Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'China in the south pacific'
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Lee, Siu-lun Joseph. "Sub-regional economic cooperation in the Asian Pacific : a case study of the South China economic zone /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17390199.
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Halliden, Brian John. "China's Historic Rights in the South China Sea: A Time for Reconsideration and Pacific Settlement." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43070.
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CIVINSIn recent years, the South China Sea has featured prominently in news headlines concerning territorial disputes and claims to maritime resources involving China, the Philippines and Vietnam. One of the most contentious disputes in the region is China’s so-called nine-dash line claiming historic rights deep into the South China Sea. This thesis argues that China’s historic rights claims in the South China Sea are not supported by public international law and accordingly China should seek a settlement with the Philippines and Vietnam. China should pursue a settlement because the Philippines and Vietnam can present persuasive legal arguments as to why China is not entitled to historic rights in the South China Sea. Also, the ongoing dispute over rights impedes the ability of China and other claimant states to effectively exploit the rich resources of the South China Sea while significantly raising inter-state tensions and threatening regional economies. Further, China’s insistence on maritime claims not in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea encourages other states to assert similar historic rights claims, which could ultimately threaten China’s national security. Finally, China’s alleged interference with other states’ maritime rights in the South China Sea represents an unnecessary litigation risk of having multiple cases brought before international tribunals resulting in damage to China’s international standing.
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Lee, Siu-lun Joseph, and 李兆麟. "Sub-regional economic cooperation in the Asian Pacific: a case study of the South China economic zone." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213315.
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Wu, Qiong. "New insights into the current- and past hydrology of the north-western subtropical Pacific Ocean over the past 25 kyr, based on investigations of the Nd isotopic composition of seawater and deep-sea sediments from the northern South China Sea." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112169/document.
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Le but de cette étude est de retracer l’évolution de l’hydrologie dans la partie occidentale de l’Océan Pacifique subtropical en utilisant le proxy εNd analysé sur les foraminifères et sur les oxydes de ferromanganèse authigéniques dans les sédiments. Ceux-ci proviennent de carottes sédimentaires prélevées au nord de la Mer de Chine du Sud (MCS). Avant d’utiliser l’εNd dans les sédiments profonds de la MCS, 16 profils d’eau de mer, collectés au nord de la MCS et dans le Mer des Philippines, ont été analysés afin d’établir la distribution d’εNd des masses d’eau dans l’ouest du Pacifique tropical et dans la MCS, qui jusqu’à aujourd’hui n’était pas documentée. Les valeurs d’εNd des masses d’eau profondes et intermédiaires varient de -2,7 à -4,4 et augmentent légèrement avec la profondeur. Dans la mer des Philippines, les valeurs d’εNd de l’eau intermédiaire du Pacifique Nord (North Pacific Intermediate Water, NPIW) atteint -2.7±0.4 à moyenne profondeur (500 à 1400m). En-dessous de de 1800m, l’eau profonde Pacifique (Pacific Deep Water, PDW) est caractérisée par du Nd moins radiogénique (-4.1±0.5), indiquant l’intrusion de masses d’eau australes. Pour la plupart des stations du nord de la MCS, les masses d’eau en-dessous de 1500m (PDW) affichent des valeurs d’εNd homogènes (~ -4.1), similaires à celles de la PDW dans la Mer des Philippines. Les valeurs d'εNd pour l'eau intermédiaire de la mer de Chine du Sud (South China Sea Intermediate Water, SCSIW, 500-1500m) varient entre -3.0 et -3.9 dû au mélange vertical de la NPIW avec la PDW. Les valeurs d'εNd de l'eau de mer dans la MCS (-5.3 à -7.0) affichent des modifications locales dans des zones où l'eau s'écoule au-dessus de systèmes de dépôt sédimentaire. Ceci implique que "l'échange à la marge" avec des sédiments non radiogéniques (autour de -11) peut se produire dans le temps et dans l'espace sans modifier la composition isotopique du Nd de la PDW dans le Nord de la MCS. Dans un second temps, l’εNd extrait des foraminifères planctoniques G. ruber a été étudié sur la carotte MD05-2904, collectée à 2000m de profondeur sur la marge nord-ouest de la MCS. Cette étude a été conduite dans le but de retracer les variations hydrologiques depuis le Dernier Maximum Glaciaire (DMG) dans la partie occidentale du Pacifique Nord subtropical. Les enregistrements d'εNd ainsi obtenus couvrent les derniers 25 000 ans. Ils affichent une large gamme de valeurs de -4±0.2 à -6.7±0.3, suggérant d'importants changements dans la contribution de la NPDW (εNd=-4) et de la UCDW (Upper circumpolar Deep Water, εNd -6 to -8) dans la zone étudiée. Durant la déglaciation, les enregistrements d'εNd indiquent une diminution des excursions négatives de l'εNd impliquant une plus forte proportion de SSW (Southern-sourced Water) entre 17 et 15 ka BP ainsi qu'entre 10 et 8 ka BP. Ces intervalles de temps sont contemporains de l’évènement Heinrich 1 (HS1) et de l’Holocène inférieur. Les shifts négatifs centrés sur le HS1 coïncident avec un phénomène d'upwelling renforcé dans l'océan austral, associé à un déplacement vers le pôle des vents d'ouest. Ceci implique une augmentation de la formation de la SSW qui se propage dans l'Ouest du Pacifique subtropical. L'excursion négative de l'εNd durant l’Holocène inferieur (~10-8 cal ka BP) indique une plus grande proportion de SSW qui pourrait être associée avec une plus forte production de SSW, comme observé récemment dans l'atlantique Sud, et/ou avec une possible réduction de la NPIW. Nos données suggèrent que le schéma de circulation actuel dans la partie occidental du Pacifique subtropical s'est mis en place il y a 4600 ansThe aim of this study is to reconstruct the evolution of the hydrology of the western subtropical North Pacific Ocean by using εNd proxy analysed on foraminifera and dispersed authigenic ferromanganese oxide precipitates in sediments from deep-sea cores collected in the northern SCS. Before using the εNd proxy on deep sea sediments of the SCS, Nd of 16 seawater profiles collected in the northern South China Sea (SCS) and the Philippine Sea were investigated to establish the εNd distribution of water masses along the tropical western Pacific and the SCS that, until now have not been documented. εNd values for mid- and deep-water masses of the Philippine Sea and the SCS range from -2.7 to -4.4 and generally increase slightly with water depth. In the Philippine Sea, εNd values for the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) reach- 2.7±0.4 at mid-depths (500 to 1400 m). Below ~1800 m, the Pacific Deep Water (PDW) is characterized by less radiogenic Nd (-4.1±0.5) indicating the instrusion of southern sourced water masses. For most of the stations in the Northern SCS, water masses below 1500m (PDW) display homogenous εNd values (~ -4.1) similar to those of the PDW in the Philippine Sea. εNd values for the South China Sea Intermediate Water (SCSIW, 500-1500m) vary from -3.0 to -3.9 as a result of the vertical mixing of the NPIW with the PDW in the SCS. Seawater εNd values for the SCS (~5.3 to -7.0) display local modification in areas where the water lies above sediment drift deposit systems. This implies that “boundary exchange” with unradiogenic sediments (around~11) may occur temporally and spatially and does not modify he Nd isotopic composition of the PDW in the Northern SCS. In a second step, seawater εNd extracted from cleaned planktonic foraminifera G. ruber has been investigated on core MD05-2904, collected at a deph of 2000m on the north-western margin of the SCS. This study was undertaken in order to reconstruct hydrological variations since the LGM in the western subtropical North Pacific. The εNd records obtained from foraminifera spanning the past 25kyr. Display a wide range of values, ranging from -4±0.2 to -6.7±0.3, suggesting important changes in the contribution of the NPDW (εNd=-4) and the UCDW (εNd -6 to -8) in the subtropical western Pacific. During the period of deglaciation, εNd records indicate a relative decrease in the negative excursions of the εNd implying a higher proportion of SSW during the time intervals 17-15 cal kyr BP and 10-8 cal kyr BP; these intervals are coeval with the HS1 and early Holocene. The negative shifts centered on the HS1coincide with an enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean, associated with a polewards shift of the southern westerlies, inducing an enhanced formation of the SSW that propagates to the subtropical western Pacific. The negative excursion of the εNd during the Early Holocene (~10-8 cal kyr BP) indicates a higher relative proportion of SSW that could be associate with higher production of the SSW, as has been recently observed in the South Atlantic, and/or with a possible reduction of the NPIW. Our data suggest that the present modern circulation pattern in the western subtropical Pacific Ocean was fully established after 4.6 cal kyr BP
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Goodwillie, Andrew Michael. "Tectonics of the south central Pacific." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334191.
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Martinson, Jeremy James. "Genetic variation in South Pacific Islanders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293422.
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Subramani. "South Pacific literature : from myth to fabulation /." Suva : University of the South Pacific, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35508666f.
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Faure, Vincent. "Deep circulation in the Eastern South Pacific." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-110119/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisor: Kevin Speer, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Oceanography. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on Nov. 18, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 97 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Herrmann, John. "Japan's economic relations with the South Pacific." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/129551.
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The post-World War II decades witnessed one of the most important economic
achievements in recent world history: the rise of Japan as a global economic
power. This served notice of Japan's new status as an actor on the world stage
and ultimately, of its potential to influence developments around the world. In
the South Pacific, Japan's drive to globalise its giant economy over a period of
four decades generated a considerable impact on the economies of Pacific
Islands countries (PICs). In the period leading up to the mid-1970s, relations
between Japan and the South Pacific developed gradually with a continuing
emphasis on economic involvement initially through trade and investment.
That economic relationship expanded rapidly during the 1980s. Japan's intent
for a role beyond a continuing 'economic' emphasis became increasingly
apparent during this period with Overseas Development Assistance (ODA),
because of its strategic value, becoming a significant component in Japanese
involvement. It was the declaration of the Kuranari Doctrine in 1987 that
made clear Japan's motivation for a greater political role. Thus, from an initial
focus on economic activities in the South Pacific, strategic and political
objectives became important considerations for Japan in the growing economic
relationship.
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McCallum, W. S. "French South Pacific policy under Mitterrand (1981-1993)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. French, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4599.
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The French presence in the South Pacific since 1981 is a topic which has been unevenly treated by accounts both in English and in French. Coverage has been skewed by selective interest in certain controversial issues such as nuclear testing in French Polynesia, the question of whether or not New Caledonia might attain independence, and the Rainbow Warrior bombing. French South Pacific Policy under Mitterrand (1981-1993) offers more dispassionate coverage of the character and implications of the French presence in the region, placing the aforementioned issues within the context of French Government policy.
Part 1 examines the administration of the French Pacific Territories since 1981. Similarities and contrasts in the economic, social and political problems confronting New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna and French Polynesia are outlined. Particular reference is made to the influence of French party policy on the statute reforms undertaken in these territories, namely the succession of laws which were introduced in New Caledonia, culminating with the promulgation of the Matignon Accords in 1988, and the French Polynesian Internal Autonomy Statute of 1984. Statute reforms were not undertaken in Wallis and Futuna, although party political life was transformed at territorial level. Discussion of the varying fortunes of the three French Pacific Territories is concluded with an overview of their situations in the early 1990s: the prospects for continued peace and cooperation in New Caledonia, the constraints imposed on Wallis and Futuna by its isolation, lack of resources and small size, and the troubles French Polynesia has experienced because of local political instability and the suspension of nuclear testing.
Part 2 considers French foreign policy in the South Pacific since 1981. French views on the role the South Pacific plays in the geostrategy of the Fifth Republic are scrutinised to ascertain the motives behind French diplomatic efforts in the zone. This examination leads to coverage of the implications for French diplomacy of nuclear testing in French Polynesia. The challenge to France's sovereignty over its Pacific territories posed by South Pacific Forum campaigning for decolonisation is assessed. So too are French aid and cooperative efforts with regional states, activity which suggests that controversy and confrontation were not all invariably evident in the period under consideration.
The work concludes with a view of the interplay between domestic issues in the French Pacific Territories and French regional diplomacy. While much remains to be done, Paris has to an extent succeeded in promoting the integration of the French Pacific, and in improving the Fifth Republic's standing in the region.
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Gyurnek, Michael Anthony. "Peopling of the Americas : the South Pacific route." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1411.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Anthropology
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Tongamoa, Siupeli Taiamoni. "Aid, planning and development in the South Pacific." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357779.
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Naidu, Vijay. "State class and politics in the South Pacific." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303259.
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McLachlan, Campbell Alan. "State recognition of customary law in the South Pacific." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285211.
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Currie, Caroline G. "Microcredit in the South Pacific : VANWODS - a case study." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401769.
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Jordahl, Kelsey Allyn 1970. "Tectonic evolution and midplate volcanism in the South Pacific." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9681.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-139).
by Kelsey Allyn Jordahl.
Ph.D.
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Ho, Wang-tak, and 何宏德. "A study of quality circle of Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265352.
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Lee, Jae-hyung. "China and the Asia-Pacific region : geostrategic relations and a return to a naval dimension." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl4782.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 285-314. Introduction -- Ch. 1. Sea power and the world -- Ch. 2. Chinese sea power and the century of humiliation -- Ch. 3. China's emerging sea power in the PRC period -- Ch. 4. China's expanding maritime sphere of influence int he Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean -- Ch. 5. Southeast Asia: gateway to China's maritime expansion -- Ch. 6. Russia and India: China's immediate competitors -- Ch. 7. Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK): China's competitive neighbours -- Ch. 8. The United States: China's strategic competitor -- Conclusion "The thesis examines China's geostrategic relations with Asia-Pacific countries with special reference to its naval ambitions toward the region. The thesis concentrates especially on the People's Republic of China (PRC)'s apparent intention to expand its maritime influence into the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean by putting pressure on the security of sea lines of communication (SLOCs) from the Gulf to the nations of East Asia via the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, the South China Sea, and the Taiwan Strait." -- ABSTRACT
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McMenamin, Dorothy. "Leprosy and Stigma in the South Pacific: Camaraderie in Isolation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2913.
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The oral histories utilized by this research reveal the experiences of those
who suffered leprosy in five South Pacific nations, Fiji, New Caledonia,
Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu. This thesis explores how leprosy and its stigma
impacted on the lives of these people, some of whom suffered decades of
isolation at various leprosaria including the case of one New Caledonian
resident for nearly seventy years.
The testimonies of their experiences of diagnosis, removal into isolation,
medical treatment and eventual discharge back to their homes implicitly
contain descriptions of attitudes of stigma in their communities. This
research reveals that where there is openness and knowledge about the
minimal risk of leprosy contagion, as occurred in Fiji and Vanuatu from the
1950s, less stigma is attached to the disease. Nevertheless even in these
countries, prior to the 1950s and availability of any effective medication, the
fear and horror of the physical effects of leprosy was such that the victims
were either cast out or chose to move away from their homes. This
segregation led to groups of leprosy sufferers banding together to help care
for each other. Once the policy of isolation in leprosaria was implemented,
advanced cases of leprosy benefited from the better medical facilities and
found opportunities for friendships and camaraderie. However, where the
conditions at leprosaria were miserable and movements of the residents
visibly restricted by fences, as occurred in Samoa and Tonga, there was
heightened leprosy stigma.
Perceptions of stigma varied from person to person and region to region.
Higher levels of stigma were evident in New Caledonia, where leprosaria
had been situated at former prison sites and strict isolation enforced, and in
Tonga, where the removal of all leprosy sufferers had from the earliest days
been associated with biblical strictures asserting that leprosy was a curse and
the sufferers unclean. Following the availability of sulphone treatment in
the South Pacific in the1950s and the improved medication in the 1980s,
leprosy need no longer be physically disfiguring or disabling. Assisted by
the generous donations gathered by the Pacific Leprosy Foundation in New
Zealand to the medical services at the central leprosy hospital in Fiji, and by
direct assistance to leprosy sufferers in the Pacific, the disadvantages that
were imposed by leprosy in the past are disappearing and as one contributor
to the project said ‘the time of darkness’ is ending.
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Serrano, Katharina Anna. "EU-South Pacific : trade-developments nexus in Economic Partnership Agreements." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2009. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20210/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the trade-development nexus in economic relations between the European Union and Pacific island states. Two interrelated but competing International Relations theories are utilised as tools for analysis: the dependency theory and realist theory. The research consists of analysis of the approaches, assumptions and applicability of both theories in the wider context of North-South relations, with a focus on recent changes in the relationship between the European Union and Pacific island states. The thesis revealed that the lack of success in reaching policy objectives throughout a long-lasting relationship was a key driving force for several policy shifts; these resulted in the implementation of the trade-development nexus into new foreign policy instruments, the Economic Partnership Agreements. Research demonstrated that new dependency theory forecasts more emphasis on the internal development dimension and a development-friendly trade-development nexus. Realist theory however estimates that, depending on power projections and self-interests involved, the trade-development nexus may lead to either more co-operation or more conflict in relations between the European Union and Pacific island states. In order to test the theoretical propositions, the thesis turned to the analysis of two case studies. It looked at the sugar sector in Fiji and the fisheries sector in the South Pacific. Both case studies demonstrated how the trade-development nexus selfadjusts to a given situation or changes through a set of conditions present at any given point in time— a phenomenon that is a defining feature, and possibly the actual essence of the nexus. This flexibility may positively contribute to the European Union's aspirations of becoming an influential global actor through trade and development policies. However, flexibility renders the trade-development nexus unpredictable as policy instrument and therefore less desirable from the perspective of Pacific island countries than it would appear in light of the case-studies.
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Lovensheimer, James A. "The Musico-Dramatic Evolution of Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1048623444.
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Lovensheimer, James A. Hammerstein Oscar Rodgers Richard. "The musico-dramatic evolution of Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1048623444.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 283 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Arved Ashby, School of Music. Includes bibliographical references (p. 276-283).
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Ren, Shengjie. "Genetic improvement of the Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) in China." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/200631/1/Shengjie_Ren_Thesis.pdf.
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Farming Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is one of the most important aquaculture industries around the world with China the biggest producer. To date however, this industry relies largely on unimproved stocks. This project represents a step towards genetic improvement of P. vannamei through family selection in China. It examines genetic diversity and relatedness among domesticated culture lines generating information used for producing a base population with broad genetic variation. Subsequent quantitative genetic analyses have shown that growth and several key reproductive traits can theoretically, be exploited via selection in future breed improvement program.
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Ting, Tsan-kau Chris, and 丁燦球. "International market selection in Asia Pacific Region: air conditioning service industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269266.
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盧偉芳 and Wai-fong Lo. "Redevelopment of South China Athletic Association." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982979.
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Lo, Wai-fong. "Redevelopment of South China Athletic Association." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25951245.
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吳達源 and Tat-yuen Ng. "Corporate landscape design for Cathay Pacific headquarters at Chek LapKok." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980697.
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Shen, Hong. "Economic integration in APEC and the role of China." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/MQ55109.pdf.
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Pascal, Nicolas. "Coral reef ecosystem services economic valuation experiences from the South Pacific." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/134735.
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Economic approaches through ecosystem services (ES) valuation are increasingly recommended by conservation organisations to face main market externalities affecting biodiversity in general and coral reef ecosystems. In this dissertation, we will analyse the experience of two economic valuations of coral reef ecosystems in the Pacific focusing on two aspects. The first is to evaluate if current methods of Coral Reef Ecosystem Services Valuation (CRESV) permits to transmit a correct signal about ES and the second is to assess the impacts of results on policy-making and market externalities.
The first study is the economic valuation of the coral reef ecosystems of New Caledonia. Financed by French Ministries of Environment and Oversea Territories, the main objective was to make visible the value of this ecosystem in the economy of the territory. The second one is a cost-benefit analysis of Marine Protected Areas in Vanuatu. Required by the French Development Bank, the aim was to realize an ex-post valuation of the impacts of marine biodiversity conservation on the economic development of the implicated villages and other stakeholders. More precisely, MPA impacts on the ES were quantified, total costs linked to each MPA were calculated and the C-B (Cost-Benefit) ratio and RoI (Return-on-Investment) were computed.
More than 10 ecosystem services have been analysed with methods mainly based on financial values through producer surplus and avoided damage costs. Applied methods are classic ones with some improvements and originality such as the use of protein content equivalent for subsistence fishery, the larval stomach content to quantify links between reef ecosystem and pelagic fisheries, the application of the Advertising Image Analysis to tune the role of CR in the tourism motivation, the setup of experimental fishery to determine precise improvements in fishery productivity and the adaptation of a bio-physical model for coastal protection ES.
Results in New Caledonia have permitted to make visible a contribution comprised between 195 and 330 M!.y-1 highlighting the importance of the coastal protection, the noncommercial fishery and the underwater tourism.
In Vanuatu, for donors and local policymakers, we demonstrated that, after at least 6 years of MPA implementation, all RoI except one were above 0, implying that financial benefits exceed costs. Based on a 25-year project life, the average expected C-B ratios was 4.1. We estimate the mean aggregate economic value of MPA impacts to be approximately US$ 44,000 per year per km2. Tourism ES were the largest estimated effect for all MPAs, despite stark differences in tourism development across sites. Impacts on tourism were followed by impacts on fish productivity.
CRESV in the South Pacific context are complex exercises, which face a series of specific challenges to transmit a "right" signal about their importance. Some solutions have been proposed and discussed. The results of the 2 reports have mostly been used for "informative" purposes by public organisations and support in an ex-ante decision has been scarce. Different reasons are advanced to explain this lower than expected impact such as the lack of precise definition of the decision making question and the absence of a clear strategy of communication to different audiences.
The next step to improve the application of information produced by CRESVs is to directly inform public decisions, play a role in designing instruments such as PES, and be utilised in local development planning. In parallel, the financial approach of ESV can bring concrete information about potential returns for private sources of financing for conservation. Funds such as impact investment may be attracted by the MPA¿s financial ratios as the business case for Vanuatu was convincingly made.
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Zielske, Susan [Verfasser]. "The radiation of truncatelloidean gastropods across the South Pacific / Susan Zielske." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121946674/34.
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Maitland, Kathryn. "The epidemiology of malaria on Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu, South West Pacific." Thesis, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393891.
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Baker, Daniel Alexander. "Technologies of encounter : exhibition-making and the 18th century South Pacific." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2018. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/13703/.
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Between 1768 and 1780 Captain James Cook led three epic voyages from Britain into the Pacific Ocean, where he and his fellow explorers- artists, naturalists, philosophers and sailors, were to encounter societies and cultures of extraordinary diversity. These 18th Century South Pacific encounters were rich with performance, trade and exchange; but they would lead to the dramatic and violent transformation of the region through colonisation, settlement, exploitation and disease. Since those initial encounters, museums in Britain have become home to the images and artefacts produced and collected in the South Pacific; and they are now primary sites for the representation of the original voyages and their legacies. This representation most often takes the form of exhibitions and displays that in turn choreograph and produce new encounters with the past, in the present. Drawing on Alfred Gell's term 'technologies of enchantment' my practice reconceives the structures of exhibitions as 'technologies of encounter': exploring how they might be reconfigured to produce new kinds of encounter. Through reflexive practice I critically engage with museums as sites of encounters, whilst re-imagining the exhibition as a creative form. The research submission takes the form of an exhibition: an archive of materials from the practice, interwoven with a reflective dialogue in text. The thesis progresses through a series of exhibition encounters, each of which explores a different approach to technologies of encounter, from surrealist collage (Cannibal Dog Museum) and critical reflexivity (The Hidden Hand), to a conversational mode (Modernity's Candle and the Ways of the Pathless Deep).
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Toomey, Michael R., Jeffrey P. Donnelly, and Jessica E. Tierney. "South Pacific hydrologic and cyclone variability during the last 3000 years." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614773.
Full textAbstract:
Major excursions in the position of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and/or changes in its intensity are thought to drive tropical cyclone (TC) and precipitation variability across much of the central South Pacific. A lack of conventional sites typically used for multimillennial proxy reconstructions has limited efforts to extend observational rainfall/TC data sets and our ability to fully assess the risks posed to central Pacific islands by future changes in fresh water availability or the frequency of storm landfalls. Here we use the sedimentary record of Apu Bay, offshore the island of Tahaa, French Polynesia, to explore the relationship between SPCZ position/intensity and tropical cyclone overwash, resolved at decadal time scales, since 3200years B.P. Changes in orbital precession and Pacific sea surface temperatures best explain evidence for a coordinated pattern of rainfall variability at Tahaa and across the Pacific over the late Holocene. Our companion record of tropical cyclone activity from Tahaa suggests major storm activity was higher between 2600-1500years B.P., when decadal scale SPCZ variability may also have been stronger. A transition to lower storm frequency and a shift or expansion of the SPCZ toward French Polynesia around 1000years B.P. may have prompted Polynesian migration into the central Pacific.
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Yao, Qichao, Peter M. Brown, Shirong Liu, Monique E. Rocca, Valerie Trouet, Ben Zheng, Haonan Chen, Yinchao Li, Duanyang Liu, and Xiaochun Wang. "Pacific-Atlantic Ocean influence on wildfires in northeast China (1774 to 2010)." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623055.
Full textAbstract:
Identification of effects that climate teleconnections, such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), have on wildfires is difficult because of short and incomplete records in many areas of the world. We developed the first multicentury wildfire chronologies for northeast China from fire-scarred trees. Regional wildfires occurred every 7years from the 1700s to 1947, after which fire suppression policies were implemented. Regional wildfires occurred predominately during drought years and were associated with positive phases of ENSO and PDO and negative NAO. Twentieth century meteorological records show that this contingent combination of +ENSO/+PDO/-NAO is linked to low humidity, low precipitation, and high temperature during or before late spring fire seasons. Climate and wildfires in northeast China may be predictable based on teleconnection phases, although future wildfires may be more severe due to effects of climate change and the legacy of fire suppression.
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Klintworth, Gary. "New Taiwan, New China : Taiwan's changing role in the Asia-Pacific region." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151032.
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Schroeder, Robert E. "The ecology of patch reef fishes in a subtropical Pacific atoll: recruitment variability, community structure and effects of fishing predators." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/18158.
Full textAbstract:
The ecology of patch reef fishes was studied to quantify the main
factors that affect the natural variability of the fish community and
to determine the effects produced on the community by experimental
removal of predators. Initially, a year-long baseline description was
completed of the physical, biological and ecological characteristics of
8 pristine patch reefs at Midway lagoon. For over 3 subsequent years,
piscivorous predators were spearfished at least monthly, often for days
at a time, on 4 of the 8 reefs. Fish populations were visually
censused throughout the experiment. In all seasons and years of the
project, daily recruitment rate of postlarval fishes to natural patch
reefs was compared to that measured on standardized, artificial reefs
of various sizes and degrees of inter-reef isolation. Finally, all
baseline measurements were replicated and complete collections were
made of all fishes, to validate the visual census method.
Visual censusing was found to be of adequate precision and accuracy
for most resident, non-cryptic species (highest for small patch reefs).
Fishes could be assigned to size classes underwater by visual estimate
with high accuracy. Rotenone collections were highly effective in
quantifying many species commonly missed or underestimated in visual
censuses.
Only a few species composed the bulk of all recruits, while most
species were rare or not seen at all. Variation between species was
related to life history strategies or behavioral requirements. High temporal variability was found at the following scales: 1) Annuallywhere
variability increased with the magnitude of recruitment, and
different species recruited heavily in different years, suggesting that
species specific factors in the plankton are more important than
general oceanographic conditions; 2) Seasonally- pulsing strongly in
summer, and occasionally late fall, when favorable environmental
conditions may maximize growth and survival; and 3) Daily- with 1 or 2
strong peaks (each only a few days long) over a period of several weeks
of low, variable recruitment.
Small-scale spatial variability between replicate attractors
(standardized artificial reefs) and between attractor types (coral and
wire) were both high for a few species recruiting abundantly, although
most recruits are probably substrate generalists. Rigorous visual fish
censuses can adequately document moderate- to long-term temporal
variation in the abundances of recently recruited juveniles on patch
reefs (i.e., based on similar temporal patterns assessed by daily
attractors). Daily total recruitment rate increased, although at
diminishing densities, with (attractor) reef size, and with degree of
inter-reef isolation. Abundances of recently recruited fish censused
on neighboring, natural patch reefs (much larger than attractors)
increased with reef size. The effect of isolation on these natural
reefs was confounded by the stronger effect of reef size. These
results suggest that if optimum size and spacing of reefs is provided,
either by proper design of artificial reefs or selection of marine reserves, managers may enhance fish recruitment and ultimately improve
local fisheries:
Of the 135 fishes censused on the patch reefs studied, only 6
species together accounted for 70% of the total number of all fish,
mainly due to heavy seasonal recruitment pulses. Strong seasonal and
annual variability in recruitment was responsible for most of the
temporal variation in fish abundance. The structure of patch reef fish
communities at Midway was characterized by high unpredictability (e.g.,
great seasonal and/or annual variability in recruitment by common
species, recruitment limitation for most species, and a high turnover
rate detected by frequent sampling). Some predictions of the theory of
island biogeography were also met by these fish communities (e.g.,
species richness correlated strongly with patch reef area, volume and
relief). and total fish abundance. Some populations also exhibited a
degree of long-term stability. Species diversity [H'] was similar
among different size reefs.
The experimental fishing on piscivores produced a catch composed
mainly of lizardfish, due largely to immigration following the removal
of other, competitively superior, highly resident piscivores.
Scorpionfish and moray eels were also dominant predators. The expected
decreases in catch-per-unit-effort were not realized, except for a
quantitatively insignificant family (hawkfish). Conversely, the catch
of the highly migratory lizardfish actually increased as fishing
progressed. Changes in the catch composition for other piscivores related mainly to major changes in reef size or to patterns of large,
inter-year recruitment fluctuations. Census data confirmed the major
trends indicted by catch results. Sharks and jacks were attracted to
the experimental reefs by spearfishing; the study was unable to
determine whether their piscivorous effect was different between reef
treatments.
Patch reef fish communities at Midway were relatively resilient to
long-term, intense fishing pressure on piscivores. However, enhanced
survival of a large, annual, summer recruitment pulse of a common
cardinalfish, synchronized with a temporary but significant reduction
of lizardfish (the most prevalent piscivore) by fishing, suggested that
an effect of predation on reef fish populations is experimentally
detectable and considerable. However, temporal and spatial variability
in recruitment, and reef size differences and changes in size were the
primary factors responsible for the observed temporal patterns in fish
abundance. COlnmunity analysis involves numerous confounding effects
and requires the most careful interpretation for valid conclusions.xvi, 321 leaves, bound : ill. ; 29 cm.
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Deng, Yong. "China and Japan in the Asia-Pacific regional economic cooperation indigenous major powers and international regime formation /." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36384792.html.
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Nieuwenhuis, Marijn. "Producing China : the politics of space in the making of modern China." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60419/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis entails an analysis of the relationship between space and politics in the construction and legitimisation of modern China. The thesis argues that the production of space has since the onset of modernity in China, in itself very much a spatial process, played a substantial yet, largely unexplored and academically unacknowledged role in both the construction of the nation state and the legitimisation of political ideologies. I wish to show that the production of modern space has since the mid-17th century played an increasingly vital role in the abstract concretisation and the everyday diffusion of the geographic imagination of the Chinese nation state. The state, in other words, legitimises its existence through the reification of space. This thesis contributes to a historical and spatial understanding of the role of geographies of power in creating an alternative understanding of what China is and how it is (re-)produced spatially. Such an understanding problematises the realised abstraction of the Chinese nation state and politicises the production and representation of space in China. The thesis thus questions notions of Chinese essentialism, Chinese history, Chinese architecture and other expressions of state spaces. The position that this thesis takes is that the production of space gives form and meaning to the political. The thesis looks at a variety of spatial techniques of power by analysing the politics of cartography, urban planning, architecture and other forms of production of space. By emphasising the politics of space, this thesis is a work of political geography on the subject of modern Chinese state space. This thesis comprises six chapters, an introduction and a conclusion.
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Mak, Sum. "Seismic analysis of the South China Region." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30588893.
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Li, Hui. "Numerical modeling of South China Sea circulation /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202005%20LI.
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Mak, Sum, and 麥琛. "Seismic analysis of the South China Region." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30588893.
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Ji, Wenbin. "Late Mesozoic extensional tectonics in south China." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2037/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les structures extensives d'âge Mésozoïque tardif (Crétacé) sont très répandues en Eurasie orientale, depuis la Transbaïkalie en Russie jusqu'à l'intérieur de la Chine du Sud. Elles constituent la plus grande province de distension crustale dans le monde. Cette thèse a sélectionné des structures développées dans trois endroits différents du bloc de Chine du sud en utilisant les méthodes de la géologie structurale, de l'anisotropie de la susceptibilité magnétique et de la géochronologie (U-Pb sur zircon et titanite, U-Th-Pb sur monazite et Ar-Ar sur micas et amphiboles). L'expression des structures extensives diffère selon les endroits étudiés: (1) la ceinture orogénique de HP/UHP Tongbai-Dabie, le long de la bordure nord du bloc de Chine du sud a été remaniée par au Crétacé par la formation d'un antiforme ou d'un dôme métamorphique extensif. Contemporaine de la migmatisation et du magmatisme syntectonique, le régime extensif a commencé à environ 145 Ma et s'est approché de son point culminant vers 130 Ma. Ce qui a été interprété comme le résultat de la suppression de la racine orogénique. Localement, un nouvel épisode de distension vers 110-90 Ma a également été enregistré; (2) le batholite de Dayunshan-Mufushan intrudif dans l'orogène Neoproterozoic Jiangnan se compose de deux phases d'intrusions granitiques d'âge Jurassique (ca. 150 Ma) et Crétacé inférieur (ca. 132 Ma). Le pluton le plus récent s'est mis en place dans un contexte d'extension NW-SE correspondant au processus amincissement crustal du Crétacé inférieur, avec une faille de détachement développée le long de sa bordure ouest; (3) l'anticlinal de Huangling dans le craton du Yangtze est un pli asymétrique d'axe N-S formé entre le Jurassique et le Crétacé inférieur. Sur les deux flancs, la couverture sédimentaire a participé à une série de plis d'effondrement de vergence opposée et de glissements banc-sur-banc des couches. Les exemples étudiés ci-dessus représentent une série de structures d'extension d'âge Crétacé développées dans différents niveaux structuraux: exhumation de croûte inférieure et moyenne de accommodée par un fort étirement, mise en place syntectonique de plutons granitiques avec étirement limité, déformation de la couverture sédimentaire sous une faible extension. Ils indiquent que la Chine du Sud a également participé au régime extensif bien connu en Chine du Nord. Ces résultats apportent des données nouvelles de première main permettant de discuter le cadre tectonique et géodynamiques spatio-temporel du régime extensif du Crétacé sur la marge orientale de l'EurasieLate Mesozoic extensional structures are widespread in eastern Eurasia (from Transbaikalia region in Russia to inland South China). They constitute the largest crustal extensional province in the world. This thesis selected extensional structures developed in three different tectonic settings in the South China block. Detailed studies including structural geology, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and geochronology (zircon and titanite U-Pb, monazite U-Th-Pb, and mica Ar-Ar) were conducted. The expression of these extensional structures is not the same for each area: (1) the Tongbai-Dabie HP/UHP orogenic belt along the northern edge of the South China block was reworked by Cretaceous extensional antiform or metamorphic core complex. Coeval with migmatization and syntectonic magmatism, the extensional regime started at ca. 145 Ma, and approached its climax at ca. 130 Ma that was signaled by removal of the orogenic root. Locally, a late (110-90 Ma) extensional event was also recorded; (2) the Dayunshan-Mufushan batholith intruding the Neoproterozoic Jiangnan orogen is composed of two phases of granitic intrusions with Late Jurassic (ca. 150 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (ca. 132 Ma) ages, respectively. The late pluton emplaced under a NW-SE extensional setting corresponding to the Early Cretaceous crustal thinning process, with a detachment fault developed along its western margin; (3) the Huangling anticline within the Yangtze craton is a nearly N-S striking asymmetric dome formed between the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. The sedimentary cover on the two flanks was involved in a series of oppositely-directed collapse folding and layer-parallel slipping. These examples of Cretaceous extensional structures in different tectonic levels (exhumation of middle-lower crust by strong stretching, syn-tectonic emplacement of granitic pluton with limited stretching, deformation of sedimentary cover under a weak extension) indicates that South China also was involved into the regional extensional regime coeval with the destruction of the North China craton. These results provide first-hand new structural evidence for further discussing the temporal-spatial framework and geodynamic setting of the Cretaceous extensional tectonics on the eastern margin of Eurasia
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Wang, Shwu-bo, and 王淑鉢. "China''s Maritime Strategy in South Pacific Region." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32195627241136510348.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
大陸研究所
93
The South Pacific Ocean is an area easily to be disregarded, although it possesses a very significant value of the military strategy.Contemporary,the South Pacific arena has become an important part of Chinese maritime Strategy.The reform and opening up in China bring the growth of economics and trade and the extension of national power for about twenty years, meanwhile, the state suffers from the demands of energy,the dispute of sovereignty,and the problems of the defensive screen of the American Containment Policy in East.Under such circumstances, China formulates a concrete and distinct military strategy in order to strive for the interests of the sea.On this purpose, China chooses the South Pacific area to be a part of Chinese strategic arrangements.According to the strategy, as soon as China invades the defensive screen of the American Containment Policy in east, an American military will be presence. Therefore, China can depend on its base and military power in the South Pacific area to prevent from the presence of an American military and delay it for the strategic purpose of the sea denial.
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Hsu, Chu-Pen, and 徐居本. "US Asia-Pacific Strategy and Its Influence to the South China Sea Issue." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31080212241302081773.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
國際政治研究所
104
South China Sea, locating in the core of the Asia-Pacific region, shortening the distance from Indian Ocean to Western Pacific, has been the important shipping hub for centuries from East Asia to South Asia, Middle East, Africa and Europe. Because of the important geographical location coupled with complex historical background, the South China Sea dispute extends from a century ago to the present, being a long-standing regional issues. In recent years, not only the countries (the Republic of China, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and mainland China) compete for the sea sovereignty, but the non-disputing countries (US, Japan, India and Russia) are also actively involved in on the grounds of assisting allies, among which the hegemony of the world, the United States, is the most influential one. This paper begins analyzing the situation of South East Sea under the competition among the countries and the intervention of the United States. Secondly, it takes a deep look into the Asia-Pacific strategy and policy of the United States from the aspects of politics, economy and military security, and at last observing the situation in South China Sea after influenced by the intervention of the United States. On the aspect of politics, the United States takes advantages of the disputes to strengthen the cooperation with ASEAN countries. On the aspect of economy, South China Sea area is important place for trading and investment to the United States. Any conflict in this area influences its economy a lot, so ensuring security and stability in this region becomes the reason why the United States actively gets involved into the South China Sea to resolve disputes. On the aspect of military security, the United States expands and maintains its military supremacy by preventing the development of any military force in this region. South China Sea has been disputed for decades, the main topics are the territory and resources, but in recent years, disputes have become more international and complicated. With the stronger involvement of US in the South China Sea issue, the strategic intent of US becomes more obvious. The involvement of the United States has directly and indirectly influenced the situation in South China Sea and the development of the Asia-Pacific region.
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Hsieh, Wei-Peng, and 謝瑋芃. "Taxonomy of Acrothoracican barnacles in the Western-Pacific and the South China Sea region." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15167964950278824346.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋生物研究所
100
Acrothoracican barnacles, also known as the boring barnacles, bores into the marine calcareous structures, including corals, gastropod and hermit crab shells, and the limestone rocks. At present, Kolbasov (2009) indicate acrothoracican barnacles consists of 65 species in 11 genera, three families and two orders of acrothoracican barnacles have been record worldwide. However, almost most of the studies in Acrothoracica were about its taxonomy. There were not many papers about its ecology. Diversity study of acorthoracican barnacles in Western Pacific Region is especially rare. In the past taxonomic studies in Taiwan, only Balanodytes taiwanus was described by Utinomi (1950) in Kaohsiung, and little information was known about the ecology and distribution pattern in Taiwan. This study focus on the identification and taxonomic studies of acrothoracican barnacles in the Western Pacific Region and South China Sea including Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Philippines. We found eight genera Balanodytes, Auritoglyptes, Berndtia, Kochlorine, Lithoglyptes, Weltneria, Trypetesa, Cryptophialus and 15 species. 4 new species were identified and with 7 new record for Taiwan.
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Gai, Congcong. "Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic study of North Pacific Ocean and South China Sea sediments." Phd thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/227704.
Full textAbstract:
Magnetism plays an important role in marine science. On the one hand, paleomagnetism helps us to understand ancient geomangetic field behaviour that can also facilitate geochronological studies. On the other hand, rock magnetism can provide valuable information concerning paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic processes. However, magnetic particles in marine sediments are influenced by multiple geological and environmental processes, and commonly occur in mixed magnetic mineral assemblages, which complicates magnetic parameter interpretation. Therefore, to apply environmental magnetism in marine science, it is crucial to be able to discriminate magnetic signals in marine sediments and to relate these signals to relevant processes. In this study, detailed paleomagnetic and rock magnetic studies have been performed on sediments from the North Pacific Ocean (NPO) and the South China Sea (SCS). The main conclusions of this work are as follows. Magnetite is the dominant magnetic mineral throughout SCS Hole U1431D, and its remanence is used to reconstruct a magnetostratigraphic time framework for the past ~6.5 Ma. A single authigenic greigite-bearing interval is identified at 130.5-132.0 mbsf, whose age is estimated at ~2.53-2.55 Ma is associated with oceanographic changes that coincided with intensification of northern hemisphere glaciation. Sedimentary magnetic parameters are affected mainly by the East Asian monsoon and are used to indicate monsoon evolution over the past 6.5 Ma. The summer and winter monsoon were stable before 5 Ma. The summer monsoon intensified from 5 Ma to 3.8 Ma, when it started to weaken. The winter monsoon weakened at 5 Ma, and then intensified after 3.8 Ma, finally stabilizing at 0.6 Ma. Spectral analyses indicate that there was a direct response of the summer monsoon to low-latitude insolation between 6.5 and 3.2 Ma. Since 3.2 Ma, both low-latitude insolation and high-latitude global ice volume have influenced summer monsoon evolution. In NPO core NP02, three visible tephra layers are identified, and can be correlated to the To-Of, Spfa-1, and Kt-3 tephra layers. Together with a radiocarbon date, an initial age model was reconstructed over the ~22-57 ka interval for core NP02. Magnetic analyses suggest that the remanence is carried by detrital vortex state and biogenic single domain magnetite. These two components record similar relative paleointensity (RPI) patterns, and the fidelity of the core NP02 RPI record is further verified by comparison with other RPI stacks and records. Therefore, the RPI-assisted chronology is used to date the studied NPO sediments by tuning the initial core NP02 age model using RPI variations. Hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) is dominated by the hematite concentration and is used as a proxy for Asian-sourced dust content. Low dust contents are identified at ~25, 39, 48, and 55 ka, which can be linked to Heinrich events 2, 4, 5, and 5a, and are likely caused by southward shifts of the westerlies associated with Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) slowdowns. AMOC slowdowns increase the meridional temperature gradient and, therefore, lead to intensified and southward-shifted westerlies. In this situation, the main westerly axis shifts away from the NP02 core site and, therefore, low dust contents are recorded at this site.
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Lin, Zong-Ying, and 林宗瑩. "Passive Fluxes of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Northern South China Sea and Northwest Pacific." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3v5r8p.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
海洋科學系研究所
104
The passive flux, a part of biological pump, is sinking organic matters produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis in the upper layer and escaped from regeneration in the euphotic zone. In addition, the vertical flux of dissolved organic matter (DOM) may be worth noting in the biological pump. Passive fluxes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) were respectively estimated to be 66.8±1.29 mg C m-2 d-1, 12.8±0.38 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.99±0.07 mg P m-2 d-1 in the spring season, about 64.3±1.47 mg C m-2 d-1, 12.1±0.47 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.93±0.04 mg P m-2 d-1 in the summer season, about 155±15.9 mg C m-2 d-1, 21.2±1.68 mg N m-2 d-1 and 1.79±0.19 mg P m-2 d-1 in an internal-waves induced event. The fluxes were also found to be 18.4~19.9 mg C m-2 d-1, 3.05~3.52 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.29~0.38 mg P m-2 d-1 in the spring season in the Northwest Pacific (NP), and about 93.2 mg C m-2 d-1, 15.9 mg N m-2 d-1 and 0.97 mg P m-2 d-1 in a typhoon influenced event. Meanwhile, the organic carbon flux derived from the Vertical Generalized Production Model (VGPM) was 183±17 mg C m-2 d-1 in a winter anticyclonic eddy in NSCS. Passive fluxes of CNP were obviously enhanced by the special events (internal-waves and typhoons). Positive correlations were significant between the chlorophyll inventory and DIN inventory, and also significant between passive fluxes of CNP and DIN inventory in the euphotic zone. Thus, passive fluxes of CNP were apparently driven by primary production. The diffusion flux of DOM increased generally with depth and was enhanced obviously in the internal-waves condition. However, the DOM flux was not enhanced in a typhoon event. The proportions of CNP fluxes to the biological pump in NSCS are 66.5%, 74.3% and 71.3%, respectively, in regular spring, about 3.8±9.18%, 76.6±0.58% and 75.1±2.02%, respectively, in regular summer, and about 62.1%, 73.5% and 64.7%, respectively, in an internal-waves induced event, and about 62.6%, 65.6% and 64.7%, respectively, in regular spring in the NP. The passive flux accounts for the highest proportion of the biological pump. However, the proportion of DOM flux is insignificant in the biological pump.
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Chang, Wei, and 張瑋. "South Pacific Island Nations’ Diplomatic Choice between Taiwan and China─Case Studies of Nauru, Kiribati and Vanuatu." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12934987837291995261.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
政治學系
100
South pacific island nations play important roles in cross-Strait diplomatic competition for a long time. Owing to the political conflicts between China and Taiwan, south pacific island nations get more interests by means of changing their diplomatic recognition. Focusing on the south pacific island nations’ domestic political factors, the influence of the parliament on island nations’ diplomatic choice is noteworthy. Moreover, Australia may have the greatest influence on island nations because it is the largest donor in the south pacific, its view on cross-Strait diplomatic competition also has a considerable influence on island nations’ diplomatic choice. This thesis will start from the point of view of the south pacific island nations to study the factors which influence on island nations’ choice when they face the diplomatic competition between China and Taiwan. In this thesis, the first step is to generalize the diplomatic relation history and current status between Taiwan and China with the south pacific island nations respectively. This thesis also discusses China, Taiwan and Australia’s policies and standpoints toward the south pacific, it includes, for example, the influence on a diplomatic truce between Taiwan and China after President Ma Ying-Jeou took office in 2008, and China changed its aid mode to island nations since 2005. Then, this thesis will conduct case studies of Nauru, Kiribati and Vanuatu to discuss the degree of influence when these island nations make diplomatic choices in three variables: personal and national interests, domestic political factors and external power factors. It is found from this thesis that in the cases of Nauru, Kiribati and Vanuatu, the greatest influence variable is personal and national interests, domestic political factors is secondary, and external power factors have significant influence only in Vanuatu case. These case studies may not represent all the south pacific island nations, but expecting generalize those three variables could become the standard of interpretation when we observe the island nations’ diplomatic choice in the future.
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CHIH, LIU LI, and 劉禮誌. "PLA Navy in the Western Pacific Strategic to View：Marines deployed to the South China Sea as an example." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zvb7h8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防大學
戰略研究所
102
Abstract Since the end of the Cold War, the complexity of the South China Sea dispute is growing with the passing days. The United States puts her focus on Asia, and takes East Asia as the entry point to return to the Asia-Pacific, this region is the key of whether the PRC Navy could enter the Pacific across the second island chain, to compete with the United States. Therefore, in this article I’m going to discuss the strategic implications of the PRC deployed Marines on the South China Sea in Navy’s Western Pacific strategy, from the shift of the PRC Navy strategy after The Economic Reform. And analysis the PRC Marines’ function and strategic mission in South China Sea after vehicle renew and amphibious capability upgrade, in order to predict future trends. Studies shows that PRC naval strategy is transforming from "inshore defense" to the "regional ocean going Navy", also amphibious vehicles has been substantially modernized, from those increasing Marine Corps amphibious exercises, we can inferences that the PLA is developing three-dimensional combat capability . Keywords: Western Pacific, naval strategy, strategic view, marines, South China Sea.
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Shih, Yung-yen, and 施詠嚴. "Mesoscale eddies triggered particulate organic carbon flux in the Western North Pacific and the northern South China Sea." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qhcbk8.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中山大學
海洋科學系研究所
103
Mesoscale eddies in the subtropical oligotrophic ocean are ubiquitous and play an important role in nutrient supply and oceanic primary production (PP). However, it is still unclear whether these mesoscale eddies can efficiently transfer CO2 from the atmosphere to deep waters via biological pump because of the sampling difficulty due to their transient nature. In May, 2007, particulate organic carbon fluxes (POCf), measured below the euphotic zone at the edge of warm eddy (WE) were 136–194 mg-C m−2 d−1 which was greatly elevated over that (POC flux = 26–35 mg-C m−2 d−1) determined in the nutrient-depleted oligotrophic waters in the Western North Pacific (WNP). In June and July, 2010, higher POCf (77–124 mg-C m−2 d−1) were also observed at the boundary of both WE and cold eddy (CE) in the WNP. The enhanced POCf at the edge of eddies was mainly attributed to both large phytoplankton (e.g. diatom) broken cells and zooplankton fecal pellets based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. In April and September, 2013 and May, 2014, researches were conducted in the South China Sea (SCS) for POCf measuring to better understand the effect of carbon pump in eddies (i.e. CE and WE). The POCf was not only higher in the CE than WE (50–166 and 15–25 mg-C m−2 d−1, respectively) but also in cores than edges in those eddies (CE: 73–166 and 50–53; WE: 25 and 15 mg-C m−2 d−1). Raised POCf of the CE’s core in the Bashi Channel could be followed by more nutrients injection in the core rather than the edge (nitrogen, phosphate and silicate inventories within the euphotic zone were 1155、78、1445 and 395、28、536 mmol m−2, respectively). The elevated POCf found in the core of CE at the SouthEast Asian Time-series Study (SEATS) may be attributed to the core effect on the specific station and its nearby water for a longer period. As to the higher POCf in the core than the edge at the SEATS was probably due to the considerable lateral advection caused by anticyclonic mechanisms of the WE. Based on the result of preliminary particles enumeration and identification, it was that the elevated POCf in CEs was contributed by numerous larger phytoplankton (i.e. diatom: Chaetoceras, Thalassiosira, Nitzschia, Asteromphalus, Coscinodiscus and Pleurosigma) according to their significant and positive relationship between the POCf, the abundance and the carbon content. Additionally, we also deployed a deep sediment trap array (at the depth of 150, 1000, 2000 and 3200 m) at SEATS to understand particle transporting efficiency to deep water. The sinking flux of POC were 25、18、16 and 15 mg-C m−2 d−1 at SEATS suggesting that particles could be largely stored in deep water because the e ratio (POCf / I-PP) did not show significantly change. Therefore, the persistent POCf in the WE was possibly due to active microbial loop (e.g. bacteria) and kept more POC in the refractory condition based on the result of preliminary particles enumeration with more bacteria-covered particles in the surface water of the WE’s core site (WE’s core and others were 32 and 7%, respectively). Moreover, the application of POCf, I-Chl a and I-PP (integrated chlorophyll-a and PP within the euphotic zone) to estimate the quantification of biological pump in the subtropical oligotrophic ocean was reliable in accordance with a strong and positive correlation between ratios of POCf / I-Chl a and export ratio. In conclusion, our result stand in the opposite side to the previous study that the POC flux of the eddy is not important and insignificant in the subtropical Pacific Ocean based on our field observations. The result suggests that mesoscale eddies in the oligotrophic waters, such as the subtropical WNP and SCS, can efficiently increase the oceanic carbon export flux. The edge and core of eddies in the WNP and SCS, respectively, act as a crucial conduit in carbon sequestration to deep waters.