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Kuszewska, Agnieszka, and Agnieszka Nitza-Makowska. "Multifaceted Aspects of Economic Corridors in the Context of Regional Security: The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor as a Stabilising and Destabilising Factor." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 8, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 218–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23477970211017719.
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This article investigates the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which involves a whole package of multiple cooperative initiatives aimed to accelerate connectivity via land routes and boost Sino-Pakistani collaboration. While channelling Chinese power and interests, this corridor, being a key part of the Belt and Road Initiative, may significantly affect the security landscape in conflict-prone South Asia, and the economic, political and social dynamics within Pakistan. Being a fragile state with multiple domestic challenges and asymmetric position vis-à-vis China, Pakistan is a valuable source for regional power game and China’s aspiration analysis. The comprehensive evaluation of economic corridors’ multidimensional impact on volatile regions with poor socio-economic background, contested political power and high-security risk fills a much-needed gap in contemporary security studies. We contend that CPEC may bring stabilising and destabilising results; yet, if certain conditions are not met, over the long term, the latter are likely to outweigh the former due to the various aspects of internal, bilateral and regional character. To evaluate the corridor’s multifaceted implications, firstly, we conceptualise CPEC within the selected international relations paradigms, and secondly, we empirically refer to our assumptions.
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Qumber, Ghulam, Waseem Ishaque, and Syed Jawad Shah. "Regional Security Implications of ChinaPakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)." Global Regional Review III, no. I (December 30, 2018): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2018(iii-i).04.
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CPEC is the first of the Belt and Road Initiative’s (BRI) six envisioned corridors and the flagship project connecting the belt from Kashgar with the maritime Silk Road at Gwadar Port of Pakistan. From Pakistan’s perspective, this project has been labelled “Fate Changer” for Pakistan and “Game Changer” for the entire region. CPEC is expected to bring significant economic and geo-strategic benefits for Pakistan and China. The expected investment of USD 60 billion will elevate Pakistan’s economy and security. Both the countries remain committed to see its timely completion. While CPEC offers opportunities at global, regional and domestic levels, it faces some internal and external challenges. Therefore, a comprehensive approach in realm of foreign policy initiatives, governance and security domains is required.
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Surahio, Muhammad Kashan, Shengyu Gu, Hakim Ali Mahesar, and Mansoor Mumtaz Soomro. "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor: Macro Environmental Factors and Security Challenges." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 215824402210798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221079821.
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Pakistan, excepting external issues, has been enduring from chronic problems, that is, political-military anarchy, bad-governance, interprovincial conflicts, social divisions, sectarian influence, and terrorism resulting negatively on inland politics, economics, socioculture, and techno-industry (PEST). This amplified domestic instability and governmental dependency toward external support. Appropriately, China’s recent FDI for CPEC is aimed to revive Pakistan’s energy, transport, infrastructure, industries and also procure China’s energy and trade transmission, and opportunities. So far, some studies separately have reported favorable and unfavorable effects emerged between projects and local PEST domains. Apart from numerous advantages, the drawbacks are also found many that are not limited to institutional concerns, project misappropriations, ethnic and provincial reservations, opposition, and targeted terrorism. Therefore, current study systematically revolves around exploring, comparing, and analyzing the cross-impact among CPEC, PEST, and Security concomitantly. Employing qualitative interviews, all-round literature, and statistical index datasets, study determines that the security risk is critical for Chinese manpower whereas the concerns of inter-government, projects, institutions, civil-military, and ethnicities are somehow manageable. Results show positive trend in Pakistan’s many PEST indicators except political violence, corruption, security costs and threats, electricity costs and supply, debts, imports, and forestry that are in continuous negative impact. Moreover, opposition, trust-deficit, and attacks against CPEC are yet unchanged factors. The study, therefore, argues that if negative impact factors are recognized for elimination, the CPEC as a result will improve the both host and investor environments with promised socioeconomic advantages, and minimize challenges including terrorism. In last, study also suggests various practical and policy implications.
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Chang, Yen-Chiang, and Mehran Idris Khan. "China–Pakistan economic corridor and maritime security collaboration." Maritime Business Review 4, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-01-2019-0004.
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Purpose This study aims to explore why marine development and maritime security in Pakistan are significant and what the Chinese concerns are. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyse a growing Pak–China bilateral interests, particularly at Gwadar, to achieve the geostrategic objectives of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a qualitative means to discuss the significance of China’s ambitions towards the CPEC project concerning strategic deep-sea management and maritime regulations in the region, with a particular focus on the Gwadar Port. Findings The paper concludes that the Gwadar Port is a critical element for maritime security in the whole region. The study also provides an analysis of national and international, security and legal challenges associated with CPEC. Originality/value Most of the potential outcomes have already been discussed in public, though a limited academic discussion is available on the legal aspects. It is particularly so with regard to the development and capacity building in the maritime sector of Pakistan under this project. This study aims to explore why marine development and maritime security in Pakistan is significant and what the Chinese concerns are.
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Muhammad Naeem Akbar Qazi. "China Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Game Changer Project." Review of Economics and Development Studies 5, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v5i3.733.
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Pakistan and China has a long history of bilateral relations but the period from 2002 – 2005 witnessed boosts in economic ties and leadership of both the countries carried out frequent visits in order to address various economic and strategic challenges. The location of Pakistan on the World map considered as geo-strategic was now also being seen as geo-economic through Chinese perspective. China driven by market forces, development of western provinces, and its energy security concerns, started thinking to expand westwards. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) being a subset of “One Belt One Road” (OBOR) was formally launched in 2013. This mega project has a potential to become a “game changer” for the region in general and Pakistan in particular. The opportune project faces a number of challenges which needs to be tackled in a timely and effective manner. Strategic location of Gwadar signifies its position in CPEC in many ways for Pakistan-China as well as for other regional countries.
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Anam, Rabia. "INTRODUCTION TO CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR PAKISTAN." International Journal of Advanced Economics 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v1i1.49.
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The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) consist of various projects related to energy, telecommunication, and highways linking Gwadar Port to China thus creating a shorter route. This route has strategic importance as it provide cost effective way of exporting Chinese products to the world market and reducing transportation cost on oil imported from Middle East to China. The CPEC project is beneficial for Pakistan as it has potential to reduce country’s energy shortage, boost economic growth, create jobs and reduce poverty. The challenges to the project include security issues, political will, and foreign interference. It is recommended that government of Pakistan include key stakeholders such as local people, communities, Chinese government, and neighboring countries in the process in order to better overcome these challenges.
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Nawaz, Faiqa. "Challenges to Maritime Security of Pakistan." Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2022.v07i02.004.
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Pakistan’s strategic significance in the maritime sphere has been at the center of debate. Particularly with the on- going development “Port of Gwadar” and how it may crop a new profitable armature in the region and encyclopedically. Still, the broader significance lies in the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) action by China that includes Port of Gwadar under China Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC), aiming to strengthen indigenous connectivity. In turn this study shows logical and descriptive approach for assessing theoretical substantiation to measure challenges to maritime security and how it may be affected by current challenges in the swell. Further, fabrics under transnational relations; regionalism, constructivism and critical security studies approach support the core argument “Challenges to maritime security of Pakistan”. The major finding of this study is apparent through collaborative security and how effective it has been in eradicating crimes in the swell. The major recrimination of this paper is to view challenges to maritime security as a coherent approach towards security and cooperation.
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Fayyaz, Shabana, and Salma Malik. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridors Security Concerns." Global Regional Review IV, no. IV (December 30, 2019): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iv).47.
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The paper reviews the (CPEC) from a security lens. The upshot of CPEC is to bring in peace and prosperity in the region through laying a mix of road networks, railways, and pipelines in this area. It envisions to transform Pakistan by upgrading its economic profile through connectivity with adjacent regions, addressing energy shortfalls, and expanding societal links between Pakistan and China. Both sides perceive CPEC to be a game-changer. However, there are key challenges to establish a sphere of co-security interdependence through CPEC. The core risks and opportunities associated with the implementation of this crucial project are highlighted in this study. The paper dwells on the security dimensions of the CPEC from an integrated conception of security - to stamp the CPEC as a safety valve not only for Pakistan and China but for a host of countries associated with it
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Ullah Khan, Hashmat, and Shan Yu. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Meeting Security Challenges in Balochistan Through Trade and Development." MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, no. 5 (November 8, 2022): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-5-86-135-149.
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The article explores the prospects of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) for developing the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan, full of natural resources; it has geostrategic importance due to its location, long coastal line, Gwadar port, and the recently launched CPEC project. It remains an economically underdeveloped and socially and politically marginalized province, facing extensive poverty and lack of economic opportunities despite the enormous economic potential, separatism movements, terrorism, and severe clashes with the federal government over its financial share in the state's divisible pool and natural resources found in the province. Economic backwardness is one of the main reasons behind the critical challenges in the province. In this regard, it is essential to analyze the prospects of CPEC projects for the province's economic, social, and political redevelopment and how CPEC can improve the security situation and resolve the separatist movements in the province. CPEC provides potential opportunities for improving the economic and security situation in the province and the region on the whole, as it brings a huge amount of Chinese foreign direct investment to the province, creates jobs, encourages infrastructure development, establishes special economic zones, and turns the province into a corridor of regional trade connecting it with other economies. The article substantiates that CPEC has prospects to cool down the Baloch uprising, bring peace, prosperity, and stability, solve the economic crises, decrease poverty and improve the country's living conditions and region.
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Qazi, Muhammad Naeem Akbar. "Comparatives of CPEC in Region and its Future." Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS ) 6, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 055–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2022.06031815.
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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) was launched in 2015 when 51 agreements and MoUs (Memorandums of Understanding) worth USD 46 billion were signed between China and Pakistan. This grand-scale bilateral project is a flagship constituent of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). CPEC started with the goal of modernizing Pakistan’s road, rail, air, and energy transportation systems and enhancing connectivity between its Gwadar and Karachi ports to the Chinese province of Xinjiang and beyond. For Pakistan, CPEC not only meant an opportunity to address its existing challenges like the energy crisis but also a golden moment to emerge as a hub for economic activities in the region. This article discusses comparatives in Geo-Strategic countries, which can suggest the future course of CPEC projects. India, Russia, and Iran have agreed in 2000 to construct a route between Mumbai and St-Petersburg through Tehran and Moscow to facilitate the movement of energy resources from Central Asia. Likewise, China-Pakistan Corridor will increase economic activity between both countries and the region. This Corridor may also be beneficial to “String of Pearls” that China’s “culture” to save its sea lives of communication catering to protect oil and gas supplies, which are emerging from the Gulf of Persia, Middle East, and China. Investors will take advantage of various economic-related activities to promote the agriculture industry, tourism, construction activities, vehicle industry, information technology, etc. Corridors will fulfil the energy resource needs of many countries through the Caspian Sea and Central Asian Republics. However, this project is facing internal and external threats, Pakistan is facing terrorist attacks, and the Chinese province Xinjiang is facing threats. Serious security threats to this project are likely to emanate from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. The Uighur terrorists have a close relationship with the Taliban in FATA, which is a serious and adverse threat to Chinese interests in Pakistan. This thesis is an effort to find reasons and suggest suitable measures for the Government to sort out challenges to avoid delays in the implementation and completion of the project.
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Sandao, Imran Ali, and Mukesh Kumar Khatwani. "CPEC: AN ULTIMATE OPTION FOR NTS CHALLENGES." Asia-Pacific - Annual Research Journal of Far East & South East Asia 40 (December 26, 2022): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47781/asia-pacific.vol40.iss0.5870.
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This research paper summarises the findings of the project funded by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan under Start-Up Research Grand Program. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a landmark initiative between the two brotherly nations. CPEC is also the most important part of Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which reactivates the old Silk Rout, and rebuilds connectivity between different regions of the world. South Asian region is full of nontraditional security (NTS) challenges. This study aims to discuss the integration of domestic resources and a collective mechanism for security cooperation on NTS challenges. The paper explores out the challenges covering fields including terrorism, transnational crimes; energy security; maritime security and rescue, and environmental degradation. It also analyses the features of NTS challenges, which are transnational and relevant to China and Pakistan. Finally, responding to NTS challenges, paper suggests a collective framework between both (China & Pakistan) and NTS challenges may become the significant part of security concern element that may pose severe threats to smooth and sound manner of BRI strategy in general and CPEC in particular.
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Et al., Mazhar Hafeez. "“CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR - HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF BALUCHISTAN LINKEDWITH ECONOMIC CORRIDOR”." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 5222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2077.
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This research paper presents an analytical overview of historical perspective of Balochistan andChina Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)considering it as an opportunityfor Balochistan in specific and for Pakistanin generalunder the challenge created by prevailing environment in Balochistan. After discussing historical perspective of Balochistan in detail, this paper will help to identify effects of CPEC with a view to identify impediments causing delay to the project and opportunities which Balochistan has to get benefitted from. An endeavor has been made tooffer few recommendations in last part of the paperin order to suggest measures to negotiate the impediments and utilize this project as an opportunity to change the fate of Balochistan. At present, Balochistan lacks communication infrastructure, safe and secure environment for development activities, skilled and literate populace and requisite ownership to this project.In order toimprove the situation, there is a need to take bold steps in domain of security to maintain safe and secure environment, encourage the developmental activities and at the same time bring transformational changes in policy making so that local population gets maximum benefit out of this project.
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Ahmed, Fasih, Muhammad Nawaz, and Aisha Jadoon. "Topic Modeling of the Pakistani Economy in English Newspapers via Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 215824402210799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221079931.
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This research paper explores aspects of the Pakistani economy using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique. The data based on 3,000 articles were collected from two Pakistani English newspapers, Dawn and The News, (2015–2020), through Lexis Nexis database. The headlines of the news articles relevant to Pakistan’s economy, were taken into account. By employing the data-driven approach of the grounded theory, it is found that changes in policies, security preference, textile industry, the shift of energy, inflation, growth and investment, mega projects, sustainable democracy and poverty control need to be focused to overcome the challenges of Pakistan’s economy. It also reveals that mega projects like the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) are called to boost Pakistan’s economy. The results show that smooth trading would help reduce poverty in the country.
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Chohan, Dildar A., and Amir A. Chandio. "Gwadar Port as an Economic Zone with Especial Reference to US and Indian Reservations on the Regional Part of South Asia." Journal of South Asian Studies 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.009.02.3636.
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China Pakistan Economic Corridor is a bunch of multiple projects embracing construction: railroad, airport, and pipeline to import and export Chinese goods at intra-regional and ultra-regional to the nth degree. Gwadar is the hub and centre of the Corridor. However, China is investing and reaping the harvest from Gwadar Corridor. India and the US claim Gwadar to be a Chinese military base as against India and a US military base at Diego Garcia on the Indian Ocean. The paper will thoroughly examine for proving with reviewed literature that Gwadar meant to generate revenue, to prosper economy of Balochistan resolves its Crisis. And triangular regional connectivity through the Central, Eastern, and Western part of Asia. It is far away from Indian rivalry, and we can’t disregard Gwadar as a security zone for Pakistan. The paper finds that India upholds and misconstrue Gwadar as a corridor passing Gilgit Baltistan [a disputed territory, India Claims] to Xinjiang. Furthermore, the paper suggests a triangle of cooperation and coordination between Pakistan, India, and China. And all the three countries in this triangle should reap immense benefits from resources, facilities, technologies, and technicalities. The study concludes that US withdrawal from Afghanistan will instigate Pakistan and China to maintain communication, strengthen consultation, deepen cooperation, and support to cart off the challenges surfacing after U.S. withdrawal and the Taliban government.
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Ali, Murad. "CPEC in Pakistan’s Quest for Energy Security." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 07, no. 02 (January 2021): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s237774002150007x.
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Since the inception of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), one of the six corridors envisaged under President Xi’s signature Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Pakistan, there has been criticism in academic circles as well as media about sustainability issues. In an article published in Strategic Analysis in 2017 entitled “CPEC in Pakistan’s Quest for Energy Security,” the authors raised some questions related to Chinese-funded projects. Based on the overall analysis of various CPEC projects, the paper had reached several conclusions. First, it stated that “the prospects of Pakistan being energy sufficient seem bleak for several reasons” related to the lack of proper implementation mechanisms. Second, it argued that there are discrepancies concerning financing of CPEC energy projects as it was not clear whether it was loan or foreign direct investment (FDI). In the same vein, the authors asserted that “most of the projects would be financed by Pakistan, not by China or other foreign investors.” Third, the paper emphasized that there are concerns that Chinese companies would bring their own labor. The authors also highlighted the issue of tied aid or loans as most of the procurement involved Chinese products and services. And finally, the paper discussed the issue of special incentives given to Chinese companies as they are exempted from various taxes. Based on primary data obtained in Pakistan and complemented by secondary data available in the form of government documents and policy reports of national and international organizations, this paper challenges the major assumptions presented in the previous work on this subject. The study concludes that although there are issues in smooth implementation of projects, the CPEC has the potential to make Pakistan energy sufficient and usher in a new era of development.
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Ahmad, Riaz, Hong Mi, Ren Keyao, Khalid Khan, and Khan Navid. "Aging and social security system in Pakistan: policy challenges, opportunities, and role of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)." Educational Gerontology 44, no. 9 (September 2, 2018): 537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2018.1488382.
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Rahim, Sabit, Sadruddin Bahadur Qutoshi, Gul Sahar, Gul Jabeen, and Imran Ali. "Mobile Phone Technologies in Coping with the Challenges and Opportunities of CPEC by the Youth of Rural Mountainous Areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (February 28, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5816803.
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The study aims to explore the access of mobile phone, emerging technologies, and use of the mobile phone by the youth of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Pakistan, for learning and safety and security purposes. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. The descriptive statistics was employed to test the research model. Among the 300 distributed sample size, 272 participants responded back including 133 male and 139 female students of Karakoram International University (KIU) from eight districts of GB as research participants for data collection. Only 1 male and 6 females responded that they do not have their own mobile phone, comprising of 90.6% response rate. The results show that 97% of students of rural mountainous areas own a mobile phone. The study contributes valuable findings about the access and positive use of mobile phones for learning and safety and security purposes. The result also shows that the youth of GB have enough skills of mobile phone technologies to cope with the future challenges of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) by taking advantages of China Pakistan Information Corridor (CPIC is a fiber optics cable laid down from the China border to Islamabad Pakistan for the purpose of providing the fast internet facility including 5G). This is the baseline survey and future study will be based on this survey.
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Khalid Manzoor Butt and Sadaf Jan Siddiqui. "Growing Chinese Presence in the Indian Ocean: Prospects and Challenges." Strategic Studies 41, no. 2 (April 4, 2022): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.041.02.0048.
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The ‘String of Pearls’ strategy attributed to China for growing its relations with the states situated around the Indian Ocean (IO) in order to neutralise Indian influence. Furthermore, protecting economic and strategic interests are also the key factors that China is maintaining its presence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). After the completion of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), it is predicted that Gwadar Port will be the most precious pearl of the string. With the increased Chinese influence, the United States (US) will not fall behind and will have to revise strategy to maintain its supremacy in the IO and keep Chinese influence under check. However, Chinese presence will enhance economic prospects in the IO but may also pose some challenges for regional peace and security. In this paper, an analytical study would be undertaken on such questions.
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Anwar, Saba, Malik Adnan Khan, and Azeem Sarwar. "Minhas Majeed Khan, et al. (eds.). China-Pakistan Economic Corridor—A Game Changer. Islamabad, Pakistan: Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI). 2016. iii+164 Pages. Pak Rupees 500.00 (Hardback)." Pakistan Development Review 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v56i1pp.79-82.
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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor—A Game Changer is a collection of essays, written by experts in the fields of International Relations, Political Economy, Current Affairs, and Sino-Pak relations. The book takes its readers on an exuberant journey through the history of Silk Route to the One Belt, One-Road (OBOR) initiative and the political economy of the Sino-Pakistan relations. The book not only underscores the challenges that lie ahead in making the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) a success, but it also presents suggestions for making it a real game changer for development and prosperity of Pakistan, and the entire region. The book highlights the economic and political importance of CPEC by integrating analysis with the latest data. In the first article, Li Xiguang discusses the importance of the OBOR initiative. He asserts that “opening to both the east and the west”, China will become the centre of Central Asia. The idea of OBOR raised by China would not only achieve economic purposes but cultural, religious, and educational exchanges can also be made possible through this project. Historically, Silk Road had its own influence and it helped in shaping the governance and transportation of even the most distant countries and influenced the culture of even the remotest areas. In the past, the area around the CPEC has seen the ascent of the cultural centres of the world. The CPEC, which encompasses countries including Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Iran has once again put China on the central stage. The author feels that China needs to maintain social relationships and political cooperation with these nations. This initiative is shaping a new world order through common destiny, common interests, values, culture, and security.
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Singh, Kanwal Deepinder Pal. "Strength and Challenges of OBOR Initiative: Indian Perspective." Journal of National Law University Delhi 6, no. 1 (June 2019): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277401719857865.
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The One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative of China is an attempt to ‘remake’ or recreate the ancient Silk Road or Silk Route, symbolising not only trade network but more importantly cultural interaction. It is an ambitious Eurasian strategy with large financial support, which aims to draw linkages from China to various regions of the world. The connectivity and cooperation presented by China between itself and the rest of Eurasia has two main components: the land-based ‘Silk Road Economic Belt’ (SREB) and ocean-going ‘Maritime Silk Road’ (MSR). The ‘Belt’ includes countries geographically situated on the original Silk Road through Central Asia, West Asia, Russia and Europe and has six main corridors. Countries on the Belt and Road—especially those with underdeveloped infrastructure, low investment rates and per capita income—could experience a boost in trade flow and benefit from infrastructure development. The main challenge for China and for the initiative is the potential for conflicts or geopolitical tensions that could emerge with other powers. This project will increase United States’ attention on Central Asia and South Asian region. This will have consequences for the smooth implementation of the strategy. There is an expected resistance from Russia and Russian-led Eurasian Union (EU) that may divide the relevant countries along the route, leaving them torn between choosing to pursue stronger ties with Russia or with China. India also remains cautious of the project and still has not expressed its full support. It sees the initiative not as an opportunity, but as a threat or a form of competition. India’s objections are rooted in issues of sovereignty and territorial integrity. For instance, India opposes the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a pilot project of the trade initiative, due to its route passing through Gilgit-Baltistan, which is a disputed area between Pakistan and India. India has its own agenda of connectivity and cooperation. This article shall first discuss the strengths and challenges of this project and analyse the regional, national and international situations. The Chinese initiative will be discussed, focusing on China’s domestic constraints along with regional economic situation and political tensions in neighbourhood. The Indian perspective related to this initiative shall be discussed in detail, including the ‘Look East-Act East’ policy. Planning and implementation of the project and its impact on bilateral relations shall be discussed. The author shall also analyse the South Asian perspective as a whole, which is plagued by territorial conflicts, bad governance, security threats, impaired transparency, energy crisis, poor infrastructure, fragile institutions and limping economies.
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Khalid, Iram, Tooba Ahmad, and Sami Ullah. "Environmental impact assessment of CPEC: a way forward for sustainable development." International Journal of Development Issues 21, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-08-2021-0154.
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Purpose Human-induced changes in climate have affected the environment to the extent that any more economic development at the cost of the environment will be too costly. Thus, sustainable development options posing no additional harm to the environment are the only viable option. This study aims to examine the likely environmental impacts of infrastructural developments through the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Design/methodology/approach There is a scarcity of academic debate and discussion on the environmental impact of CPEC developments in laws and policies on the environment. The qualitative approach is followed in this study and official documents and reports are used to investigate the environmental challenges posed by CPEC. Findings The findings show three possible environmental concerns which could increase the climate change vulnerability of Pakistan. The coal-fired power plants are the most prominent threat based on their CO2 contributions and smog. Second, cutting more than 54,000 trees for roads infrastructure will increase CO2 concentration along the CPEC route. Third, increasing vehicle trafficking by up to 7,000 trucks per day on Karakorum Highway alone will release 36.5 million tons of additional CO2. Originality/value It is essential to rethink the environmental cost of CPEC. The study suggests economic and legal cooperation between Pakistan and China as a way forward to deal with climate change issues. Environmental laws should be a vital part of CPEC projects to ensure their safety, security and sustainability.
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Khan, Zahid. "The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 05, no. 02 (January 2019): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740019500131.
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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) offers a massive platform for China and Pakistan to promote regional connectivity, trade growth, and infrastructure development. Pakistan views CPEC not only as an infrastructure and economic development program as well as a key initiative with wide-ranging implications for the country’s domestic economy and social makeup, but also a potential “game changer” in the regional situation. However, this project also faces grave internal and external challenges, such as route controversy, militancy, religious extremism, competing narratives, media propaganda, debt-trap accusation, and synergy of institutions. To make CPEC a sustainable project that benefits Pakistan and the whole of South Asia in the long run, both the Chinese and Pakistani governments need to address these challenges through greater transparency of the CPEC projects, as well as more consultation with all stakeholders involved, so as to ease their concerns about the profound implications of the grand project.
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Muhammad Zahid Ullah Khan and Minhas Majeed Khan. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Opportunities and Challenges." Strategic Studies 39, no. 2 (July 25, 2019): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.039.02.00112.
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The paper discusses salient features of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and attempts to analyse the opportunities and challenges coming along its way. This research highlights the importance of the CPEC in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and focuses on the strategic importance of Gwadar port as well as the significance of the CPEC for both China and Pakistan that is providing the shortest connectivity to China with Central Asia, West Asia, South Asia and onward to Europe. Moreover, it emphasises on how distance will be shorten for oil transportation from Gulf to China and will enable Beijing to play an important role as a major import and export corridor in the world. It also addresses the question about the trade deficit between China and Pakistan and highlights that the CPEC will also boost the bilateral trade. Furthermore, the study discusses different segments of the construction and prospects of the CPEC and questions the threat perception for the game changer project ─ the CPEC and how Pakistan can tackle these threats.
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Bhatti, Muhammad Nawaz. "China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Prospects and Challenges." Pakistan Social Sciences Review 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2020(4-i)23.
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Ali, Murad. "China–Pakistan Economic Corridor: prospects and challenges." Contemporary South Asia 28, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2019.1667302.
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Farooqui, Muhammad Ahmed, and Syed Mobasher Aftab. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor; Prospects and Challenges for Balochistan, Pakistan." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 414 (September 13, 2018): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/414/1/012046.
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Ibrar, Muhammad, Jianining Mi, Muhammad Rafiq, and Liaqat Ali. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Ensuring Pakistan’s Economic Benefits." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 22, no. 1 (May 2019): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2019.22.1.38.
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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a well-crafted economic partnership between China and Pakistan which is expected to bring economic development and prosperity not only for the two neighboring countries but also for the whole South Asia. It is considered central to China-Pakistan relations and the CPEC will link Kashgar to Gawadar port through the extension of Silk Road initiative which is widely known as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). With the investment of 46 billion US dollars, its completion is expected by 2030. CPEC is the most discussed and debated economic partnership and it has great geostrategic importance for Pakistan to counterbalance Indian influence in South Asia. However, the focus on geopolitical and location of the route has been dominated the important questions concerning “How Pakistan should ensure its economic benefit out of this mega project?” This paper, therefore, aims to develop a theoretical framework and put forward relevant recommendations on how Pakistan can ensure its economic benefits as compared to the forecasted economic and political benefits of China and the challenges ahead.
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Sakeena. "CPEC Opportunities and Challenges for Pakistan." Volume 2, Issue 2 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.995757849.
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CPEC is a massive project that aims to change the geoeconomic dynamics of Pakistani Chinese relations and increase trade between the two countries in the region. Pakistan and China have had a bilateral relationship since 1949, shortly after China gained independence. Pakistan was the first Muslim country outside of the Soviet Union to recognise China as a legitimate state and establish diplomatic ties with it. China China's Pakistan Economic Corridor is a meticulously planned initiative. China will gain a very quick route to the Arabian Sea through Pakistan's Gwadar Port as a result of this Corridor. The project's initial value was 46 billion dollars, but it has since increased to 62 billion dollars, making it an unquestionably fantastic project. Pakistan and China have proposed three corridors as part of the CPEC's core focus. CPEC is offering 27 special economic zones across the country as part of its development programmes. China plans to connect Kashgar in northwest China with Gwadar in the Arabian Sea near the Iranian border as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Gwadar, just outside the Gulf's mouth, would serve as a port for Middle Eastern oil that could then be transported to China through Baluchistan and the Karakorum Mountain.
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Wazir, Bushra. "STRENGTHENING OF PAKISTAN AND CHINA RELATIONS THROUGH CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR." Journal of Pakistan-China Studies (JPCS) 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55733/jpcs.v1i1.24.
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The friendship of China and Pakistan is as old as they came into being. They maintained a very cordial, friendly and strong bond since its inception. In 1951 after the formal establishment of diplomatic relations, the People’s Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have seen their relationship ever consolidating and progressing. Throughout different historical periods and despite changes with the times, Chinese and Pakistani governments and people have been working hard to enrich the friendship, and have set a model for friendly bilateral ties between different cultures, social systems and ideologies. In 2015 Chinese President Xi Jinping and Pakistani president Nawaz Sharif properly announced the project China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Both the government of China and Pakistan have deeply realized the importance of developing the CPEC, starting from Kashgar in Xinjiang, China, and reaching Karachi and Gwadar, southern coastal cities in Pakistan via the Khunjerab Pass and several other nodal areas, for cementing China Pakistan economic relations, promoting friendly cooperation and establishing people to people contact between the two countries. CPEC is an economic and development project for the benefit of the people of the region. It will connect Pakistan to Central Asia via the Eurasian Land-Bridge planned under China’s “Belt and Road” initiative. This project is going to be completed in four major phases. Despite all the significance, it faces some challenges from the hostile neighbour of Pakistan: India. Yet, its significance is manifold which covers these challenges.
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Khan, Muhammad, and Taufiq Nawaz. "REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY THROUGH CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC COORIDOR: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS." Journal of Pakistan-China Studies (JPCS) 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55733/jpcs.v2i1.13.
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China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is primarily designed to provide connectivity between China and Pakistan. Subsequently, this corridor will integrate other regional countries for a larger regional integration and connectivity. Overall, this connectivity and integration will be beneficial for the economic benefits to create a win-win situation for all regional states. Apart from regional connectivity and integration, domestically it will create a linkage between all provinces including provision of connectivity between developed and underdeveloped regions of Pakistan. Whereas this connectivity enables all regional states to benefit from each other economically, the corridor will enhance stakes for all regional states. With all these prospects, CPEC is facing some serious challenges, posed by geopolitical interests of regional and extra-regional states. Resolving the challenges without creating an alarm and conflicting situation is most needed aspect of CPEC. This research is aimed to analyse three aspects; a) the regional integration and connectivity through CPEC, b) the challenges in the timely and successful completion of CPEC, c) how to overcome the challenges for accruing the maximum benefits of CPEC bilaterally, regionally and domestically within Pakistan.
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Khan, Shehryar, and Guijian Liu. "The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): challenges and prospects." Area Development and Policy 4, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2018.1534549.
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BORDILOVSKA, O. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: New Capacities or New Challenges." Chinese Studies 2017, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/chinesest2017.01.034.
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Bhattacharjee, Dhrubajyoti. "India, Pakistan and China." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v1i2.97.
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China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship project of OBOR or BRI, has brought China and Pakistan economically and strategically close. As significant part of the corridor develops through the disputed region of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK), it has been difficult for India to accept the project as it infringes on its sovereignty. The nature of investment, the controversies associated with the location of the corridor in Pakistan, the opacity of the investments, the conflict in Baluchistan, and the manner in which Pakistani civilian and military administration has become embroiled in the multi-billion-dollar project, has made CPEC more of a challenge to the region, than a corridor of opportunity. The paper will try to assess the nature of the project and the various challenges that it entails. Building upon these notions, the article in the end would attempt to make future predictions for the region.
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Hamid, Bushra, and Shakeel Khan. "China Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC): Facts and Fantasies." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v3i2.55.
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Despite much hype and excitement regarding CPEC and views of its proponents and opponents’, it would be wise to examine and analyze the economic, financial and developmental prospects of the largest ever financial commitment of Pakistan, minutely. The magnitude of the initiative, on the pessimistic side, has the potential not only to halt the otherwise meek economy of the country but may also prove to be detrimental to the security compulsions. This paper attempts to examine the potential of the economic welfare and financial health of the CPEC for Pakistan both in the short and long run. Quantitative tools and techniques will be used to analyze the Economic and financial data available on governmental websites and Planning Commission of Pakistan. Historical experiences and current global economic environment will be taken into consideration to offer the suggestions for multiple stake holders.
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Kousar, Shazia, Abdul Rehman, Mahwish Zafar, Kamran Ali, and Nadia Nasir. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: a gateway to sustainable economic development." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 6 (June 11, 2018): 909–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2017-0059.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss positive spillovers of this project, especially for Pakistan because the majority of the literature discusses challenges associated with China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews the available literature to assess the role of CPEC in the sustainable economic development of Pakistan.FindingsThis study indicates that CPEC is an ambitious development project because it needs a larger restructuring of the economy of Pakistan and it will be productive with the successful blend of policy changes and participation of the business community in Pakistan. This project primarily creates a huge amount of foreign direct investment for Pakistan, at the same time, it will also create greater trade opportunities to China by giving access to a new market for its trading goods.Originality/valueThis study established that CPEC will improve the economic growth and trade, enhance regional connectivity, overcome energy crises, develop infrastructure and establish people-to-people contacts in both the countries, which will further help to improve the tourism sector.
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Hassan, Kiran. "CPEC: A win-win for China and Pakistan." Human Affairs 30, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2020-0020.
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AbstractThe China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is believed to be Beijing’s most ambitious project so far. Two types of apprehensions are often voiced to support this claim. First, it is widely argued that despite enjoying enduring strategic partnership for over five decades, Pakistan and China don’t match economically. The Chinese will get weary of the many challenges coming with the corrupt, inefficient and globally isolated Pakistan, seriously undermining the conclusion of the Chinese mammoth investment in CPEC Secondly, Pakistan’s prevailing environment of insecurity which is rife with Islamic militancy and domestic insurgency is thought to be posing serious threats to the construction of the corridor. This paper aims to explain why, despite possible concerns, the China Pakistan economic corridor will succeed.
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Alam, Aftab, and Iqra Jathol. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Potential for Social Transformation." Global Pakistan Studies Research Review I, no. I (December 30, 2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsrr.2018(i-i).02.
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CPEC offers Pakistan an prospect to address frequent of the economic and political issues troubling the country. If Islamabad and Beijing do not guarantee Balochi companies and workers play a famous role, it could jeopardize China's premeditated gains and Pakistan's most significant development project ever. Pakistan's government cannot afford to fuel further the anger and estrangement in this province. Baluchis must have a wager in CPEC's accomplishment. If CPEC is an implemented in a way that includes Baluchis in its rewards, (through obligation of funds for development and hiring Balochi companies and workers) CPEC has the impending to pull the province out of deficiency and calm the antigovernment anger. CPEC can be a game changer for Pakistan and China, but only if it is first a game changer for Baluchistan. For a state like Pakistan, which faces severe economic and political challenges, CPEC can establish to be a wildcard which will provide a big opportunity to soothe its economy while refining associations with its neighbors and by making Gwadar a trade and economic hub of the region. For an unbalanced economy of Pakistan, the passageway will offer a solution to its troubles and will open new horizons of development by improving socioeconomic conditions of the people and by elevating their quality of life. Many Special Economic Zones are conceived to be established in Punjab, Gilgit-Baltistan, KPK, Baluchistan, and Sindh. This will eventually bring prosperity with the speculation from the budding international investors and will help Pakistan drive its economic expansion. In ultimate remarks it is said that the project of this passageway is the "game change" in this region, it would be accomplished for the affluence of this region.
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Ali, Syed Ahtsham, Jahanzaib Haider, Muhammad Ali, Syed Irfan Ali, and Xu Ming. "Emerging Tourism between Pakistan and China: Tourism Opportunities via China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." International Business Research 10, no. 8 (July 21, 2017): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n8p204.
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Background: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega-project worth more than 54 billion US dollars, as a result of which bilateral relations between Pakistan and China reached new heights. The CPEC is designed to facilitate the establishment of links between Pakistan and the road network, railways and pipelines in conjunction with energy, industrial and other infrastructure projects to ensure the critical energy shortage necessary to enhance the economic growth in Pakistan.Objective: The main purpose of this article is to shed light on promotion of mutual understanding on China's initiative for the revival of the Silk Road and the benefits and challenges for the tourism industry which the CPEC can bring to the neighboring countries, especially Pakistan. A very new project will give us plenty of room to develop a number of innovative points greatly to improve the quality of services and the overall tourist experience in these new tourist destinations.Methodology: Qualitative research and analysis with the help of online research and data collection; the study of excellence in individual scenarios tourist sites, focusing on the aspects of service and policy will be useful to improve tourism on both sides via the Silk Road. Authors also collected data from tourist websites and recommend top rated tourist attractions on Silk Road from Khunjrab pass (border between china and Pakistan) to Gawadar, Pakistan. These tourists’ attraction are hints for tourists, travel agents and new researchers.
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Baig, Nida, Shahbaz Khan, Imran Bashir, and Jianfu Ma. "Does China Pakistan Economic Corridor become an avenue to achieve sustainable development goal no. 2 (food security) in Pakistan: Under the condition of COVID-19?" PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): e0279520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279520.
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The post Covid-19 era steer towards stakeholder thinking, which demands to look for sustainable solutions in terms of other epidemics and food security is one of the most notable for the developing world. In South Asia, China Pakistan Economic Corridor could be an avenue for multi-layered socio-economic assistance where Pakistan can seek solution for one epidemic (food security) while engaged with the effects of pandemic through studying all the stakeholders. This could be a roadmap for the west-east or developed-underdeveloped countries reliance on one another for food security through economic corridor alike settings. Academically, it has been projected by the plethora of research that holistically and inclusively, stakeholder analysis is lacking in the available reservoir of research. Methodologically, the stakeholder analysis was performed in three layers–identification, investigation through social networks, and communication by prioritization matrix. The findings suggested that apart from stakeholders’ differences in regard to interest, influence and knowledge, all of them agreed with the argument that China Pakistan Economic Corridor has enviably and irrefutably positive effects on food security. The policy implications project the need for integrated reports of various ministries to be unidirectional for having synergical effect and taking all the stakeholders into consideration as leaving any group behind will repeat the past results.
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Maryum, Ashraf, Shafiq Awaisra, and Batool Sana. "China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Analysis of Internal and External Challenges." International Journal of Business, Economics and Management 4, no. 5 (2017): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.62.2017.45.106.111.
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A Z Hilali. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Dynamics of Regional Connectivity: Prospects and Challenges." Strategic Studies 39, no. 4 (February 6, 2020): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.039.04.00100.
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Since 1950, China and Pakistan have enjoyed historic friendly relations. They helped each other during the times of need and have supported each other at various regional and international forums. Currently, they are engaged in building the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which is a component of China’s gigantic economic venture, One Belt, One Road (OBOR). Later termed as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), it is a framework of regional connectivity to enhance geographical linkages and to improve roads, rail networks with frequent and free exchanges of growth while moving towards more optimal business by win-win model. The CPEC, being its flagship project, has the potential to bring incredible financial gains for the BRI countries. In this connection, the South Asian countries and the global community have mixed perception about the project. However, the CPEC is important for regional countries because it will bring socio-economic prosperity and technological advancement. The CPEC will offer China and Pakistan an opportunity to promote regional connectivity, trade growth and infrastructure development. Pakistan views the corridor not only as an infrastructure and economic development programme but a key initiative for the country’s economic prosperity. Nevertheless, China needs to expand its influence in the peripheral neighbourhood, consolidate its global presence and secure future supply routes of energy and trade goods; This will help Pakistan become one of the beneficiaries of the Chinese investment in the region.
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Khan, Navid, Riaz Ahmad, and Ke Xing. "CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC): REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND POLICY CHALLENGES." Global Political Review 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2018(iii-i).02.
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A lot of people believe “China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)” to be a doorway to regional prosperity and regional cohesion. It carries an abundant perspective in relation to regional connectivity, regional development, and employment creation. Although a topic of increasing interest, CPEC has been relatively under-researched and under-conceptualized to date. In this article, we attempt to inspect CPEC in relation to its prospects for infrastructure development, regional development, and employment creation through a methodical databank check and cross-reference snowballing. Significantly contributing: (1) reviewing of recent literature focusing on the concepts of economic corridors in different regions and (2) underlying challenges addressing the political, economic and geographical differences among different groups based on their perspectives. The paper concludes with possible managerial suggestions for the challenges faced by stakeholders participating in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor
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Muhammad Ismail and Rani Siti Fitriani. "Future Impact on Pakistan Economy in the 21st Century Shifting of Global Power." Proceeding of The International Conference on Economics and Business 1, no. 2 (October 18, 2022): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/iceb.v1i2.121.
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The Wakhan Corridor is surrounded by the concerned region of Mekandar. The access strip is located at the intersection of four countries, the mainland of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, China and Pakistan. The Wakhan Corridor has been the mainly vital intersection point of the Silk Road since its inception. This corridor has long been used by Europeans and Chinese as a trade path to reach the Indian plains and sea lines of communication in the Indian Ocean via the coasts of the Arabian Sea. At the joint of China, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan lies a small extend of land in Afghanistan's Badakhshan province known as the Wakhan Corridor. Being a passage of the old Silk Road, this corridor is of great historical value. It still has a lot of room for increase in terms of tourism and regional connectivity. Wakhan region is considered relatively peaceful as there is no law-and-order problem. Construction of the road through Wakhan will improve regional trade and business, especially for Pakistan, Central Asia and Afghanistan. It could provide the fastest trade route for China to access Afghanistan and Pakistan for access to Central Asia. In this context, the research explores the possibilities of revitalizing the Wakhan Corridor through the construction of road infrastructure. This paper highlights the economical importance of the Wakhan Corridor in the light of the emerging regional scenario. Both ISIS and the Pakistani Taliban are essential to disrupt the corridor and create security challenges for development. To benefit from future trade improvements along the Wakhan Corridor, the three countries (Pakistan, China and Tajikistan) should focus on the security and political situation.
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Ghani, WaQar I., and Rajneesh Sharma. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Agreement: Impact on Shareholders of Pakistani Firms." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 1 (December 10, 2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n1p148.
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This paper investigates the effects on shareholders’ wealth of firms composed of the Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index, around events leading up to the signing of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) agreement. We used standard event study methodology to measure the stock price reaction of KSE 100 Index (composed of all major sectors of Pakistan economy) around three key events related to CPEC agreement. Based on average security returns and cumulative average security returns, our results show significant and positive reaction of KSE 100 Index around all three key CPEC events. Our results capture market participants’ assessment of the CPEC agreement’s impact on future growth of Pakistani companies and the resultant effect of its shareholders’ wealth. These positive wealth effects are of significant predictive value as additional bilateral and multilateral agreements are contemplated in that region. Our research contributes to a research stream that sees valuable payoffs of bilateral trade agreements for developing economies and support the argument that bilateral agreements can promote and attract institutional and private foreign direct investment (FDI), which otherwise may not be forthcoming. The argument goes on to argue that these bilateral agreements also help raise the quality of institutional framework in the developing countries.
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Ahmed, Salik uddin, Amjad Ali, Dileep Kumar, Muhammad Zeeshan Malik, and Abdul Hameed Memon. "China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Pakistan’s energy security: A meta-analytic review." Energy Policy 127 (April 2019): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.003.
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Ahmad, Professor Dr Syed Salahuddin. "Obor: One Belt, One Road Initiative, China Pakistan Economic Corridor, Challenges, and Impediments." Advances in Politics and Economics 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v6n1p1.
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The One Belt, One Road initiative not only proposes significant potentials in multifaceted realms including economic, political, strategic, and geographical dimensions, it also presents many uncertainties and possible apprehensions for the associated countries. The initiative broadly includes five areas of regional connectivity: policy reformation, infrastructure development, trade regimes and investment. The trade and investment facilitation are one of the main areas where the developing countries like Pakistan need to focus upon. The OBOR initiative paves regional connectivity paths between Pakistan, China, Central Asian Republics. Pakistan-China friendship is an incomparable phenomenon. The two states have nothing in common in terms of history, language, ethnicity, culture, or ideology, yet their nexus is being considered as deeply rooted and time-tested which has developed into a comprehensive strategic partnership. Pakistan-China partnership sustained and remained unaffected during changes of leaders, political system in the realm of regional and international politics. Both states have developed an ideal state-to-state relationship based on complete trust. They have been steadfast friends who have supported each other throughout thick and thin. On one hand, this initiative fosters new opportunities, but on the other it also unveils challenges. With the Chinese over production, the Asian markets will thus be loaded with the Chinese products, suppressing the Pakistan markets. This paper through secondary data investigation, takes a closer look at the One Belt, One Road initiative and its impact on Pakistan
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Khalid, Sabika, Endale Tadesse, Wang Muhua, and Deng Lei. "SWOT Analysis of Pakistan Education System: Impact of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor." Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v1i2.99.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to review the impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on the Pakistani educational sector. Furthermore, the study critically examines the present educational challenges of the Pakistan education system and CPEC logistics arrangement between China and Pakistan. Approach/Methodology/Design: We analyzed literature through SWOT analysis to review the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the context of education. Findings: The analysis indicated that CPEC not only benefits the economy and bilateral trade between the two countries but it also offers opportunity for Pakistan to adopt and access more policies to strengthen the educational sector of the country. The SWOT analysis also demonstrates that CPEC has more venues of opportunity rather than threats. Practical Implications: The study offers an overview of CPEC effect on education in Pakistan. Though it is mainly economy-driven, this study analyzes the CPEC with a focus on the effects on the educational system in Pakistan. This opens a venue for more engagement between the two countries in terms of training, academic exchange, and educational planning. Originality/value: This study examines the effects of CPEC on the education system in Pakistan. Most of the literature on CPEC is concerned about the economic effect. This study investigates how CPEC impacts the educational aspects in Pakistan.
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Gul, Shabnam, Muhammad Faizan Asghar, and Munib Khalid. "Shifting National Security Paradigm of Pakistan from Geo Politics to a Geo Economics Era." Global Economics Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(vi-i).07.
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Pakistan being one of the most populous Muslim states, is characterized by unique features. It is home to the seventh-largest army in the world, but strangely enough, it stands in 2018 (slightly better than previous rankings )as one of the 20th most fragile nations of the world. Pakistan bears a key geopolitical position in South Asia, linking it with the Middle East, surrounded by Russia, China, India, and Iran as well. Traditionally, Pakistan national security has been analyzed through geopolitical and geostrategic perspectives, but with the primacy of economic factors, the geo-economic approach has taken the lead in analyzing the national security of Pakistan. Most underdeveloped and developing countries heavily depend upon external resources and regional connectivity for economic development, but both can jeopardize their security in one way or the other. So Pakistan is no exception in this regard. That's why the article is going to analyze the hazards to Pakistan's national security by focusing upon the growing Pakistan China economic connectivity and Indian fears and apprehensions and Afghanistan's instability, and its prospective looming effect on China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
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Muhammad Faisal. "Impact of Geo-economics on Pak-China Strategic Relations." Strategic Studies 38, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.038.01.00162.
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Geo-economics is becoming an integral component of inter-state relations. States are employing economic instruments to project their power, thus, redefining their traditional relations with other states. Pakistan and China view each other as strategic partners. Over the decades, China has extended considerable economic, military and technical assistance to Pakistan. As both neighbours expand their economic relationship through infrastructure development and trade corridors, including the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), such cooperation will directly interact with their existing strategic partnership. Beijing and Islamabad have been pursuing their geo-strategic interests in a framework that is progressively being shaped by geo-economics. The Chinese role and interests, in shaping the regional security order, are increasing. Geo-economic instruments are being employed to achieve geo-strategic objectives in a region, which is already marked by conflict and instability. This study explores how expanding economic relationship between Beijing and Islamabad will influence the bilateral strategic engagement, and in turn, impact the dynamics of the regional security.
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Shafi, Muhammad, and Ahmed Farhan Saeed. "Sino-Pak Relations (The Dominant Dimension through the Lens of Print Media)." Central Asia 87, Winter (April 6, 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-87.119.
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Media, influences topics of public importance. In academia, the recent crescendo in Pak-China relationship is interpreted variedly, such as economic, political, security/strategic, social and even a section of society conjectures China as the second East India Company. The increasing reputation of China in Pakistan, projection of projects such as CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor) and frequent reflection of the same in national media, also triggers the academic discussion. This study attempts to highlight various Dimensions of Pak-China relations under the framework of Agenda setting theory and to find out what dimensions, in particular, economic, political, security/strategic and social, dominate this relation? The methodology employed is mainly qualitative, sprinkled with empirical elements, such as data on Pak-China relations, drawn from print media of Pakistan. This might prove one modicum way to determine the nature of Pak-China relationship.