Journal articles: 'China pakistan relations latest'

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Hyder, Ghulam. "CPEC: Shifting Sands in Pakistan’s Foreign Policy." South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjhss.2022.v04i01.008.

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This paper is about the dramatic shifts in Pakistan’s diplomatic stance since its inception. The paper argues that Pakistan is unusual in having to depend upon short-term diplomacy to achieve the stability that other countries enjoy through long-term diplomacy. The article argues that this short-term diplomacy is the result of Pakistan being forced to improvise radically different diplomatic responses in the face of different and severe challenges in its international relations. Whilst the overriding challenge in Pakistan’s international relations has always been the existential threat posed by India, the shifting sands of alliances in its region between the U.S, China, Russia and India, wars and civil strife have prompted Pakistan to pivot alliances alternately between the U.S. and China whilst maintaining a difficult balancing act between them. The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the latest shift in the sands of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy in recent times.

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Haq, Abrar Ul, and Mubeen Adnan. "Peripheral Cold War: A Perspective Study of India and Pakistan Relations." Global International Relations Review V, no. III (September 30, 2022): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-iii).03.

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India and Pakistan have long history of animosity which is evident in their bilateral relations. Defining the politics of security is an attempt to first develop the comprehensive definition of security in India Pakistan case and engender certain knowledge that how the threats are surfacing in other aspects of state affairs. The political, economic and social sectors have associated with security while strategic relations of India and United States to counter China are also very important aspects of Pakistan security proposition. This research paper seeks to have a latest oversight to observe how these changing relations might incriminate the strategic environment of South Asia and specifically in Pakistan India relations and how the strategic importance of these periphery’s lead them to cooperate with strong states to get the military and economic benefits. The conflict and strategic relations with the powerful states to maintain the balance of power, forms the peripheral cold war.

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Anwar, Saba, Malik Adnan Khan, and Azeem Sarwar. "Minhas Majeed Khan, et al. (eds.). China-Pakistan Economic Corridor—A Game Changer. Islamabad, Pakistan: Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI). 2016. iii+164 Pages. Pak Rupees 500.00 (Hardback)." Pakistan Development Review 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v56i1pp.79-82.

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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor—A Game Changer is a collection of essays, written by experts in the fields of International Relations, Political Economy, Current Affairs, and Sino-Pak relations. The book takes its readers on an exuberant journey through the history of Silk Route to the One Belt, One-Road (OBOR) initiative and the political economy of the Sino-Pakistan relations. The book not only underscores the challenges that lie ahead in making the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) a success, but it also presents suggestions for making it a real game changer for development and prosperity of Pakistan, and the entire region. The book highlights the economic and political importance of CPEC by integrating analysis with the latest data. In the first article, Li Xiguang discusses the importance of the OBOR initiative. He asserts that “opening to both the east and the west”, China will become the centre of Central Asia. The idea of OBOR raised by China would not only achieve economic purposes but cultural, religious, and educational exchanges can also be made possible through this project. Historically, Silk Road had its own influence and it helped in shaping the governance and transportation of even the most distant countries and influenced the culture of even the remotest areas. In the past, the area around the CPEC has seen the ascent of the cultural centres of the world. The CPEC, which encompasses countries including Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Iran has once again put China on the central stage. The author feels that China needs to maintain social relationships and political cooperation with these nations. This initiative is shaping a new world order through common destiny, common interests, values, culture, and security.

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Bajwa, Ruqia Safdar. "Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable Groups: A Need for Mental Health Facilities." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v1i2.19.

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The latest challenge for the universe is Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019). Although it is not new for the entire medical world this recent outbreak is new in humans. It started in Wuhan, China through animal to human spread but later on it was evidenced as human to human spread. On January 30, WHO declared Public health emergency around the world but did not impose trade and travel restrictions. Following China, On 19 February Iran spoke about 2 deaths due to COVID-19. Pakistan shares its border with China and Iran and has trade and travel relations with both countries. So this virus was imported through travelers and 1st case was reported on 26 February in Pakistan (Health, 2020). Until today number of cases has been outstretched up to 28,736 while 636 deaths were reported (Worldometer, 2020). All these current scenarios, call for attention to the impact of this pandemic on mental health. When large numbers of people get sick or die as a result of epidemics or pandemics, it leads to greater risks for psychosocial problems. History reminds us that SARS was the 1st hard hit of the 21st Century and researchers reported the huge psychosocial impact of SARS upon people (Sim & Chua, 2004). A study by Nickell and colleagues elaborated on this impact and contributed towards the knowledge by carrying out the study in a Canada based teaching hospital during 2003 when the outbreak was at the peak. Emotional distress, psychiatric comorbidity, huge concerns for personal and family health were reported by the participants (Nickell et al., 2004). The substantial rise in anxiety is associated with deaths, news and quarantine (Lima et al., 2020).

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Jacob, Jabin T. "China–Pakistan Relations." China Report 46, no. 3 (August 2010): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944551104600304.

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The China–Pakistan relationship has seen several ups and downs in the last decade and especially since 9/11. While Sino-Pakistani ties remain strong, there has been a visible drawdown in Chinese political commitment to Pakistan. Partly, this has been because of Beijing’s concerns about political instability, including terrorism, in Pakistan, and the spread of Islamic radicalism from that country into China. In part, this has also been because China’s global political rise has meant that it is more conscious of its need to adhere to international norms, which includes refraining from nuclear proliferation to Pakistan. In this context, this article argues that one, India is no longer the central concern in the Sino-Pakistani relationship and two, New Delhi’s capacity to play the game-changer in the China–Pakistan relationship has grown over time.

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Muhammad Faisal. "Pakistan-China Relations: Beyond CPEC." Strategic Studies 40, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.040.02.0080.

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In recent years between 2013-18, Pakistan-China relations witnessed a qualitative transformation as the bilateral ties expanded from defence to the economic sphere. The cooperation under the framework of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is increasing Chinese investments in Pakistan’s energy and infrastructure sectors. Expanding avenues of bilateral cooperation has led to emergence of new dynamics in the bilateral relations. With increased inter-dependence, both countries are also navigating major power international politics. Beijing and Islamabad have increased their coordination for peace and stability in Afghanistan as well as at the multilateral forums including the United Nations (UN) and Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). Traditional strategic cooperation is deepening to meet new geo-strategic challenges. Beyond CPEC, closer strategic engagement will determine the future direction of bilateral relations. Thus, it is crucial to take stock of the evolving geo-political dynamics and their impact on strategic dimensions of the bilateral relations. This paper aims to move forward from this standpoint and seeks to explore what developments have taken place in bilateral relations beyond CPEC during past five years (2013-2018). Most crucially, it explores how Pakistan-China relations have evolved in an era of geo-political tensions. It analyses how CPEC dynamics have influenced the course of broader relationship. Similarly, the growing coordination of two countries at the multilateral forums is also explored as they attempt to navigate the major power politics.

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Jaleel, Sabahat, and Habibullah. "China-Pakistan Relations under CPEC." Global International Relations Review IV, no. III (September 30, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2021(iv-iii).03.

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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project was signed in 2015between Pakistan and China. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with different experts, such as intellectuals, politicians, and historians. Pakistan, being the neighboring country of China, did not miss the opportunity and responded to the call seriously and developed diplomatic relations with China in 1950. Pakistan became one of the few countries which recognized China at the earliest. For the last many decades, China has been providing military, technical, and economic assistance to the government of Pakistan. A qualitative research method has been used to achieve the research goals. This article explains how the growing investment of China establishes mutual interdependence for both countries. Since then, both countries have enjoyed the strength and perpetuity of bilateral relations.

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Wazir, Bushra. "STRENGTHENING OF PAKISTAN AND CHINA RELATIONS THROUGH CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR." Journal of Pakistan-China Studies (JPCS) 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55733/jpcs.v1i1.24.

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The friendship of China and Pakistan is as old as they came into being. They maintained a very cordial, friendly and strong bond since its inception. In 1951 after the formal establishment of diplomatic relations, the People’s Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have seen their relationship ever consolidating and progressing. Throughout different historical periods and despite changes with the times, Chinese and Pakistani governments and people have been working hard to enrich the friendship, and have set a model for friendly bilateral ties between different cultures, social systems and ideologies. In 2015 Chinese President Xi Jinping and Pakistani president Nawaz Sharif properly announced the project China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Both the government of China and Pakistan have deeply realized the importance of developing the CPEC, starting from Kashgar in Xinjiang, China, and reaching Karachi and Gwadar, southern coastal cities in Pakistan via the Khunjerab Pass and several other nodal areas, for cementing China Pakistan economic relations, promoting friendly cooperation and establishing people to people contact between the two countries. CPEC is an economic and development project for the benefit of the people of the region. It will connect Pakistan to Central Asia via the Eurasian Land-Bridge planned under China’s “Belt and Road” initiative. This project is going to be completed in four major phases. Despite all the significance, it faces some challenges from the hostile neighbour of Pakistan: India. Yet, its significance is manifold which covers these challenges.

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Yasee, Zahid, Zakir Hussain, and Ammara Cheema. "China-Pakistan Strategic and Defensive Relations." Pakistan Social Sciences Review 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2017(1-ii)03.

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Sun Weidong. "Pakistan-China Relations: CPEC and Beyond." Policy Perspectives 14, no. 2 (2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/polipers.14.2.0003.

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Shaffer, Ryan. "China-Pakistan relations: a historical analysis." International Affairs 94, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 963–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiy111.

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Kasi, Mirwais, Abdul Qadir, and Adil Zaman Kasi. "Pakistan-China Relations and Central Asian Republics." Global International Relations Review V, no. I (March 30, 2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-i).02.

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Pakistan-China relationship has survived the test of time and denotes the phrase of respect,advantages to both sides, and natural alignment. Both nations provided support for each other at regional and international levels, which not only worked to secure their own interests but is also attracting other regional actors to explore advantages for themselves out of the time-tested friendship of Pakistan-China.Central Asian Republics are also attracted to Pakistan-China as to benefit in multidimensional aspects. The Central Asian Republics desire for access to their energy resources to consumers, while Pakistan and China's objectives in Central Asia have been driven by their diplomatic, security obligations, economic advantages,and their aspiration to become an energy transit corridor in the region. Pakistan-China relations and their targets increase the interdependence environment between all these actors, which also provides an impetus where Pakistan-China rising influence in Central Asian Republics is anticipated. The significance of this article is that it analyzes the two prongs of Pakistan-China's growing influence in Central Asian Republics;the first is based on unilateral efforts of the two countries to explore more areas of cooperation with Central Asian Republics and the second is based in Pakistan-China bilateral relations impact on Central Asian Republics.

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Mushtaq, Faiqa. "Prospects for Pak-China Relations." Global Political Review IV, no. IV (December 30, 2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-iv).06.

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South Asia is in focus of global geopolitics since the advent of the 21st century. China is an economic giant and outreaching towards West through Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). CPEC (part of BRI) has brought Pakistan in streamline in regional geopolitics. United States (US) is worried about Chinas rise, for its national interests are in danger in Asia so, it perused Pivot to Asia strategy to counter China in Asia while manipulating India. This situation has increased Pakistans importance for China. The article will assess Pak-China cordial relations and answer the following questions. Will Pakistan be helpful to China in addressing the challenges to regional peace? How will Pak-China cooperation counter Indo-US strategic partnership? What are Pak-China mutual efforts to curb terrorism?

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Jamil, Sobia, Syed Ali Shah, and Muhammad Shoaib Malik. "China-Pakistan Economic Interdependence." I IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(iv-i).09.

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This research paper presents an analytical overview of ChinaPakistan bilateral trade, Free Trade Agreements and Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan. Geo-economics has become a focal point in inter-state relations. Initially, geo-economics was analyzed by the theorists as an element of Geostrategic politics along with other elements for projecting power. According to realists and Neorealists, military power is the primary element of exercising power in global politics. Paul Kennedy was one of the leading scholars who discussed the relation between national power and economic resources of the country in his work entitled; The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers.

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Naz, Asmat. "China-pakistan Relations and Regional Development in the Context of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v4i2.497.

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Pakistan and China as all weather strategic partners have a history of glorious friendly relations. Both countries always try to make strong these relations through different geo-political, strategic and economic projects/agreements. The Pak-China Economic Corridor (CPEC) is also a key to make strong economic relations of both countries. It is considered to be an extension of China’s proposed 21st century Silk Road initiative and considered a centre for their relations. It is a huge project under construction that will undertake the construction of highway and railway links running through the areas from Gwadar in Baluchistan and culminating in Kashgar in western China, while passing through the regions of Baluchistan, Sindh, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Gilgit-Baltistan (Khunjrab Pass) and run through most vital geostrategic locations. It will connect Pakistan with China and the Central Asian countries by the highway connecting Kashgar to Khunjrab and Gwadar. The CPEC is of high significance, as it making this region more economically viable, stable and sustainable. It is also one of many mega projects planned by China in Central, South and South East Asia for expanding its political and economic influence to counter the US influence in the region. China has made an attempt to fulfill multiple interests of its own by the financial investments in region on CPEC. It shall act as a trade bridge between China, Middle East and Europe through Pakistan and proved a source of economic benefits. The paper through the empirical and inductive research approach tries to identify the China-Pakistan relations and the regional development by the construction of CPEC. In this paper makes consideration of the main traits of the CPEC on both regions. It also emphasizes on the impacts on the economic situation of Pakistan at regional and global levels as well.

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Erie, Matthew S. "A Brief History of Pakistan–China Legal Relations." Made in China Journal 6, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/mic.06.02.2021.17.

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Jun and Masood Khalid. "Changing Geo-Political Dynamics Of China-Pakistan Relations." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i3.217.

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In the 1940’s , China emerged as a new country on the world map. Pakistan was founded two years earlier than China. The geopolitical dynamics brought the two countries together ever since. While facing their own internal or external challenges, the two sides developed a close partnership in culture, society, and ideology, setting up a unique example of mutual understanding and cooperation. This article gives a detailed discussion and analysis on the relations of the two countries from a geopolitical perspective from 1950s to 2020s, a span of 70 years. The article starts with the diplomatic relations between the two sides in the 1950s, when the first generation leaders developed the diplomatic ties in a positive way. The friendship moved forward with frequent official visits, the building of the Karakorum Highway, the secret channel Pakistan played for China to establish diplomatic ties with US, mutual support on international issues. In the 21st century, the two sides enhanced their relations to all weather strategic relations under the background of BRI and CPEC. The article draws the conclusion that China's elevation and economic preeminence is shaping a new, prosperous and vibrant region. South Asia’s demographic and huge economic potential are promising. The two countries can join hands together to make this dream of a prosperous, secure and peaceful region by aligning with those who wish to win the race, leaving losers behind.

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Pant, Harsh V. "The Pakistan Thorn in China–India–U.S. Relations." Washington Quarterly 35, no. 1 (February 2012): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163660x.2012.642294.

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Parveen, Saima, and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah. "China Pakistan Economic Corridor:." Central Asia 85, Winter (January 20, 2020): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-85.11.

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In the changing regional geo-political scenario China, Pakistan and other regional countries are set to play a vital role in the emerging regional economic corridor. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as part of “One Belt, One Road” grand strategy connect countries with China through economic collaboration extending from South East Asia to the Europe through maritime and land routes comprised of emerging markets of Africa and Middle East energy resources. This paper has investigated the significance of CPEC in parlance of theoretical framework of complex interdependence because the phenomenon of interdependence has tied state and non-state entities in economic and strategic dimensions. Regional connectivity results from systematic, upgraded and need-based interaction in perspective of CPEC for socio-economic, industrial, energy and trade development. CPEC is important not only for Pakistan and China but also for the other regional countries such as Afghanistan, Central Asian Republics, Iran and India. As international and regional politics follows interest’s game hence CPEC has also become matter of concerns for both regional and international players which has been amply illustrated by this research. These concerns are followed by arguments that CPEC may be seen in a broader perspective of interdependency with emphasis on strategic and economic dimensions guaranteeing regional connectivity and integration. CPEC can serve as a main trade avenue not only for China and Pakistan but for Central Asian Republics, Afghanistan, Iran and India as well. This study has argued that CPEChas the potential of becoming an energy transit corridor for growing economies. It has advantagesfor India also in form of improved infrastructure, communication and access to CARs market. Simultaneously it imparts an opportunity of flourishing and trade to the Afghanistan’s industries. Iran can also have benefit by ensuring Chabahar port outstretched to CPEC. CPEC has potential geopolitical risks as hostile environment of South Asia and the respective power rivalry and policy shift of world powers towards this region as manifested by the US pivot to Asia and the former concern over Chinese presence in the Arabian Sea in Asian region, Gulf states considering of Gwadar Port as rival port, Indian opposition of CPEC by arguing that it passes through Pakistan’s held Kashmir on which India has also claim. China and Pakistan in order to escape proxy tussle in Baluchistan need to settle Indian apprehension about the project, Confidence Building Measures (CBM) must be incorporated in order to promote closer ties with Afghanistan, Pakistan must attempt for having stable relations with Iran in order to overcome impediments to the CPEC success. By making CPEC a reality the benefits will be reaped by whole region and the very enmity of India with Pakistan and China can be turned into mutual beneficial economic relations. If India becomes a partner in the project then certainly the concerns of India will be settled down.

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Allauddin, Hongsong Liu, and Raja Qaiser Ahmed. "The Changing Dynamics and New Developments of China–Pakistan Relations." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 76, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928419901195.

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The China–Pakistan relation has historical underpinning. By establishing diplomatic relations in 1951, each passing decade has witnessed that China–Pakistan relations coalesce into a dependable friendship. This relationship has gone beyond the usual diplomatic and political comfortability transcending to a broad-based framework incorporating economics, trade and defence dimensions. In the given context, this paper is an empirical study aiming to examine the historical process in the gradual culmination of China–Pakistan relations into a broad-based partnership. It further evaluates the present nature of relationship between the two countries and the prospects it holds in the wake of changing world scenario. By primarily focusing on the secondary sources of data and interviewing key people from the decision-making circles, this paper argues that the China–Pakistan relation is deep-rooted in the history and the on-going collaboration between China and Pakistan in defence and economy is the natural evolution of their mutual ties.

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Jahangir, Javeria. "Pak-China Defense Cooperation and Evolving International Relations." Forman Journal of Social Sciences 02, no. 01 (December 17, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32368/fjss.20220207.

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This study is about the impact of different global and regional changes resulting from PakistanChina’s defense cooperation and further examines the increasing range of diplomatic cooperation in the social, tactical, and economic realms. The paper focuses on three events: (i) the 1978 transformation of China and its opening-up policies; (ii) disbanding of the U.S.S.R (1991); and (iii) the event of 9/11 in the United States. These events had a significant influence on Pak-China ties. This study is a literature review and contributes to a better understanding of the evolving international systems namely the India-U.S. tactical relations and strategic cooperation. The paper concludes that China and Pakistan need to preserve amicable, strategic, and diplomatic connections with one another as it is necessary for the peace, security, and economic development of not only China and Pakistan but for the region overall. Keywords: Pakistan-China Relations, Indian Concern, Regional Peace, Defense Cooperation,

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Iqbal, Nayyer, and Umbreen Javaid. "CPEC: The U.S. Stance and its Impact on Pakistan-U.S. Relations." Global Political Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-i).17.

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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a cluster of infrastructure-build-up projects for Pakistan with Chinese assistance was signed in 2013. The Rise of China had kept the U.S. perturbed for the last two decades, however its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) added salt to injury. The U.S. expressed its displeasure over CPEC, its policy makers gradually started bracketing Pakistan with China. At a juncture, when the U.S. was already unhappy with Pakistan due to numerous Afghanistan- related developments, its serious discomfort with CPEC impacted the bilateral relations considerably. The U.S. has been close to Pakistan since its independence particularly during Afghan War and War on Terror both economically and militarily. Similarly, China is an all-weather friend and natural strategic ally against India. The CPEC-oriented grudge has brought the U.S. closer to India which is a serious concern for Islamabad. The question of balancing relations between U.S. and China perplexes Pakistan policymakers.

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YASMEEN, SAMINA. "India and Pakistan: Why the Latest Exercise in Brinkmanship?" Australian Journal of Politics & History 34, no. 1 (April 7, 2008): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1988.tb00795.x.

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Freddy, Haans J. "China, India & Pakistan strategic triangle – the Pakistan factor in Sino-Indian relations." Global Affairs 6, no. 4-5 (October 19, 2020): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1871300.

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Nitza-Makowska, Agnieszka. "The Implications of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor for Pakistan–European Union Relations." Nowa Polityka Wschodnia 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/npw20202402.

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Hussain, Iqtidar, Israr Hussain, and Iqrar Hussain Qambari. "History of Pakistan–China Relations: The Complex Interdependence Theory." Chinese Historical Review 27, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1547402x.2020.1831176.

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Muhammad Munir. "Pakistan-China Strategic Interdependence: Post-9/11 Imperatives." Strategic Studies 38, no. 2 (August 9, 2018): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.02.00148.

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To understand Pakistan-China relations, it is necessary to discuss the evolution and development of their long term bilateral relations including factors and the environment that led to the consolidation of their strategic interdependence. The two countries initiated their bilateral relations by forging diplomatic ties and become close partners. They further engaged and consolidated their strategic interdependence and termed it as ‘Iron Brothers.’ This paper analyses basis of comprehensive cooperation under the different phases of Pakistan-China relations and the imperatives of interdependence between the two countries. It focuses on China’s importance and engagement in the emerging dynamics of South Asia, especially India’s efforts for regional superiority and its partnerships with major powers, particularly with the US. The outcome of discussion reflects that in the post 9/11 period, the imperatives of regional security, especially the growing Indo-US copertaion, added new dimensions to the Pakistan-China relationship.

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Muhammad Faisal. "Impact of Geo-economics on Pak-China Strategic Relations." Strategic Studies 38, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.01.00162.

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Geo-economics is becoming an integral component of inter-state relations. States are employing economic instruments to project their power, thus, redefining their traditional relations with other states. Pakistan and China view each other as strategic partners. Over the decades, China has extended considerable economic, military and technical assistance to Pakistan. As both neighbours expand their economic relationship through infrastructure development and trade corridors, including the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), such cooperation will directly interact with their existing strategic partnership. Beijing and Islamabad have been pursuing their geo-strategic interests in a framework that is progressively being shaped by geo-economics. The Chinese role and interests, in shaping the regional security order, are increasing. Geo-economic instruments are being employed to achieve geo-strategic objectives in a region, which is already marked by conflict and instability. This study explores how expanding economic relationship between Beijing and Islamabad will influence the bilateral strategic engagement, and in turn, impact the dynamics of the regional security.

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Ali, Syed Ahtsham, Jahanzaib Haider, Muhammad Ali, Syed Irfan Ali, and Xu Ming. "Emerging Tourism between Pakistan and China: Tourism Opportunities via China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." International Business Research 10, no. 8 (July 21, 2017): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n8p204.

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Background: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega-project worth more than 54 billion US dollars, as a result of which bilateral relations between Pakistan and China reached new heights. The CPEC is designed to facilitate the establishment of links between Pakistan and the road network, railways and pipelines in conjunction with energy, industrial and other infrastructure projects to ensure the critical energy shortage necessary to enhance the economic growth in Pakistan.Objective: The main purpose of this article is to shed light on promotion of mutual understanding on China's initiative for the revival of the Silk Road and the benefits and challenges for the tourism industry which the CPEC can bring to the neighboring countries, especially Pakistan. A very new project will give us plenty of room to develop a number of innovative points greatly to improve the quality of services and the overall tourist experience in these new tourist destinations.Methodology: Qualitative research and analysis with the help of online research and data collection; the study of excellence in individual scenarios tourist sites, focusing on the aspects of service and policy will be useful to improve tourism on both sides via the Silk Road. Authors also collected data from tourist websites and recommend top rated tourist attractions on Silk Road from Khunjrab pass (border between china and Pakistan) to Gawadar, Pakistan. These tourists’ attraction are hints for tourists, travel agents and new researchers.

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Anwar, Brigadier Muhammad Shakoor. "Relevance and Significance of Pak- China Relationship for USA in Changing Regional Dynamics." Journal of Law & Social Studies 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.02.02.8795.

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Pakistan and China enjoy the bilateral and friendly diplomatic relations since 1951. Both countries are trustworthy allies of one another. China has always backed Pakistan in the difficult matters to stabilize the geo-political and geo-economic situation in the region. Although, Pakistan also enjoys good diplomatic relations with America but down the line these relations and ties weakened due to increasing mistrust and unreliability between both the countries. Pakistan had various occasions has been ally of the United States (US) such as War against USSR in Afghanistan. But after the war the US has put sanctions on Pakistan and tensions between both countries arose. On the other hand, China has always supported Pakistan stance even in the wars against India. These relations took a new turn with the Chinese project of Belt Road Initiative (BRI) generally and China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) from 2013 onwards. This huge transformation of Pak-China dealings seen the two-sided connections long-drawn-out from military to the economic domain. The collaboration under CPEC, with increased investment of China in building Pakistan’s power and infrastructure segments. The deepening relations of China and Pakistan and Pakistan’s decreasing dependency on the US has grabbed attention of the USA. America has moved its all energies to East Asia from the European and Arab countries. Therefore, the aim of current study is to look headlong from this viewpoint and pursue to sightsee and explore the expansions that took place in two-sided associations outside CPEC keeping the US stance on this collaboration and its significance.

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31

Finan, William W. "China According to Henry." Current History 110, no. 737 (September 1, 2011): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2011.110.737.251.

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32

Ali, Iftikhar, Imran Ali Noonari, and Pervaiz Ali Mahesar. "UNDERSTANDING PAK-CHINA RELATIONS THROUGH CPEC: GEOSTRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTH ASIA." Asia-Pacific - Annual Research Journal of Far East & South East Asia 38 (February 5, 2021): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.47781/asia-pacific.vol38.iss0.3004.

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In the prevailing geopolitical environment, China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the new addition with hopes of exploring new horizons in economic cooperation and expected to have regional and global geopolitical implications. Strategic thinkers, policy-makers, and scholars have heralded CPEC as a magnificent trade and investment project of future geopolitics. Yet many analysts have raised their eyebrows about the USA and Chinese competition ultimately seeking robust security and economic strategy by China and Pakistan to avoid Indo-US designs. The objective of this study is to focus on the all-weather relationship, which China and Pakistan are enjoying with shared goals and interests in the region. This article focuses on the China and Pakistan relations while keeping in mind the emerging strategic partnership of the United States with Pakistan’s belligerent neighbour India through a neo-realistic perspective focused on structure and anarchy in the international political system.

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Shafi, Muhammad, and Ahmed Farhan Saeed. "Sino-Pak Relations (The Dominant Dimension through the Lens of Print Media)." Central Asia 87, Winter (April 6, 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-87.119.

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Media, influences topics of public importance. In academia, the recent crescendo in Pak-China relationship is interpreted variedly, such as economic, political, security/strategic, social and even a section of society conjectures China as the second East India Company. The increasing reputation of China in Pakistan, projection of projects such as CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor) and frequent reflection of the same in national media, also triggers the academic discussion. This study attempts to highlight various Dimensions of Pak-China relations under the framework of Agenda setting theory and to find out what dimensions, in particular, economic, political, security/strategic and social, dominate this relation? The methodology employed is mainly qualitative, sprinkled with empirical elements, such as data on Pak-China relations, drawn from print media of Pakistan. This might prove one modicum way to determine the nature of Pak-China relationship.

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34

Bajpai, Kanti. "Pakistan and China in Indian Strategic Thought." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 62, no. 4 (December 2007): 805–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200706200406.

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35

Madiwale, Ajay, and Kudrat Virk. "Civil–military relations in natural disasters: a case study of the 2010 Pakistan floods." International Review of the Red Cross 93, no. 884 (December 2011): 1085–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311200032x.

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AbstractIn 2010, Pakistan was struck by devastating floods, the latest in a series of disasters to strike the country in recent years. As it had during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, the Pakistan military played a significant operational and co-ordination role in the humanitarian response that followed. Its role raised important questions about civil–military relations between humanitarian actors and national (as opposed to international) militaries. This article looks at the interaction between the humanitarian community and the Pakistan military in responding to the 2010 floods in order to identify key successes and challenges. It also highlights a number of issues that emerged in the context of Pakistan but that may also be relevant to civil–military relations – particularly between the humanitarian community and the national military of an affected state – in other natural disaster and complex emergency settings.

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Farooq, Sobia, and Zahid Yousaf. "MEDIA FRAMING AND FOREIGN POLICY- DECISION MAKING: AN ANALYSIS OF PAK CHINA RELATIONSHIP (MEDIA PERSPECTIVE JAN 2012 TO DEC 2013)." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 1058–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.601.

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The present research Media Framing and Foreign policy- Decision Making: An analysis of Pak China relationship (Media perspective Jan 2012 to Dec 2013) is related and focused on the Pak China foreign relations, its media framing and impact of media framing on policy formulation. Basically, this study analyses the role of both foreign policy makers on media how they make them to interpret the policies through editorials and of Media how they help in formulating the policies or in decision makings. This article analysis the relationship study of China with Pakistan with respect to mutual and national interest. It explores how china and Pakistan take stands on certain issues and formulates foreign relationship with each other according to its diplomatic relations and requirements. The study is the result of the content analysis of newspapers of Pakistan and China, the study emphasis on the editorial coverage of selected newspaper, it examines the content of selected editorials according to the selected categories, and it helps in analyzing the relationship between media content and foreign policy in the china and Pakistan. Keywords: Framing, national interest, foreign policy, Pakistan, China, democracy, and diplomatic relations.

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Aslam, Muhammad, Uzma Naz, Zakir Hussain, and Muhammad Irfan Ahamad. "Pakistan-China Relations and its Implication for India (2008-2018)." Journal of South Asian Studies 10, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.010.02.4091.

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This paper has described a chief question that “What are the impacts of Pak-China relations on India and its regional implications during the period of 2008-18”? Within this framework, the paper has endeavored to examine ongoing progression in economic, strategic and political domains of bilateral kindreds amongst both countries China and Pakistan. 1978 reforms of China and initial strategy, breakdown of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and mainly the incident of 9/11 at world trade center were the key changes that categorized the South Asian, global and the regional politics. If we can talk about regarding the global framework, the calculation allocated with developing global order. On other end, if we can talk about the regional framework, this paper talked evolving relations of Pakistan, India and China, as significant participants of the south Asian region. It has also a significant for the financial, strategic and dogmatic, requirements of the South Asia too.

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Basit, Saira H. "Terrorizing the CPEC: managing transnational militancy in China–Pakistan relations." Pacific Review 32, no. 4 (November 14, 2018): 694–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2018.1516694.

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Niazi, Komal, Muhammad Shoaib, and Azeem Khalid. "An Ethnographic Study of Cross-Cultural Relations between China and Pakistan under the Umbrella of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." Asian Journal of Social Science 48, no. 3-4 (September 24, 2020): 274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04803005.

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Abstract Cultural exchange between Pakistani and Chinese citizens increased after the launch of CPEC. Cooperation and understanding between the governments extended to collaboration and acceptance among the people. And people-to-people relations between the two sides strengthened. Students, artists, sportspersons, businesspeople, professionals, and workers travelled and developed a rapport with locals. A detailed study of the Sahiwal coal power plant and nearby villages, comprising data collection through fieldwork, shows that despite cultural diversity, managers and workers from both sides accepted the cultural diversity and worked for mutual benefit. People working at the power plant exchanged material and non-material cultures with each other that helped them manage cultural diversity. And they strengthened cross-cultural relations, for their exchanges were rewarding and mutually beneficial.

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40

Jun. "Higher Education Exchanges between China and Pakistan under Belt and Road Initiative." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i2.140.

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China and Pakistan enjoy an all-weather relationship since the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1951. Over the past seven decades, the two sides developed iron-brother relationship which is recognize as the model of international relations. Entering into 21st century, the two countries starts to explore a solid educational exchanges with each other, and a growing number of universities and colleges in China and Pakistan started educational cooperation programs, with more and more Pakistani students coming to China to learn Chinese culture, language and majors. Meanwhile, many Chinese companies in Pakistan are in desperate need of talents who are familiar with Pakistan local situation and capable of speaking English, Chinese and the local language. The growing exchanges between the two countries in higher education promoted friendly relations between the two countries, and there is an increasing need for talents under the background of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. This paper will examine the educational exchanges between the two countries from four aspects: academic exchanges, China-Pakistan language programs, overseas students programs and educational platforms. The paper summaries the direction for future educational cooperation between the two countries.

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Author, Asia Maqsood. "China-Pakistan Strategic Partnership and India’s Regional Ambitions in South Asia." Strategic Studies 41, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.041.03.0044.

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Post-9/11 dynamic global political developments and the growing Indo-US strategic partnership has compelled Pakistan to seek strategic partnership with China and geared at maintaining the balance of power in South Asia. India is maximising its resources under the umbrella of Indo-US strategic partnership and working with the US on various sectors such as security, defence and energy to pursue its aspirations to be a regionally dominant power and to possess a blue water navy. Pakistan unaided and alone cannot counterbalance India’s regional ambitions. Thus, Pakistan with China established a strategic partnership to counter India’s hegemonic ambitions in the South Asian region. This paper will raise some questions about the latest contours of this partnership. Prime amongst them is: what kind of role is this partnership playing in South Asia? The paper argues that a China-Pakistan strategic partnership built around the development of Gwadar Port and the China Pakistan Economic Corridor is playing the role of a balancer against India’s regional ambitions in South Asia. India has some serious security concerns about these mega development projects apprehending their geostrategic importance not only for both countries but also for the entire region. A neo-realist theoretical approach is used to describe both countries ‘strategic partnership’ in this paper. The paper further argues that India’s claim that the corridor route passes through the disputed territory of Northern Pakistan will not stop China and Pakistan from continuing the project.

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42

Lopes, João. "Pakistan-China Relations in the Big Context of the “Belt and Road Initiative”: An Analysis of the Political Reverberations on the Pakistan-China-India Relations." Revista Portuguesa de Ciência Política / Portuguese Journal of Political Science 13 (2020): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-2078.rpcp2020.13/pp.33-48.

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The “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) is a massive infrastructure investment plan with a long-lasting strategic rational in its essence, namely the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) imply potential political consequences on the geopolitical basis and the regional balance of power, given that China-Pakistan relations converge on a common adversary — India. Nevertheless, China-Pakistan relations converged in the CPEC brings strategic assets for both of them, mostly to China, addressing the fact that this project implies a big shift of strategic Chinese thought, in the sense that it envisions alternative routes for the energy resources transportation, trade and, all together, Chinese influence in the Central Asia and Middle East area, at the same time, bringing development with consequences to these countries. Altogether, CPEC, and BRI in general, makes India very aware and apprehensive of this reality and the power shift of the regional balance of power to China, making the former respond with projects of its own. So, the strategic thought of China materialized by BRI will have serious consequences to the region, mostly to India.

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43

Yeung, Wing Him, Yilisha Pang, and Asad Aman. "South–South Cooperation in South and East Asia: An Event Study of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor." Global Business Review 21, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150919850415.

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South–South cooperation has been on the rise in recent years. One of the latest examples is the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) proposed by the Chinese and Pakistani governments in 2013. Using event study methodology, this article examines the impact of events and announcements associated with CPEC on the Pakistan Stock Exchange in Pakistan and the Shanghai Stock Exchange in China. The first key finding of this article is that the initial announcement associated with CPEC had stronger and positive short-term impact on the Pakistan Stock Exchange in comparison with the impact of subsequent CPEC events on the stock market. The second key finding is that the short-term impact of the CPEC initial announcement was stronger on the Pakistan Stock Exchange than on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, possibly due to the substantial difference in the size of the two economies. The empirical results of this article have important implications for investors, corporations and regulators to the Global South.

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Kanwal, Shamsa, Ren Chong, and Abdul Hameed Pitafi. "China–Pakistan economic corridor projects development in Pakistan: Local citizens benefits perspective." Journal of Public Affairs 19, no. 1 (November 29, 2018): e1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pa.1888.

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45

Sinha, Satyabrat. "The Strategic Triangle: India- China -Pakistan." China Report 40, no. 2 (May 2004): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944550404000212.

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46

Waheed, Ahmed Waqas. "State Sovereignty and International Relations in Pakistan." South Asia Research 37, no. 3 (September 24, 2017): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728017725624.

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In Pakistan, the field of international relations (IR) theory remains firmly embedded in the ‘realist’ tradition, to the detriment of a wider range of considerations. This stranglehold, strengthened by the particular evolutionary trajectory of the Pakistani state as well as a complacent academia, seems to have created a vicious circle of knowledge reproduction, reinforced by various bids for power, or proximity to it. This article scrutinises specifically the dominant understandings in Pakistan of state sovereignty and security in a broadly historical perspective, showing how the rise of the military, combined with security paranoia, has prevented academic creativity in this field, including scrutiny of recent concerns over rather close China–Pakistan links.

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47

YUAN, Jingdong. "The China Factor in South Korea's Foreign Relations." East Asian Policy 08, no. 01 (January 2016): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930516000131.

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South Korea's foreign relations under President Park are characterised by a carefully crafted and balanced approach in both strengthening the traditional alliance with the United States and promoting a strategic partnership with China. The latter in particular is driven by the need to further expand economic ties and the hope that Beijing can help rein in Pyongyang's behaviours. North Korea's latest provocations threaten to unravel the premise of this approach.

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Jaleel, Sabahat, Shabnam Gul, and Zahid Akbar. "China-India Relations under Modi Regime and Pakistan's Concerns." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. IV (December 30, 2019): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-iv).58.

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China and India are rising powers of Asia. Both Asian giants have to adopt the policy of interdependence by growing economic ties; on the other side, they have a strict stance on border disputes. This article describes in detail the bilateral relationship between China-India, especially under the Modi doctrine, during his first term. Secondly, it also discusses the limitation of these growing ties and growing concerns for Pakistan. The basic argument of this article is that the growing economic interdependence will affect Pakistan, especially if this interdependence transfer from the economic to military dimension. The whole data is based on exploratory in nature. A qualitative research method has been used to achieve the research goals. Tools used for data collection include oral interviews and content analysis of the existing literature on the subject in the form of books, official reports and research articles. The relevant literature has been objectively analyzed to reach a meaningful conclusion.

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Minhas Majeed Khan and Mirwais Kasi. "Pakistan-China Relations: Developments in Economic and Security Areas in the 21st Century." Strategic Studies 37, no. 3 (October 16, 2017): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.037.03.00209.

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Considering new trends in global politics, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan appreciates the peaceful rise of the Peoples Republic of China. The well-established Pak-China camaraderie entered the 21st century with the new hopes of exploring innovative economic opportunities. The paper examines this relationship based on the interest of both the countries to be vigilant of the emerging regional and global scenario and to come up with appropriate economic and security strategy to meet their common challenges. The prospects of Pak-China relations reveal its significant impact on the global politics in future. This article spotlights the adjustments and the new areas of cooperation, which China and Pakistan explored in their relations. Keeping in mind the belligerent neighbour of Pakistan i.e., India and China’s relationship with India and the US, from the perspective of neorealist school of thought this paper explores the nature of bilateral partnership in the anarchic order of the 21st century and two-pronged promising approach of Pakistan and China. It also seeks to understand whether coordination between the two countries to assure their economic prosperity and security in the 21st century will help in achieving their national interest or not.

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Hassan, Syed Ali, and Areeja Syed. "Special Economic Zones: A Comparative Analysis of China and Pakistan." Global Foreign Policies Review IV, no. III (September 30, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2021(iv-iii).05.

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Pakistan and China enjoy close bilateral relations, owing to the ‘China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as China is developing a special economic zone across Pakistan under CPEC. SEZs are a new phenomenon for Pakistan and it’s the need of the hour for Pakistan to study the working mechanism of China’s SEZs to work on those challenges that Pakistan is facing due to non-expertise in this sector. China has a deep-rooted history as far as SEZs are concerned. With China’s experience and progress, a comparative analysis of Chinese SEZs could provide benefits for Pakistan. This study aims to give a comparative analysis of SEZs in both countries. A comparative analysis between China and Pakistan’s SEZ policies will help Pakistan in making better economic policies about Special economic zones.

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