concept known as Belt and Road Initiative (B&R) by Xi Jinping aims at strengthening China’s economic power. One part of the initiative is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Using a qualitative descriptive method, we attempt to explain how China and Pakistan integrate themselves in several aspects such as economic, military and politics. The CPEC establishment falls under the intention of both countries to gain more advantage in several aspects. The main objective of this journal is to explain non-economic and also economic interests behind China and Pakistan relations especially China’s strategic and geopolitical interests. This journal also analyzes Chinese counter-measures against Indian influence in the Indian Ocean. The conclusion of this research shows that China gain more benefits from CPEC especially after the deployment of China’s Navy into the Gwadar Sea Port.
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Hagerty, Devin T. "China and Pakistan: Strains in the Relationship." Current History 101, no. 656 (September 1, 2002): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2002.101.656.284.
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Although the American war on terrorism has altered the regional landscape, “China and Pakistan continue to derive substantial value from their close relationship. For Islamabad, Beijing remains its most steadfast friend in international affairs. United States interest in Pakistan waxes and wanes, but China has proved itself to be in Pakistan's corner over the long haul.”
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Anwar, Brigadier Muhammad Shakoor. "Relevance and Significance of Pak- China Relationship for USA in Changing Regional Dynamics." Journal of Law & Social Studies 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.02.02.8795.
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Pakistan and China enjoy the bilateral and friendly diplomatic relations since 1951. Both countries are trustworthy allies of one another. China has always backed Pakistan in the difficult matters to stabilize the geo-political and geo-economic situation in the region. Although, Pakistan also enjoys good diplomatic relations with America but down the line these relations and ties weakened due to increasing mistrust and unreliability between both the countries. Pakistan had various occasions has been ally of the United States (US) such as War against USSR in Afghanistan. But after the war the US has put sanctions on Pakistan and tensions between both countries arose. On the other hand, China has always supported Pakistan stance even in the wars against India. These relations took a new turn with the Chinese project of Belt Road Initiative (BRI) generally and China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) from 2013 onwards. This huge transformation of Pak-China dealings seen the two-sided connections long-drawn-out from military to the economic domain. The collaboration under CPEC, with increased investment of China in building Pakistan’s power and infrastructure segments. The deepening relations of China and Pakistan and Pakistan’s decreasing dependency on the US has grabbed attention of the USA. America has moved its all energies to East Asia from the European and Arab countries. Therefore, the aim of current study is to look headlong from this viewpoint and pursue to sightsee and explore the expansions that took place in two-sided associations outside CPEC keeping the US stance on this collaboration and its significance.
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Uzair, Lubna, and Ahmad Nawaz. "Modelling welfare effects under Pakistan–China free trade agreement." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 11, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-07-2018-0028.
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PurposeThis paper aims to empirically examine the trade creation and diversion impacts on merchandise imports of Pakistan under the Pakistan–China Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The analysis of Pakistan’s preferential treatment with its largest trade partner as well as the most substantial exporter of the world will help to shape trade policy, open windows for academic research and also gives an immense contribution in literature.Design/methodology/approachA disaggregated panel data on the imports of Pakistan from China and other WTO member countries and tariff concessions at Harmonized System (HS) two-digit level used for the agreement period of 2006-2012. The empirical analysis takes care of bias through robust and panel-corrected standard errors with time, industry-specific effects and controlling for multilateral trade resistance.FindingsEvidence found in support of trade creation under the Pakistan–China FTA. It means overall this agreement increased the welfare of Pakistani consumers.Practical implicationsFindings are in favour of negotiations and signing for the next round of this agreement and with other major trade partners like the US and Saudi Arabia.Originality/valueIt is worth investigating empirically the impact of preferential trade liberalization between Pakistan – a developing country – and China – the largest importer of the world – explicitly, in the form of trade creation or diversion. The empirical assessment of this FTA signed with the world’s largest exporter will not only contribute immensely to the literature but also help in trade policy formulation and open windows for academic research. Another unique aspect of this study is the use of disaggregated data consisting of all goods imports along with tariff concessions at two-digit Harmonized System (HS) code.
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Okhotnikov, Alexander, Muhammad Imtiaz Subhani, Shatila Khodor, and Denis Ushakov. "Gravity model and Pakistan - China Trade." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 06036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125806036.
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Pakistan being an important ally of the war against terror paying huge price of not merely of innocent lives of people but huge monetary losses in many sectors of economy, one lucrative sector is international trade. Pakistan’s export potential has undergone strenuous pressures to perform according to the past performance. There was a need to reveal new export potential and lucrative sectors of economy with recommended policy changes so that new paradigm change in international trade can be initiated. This empirical study carried to meet the objective in which gravity model is used for investigating the bilateral trade between Pakistan and China. This model is being used extensively by the researchers worldwide to make predictions about volume of international trade to suggest the policy changes in international trade management. The findings confirm that the tariff rates significantly and negatively affects the Export Volume from Pakistan to China as t-stats > 1.5 which results the trade deficit to be increased, while the affinity (i.e. bilateral visits of people of Pakistan and China to each other countries, bilateral dialogues between China and Pakistan, Social integrations programs between China and Pakistan etc.) between China and Pakistan and Geography (i.e. the trading countries are both in Asia with the connected borders) significantly and positively affects the Export Volume from Pakistan to China as t-stats > 1.5, thus the trade deficit is reduced due to stated affinity and geography. The large value of F-stats also reports that the relationships of export volume from Pakistan to China with all outlined stated explanatory variables/ predictors (i.e. the gravity model for bilateral trade between Pakistan and China) will remain alive for longer period of time in future.
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Gholizadeh, Ali, Seyed Ashkan Madani, and Saba Saneinia. "Analyzing Pakistan’s Geoeconomic and Geopolitical Importance to BRI." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 62 (February 5, 2020): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.62.147.153.
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The "Belt and Road" initiative (BRI) has built a bridge linking China with countries along the belt and road. BRI related issues are no longer an abstract debate, as many projects have been implementing or even have been completed in recent years. Pakistan, as a traditional friendly neighbor of China, has actively participated in the initiative, providing new opportunities for bilateral economic cooperation. With its China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Pakistan plays a vital pivot. It becomes a lynchpin of BRI as CPEC connects important sea routes to western China, which is surrounded by land. This article, therefore, is an analysis of Pakistan’s role in the Chinese initiative, including geo-economic and geopolitical importance of Pakistan for China, and the importance of Gwadar port for China and projects of CPEC in Pakistan. Unlike current debates which usually conceptualized BRI in a hegemonic, mercantilism, or economic starcrafts context, this study finds the importance of geography and economic security concepts for both Pakistan and China as influential factors along with other factors.
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ZAİN, Ali, Gökçe ÖZSU, Mutlu BİNARK, and Abdulaziz DINO GIDRETA. "ÇİN-PAKİSTAN EKONOMİ KORİDORU VE PAKİSTAN TWITTER UZAMINDA KANAAT TEKNİSYENLERİ: BİR TEMATİK İÇERİK ANALİZİ." Asya Araştırmaları Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34189/asyam.4.1.002.
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Kanwal, Shamsa, Abdul Hameed Pitafi, Muhammad Yousaf Malik, Naseer Abbas Khan, and Rao Muhammad Rashid. "Local Pakistani Citizens’ Benefits and Attitudes Toward China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Projects." SAGE Open 10, no. 3 (July 2020): 215824402094275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020942759.
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The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega development plan in the South Asian region with the mutual cooperation of Pakistan and China. However, CPEC projects are still in the preliminary phase, and scholars and policymakers have continuously assured that CPEC projects will boost the economy of Pakistan through business creation and immense employment opportunities. This study investigated the influence of CPEC projects on the community lifestyle of local Pakistani citizens. The samples were gathered using an online survey from 335 respondents living in Pakistan. Most of the hypotheses supported by the existing data set showed the positive responses of local Pakistani citizens toward CPEC projects. The findings of this study will help government officials and the representatives of the CPEC understand the attitudes of the host community and their cooperation for the development of CPEC projects.
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Hyder, Ghulam. "CPEC: Shifting Sands in Pakistan’s Foreign Policy." South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjhss.2022.v04i01.008.
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This paper is about the dramatic shifts in Pakistan’s diplomatic stance since its inception. The paper argues that Pakistan is unusual in having to depend upon short-term diplomacy to achieve the stability that other countries enjoy through long-term diplomacy. The article argues that this short-term diplomacy is the result of Pakistan being forced to improvise radically different diplomatic responses in the face of different and severe challenges in its international relations. Whilst the overriding challenge in Pakistan’s international relations has always been the existential threat posed by India, the shifting sands of alliances in its region between the U.S, China, Russia and India, wars and civil strife have prompted Pakistan to pivot alliances alternately between the U.S. and China whilst maintaining a difficult balancing act between them. The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the latest shift in the sands of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy in recent times.
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Ullah, Atta, Chen Pinglu, Saif Ullah, and Muhammad Ather Elahi. "A Pre Post-COVID–19 Pandemic Review of Regional Connectivity and Socio-Economic Development Reforms: What Can Be Learned by Central and Eastern European Countries from the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.24.10.
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This paper aims to highlight the role of mutual assistance of China and Pakistan’s regional connectivity through the China‑Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and show what lessons can be learned by Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). CPEC promotes trade, FDI, peace, and sustainable socio‑economic development, and it can help to alleviate the effects of COVID–19 in the region to promote socio‑economic development. In this study, we employed the Rolling Window Approach (Rolling Moving Average Approach) for data analysis of pre‑ and post‑COVID–19. It also focuses on before and after the CPEC initiative’s impact on the Pakistani economy through the Rolling Window Approach and graphical trends. In Pakistan, thanks to CPEC; trade, FDI, remittance, and the stock exchange (PSX) showed an upward shift. Terrorism decreased, which indicates a positive sign for peace and socio‑economic development. However, currency depreciation increased, and the exchange rate trend is going up against the dollar, hurting the economy badly in several ways, such as the balance of payment, current account deficit, and lower some exports. To mitigate these issues, Pakistan and China have taken steps as trade formulated in domestic currency between China and Pakistan. During COVID–19, the provision of health care equipment on a priority basis from China helped to combat the COVID–19 effects and stabilize Pakistan’s Economy. CPEC is structured to connect regional economic zones by forming local, regional, and global value chains. To cope with the COVID–19 impacts, socio‑economic reforms and regional cooperation are suggested for CEECs with a pre‑post circumstances review. Regional integration and cooperation are key to coping with this pandemic. CEECs can learn lessons from CPEC for socio‑economic development, reducing violence, and improving the economy.
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Tasneem Sultana and Zobi Fatima. "SIGNIFICANCE OF CPEC FOR CHINA AND PAKISTAN." Asia-Pacific - Annual Research Journal of Far East & South East Asia 39 (January 20, 2022): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4328.
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China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a promising initiative for Pakistan’s economic growth and development in next few decades. It appeared as a fresh start in light of country’s domestic issues, such as failing economy, extreme corruption, severe political crisis and inefficient security environment. Pakistan is likely to extract maximum benefits through CPEC in the areas of governance, economic growth and socio-political stability. However, minimum attention has been paid on the advantages generated by CPEC for China. Only few researches highlight the economic, political, geostrategic and social gains drawn by China through CPEC in detailed manner. Hence, in this study, an attempt has been made to compare and analyse the advantages of CPEC for the both China and Pakistan. Through comparative analysis, it has been tried to differentiate the extent of benefits and integrity of CPEC in next few decades for both countries. Unfortunately, Pakistan seems to generate considerably low rewards from CPEC as compare to China
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Gholizadeh, Ali, Seyedashkan Madani, and Saba Saneinia. "A geoeconomic and geopolitical review of Gwadar Port on belt and road initiative." Maritime Business Review 5, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-11-2019-0051.
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Purpose By combining geopolitical and economic factors and from a geoeconomic perspective, the importance of Gwadar to China and Pakistan is discussed in detail. By applying geoeconomic approach and based on the historical approach, geographical and geopolitical conditions and international development trends of Gwadar port, the authors develop the analytical framework to analyze the Gwadar port and studied its importance in the development of China and Pakistan, as well as the positive influence on the economic growth of both countries. Design/methodology/approach A geoeconomic study is done to run a more profound and more comprehensive analysis of China–Pakistan economic relationship, as geoeconomic includes interrelations of geographical, geopolitical and economic factors in international relations. Findings The results show that Gwadar Port's development could enhance the economic security of both China and Pakistan. With the opening of Gwadar Port, oil and energy in the Middle East will be imported directly to China through Pakistan's oil pipeline. This is not only oil but also goods from Central Asia, and even Europe and the USA will land from Gwadar Port and enter China through the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The development of Gwadar port under the CPEC program could also dramatically increase the capacity of Pakistan's maritime trade while reducing its dependence on the current largest port, Karachi, near the India border. Originality/value Geo-economics theory is used to run a more profound and more comprehensive analysis of China–Pakistan economic relationship as geoeconomic includes interrelations of geographical, location, geopolitical and economic factors in international relations. By combining geopolitical and economic factors and from a geoeconomic perspective, this study seeks to analyze the Gwadar port development and its implications for both China and Pakistan.
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Parveen, Saima, and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah. "China Pakistan Economic Corridor:." Central Asia 85, Winter (January 20, 2020): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-85.11.
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In the changing regional geo-political scenario China, Pakistan and other regional countries are set to play a vital role in the emerging regional economic corridor. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as part of “One Belt, One Road” grand strategy connect countries with China through economic collaboration extending from South East Asia to the Europe through maritime and land routes comprised of emerging markets of Africa and Middle East energy resources.
This paper has investigated the significance of CPEC in parlance of theoretical framework of complex interdependence because the phenomenon of interdependence has tied state and non-state entities in economic and strategic dimensions. Regional connectivity results from systematic, upgraded and need-based interaction in perspective of CPEC for socio-economic, industrial, energy and trade development.
CPEC is important not only for Pakistan and China but also for the other regional countries such as Afghanistan, Central Asian Republics, Iran and India. As international and regional politics follows interest’s game hence CPEC has also become matter of concerns for both regional and international players which has been amply illustrated by this research. These concerns are followed by arguments that CPEC may be seen in a broader perspective of interdependency with emphasis on strategic and economic dimensions guaranteeing regional connectivity and integration.
CPEC can serve as a main trade avenue not only for China and Pakistan but for Central Asian Republics, Afghanistan, Iran and India as well. This study has argued that CPEChas the potential of becoming an energy transit corridor for growing economies. It has advantagesfor India also in form of improved infrastructure, communication and access to CARs market. Simultaneously it imparts an opportunity of flourishing and trade to the Afghanistan’s industries. Iran can also have benefit by ensuring Chabahar port outstretched to CPEC.
CPEC has potential geopolitical risks as hostile environment of South Asia and the respective power rivalry and policy shift of world powers towards this region as manifested by the US pivot to Asia and the former concern over Chinese presence in the Arabian Sea in Asian region, Gulf states considering of Gwadar Port as rival port, Indian opposition of CPEC by arguing that it passes through Pakistan’s held Kashmir on which India has also claim.
China and Pakistan in order to escape proxy tussle in Baluchistan need to settle Indian apprehension about the project, Confidence Building Measures (CBM) must be incorporated in order to promote closer ties with Afghanistan, Pakistan must attempt for having stable relations with Iran in order to overcome impediments to the CPEC success. By making CPEC a reality the benefits will be reaped by whole region and the very enmity of India with Pakistan and China can be turned into mutual beneficial economic relations. If India becomes a partner in the project then certainly the concerns of India will be settled down.
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Hassan, Kiran. "CPEC: A win-win for China and Pakistan." Human Affairs 30, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2020-0020.
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AbstractThe China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is believed to be Beijing’s most ambitious project so far. Two types of apprehensions are often voiced to support this claim. First, it is widely argued that despite enjoying enduring strategic partnership for over five decades, Pakistan and China don’t match economically. The Chinese will get weary of the many challenges coming with the corrupt, inefficient and globally isolated Pakistan, seriously undermining the conclusion of the Chinese mammoth investment in CPEC Secondly, Pakistan’s prevailing environment of insecurity which is rife with Islamic militancy and domestic insurgency is thought to be posing serious threats to the construction of the corridor. This paper aims to explain why, despite possible concerns, the China Pakistan economic corridor will succeed.
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Jun. "Higher Education Exchanges between China and Pakistan under Belt and Road Initiative." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i2.140.
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China and Pakistan enjoy an all-weather relationship since the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1951. Over the past seven decades, the two sides developed iron-brother relationship which is recognize as the model of international relations. Entering into 21st century, the two countries starts to explore a solid educational exchanges with each other, and a growing number of universities and colleges in China and Pakistan started educational cooperation programs, with more and more Pakistani students coming to China to learn Chinese culture, language and majors. Meanwhile, many Chinese companies in Pakistan are in desperate need of talents who are familiar with Pakistan local situation and capable of speaking English, Chinese and the local language. The growing exchanges between the two countries in higher education promoted friendly relations between the two countries, and there is an increasing need for talents under the background of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. This paper will examine the educational exchanges between the two countries from four aspects: academic exchanges, China-Pakistan language programs, overseas students programs and educational platforms. The paper summaries the direction for future educational cooperation between the two countries.
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Ishaque, Waseem, Aman Ullah, and Safia. "CHINAS DEBT DIPLOMACY AND CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC): IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN." Global Political Review 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2018(iii-i).13.
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China has been investing in several countries under the ambit of BRI and regional economic corridors. The basic spirit behind such an initiative is to benefit the world from Chinas peaceful rise. However, the potential implications of the Debt Trap have been voiced, especially when the issue of Hambantota came to the limelight. This research article discusses the "potential debt trap", widely being propagated in popular international media, particularly in the United States and India that China has other secret plans to fulfill under the cover of economic support and infrastructure development. They try hard to establish that the Gwadar port and the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) will follow suit with the Hambantota port as experienced by Sri Lanka. This article presents a neutral analysis of the Hambantota Port Agreement and will compare it with Gwadar port and other mega projects of China Pakistan Economic Corridor
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Ali, Ahmed, and Fida Muhammad Khan. "Exporting the JF-17 Thunder: A way-out for Pakistan." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-i).04.
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Pakistan is facing a current account deficit. Boosting exports will help reduce the deficit and fetch the much needed foreign exchange. Exports of defense products can provide Pakistan economy with a major boost. The paper presents a discussion on the various benefits Pakistan can have if the defense products such as the JF-17 thunder, which is a multi-role jet fighter produced by PAC Kamra and CAC China, is sold. The research approach as adopted in this paper is qualitative. The possible markets for the Pakistani JF-17 have been identified. The paper recommends that the political leadership should effectively utilize its diplomatic channels in order to secure sales for Pakistan's JF-17's thunder. The successful sale of the aircraft would not only boost our economy but will also make Pakistan rise in the comity of nations.
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Javaid, Muhammad Nadeem, and Sikander Bizenjo. "CPEC Dynamics; Bilateral Currency Swap Agreement And Balance of Payment of Pakistan." Review of Economics and Development Studies 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/reads.v7i4.417.
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The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is considered as principal strategic component of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Both countries have signed deals to the tune of $46 billion in 2015. Now these investments and loans call for repatriation of profits and interests which are causing a burden on Pakistan’s, already fragile, Balance of Payments (BoP). This study investigates the impact of China – Pakistan bilateral currency swap agreement (BSA) on Pakistan’s BoP by exploring three similar cases of BSA’s of China with: New Zealand, Mongolia, and Ukraine. Our analysis shows that bilateral trade in all the three cases has felt a strong and positive outcome but China as the foremost winner. Our recommendations suggest how Pakistan could gain the full advantage of the BSA in short, medium, and long-term.
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Shahzad, Muhammad Aamir, Amar Razzaq, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Faisal Gulzar, Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer, and Nimra Nisar. "Opportunities for Agricultural Trade in the Context of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." Business and Economic Research 9, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i1.14263.
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The CPEC provides new avenues for agricultural trade between Pakistan and China. In this context, this study aims to explore the opportunities for trade between Pakistan, China, and the Central Asian States. To this end, the study analyzed the structure of agricultural exports and imports of Pakistan with China and the Central Asian States. China’s share in the production of agricultural commodities is dominant in the world. China’s per acre yield of pulses has the highest position in the world. The structure of Pakistan imports revealed that Pakistan spends billions of rupees on the imports of agricultural commodities. China’s import structure revealed that it spends billions of dollars on the imports of maize, wheat, rice, horticultural fruits, and vegetables. The Central Asian states also import wheat, meat products, agricultural inputs, and horticultural commodities from neighboring countries. The export/import volume of China with the Central Asian states has an almost equal share. However, the results indicate that there is a large gap between China and Pakistan’s export and import shares. China has a higher share of imports while Pakistan has low export share with China. The study recommends to the policymakers that the volume of export should be increased with China as well as the Central Asian states.
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Shah, Syed Mehmood Ali, and Wuh Hao. "Strategic Geopolitical Risk." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 10, no. 1 (January 2021): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2021010104.
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China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a key geopolitical move that guarantees releasing financial possibilities of Pakistan and China, and in addition, it expands the vital position of Pakistan. It underwrites that Pakistan would give a steady framework to change this move into a really interconnected world that advances harmony, advancement, and flourishing. CPEC is a cognizant exertion to accomplish participation in various fields including exchange, barrier, vitality, training, and science and innovation. Beginning their adventure from January 1963 from respective long-haul exchange assertion and going through various stages like facilitated commerce understanding in 2006-2007 to China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Pakistan's and China's “press fraternity” or “all climate kinship” is relied upon to be additionally fortified through this deliberately essential risk.
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Karim, Rehmat, Faqeer Muhammad, Javed Akhter Qureshi, Naveed Razzaq, and Akber Ali. "Environmental Pollution a Negative Externality from China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Policy implications for Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 3 (December 4, 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss3.2020.482.
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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) isconsidered as the ‘flagship’ project of China’s Belt andRoad Initiative (BRI) and has been widely acclaimedby both Chinese and Pakistani officials often terming itas ‘game-changer’ to overcome Pakistan’s lingeringissues of energy and economic crisis. Within theframework of CPEC, China is investing more than 56billion US dollars as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)in various energy and infrastructure projects includinga vast network of railways, highways, economic zonesand gas pipelines. While much has been debated andwritten about various projects under CPEC in theexisting academic discourses, vis-à-vis threats to thebiodiversity (Nabi et al., 2017), its potentialimplications to environmental hazards (Ali, 2018) andto overcome energy shortfall of Pakistan (Kugelman,2017). However, scientific study to reinforce the issuesof environmental pollution, particularly related toCEPEC coal-based energy projects have been stilllacking.The pertained literature on CPEC consisted qualitativestudies to inspect and judge different aspects such asimportance of CPEC for both countries and its effectson geo political of South Asia. Challenges for CPEC inPakistan, South Asia and foreign policy betweenChina-Pakistan), as Nan, (2015) explained that thisproject is not only valuable for Pakistan and China, butit is also beneficial for the global economy byincluding several other countries. Furthermore, Li andSun, (2015) and Irshad, etal, (2015) reported theimportance of CPEC and it long and short-termbenefits for both countries. Further, Hussain and Khan(2017) also stated that it will enhance the cooperationbetween two countries and advantageous for Chinese,Middle Eastern and South Asian people (Ali, 2016).Further, Wolf, (2017) explained the insights, potentialsand challenges concerning CPEC and domestic levelcooperation between China and Pakistan.In addition, quantitative studies focused to shed a lighton the impact of China Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC) (Such as, impact on gdp, socio-economy,trade, stock market, energy sector and infrastructure).CPEC will build rails and roads infrastructure andinfrastructure development may decrease the povertyand increases the agriculture development in Pakistan(Ahmed & Mustafa, 2016). Most recent articleexamined the impact of CPEC impact on energy(energy consumption and energy saving potential) inthe prospect of Pakistan (Mirza, Fatima, Ullah, 2019).A latest study surveyed in Pakistan and their researchresults shows that entrepreneur’s attitude andintentions to China and Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC) development is positive, it means CPECproject also designing an entrepreneurial environment(Kanwal et al., 2019).A large number of studies (Begum, etal., 2015; Ozturk,and Acaravci, 2010) have discussed various elementsand causes of CO2 emissions. Similarly, manyresearches (Khurshid, etal., 2018; Hadi, etal., 2018;Hussain, 2017; Hussain, 2015) on Pakistan-Chinarelations in the context of economy, society andgeopolitical point of view. Present study is aimed toinvestigate the CPEC development effects i.e. grossdomestic product (gdp), foreign direct investment (fdi),trade openness (top), energy consumption (enguse) onenvironmental pollution (CO2) in Pakistan usingFMOLS and DOLS methods.
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Khalid, Sabika, Endale Tadesse, Wang Muhua, and Deng Lei. "SWOT Analysis of Pakistan Education System: Impact of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor." Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v1i2.99.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to review the impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on the Pakistani educational sector. Furthermore, the study critically examines the present educational challenges of the Pakistan education system and CPEC logistics arrangement between China and Pakistan. Approach/Methodology/Design: We analyzed literature through SWOT analysis to review the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the context of education. Findings: The analysis indicated that CPEC not only benefits the economy and bilateral trade between the two countries but it also offers opportunity for Pakistan to adopt and access more policies to strengthen the educational sector of the country. The SWOT analysis also demonstrates that CPEC has more venues of opportunity rather than threats. Practical Implications: The study offers an overview of CPEC effect on education in Pakistan. Though it is mainly economy-driven, this study analyzes the CPEC with a focus on the effects on the educational system in Pakistan. This opens a venue for more engagement between the two countries in terms of training, academic exchange, and educational planning. Originality/value: This study examines the effects of CPEC on the education system in Pakistan. Most of the literature on CPEC is concerned about the economic effect. This study investigates how CPEC impacts the educational aspects in Pakistan.
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Sarfraz, Najam, Hassnain Moawia, and Humna Abdul Jabbar. "PAKISTAN’S STRATEGIC DEPTH IN AFGHANISTAN AMBIVALENCE AFTER THE TALIBAN-US AGREEMENT OF 2020." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 01 (March 31, 2022): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i1.678.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how Pakistan's choice of strategic depth affected the security environment between Afghanistan and Pakistan. After analysing the changing geopolitical landscape in Afghanistan in the wake of the US-Taliban agreement on February 29, 2020, this study also outlines numerous Pakistani strategic challenges and rational choices. Data was be collected and processed using primary documents, such as draughts of agreements between the United States of America and the Taliban, draughts of joint declarations of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the United States of America for bringing peace to Afghanistan, and official statements from the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the United States, China, Russia, Pakistan, Iran, and India. Research papers, think tank studies, newspaper sources, official statements from key players, and other secondary sources will be used to collect data. The prior research did not examine how Pakistan's rational decision to pursue strategic depth affected the Afghan-Pakistan issue, how this understanding is interpreted by defence policy stakeholders, or what other rational options Pakistan might have. This study has overcome this gap. Keywords: Strategic, Ambivalence, Taliban-US Agreement, Pakistan
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Muhammad Faisal. "Pakistan-China Relations: Beyond CPEC." Strategic Studies 40, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.040.02.0080.
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In recent years between 2013-18, Pakistan-China relations witnessed a qualitative transformation as the bilateral ties expanded from defence to the economic sphere. The cooperation under the framework of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is increasing Chinese investments in Pakistan’s energy and infrastructure sectors. Expanding avenues of bilateral cooperation has led to emergence of new dynamics in the bilateral relations. With increased inter-dependence, both countries are also navigating major power international politics. Beijing and Islamabad have increased their coordination for peace and stability in Afghanistan as well as at the multilateral forums including the United Nations (UN) and Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). Traditional strategic cooperation is deepening to meet new geo-strategic challenges. Beyond CPEC, closer strategic engagement will determine the future direction of bilateral relations. Thus, it is crucial to take stock of the evolving geo-political dynamics and their impact on strategic dimensions of the bilateral relations. This paper aims to move forward from this standpoint and seeks to explore what developments have taken place in bilateral relations beyond CPEC during past five years (2013-2018). Most crucially, it explores how Pakistan-China relations have evolved in an era of geo-political tensions. It analyses how CPEC dynamics have influenced the course of broader relationship. Similarly, the growing coordination of two countries at the multilateral forums is also explored as they attempt to navigate the major power politics.
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Noonari, Majid Ali, Shuja Ahmed Mahesar, and Naghma Mangrio. "PAKISTAN-CHINA STRATEGIC COOPERATION (1972- 2015)." Asia-Pacific - Annual Research Journal of Far East & South East Asia 39 (February 20, 2022): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4401.
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Pakistan’s search for security right after the independence led their policies to join western bloc in the midst of cold war due to threats posed from New Delhi and Kabul over territorial issues including Jammu & Kashmir issue, and Pak-Afghan Border. Pakistan’s foreign policy was driven by its commitment to Washington’s containment policy, which earned it hostility of communist bloc. Pakistan did not agreed to Washington’s policy of supporting New Delhi during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. This led Ayub Khan to explore other options and resulted in signing border agreement of 1963 with Beijing, which established the foundation of strategic partnership with Beijing. Islamabad played a significant role to end the Chinese isolation when it arranged the Nixon’s visit to Beijing in the early 1970s, which led to the Sino-US rapprochement. Since then, Beijing and Islamabad never looked back and have forged close association through the multilateral agreements over the years in the fields of military cooperation, nuclear cooperation as well as political and economic cooperation. The article summarizes the findings of doctoral studies by Noonari, which aims to explore the strategic cooperation between China and Pakistan and its impact over the US interests in the region.
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Nazir, Humaira. "Impact Assessment of Gwadar Port on China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Case Study." Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 4, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.41.04.
Full textAbstract:
China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is based on a broad development strategy that not only has a strong impact on the economy of both countries but also has the potential of inclusion with other regions of Asia. The improvement of trade and infrastructure, and the linking of different regions are the main objectives of CPEC. In this regard, Gwadar’s deep-sea port serves as a hub that offers potential economic benefits not only to Pakistan but also to its surrounding regions. It offers an efficient track to conduct the trade of the Central Asian natural resources with the other regions of the world along with an easy approach to developing Asia’s customer markets. This paper tries to identify the importance of the Gwadar port using the qualitative research approach. It also intends to ensure access to those opportunities that could resuscitate Pakistan’s economic development under CPEC. Moreover, it aims to analyze the strengths and weaknesses associated with the Gwadar project. The findings revealed that the Gwadar port will be a keystone in the economic revival of Pakistan as well as Baluchistan. It will change the fate of the country by decreasing poverty and generating employment for the educated and skilled young people by providing them with the opportunity to seek jobs in their home country. However, the current study suggests that it is only possible when the Pakistani government will address all the concerns of the local inhabitants and regional bodies in order to make Gwadar not only a national but also a regional economic hub. Political parties and the Pakistani government should develop consensus on all CPEC strategies and development plans. Additionally, the governments of Pakistan and China must make an equal opportunity-based policy and plan to address the reservations and concerns of the local parties.
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Nazir, Humaira. "Impact Assessment of Gwadar Port on China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Case Study." Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 4, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.41.04.
Full textAbstract:
China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is based on a broad development strategy that not only has a strong impact on the economy of both countries but also has the potential of inclusion with other regions of Asia. The improvement of trade and infrastructure, and the linking of different regions are the main objectives of CPEC. In this regard, Gwadar’s deep-sea port serves as a hub that offers potential economic benefits not only to Pakistan but also to its surrounding regions. It offers an efficient track to conduct the trade of the Central Asian natural resources with the other regions of the world along with an easy approach to developing Asia’s customer markets. This paper tries to identify the importance of the Gwadar port using the qualitative research approach. It also intends to ensure access to those opportunities that could resuscitate Pakistan’s economic development under CPEC. Moreover, it aims to analyze the strengths and weaknesses associated with the Gwadar project. The findings revealed that the Gwadar port will be a keystone in the economic revival of Pakistan as well as Baluchistan. It will change the fate of the country by decreasing poverty and generating employment for the educated and skilled young people by providing them with the opportunity to seek jobs in their home country. However, the current study suggests that it is only possible when the Pakistani government will address all the concerns of the local inhabitants and regional bodies in order to make Gwadar not only a national but also a regional economic hub. Political parties and the Pakistani government should develop consensus on all CPEC strategies and development plans. Additionally, the governments of Pakistan and China must make an equal opportunity-based policy and plan to address the reservations and concerns of the local parties.
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Jamil, Sobia, Syed Ali Shah, and Muhammad Shoaib Malik. "China-Pakistan Economic Interdependence." I IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(iv-i).09.
Full textAbstract:
This research paper presents an analytical overview of ChinaPakistan bilateral trade, Free Trade Agreements and Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan. Geo-economics has become a focal point in inter-state relations. Initially, geo-economics was analyzed by the theorists as an element of Geostrategic politics along with other elements for projecting power. According to realists and Neorealists, military power is the primary element of exercising power in global politics. Paul Kennedy was one of the leading scholars who discussed the relation between national power and economic resources of the country in his work entitled; The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers.