Relevant bibliographies by topics / China – History – Colonization

Academic literature on the topic 'China – History – Colonization'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "China – History – Colonization"

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Meng, Xiangfeng, Tong Liu, Lin Zhang, Longru Jin, Keping Sun, and Jiang Feng. "Effects of Colonization, Geography and Environment on Genetic Divergence in the Intermediate Leaf-Nosed Bat, Hipposideros larvatus." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030733.

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Determining the evolutionary history and population drivers, such as past large-scale climatic oscillations, stochastic processes and ecological adaptations, represents one of the aims of evolutionary biology. Hipposideros larvatus is a common bat species in Southern China, including Hainan Island. We examined genetic variation in H. larvatus using mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellites. We found a population structure on both markers with a geographic pattern that corresponds well with the structure on mainland China and Hainan Island. To understand the contributions of geography, the environment and colonization history to the observed population structure, we tested isolation by distance (IBD), isolation by adaptation (IBA) and isolation by colonization (IBC) using serial Mantel tests and RDA analysis. The results showed significant impacts of IBD, IBA and IBC on neutral genetic variation, suggesting that genetic variation in H. larvatus is greatly affected by neutral processes, environmental adaptation and colonization history. This study enriches our understanding of the complex evolutionary forces that shape the distribution of genetic variation in bats.
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Hashim, Rao Raza, and Bushra Arfeen. "Colonialism to Neo-Colonialism: The Chinese Use of Foreign Direct Investment and the Case of Pakistan." Global Economics Review VI, no. IV (December 30, 2021): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(vi-iv).02.

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The practice of neo-colonialism was initially introduced by the United States through the establishment of institutions like the Bretton Woods Institutions (IMF and World Bank) and continuing the legacy, China soon took over and had been using FDI to further its neo-colonial agenda in various parts of the world, including Pakistan. This research explores the history of colonization in the Sub-Continent and traces the origins of neo-colonization with a focus of the United States as a pioneer of the practice and China as the contemporary neo-colonizer. The research traces the transition from colonialism to neo-colonialism and examines the case of Pakistan as a victim of neo-colonialism, presenting the case based on evidence. The paper concludes that neo-colonialism is indeed colonialism with a changed outlook and proposes certain recommendations for Pakistan to minimize the impact of Chinese colonialism.
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Petrov, A. N., N. G. Kurakova, and I. A. Uchkin. "Technological mercantilism and technological colonization: new challenges for Russia." Economics of Science 5, no. 2 (August 17, 2019): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-2-84-100.

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An assessment is made of the prospects for Russia’s perception of advanced technological knowledge borrowed in industrialized countries for technological modernization of enterprises in the real sector of the economy. A review of the episodes of 2017–2019, which suggest that the policy of technological mercantelism is becoming more and more distinct and rigid forms, is presented. Especially frankly, it manifests itself in the example of relations between the USA and China, the USA and Russia.The history of the formation and evolution of technological protectionism, starting from the seventeenth century, is considered to the present day. It has been suggested that technological colonization, which is carried out by the technology-leading countries with respect to the countries of the technological periphery, is the highest evolutionary form of technological protectionism.
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Wang, Shuchen. "Fashioning Chinese feminism: Representations of women in the art history of modern China." Critical Studies in Fashion & Beauty 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/csfb_00027_1.

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Artworks record history. The images of women’s fashion and beauty presented in the art history of modern China illustrate explicitly the challenging, changing and circuitous development of women’s rights and feminism in the country. In this study, I analyse and contextualize the most widespread representations of Chinese ‘modern women’s fashion’: (1) the geisha-like ladies of news illustrations before the 1911 Revolution, (2) the poster-calendar girls in the republican aesthetics of an early commercial society, (3) the papercutting folk art that profiles ‘half the sky’ in the uniform aesthetics of Marxist‐Leninist‐Maoist propaganda, (4) the gender-specific art themes and materials applied by female artists after the opening-up policy and (5) the feminist art in the Chinese contemporary art world. The resulting analysis helps to elucidate the interconnections among fashion, art and women’s status in China, in pursuit of modernity, the radical expansion of western colonization, domestic political turmoil and, in particular, longstanding patriarchal cultural norms and values.
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Hu, Chaochao, Sijia Yuan, Wan Sun, Wan Chen, Wei Liu, Peng Li, and Qing Chang. "Spatial Genetic Structure and Demographic History of the Wild Boar in the Qinling Mountains, China." Animals 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020346.

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Species dispersal patterns and population genetic structure can be influenced by geographical features. Qinling Mountains (QM) provide an excellent area for phylogeographic study. The phylogeography of Asian-wide wild boars revealed the colonization route. However, the impact of the QM on genetic diversity, genetic structure and population origin is still poorly understood. In this study, genetic analysis of wild boar in the QM was conducted based on the mitochondrial control region (943 bp) and twelve microsatellite loci of 82 individuals in 16 sampling locations. Overall genetic haplotype diversity was 0.86, and the nucleotide diversity was 0.0079. A total of 17 new haplotypes were detected. The level of genetic diversity of wild boars in QM was lower than in East Asia, but higher than in Europe. Phylogenetic analysis showed the weak genetic divergence in QM. Mismatch analysis, neutrality tests, and Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) results revealed that the estimates of effective population size were under demographic equilibrium in the past. Spatial analysis of molecular variance indicated no obvious phylogeographic structure.
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Duara, Juliette G. "Religious Pluralism, Personal Laws and Gender Equality in Asia: Their History of Conflict and the Prospects for Accommodation." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 7 (2012): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2194607800000624.

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AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between three religio-legal traditions and their interactions and responses to the concept of gender equality as reflected in their inheritance practices. Specifically, questions of accommodation and authenticity will be explored through the Hindu, Confucian and Islamic traditions as they exist in contemporary India, Singapore and Hong Kong. While the primary focus will be on the current state of law and practice, the paper will begin personal laws during the period of British colonization. The impact of British jurisprudence will be recounted as background to understanding the contemporary state of the three traditions. For India and Singapore this history will include the impact of their independence movements on their personal laws. Hong Kong's history will include the impact of the territory's return to China.
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Shi, W., C. Kerdelhué, and H. Ye. "Genetic Structure and Colonization History of the Fruit Fly Bactrocera tau (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China and Southeast Asia." Journal of Economic Entomology 107, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 1256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ec13266.

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Varani, Nicoletta. "Relations between a Country and a Continent: China and Africa. A first and not a simple matter......" Geopolitical, Social Security and Freedom Journal 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gssfj-2021-0013.

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Abstract Through this contribution of a geopolitical approach, the author intends to propose an updated and accurate framework on the relations between China and Africa as well as some critical reflections on various geopolitical and geo-economic aspects concerning the intense development of the diversified economic relations between China and the different African States. China’s foreign economic policy in Africa has laid solid foundations through the implementation of the various Sino-African Cooperation Forums that have taken place since 2000 and that have seen an increasing involvement of the Chinese government in the process. This paper intends to make a brief reflection on China’s visible economic and geopolitical interest in the African Continent as a whole. The analysis that follows traces the main stages in the history of relations between China and Africa, emphasizing the increased importance of the Sino-African forums that led to what is now known as Chinese neo-colonization. In addition, the case studies of the Silk Road and the Rare Lands are highlighted. Finally, some of the social impacts of the Chinese presence in Africa are also examined such as the construction of new cities for the Chinese migrant population and the teaching of the Chinese language (Mandarin) in schools in some African Countries.
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Wang, Gongpei, Qindong Tang, Zhi Chen, Dingli Guo, Lei Zhou, Han Lai, and Guifeng Li. "Otolith Microchemistry and Demographic History Provide New Insight into the Migratory Behavior and Heterogeneous Genetic Divergence of Coilia grayii in the Pearl River." Fishes 7, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7010023.

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Coilia grayii is the anadromous form of anchovy that is distributed in the East and South China Seas. It is a common fish species in the estuarine area of the Pearl River. Nevertheless, freshwater populations appear upstream in the Pearl River, but the migratory pathway has been mostly impeded by dam construction. Behavioral differences and constrained habitat within tributaries are suspected of promoting genetic divergence in these populations. In this study, we investigated the migratory behavior and genetic divergence of six populations of C. grayii fragmented by dams based on the otolith strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) ratio, mitochondrial DNA, and microsatellite genotyping. All populations were in freshwater with low Sr/Ca ratios, except the estuarine population (Humen population) hatched in brackish water. Reduced nucleotide diversity corresponding to distance was observed. Populations from distant hydrological regions exhibited a decline in genetic diversity and a significant difference with the remaining populations after fitting the isolation by distance model. Pairwise fixation indices confirmed these results and moderate and significant differentiation was found between Hengxian site and downstream sites. Furthermore, STRUCTURE analyses revealed that all separated populations exhibited an admixed phylogenetic pattern except for individuals from the Hengxian locality. The upstream sites showed significantly increased resistance to gene flow from the estuarine population because of isolation by the dam. The results of the neutrality test and Bayesian skyline plots demonstrated complex demography—individuals’ experienced historical expansion and partial upper-dam populations had recently undergone a colonization, forming a new genetic structure. Accordingly, this study demonstrates differences in the migration pattern and genetic differentiation of C. grayii as a consequence of demographic history and current processes (habitat fragmentation and colonization).
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Mumtaz, Soofia. "Akbar S. Ahmed. Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society. London and New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988. x + 215pp.£ 25.00 (Hardback)." Pakistan Development Review 28, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v28i3pp.261-265.

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This book is a personalized search by the author for a reconciliation between the "Islamic ideal" and the vast variety of ethnically, economically, politically and socially diverse muslim societies the world over. The research is conducted with reference to "six socia-historical categories", which constitute for the author "a theory of Islamic History". These are: 1. the time of the Prophet and the ideal caliphs (Le., the fIrst four caliphs called Rashidun); 2. the Arab dynasties (meaning the Umayyads and the Abbasids); 3. the three muslim empires (or the Ottomans, the Saffavids and the Mughals); 4. Islam of the periphery (referring to societies in which muslims are in minority, nameiy, the USSR, China, Southeast Asia and South of the Sahara in Africa); 5. Islam under European rule (Le., under the impact of colonization by England, France, Germany, Spain, Portugal and Italy on ''muslim society"); and 6. contemporary Islam. (p. 33).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "China – History – Colonization"

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Teng, Teng. "Le territoire de Kouangtchéou Wan : de sa concession à la France à sa rétrocession à la Chine, 1898-1945." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0092/document.

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Officiellement concédé à la France par la convention franco-chinoise du 16 novembre 1899, le territoire de Kouangtchéou Wan était, aux yeux de Paul Doumer, Gouverneur Général de l’Indochine à cette époque-là, un « engin » important et indispensable en vue de réaliser son ambitieux projet politique et économique vis-à-vis de la Chine méridionale, et pour le futur développement français en Extrême-Orient. L’étude portant sur l’histoire de la France à Kouangtchéou Wan vise à faire ressortir l’évolution d’une cité portuaire chinoise sous l’administration française, au cours de la première moitié du siècle précédent. Il s’agit, d’abord, de découvrir les initiatives stratégiques et géopolitiques motivant la prise dudit territoire, l’organisation administrative et judiciaire adoptée ainsi que les réformes organiques qui ont résulté des changements de la circonstance locale ou voisine et qui ont plus ou moins provoqué l’évolution de cette cité ; puis, d’exposer les espoirs de la France sur ce territoire et ses œuvres réalisées ; enfin, d’étudier les raisons pour lesquelles les espoirs de la France à Kouangtchéou Wan ont été déçus
Officially conceded to France by the Franco-Chinese convention of November 16, 1899, the territory of Guangzhou Wan was, in the eyes of Paul Doumer, General Governor of Indochina at that time, an important and indispensable “machine” for achieving his ambitious political and economic project with regard to the southern China, and for the future French development in the Far East. The study on the history of France in Guangzhou Wan aims to reveal the evolution of a Chinese port city under the French administration, during the first half of the previous century. It’s about, at first, to discover the strategic and geo-political initiative that motivate the takeover of the territory, the administrative and judicial organization adopted, as well as the organic reforms that resulted from the changes of the local or neighboring circumstance, witch had more or less provoked the evolution of this city; then, to expose the hopes of France on this territory and its realized works; finally, to study the raisons why the hopes of France to Guangzhou Wan have been disappointed
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Books on the topic "China – History – Colonization"

1

Kim, Chun-Shik. Deutscher Kulturimperialismus in China: Deutsches Kolonialschulwesen in Kiautschou (China) 1898-1914. Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 2004.

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Prescribing colonization: The role of medical practices and policies in Japan-ruled Taiwan, 1895-1945. Ann Arbor, Mich: Association for Asian Studies, 2009.

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Makmur, Keliat, ed. Spratlys: The dispute in the South China Sea. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997.

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Building new China, colonizing Kokonor: Resettlement in Qinghai in the 1950s. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2015.

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Rational empires: Institutional incentives and imperial expansion. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2012.

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Hayashida, Yoshio. Ranryō Taiwan shi: Oranda chika 38-nen no jitsujō. Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, 2010.

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Jacquelard, Clotilde. De Séville à Manille, les Espagnols en mer de Chine: 1520-1610. Paris: Les Indes savantes, 2015.

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Amid the Clouds and Mist: China's Colonization of Guizhou, 12001700 (Harvard East Asian Monographs). Harvard University Asia Center, 2007.

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9

Chin, Tamara T. Colonization, Sinicization, and the Polyscriptic Northwest. Edited by Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li, and Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.31.

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This chapter gives a chronological sketch of China’s past as a real and imagined part of a culturally larger history. It addresses the significance of the historiographic paradigms of colonization and Sinicization, highlighting the literary genres and frontier contexts that complicate linear narratives of empire and literary practice. The final section on the “Polyscriptic Northwest” introduces the diversity of literatures in foreign scripts and languages that flourished alongside Literary Chinese texts in eastern Central Asia (China’s Northwest). Throughout the first millennium ce, mass migration across the politically polycentric Northwest led to different practices of acculturation. This included the adoption of non-Chinese and Chinese writing for religious and secular purposes. Given the traditional prestige of writing in China as a signifier of civilization (wen), this encounter with foreign (non-Sinographic) scripts, and not simply foreign languages, marks a watershed; hence the heuristic emphasis here on “polyscriptic” rather than multilingual.
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Qing Colonial Enterprise: Ethnography and Cartography in Early Modern China. University Of Chicago Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "China – History – Colonization"

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Yang, Anand A. "China in the Popular Imagination." In Beyond Pan-Asianism, 186–206. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190129118.003.0007.

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The crisis in China at the turn of the twentieth century, beginning with the Boxer Uprising and the ensuing International Expedition, elicited tremendous sympathy and support for China and the Chinese from people in India. As contemporary books and articles highlighted in this chapter show, China exerted a powerful hold over the popular imagination in India because its people saw themselves and their experiences as colonized subjects reflected in the tumultuous events in China. Vernacular newspapers in Bengali, Hindi, and Urdu echoed similar concerns and sympathies; their reports on China also invariably sided with their Asian neighbour and lamented the growing might and influence of Western powers in the region. Many voices also expressed concern that the colonization of China would mean the end of an Asia they envisioned themselves part of, with ties particularly strong and intimate with China because the two countries were bound together by geography, history, civilization, and the shared experience of Western imperialism and colonialism.
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Hsu, Madeline Y. "1. Empires and migration." In Asian American History: A Very Short Introduction, 1–24. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190219765.003.0001.

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The first Asians—Filipino “Luzon Indians” on a Spanish galleon—arrived on the North American continent in the late sixteenth century. Through periods of conquest and capitalism, and then colonization and adaptation, almost one million people from China, Japan, the Philippines, Korea, and India arrived seeking opportunities to better their fortunes and improve their lives. “Empires and migration,” outlines the key historical periods that facilitated this mobilization. It also explains that Asian immigration challenged the United States’ constitutional claims of equality for all, highlighting the question of which racial groups could claim citizenship, triggering America’s first attempts to systematically control its borders and limit the rights of immigrants and visitors.
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Shoemaker, Nancy. "Why Go a Fiji Voyage?" In Pursuing Respect in the Cannibal Isles, 1–13. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740343.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter discusses why, despite the negative assumptions regarding the islands of Fiji during the nineteenth century, Americans still went there. Indeed, several thousand of them voyaged to Fiji on merchant, whaling, and naval vessels in the decades before British colonization of the islands in 1874. And more than a hundred Americans lived and died there. From a macro perspective, explaining the American presence in Fiji seems simple. Their rationale was economic: Americans went to Fiji to extract resources to sell in China. Fiji became one leg in the U.S.–China trade and a source of great wealth for the American merchants who gambled their fortunes on it. However, a closer inspection reveals that the foot soldiers of early U.S. global expansion, the individual Americans who ventured overseas, did so for more complicated reasons. An assortment of personal ambitions impelled Americans to travel to distant locales. Their motivations, albeit multiple and divergent, often derived from a desire to be respected by others and thereby attain a sense of self-worth. Their strivings to rise in others' estimation influenced the course of Fiji's history and, albeit more subtly, the history of the United States.
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