Academic literature on the topic 'China-France Comparison'
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Journal articles on the topic "China-France Comparison"
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Yuanbin, Wang, and Liu Shulin. "Comparison on Training Mode of Graduate Education between France and China." Frontiers in Education Technology 2, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): p120. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/fet.v2n2p120.
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France and China both are of typical power centralization with similar political management systems, and there are same and different aspects existing in higher education. so comparison between the two countries is meaningful. Curriculum provision, innovation ability cultivating and training mode are compared between France and China. Development trend of graduate education is also presented. Some enlightenment may be obtained to improve Chinese higher education level further.
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Zhao, C., W. T. Ni, and E. Samain. "Time transfer by laser link between China and France." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S248 (October 2007): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308019406.
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AbstractTo advance from milli-arcsecond to micro-arcsecond astrometry, time keeping capability and its comparison among different stations need to be improved and enhanced. The T2L2 (Time transfer by laser link) experiment under development at OCA and CNES to be launched in 2008 on Jason-2, allows the synchronization of remote clocks on Earth. It is based on the propagation of light pulses in space which is better controlled than propagation of radio waves. In this paper, characteristics are presented for both a common view and non-common view T2L2 comparisons of clocks between China and France.
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Abdelhakim Cherif, Abdelhakim Cherif. "Sportsmen Photos in Newspapers: Comparison between China, France and Tunisia." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 11, no. 5 (2013): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1158185.
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Fung, K. C., and Nathalie Aminian. "Silicon Valley, France and China: a comparative study of innovation systems and policies." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 10, no. 3 (October 2, 2017): 194–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-05-2016-0015.
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Purpose In this paper, the authors aim to examine some characteristics of the innovation system and policy in France and China. For comparison, they also highlight some high technology features of Silicon Valley and California. Design/methodology/approach The authors study the characteristics of innovation in France and in China. The authors examine the technology systems and policies in both countries and compare their features with those in Silicon Valley. Findings As far as France is concerned, it can be stated that the innovation system and policy are under transformation, going from a strong state involvement to a more decentralized framework. This evolution leads to a multi-level governance of the innovation system and to the emergence of new actors. For China, the most interesting development in China is the evolution of its internet-related sector. The authors argue here that the internet-driven economy is a radical, systemic technological change and it is rapidly growing in China. Originality/value One of the earliest papers comparing the innovation policies and activities in France, China and Silicon Valley.
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Yang, Xiaoliu, Jian Xu, Jean-François Donzier, and Coralie Noel. "A comparison of the water management systems in France and China." Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 7, no. 5 (July 27, 2013): 721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0550-z.
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Yan, Xiaoqing, and Yufang Jia. "Comparison and Analysis on Energy Governance Models of Global Major Powers." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 5, no. 1 (May 4, 2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.5.1.249.2023.
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Currently, the world is facing major changes that have not occurred in a century, and global energy governance has undergone significant new changes. The energy development trends of global major powers were clarified in the Paper by studying and judging the changes in the global energy consumption structure. The performance evaluation index system for major powers on their participation in global energy governance was constructed, so that the comprehensive comparison and analysis was conducted for the participation of eight countries, including China, the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Russia, and India, in global energy governance from four dimensions of economic, technological, social, and political. Generally, the United States has the highest overall performance score in participating in global energy governance, followed by China, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan, with Russia and India in the third and fourth echelons respectively. The cooperation with major economies on green governance can be strengthened by China under the framework of the United Nations, the G20 and “the Belt and Road Initiative”, and a global climate governance pattern of joint consultation, construction and sharing will form, so as to maximize the effect of global climate governance.
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Watermann, Stephanie, Caroline Schmitt, Tobias Schneider, and Thomas Hackl. "Comparison of Regular, Pure Shift, and Fast 2D NMR Experiments for Determination of the Geographical Origin of Walnuts." Metabolites 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11010039.
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1H NMR spectroscopy, in combination with chemometric methods, was used to analyze the methanol/acetonitrile (1:1) extract of walnut (Juglans Regia L.) regarding the geographical origin of 128 authentic samples from different countries (France, Germany, China) and harvest years (2016–2019). Due to the large number of different metabolites within the acetonitrile/methanol extract, the one-dimensional (1D) 1H NOESY (nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) spectra suffer from strongly overlapping signals. The identification of specific metabolites and statistical analysis are complicated. The use of pure shift 1H NMR spectra such as PSYCHE (pure shift yielded by chirp excitation) or two-dimensional ASAP-HSQC (acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization-heteronuclear single quantum correlation) spectra for multivariate analysis to determine the geographical origin of foods may be a promising method. Different types of NMR spectra (1D 1H NOESY, PSYCHE, and ASAP-HSQC) were acquired for each of the 128 walnut samples and the results of the statistical analysis were compared. A support vector machine classifier was applied for differentiation of samples from Germany/China, France/Germany, and France/China. The models obtained by conduction of a repeated nested cross-validation showed accuracies from 58.9% (±1.3%) to 95.9% (±0.8%). The potential of the 1H-13C HSQC as a 2D NMR experiment for metabolomics studies was shown.
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Watermann, Stephanie, Caroline Schmitt, Tobias Schneider, and Thomas Hackl. "Comparison of Regular, Pure Shift, and Fast 2D NMR Experiments for Determination of the Geographical Origin of Walnuts." Metabolites 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11010039.
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1H NMR spectroscopy, in combination with chemometric methods, was used to analyze the methanol/acetonitrile (1:1) extract of walnut (Juglans Regia L.) regarding the geographical origin of 128 authentic samples from different countries (France, Germany, China) and harvest years (2016–2019). Due to the large number of different metabolites within the acetonitrile/methanol extract, the one-dimensional (1D) 1H NOESY (nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) spectra suffer from strongly overlapping signals. The identification of specific metabolites and statistical analysis are complicated. The use of pure shift 1H NMR spectra such as PSYCHE (pure shift yielded by chirp excitation) or two-dimensional ASAP-HSQC (acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization-heteronuclear single quantum correlation) spectra for multivariate analysis to determine the geographical origin of foods may be a promising method. Different types of NMR spectra (1D 1H NOESY, PSYCHE, and ASAP-HSQC) were acquired for each of the 128 walnut samples and the results of the statistical analysis were compared. A support vector machine classifier was applied for differentiation of samples from Germany/China, France/Germany, and France/China. The models obtained by conduction of a repeated nested cross-validation showed accuracies from 58.9% (±1.3%) to 95.9% (±0.8%). The potential of the 1H-13C HSQC as a 2D NMR experiment for metabolomics studies was shown.
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Tchounwou, Martha, Ebele C. Okoye, and Faith Iseguede. "Comparison of the Efficacy of Metacognition on Students’ Academic Performance Between Usa, France, Australia, and China." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 252–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.107.14833.
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Prior research has emphasized the importance of metacognition as a contributing factor to increasing student retention at colleges and universities. Enhancing students' awareness of their cognitive skills is just as crucial. As students transition from a frequently controlled and encouraging high school setting to an uncontrolled university or college environment where they are expected to become extremely self-directed and autonomous, it is crucial that they quickly develop the skills and insights needed to become independent learners. However, many college students are ill-equipped to deal with the difficulties and challenges their academic environment presents, affecting their metacognitive skills. Metacognition is the capacity to track and manage thoughts and learning. This research reviewed and compared metacognition studies conducted on students in Australia, China, France, and the USA. These studies used self-regulated learning, self-efficacy, and meta-learning factors to evaluate metacognition performance among undergraduate students, including 362 participants in the USA, 128 in Australia, 118 in France, and 517 in China. Results revealed a positive impact of metacognition skills on all students, increasing their academic performance. However, compared to the participants in China, the results revealed that the overall effect size of self-regulated learning on academic achievement in the USA, France, and Australia was small because the Chinese students learned those metacognition habits at a very young age. The results also indicated that their beliefs contributed significantly to learning outcomes.
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Chauvin, Bruno, Dimitra Macri, and Etienne Mullet. "Societal Risk Perception: A 19-Countries Comparison." Psihologia Resurselor Umane 5, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24837/pru.v5i2.325.
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The study was aimed at structuring the crosscountry differences in risk perception that have been reported in the literature, using cluster analysis. A 30-hazard x 19-country matrix was composed using as inputs the mean risk estimation levels available in the literature, and cluster analysis was conducted on this matrix. Six clusters of countries were found: A Communist bloc cluster (USSR and Hungary), a Nordic cluster (Finland, Norway, Sweden), an Arab cluster (Egypt and Kuwait), a Developing countries cluster (Brazil and South Korea), a Western cluster (France, Portugal, Spain, USA), and a cluster comprised of four countries or territories (Burkina Faso, China-Hong-Kong, China-Macao, Russia) which only common denominator seems to be that these countries are countries in which many economical and/or societal problems exist. The factors that may explain this clustering are discussed, and a new, more analytic approach to cross-national differences in risk perception is suggested.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "China-France Comparison"
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Qin, Liwei. "L'interprétation du contrat : étude comparative en droits français et chinois." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020040/document.
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En matière d’interprétation juridique, le rôle du juge se déroule entre le fait et le droit. Le juge est chargé non seulement d’analyser et de déterminer les éléments factuels, mais il a aussi, pour objectif, d’exercer la qualification du fait et d’appliquer les règles de droit. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’interprétation juridique est en générale divisée en deux aspects : l’interprétation du fait et celle du droit (ou de la loi). L’interprétation du contrat participe, en principe, au premier aspect. Précisément, la loi, en tant que règle générale et abstraite, est l’expression de la volonté générale, alors que le contrat n’est que la traduction de plusieurs volontés particulières. Le projet de cette thèse cherche à analyser les problématiques provoquées par la théorie et la pratique de l’interprétation du contrat : dans quelle condition le juge peut-il exercer son pouvoir d’interprétation du contrat ? Interpréter un contrat, c’est interpréter la commune intention des parties ou plutôt interpréter un rapport contractuel intégré dans la vie sociale et économique ? L’interprétation du contrat peut-elle combler les lacunes du contrat ? Les règles d’ordre public peuvent-elles devenir le fondement de l’interprétation du contrat ? La correction du contenu du contrat a-t-elle besoin de participation de l’interprétation du contrat ? La recherche des problématiques exposées ci-dessus détermine, en effet, l’intérêt du projet de cette thèse. Théoriquement, le travail de thèse défie la définition traditionnelle de l’interprétation du contrat, en glosant de nouveau sur le sens et l’esprit des règles classiques d’interprétation, et en analysant le rôle des règles d’ordre public dans l’interprétation du contrat. Pratiquement, le travail de thèse se fonde sur une recherche approfondie des fonctions de l’interprétation du contrat dans les activités judiciairesIn terms of the legal interpretation, the role of the judge takes place between the facts and the law. The judge is not only charged with analyzing and determining the factual elements, but he also aims to exercise the qualification of the fact and apply the rules of law. This is why legal interpretation is generally divided into two aspects, i.e. the interpretation of the fact and that of the law. The interpretation of the contract, in principle, belongs to the first aspect. More precisely, the law, as general and abstract rule, is the expression of the general will, while the contract is only a translation of several individual wills. This dissertation analyzes the issues aroused by the theory and practice of the interpretation of the contract: In what condition can the judge exercise his capacity of interpretation of the contract? Should the interpretation of the contract aim exclusively at the common intention of the parties or aim not only at the will of the contracting parties but also the internal and external objective elements of the contract? Can the interpretation of the contract fill in the lacunas of the contract? Can the rules of public order become the foundation of the interpretation of the contract? Does the correction of the content of the contract need the participation of the interpretation of the contract? The research of the above mentioned issues determines, in fact, the interest of the plan of this dissertation. Theoretically, the work of this dissertation challenges the traditional definition of the interpretation of the contract, by annotating again the sense and the spirit of the classic rules of interpretation, and analyzing the role of the rules of public order in the interpretation of the contract. In practice, the work of this dissertation is founded on a profound research of the functions of the interpretation of the contract in the judiciary activities
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Mo, Zhexun. "A Few Essays on the Political Economy of Inequalities in Africa and China." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0057.
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Cette thèse de doctorat s’inscrit dans mes intérêts de recherche générale à l’intersection de l’économie du développement, de l’économie politique et de l’histoire économique. Plus précisément, mon programme de recherche se concentre autour de deux axes principaux. D’une part, en numérisant des ensembles de données historiques à grande échelle, j’explore les vicissitudes à long terme des inégalités sous des formes multidimensionnelles en Afrique et en Asie de l’Est, en particulier leurs déterminants historiques (via l’avènement et la fin du colonialisme, la montée et la chute de différents régimes politiques, etc.) et leurs interactions à long terme avec le développement contemporain et les résultats de la croissance. D’autre part, j’adopte une perspective plus micro en concevant des expériences d’enquête transnationales pour comprendre comment les gens perçoivent subjectivement les inégalités et forment leurs préférences en matière de redistribution, en particulier dans les pays en développement où la forte présence d’institutions traditionnelles et des trajectoires de croissance uniques peuvent avoir façonné la vision des citoyens sur l’inégalité et le développement de manière différente, les idées tirées pouvant également éclairer les politiques pour un développement plus durable à long terme. Dans cette thèse de doctorat, je tente de répondre à ces questions en me concentrant sur les dimensions de recherche susmentionnées en quatre chapitres traversant les territoires de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et de l’Asie de l’Est. Dans le premier chapitre, j’examine les déterminants historiques de la conception des institutions coloniales françaises en Afrique de l’Ouest, En particulier, je me concentre sur l’un des épisodes de travail forcé les plus draconiens intégrés dans le système de conscription de l’époque, spécifiquement au Mali colonial où les réservistes militaires étaient exploités pour les travaux publics et la construction de chemins de fer. J’estime les répercussions à long terme du travail forcé colonial en collectant manuellement un énorme ensemble de données historiques sur les soldats coloniaux au Mali avec mes collègues qui recherchent sur le développement au Mali contemporain. Dans mes deuxième et troisième chapitres, je m’éloigne du colonialisme en Afrique de l’Ouest et me plonge dans l’étude des perceptions des inégalités et de la formation des préférences redistributives dans la Chine contemporaine. À travers deux expériences d’enquête consécutives avec mes co-auteurs,nous constatons que les attitudes des citoyens chinois envers les inégalités et les préférences pour la redistribution diffèrent significativement des idéaux occidentaux, et nous tentons de rationaliser cet ensemble unique de préférences avec l’expérience économique transitoire de la Chine et la faible agence politique de la population. Dans mon dernier chapitre, je retourne dans l’histoire de la Chine au 20e siècle et, avec mes coauteurs, nous estimons l’évolution à long terme de l’accumulation de la richesse nationale chinoise depuis la fondation de la République de Chine (1911) jusqu’en 2020. Nous trouvons des modèlestrès frappants en ce qui concerne la dynamique de l’accumulation de la richesse d’un pays ayant subi des trajectoires politiques et de développement drastiques au cours du siècle dernier, ce qui ouvre la voie à plus de dialogues pour comprendre la relation complexe entre inégalité et croissance en Chine et dans le monde en développement en général à l’avenirThis Ph.D. dissertation speaks to my general research interests at the intersections of development economics, political economy and economic history. Specifically, my research agenda centers around two main axes. On the one hand, by digitizing large-scale historical datasets, I explore the long-term vicissitudes of inequalities in multi-dimensional forms in both Africa and East Asia, in particular their historical determinants (via the advent and end of colonialism, the rise and fall of different political regimes, etc) and their long-run interactions with contemporary development and growth outcomes. On the other hand, I zoom in from a more micro perspective, by designing cross-country survey experiments, in order to understand how people subjectively perceive inequalities and form preferences for redistribution, especially in developing countries where the strong presence of traditional institutions and unique growth trajectories could have shaped citizens to view inequality and development in alternative manners and the insights from which could also inform policy-making for more sustainable development in the longer run. In this Ph.D. thesis, I attempt to answer these questions centering around the aforementioned research dimensions in four chapters, traversing the territories of West Africa and East Asia. In the first chapter, I examine the historical determinants over the design of French colonial institutions in West Africa. In particular, I zoom in on one of the most draconian forced labor episodes embedded in the conscription system at the time, specifically in colonial Mali where military reservists were exploited for public works and railway construction, and estimate the long-term developmental repercussions of colonial forced labor by hand-collecting an enormous historical dataset on colonial soldiers in Mali together with my colleagues researching on development in contemporary Mali. In my second and third chapters, I depart away from colonialism in West Africa, and dive into investigating inequality perceptions and the formation of redistributive preferences in contemporary China. Via two consecutive survey experiments with my co-authors, we find that Chinese citizens’ attitudes towards inequalities and preferences for redistribution differ significantly from the western ideals,and we attempt to rationalize this unique set of preferences with China’s transitional economic experience and low political agency of the population. In my final chapter, I go back into the history of China in the 20th century, and together with my co-authors, we estimate the long-run evolution of Chinese national wealth accumulation from the founding of the Republic of China (1911) till 2020. We find very striking patterns with regards to the dynamics of wealth accumulation of a country having undergone drastic political and development trajectories over the past century, which paves the way for more dialogues on understanding the intricate relationship between inequality and growth in China and the developing world at large in the future
Book chapters on the topic "China-France Comparison"
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Wegmann, Gregory. "The Diffusion of the Activity-Based Costing Method: A Comparison between France and China." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 545–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23023-3_82.
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Irving, D. R. M. "The Emergence of the “European Music” Concept." In The Making of European Music in the Long Eighteenth Century, 133–78. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197632185.003.0005.
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Abstract The connection of the adjective “European” to the noun “music” is identifiable only from the late seventeenth century in western European historiography. Uses until the 1770s relate to comparison with musics in other parts of the world. Three examples by Jesuits in Latin, French, and German were published in the 1680s and 1690s, referring to China and Paraguay. In early-eighteenth-century France, certain uses of “European music” elided French and Italian styles in comparisons with Turkish music. By the last three decades of the eighteenth century, “European music” was more common, still usually with reference to other parts of the world. Most uses until the 1820s emanate from travel writing. Music histories published from the 1770s use it rarely. What appears to be the earliest example of published sheet music to apply the adjective “European” was printed in the United States in 1807.
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Chang, Ku-ming (Kevin). "Field, Ears, and Laboratory: Training Language Scholars, 1920–1940." In History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1, 174–205. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844774.003.0010.
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This chapter continues the time frame of Chapter 8 through the first half of the twentieth century, an important period in which linguistics and phonetics gained their own identities. The editors and contributors of this volume have chosen to examine an area of study over two successive periods: the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. This aims to show that a discipline may go through transformations, sometimes branching into new disciplines, and that methods and instruments of training contribute to the formation or consolidation of new disciplines. The first half of the twentieth century saw the breakaway of language sciences (linguistics and phonetics) from philology. Although language scholars usually received substantial training in philology, especially comparative philology (known as comparative grammar in France), they took up new methods in training the next generation. In the United States, the new instrument of training was fieldwork, adopted for unwritten American Indian languages. In Britain, it was phonetic transcription by ears and hands. The use of the kymograph in phonetic laboratories began in France and spread elsewhere. This chapter begins with Fang-Kuei Li, who was likely the first student to receive advance (or on-site) fieldwork training for doctoral work in language studies and who went on to become a pioneering linguist in China. It then compares the training of language scholars in Britain, France, and Germany. This comparison sheds light on the diversity of approaches to language studies and their training methods, and on the intellectual and technological realities conditioning the formation of linguistics and phonetics as autonomous disciplines.
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Corazza, Laura. "ICT and Interculture Opportunities Offered by the Web." In Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technology, 357–64. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-845-1.ch047.
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In Italy, as in other European countries such as Germany and France, the words “multicultural” and “intercultural” have distinct meanings1. In some ways the passage the one from the other indicates the evolution of a concept that, when examined in detail, forces us to re-examine educational political, and cultural choices in a society. “In Italy, especially in the field of pedagogy, the term multicultural indicates a situation where cultures co-exist side by side but as yet, have not found a means of comparison and relating to each other . . The term intercultural, which originated in France and then spread to other European countries, on another hand, describes a situation of interaction between different cultures, often describing a prospect, a possible point of arrival or an objective to strive for; a situation in which the people of different cultures begin to open up to reciprocal relationships, thereby bringing about the possibility of integration, characterised by a political and cultural pluralism which aims at reciprocal respect and appreciation between the respective cultures”2. With Multiculturalism, people accept to live with those from other cultures with tolerance but without promoting forms of exchange and democratic co-existence. The form of social organization that derives from this is that of the “melting pot” which encourages the development of ghettos or “Little Italy” and “China towns”. However the Intercultural approach is reciprocal. It is for those who accept and listen, those who are tolerant, those who are not afraid of “contamination” but constantly seek to mediate between different points of view and backgrounds.
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Kindleberger, Charles P. "Successive Primacies." In World Economic Primacy, 37–53. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195099027.003.0003.
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Abstract Postulate that there is a national life cycle-though it ends in quiescence, not death-with youth, vigorous adulthood, maturity, and eventually aging, somewhat like the process in individuals but with much variance, chaos, path dependency, and unanticipated outcomes of both unplanned events and policy choices. The question raised in this chapter is why one dominant, primary, or leading country is followed by another. I remind the reader that there are some who say this does not happen, and that the various countries of Europe, after 1400 when China stopped growing and before growth spread abroad from Europe to North America and across the Pacific, were more cohesive than disparate in their growth (Elliot, 1961 [1970],p. 172; E. L. Jones, 1981 [1987], p. 236). This is one of those questions the answer to which depends on the choice of the counterfactual: what is being pointed to as the basis of comparison. I choose, however, to follow the model of a Dutch historian who propounded “the law of interrupted progress,” holding that “any country pioneering in a new, more highly developed phase of civilization reaches a threshold or barrier beyond which it is extremely difficult to proceed, with the result that the next step for ward in the progress of mankind has to be made in another part of the world” (Jan Romein, quoted in Swart, 1975, pp. 47-48). This leaves, to be sure, the question why progress resumes at all instead of countries remaining static, as in the Middle East a century ago, the Far East (except Japan) before World War I, and Africa today. Casual observation attests, however, to the successive economic primacy of the Italian city-states, the Spanish Portuguese empire, the Low Countries, Great Britain, and the United States, with failed challenges and impressive growth in France and Germany.
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Huibin, Xing, Azizan Marzuki, and Stella Kostopoulou. "Destination Brand-Building of Cultural Heritage Tourism." In Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism and Hospitality in the BRIC Nations, 175–90. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0708-6.ch011.
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Hebei province is a one of the most typically representative cultural destinations in China with abundant high-quality cultural heritage resources rooting from its more than 4000-year history. However, Hebei has still not evolved into a distinctive cultural brand in the tourism market even though lots of funds have been allocated and invested in tourism. The question thus is how to gradually build a successful cultural tourism brand vital to Hebei province. This paper first extracts the successful components from previous studies, and using France as the most celebrated cultural destination with the largest international tourism arrivals, comparisons are then made with Hebei from the perspective of destination branding of cultural tourism. Finally, given the practical conditions of Hebei and actual tourism needs of segment market, the paper proposes a conceptual brand-building model of Hebei cultural tourism.
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Slobodianiuk, Kateryna, and Kateryna Samoilenko. "RESEARCH OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER DURING CONVECTIVE DRYING OF COLLOID CAPILLARY-POROUS MATERIALS." In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-39.
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The article presents a reasonable analysis and relevance of the study of the drying process of vegetable raw materials (colloidal capillary-porous materials). Drying is an energy-intensive industrial process that is defined from a technological point of view: on the one hand by heat and moisture exchange between the body surface and the environment, on the other hand by heating the body and transferring moisture inside it due to the form of moisture. One of the most effective ways to increase the shelf life of food is to dry it to equilibrium humidity. Very important are the technological parameters of the drying regimes, which, when used rationally, are able to preserve the biochemical properties and nutrients of the raw material at a high level in the obtained dry product. The study of dehydration of vegetable raw materials is widely practiced around the world, especially in countries such as Germany, France, USA, Argentina, Hungary, Brazil, Poland, Korea, China, Malaysia. However, the obtained processed products lose their biologically active components and nutrients, and the processing process is energy consuming. Therefore, the problem is relevant and needs an effective solution. In this paper, the kinetics of the drying process, thermogravimetric studies and a mathematical model for colloidal capillary-porous materials of plant origin were analyzed. According to the results of the highlighted research, the process of convective drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials was intensified above 21% due to the use of innovative step regimes. The developed beet-rhubarb composition is a colloidal capillary-porous material that stabilizes and protects at the biochemical level betanin of the beet from the effects of temperature during convective drying, has in comparison with the components of the composition lower heat of dehydration and increased thermal-stability. Prolonged high-temperature exposure causes instant complete destruction of sugars, proteins and other nutrients components. Derivatographic studies have confirmed that the use of the temperature range of 100 ° C in a stepwise mode of 100/60 ° C for the developed soybean-spinach composition is safe for biologically active substances and it is justified by experimental temperature curves. Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer during convective drying of crushed beets and crushed soybeans using the known model by A.V. Lykov satisfactorily describes the process and can be used to model the convection drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials.
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Saygili, Ebru E., and Tuncay Ercan. "An Overview of International Fintech Instruments Using Innovation Diffusion Theory Adoption Strategies." In Innovative Strategies for Implementing FinTech in Banking, 46–66. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3257-7.ch003.
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The aim of this chapter is to evaluate and predict the future of international fintech instruments in the domain of innovation diffusion theory (IDT) adoption strategies. Further, the consequences of the new payments system directive (PSD2) in Europe and blockchain applications are discussed. For instance, money transfer and payments have the highest rate of adoption (ROA) while insurance services have the highest speed of growing ROA due to relative advantages, high compatibility and trialability levels, and low level of complexity and uncertainty. Cross country comparisons include descriptive statistics about fintech deal value and volume, innovation rank, B2C commerce market, ROA and internet penetration. Germany is the only country listed in all of the top 10 ranking lists, followed by the U.S., the U.K., and France. Also, China, India, and Canada have distinguished success in terms of fintech indicators while the growth in Japan is expected to be slow. Accordingly, ROA in five emerging markets is much higher than some of the developed countries which can be explained by the Cancian Theory.
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"F. ESTIMATES OF COTTON AND SILK PRODUCTION, LOWER YANGZI AND CHINA AS AWHOLE, 1750 AND LATER—WITH COMPARISONS TO UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE, AND GERMANY." In The Great Divergence, 327–38. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400823499-015.
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"F: Estimates of Cotton and Silk Production, Lower Yangzi and China as a Whole, 1750 and Later—With Comparisons to United Kingdom, France, and Germany." In The Great Divergence, 327–38. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691217192-022.
Full textConference papers on the topic "China-France Comparison"
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Deng, Ruiyuan, Feifei Wu, Zhenbang Dong, Shangyuan Liu, Jian Du, Hongwei Zhang, Yecong Sun, and Xueyao Zhang. "Development of China’s Nuclear Power Standard System and Brief Comparison With American and French Standards." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93863.
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Abstract China’s nuclear power standards have generally experienced three stages: starting, moderate development and rapid development. Up to now, a PWR nuclear power standard system with clear hierarchy, complete and reasonable structure and meeting the needs of the industry has been basically formed. This paper analyzes the conception, planning principles, main scope and objects, hierarchical structure, project setting and evolution process of China’s nuclear power standard system. Finally, it briefly analyzes the characteristics and current situation of nuclear power standards in the United States and France, and expounds the differences in standardization mechanism and standard technology between the two countries and China.
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Zhong, Zhimin, Jian Min, and Kai Li. "Codes Comparison and Analysis of Weld Cladding Ultrasonic Testing in Nuclear Power Plants." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15086.
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This paper briefly introduces the weld cladding structure, its common defects during the manufacture and operation stage and its application in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. Some ultrasonic testing codes or standards for nuclear power plant pressure vessel or piping, such as ASME BPVC volume V & III & XI, Germany KTA 3201.3 and 3201.4 code, France RCC-M and RSE-M code, and Russia code of light water nuclear power plants were discussed. The difference of those codes and some feed backs have been analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, these works really benefit the compiling of NB/T 20003.2-2010, Non-destructive Testing for Mechanical Components in Nuclear Island of Nuclear Power Plants-Part 2: Ultrasonic Testing, as China building more and more nuclear power plants. It was concluded that we shall pay more attention to the inspection of cladding, not only at manufacture stage but in operation outage stage. One of important work is periodically updating the inspection standard revision. It was believed that improving the cladding defects inspection reliability and effectiveness is very important to the safety of nuclear power plants operation in China and in the world.
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Sergent, Emmanuel, Bruno Thibault, and Alexis Lenoble. "Model Testing the 3D Dynamic Behaviour of the GAP System and Comparison With Numerical Computations." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57537.
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MURPHY Sabah Oil Co. Ltd. is developing the Kikeh Field located offshore Malaysia in the South China Sea in a water depth of 1325m. This field development is based on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) and a wellhead Spar Dry Tree Unit (DTU). Fluids will be transported in fluid transfer lines (FTL) using SBM’s newly developed and patented Gravity Actuated Pipe (GAP) system to support a horizontal neutrally buoyant bundle of flow lines between two moored floaters. Fatigue and extreme analyses of the GAP system have been carried out with a fully dynamic numerical model. In order to verify the validity of the model, three dimensional tests have been performed by OCEANIDE in IFREMER basin in Brest (France). The complete GAP system was modelled at 1:37 scale by OCEANIDE (France). The model included the GAP bundle (carrier pipe with four flow-lines and one umbilical), two towheads located at each extremity of the bundle, a tether chain arrangement supporting the GAP bundle at its two attachments on the FPSO and the DTU. The paper will cover the salient results of the model test campaign. A comparison between tests-results and numerical simulations will also be presented. Furthermore, the occurrence of such dynamical behaviours as Heave Induced Lateral Motion (HILM) will be investigated.
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Tai, Shi, Zhang Dong-hui, and Hu Wen-jun. "Sodium Cooled Fast Bread Reactor HCDA Codes Development." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66067.
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Liquid metal fast reactor is one of the Gen IV nuclear power, it is necessary to analyze hypothetical core disruptive accident (HCDA) of FBR to ensure that the system can prevent the radioactive material from leaking out. The modified Bethe-Tait model is the primary method to analyze hypothetical core disruptive accident in the world. In order to better analyze the nuclear reactor hypothetical core disruptive accident in China, an improved B-T model is used. At present, on the basis of the improved B-T model, power distribution of the CEFR add to the progress. The results of comparison between the program and SUREX program in France show that the program model can simulate the nuclear reactor hypothetical core disruptive accident in China.
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Sakai, Akira, Hajime Koikegami, Siegfried Weisenburger, Guenther Roth, Norio Kanehira, and Satoshi Komamine. "Comparison of Advanced Melting Process for HLW Vitrification, Joule-Heated Ceramic-Lined Melter (JHCM) and Cold-Crucible Induction Melter (CCIM)." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67807.
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High level waste (HLW) originating from reprocessing of spent fuel commercial power reactors contains more than 40 different elements. Vitrification into borosilicate glass at 1100 ∼1200°C is the process of choice. It is routinely used to immobilize the radioactive waste constituents in a chemically stable matrix for a final geological disposal. Melting process for commercial HLW glasses are variants of two basic designs. (1) The joule-heated ceramic-lined melter (JHCM) originally developed in the United States in 1973 and used in several nuclear sites in the world. (2) The hot-walled induction melter (HWIM), developed in France starting in 1962 and used in France and UK. These technologies, while effective, do pose limitations in waste form compositions and throughput rates. Particularly HLW originating from commercial spent fuel reprocessing usually contains noble metals elements such as ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), and palladium (Pd) which require special attention when this waste is vitrified. Recent advances to both of these baseline technologies are beginning to be used with large gains to ensure waste form flexibility, throughputs, and noble metals compatibility. The next generation JHCMs use a steeply sloped bottom and a subsidiary-heating bottom drain to allow these noble metals particles to be effectively flushed from the melter with higher waste loadings. Similar melters are being installed near Guangyuan/Sichuan province, China by German consortium team and being developed for the second K-Facility melter at Rokkasho by Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited (JNFL). As another example the advanced JHCMs will be installed in the Hanford WTP project having large glass pool surface area with rapid bubbling. Significant improvements on induction melters have also been implemented. AREVA recently installed a cold-crucible induction melter (CCIM) in combination with a rotary calciner at La Hague in France. This melter uses radio frequency induction to power the glass melt itself and water cooling of the outer surface maintains a frozen glass shell (skull) as the glass contact material. Because no permanent refractories or embedded electrodes are used, this design allows for high-temperature operation and can tolerate more corrosive melts, and uses a water-cooled, motor-driven mechanical stirrer to comply with noble metals behavior. This paper highlights some of these advances and suggests potential advantages and disadvantages of these next generation melter technologies comparing advanced JHCM with updated CCIM. In conclusion, these melters have made the technologies of choice for new HLW vitrification projects around the world.
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Zheng, Bin, Han Liu, Samuel Jules, Hai Xie, and Kaikai Shi. "An Application of the Brittle Fracture Criterion Gp Method to a RPV Type Geometry – Towards the Industrialization of the Method." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61636.
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Abstract With the life extension of Nuclear Power Plants worldwide, new challenges have emerged in engineering calculations. These challenges often stem from the difficulty to demonstrate an adequate margin for some key components, which have gradually been ageing during the operation of the plant. In particular, the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is impacted by the irradiation, and the risk of brittle fracture under severe cold shocks must be assessed. In parallel to conventional approaches, a significant amount work has been performed over the past 20 years in France to adapt the historic Griffith energy release-rate approach to engineering space. The work was initiated by Francfort and Marigo[1]who set up a new elastic fracture theory, extended from the Griffith approach. Lorentz and Wadier[2][3] have since then improved the model which is based on several ingredients including the application of an energy minimization principle, the definition of a specific damage model and the use of a notch to represent the crack. Among other advantages, the Cleavage brittle fracture energy approach parameter (Gp) method has been developed as a true engineering approach and hence is relatively easy to implement in a FEA software: it has already been implemented into code_aster developed by EDF R&D [4]. Recently, CEA also implemented the method in Cast3M [5]. Beyond the application in France, and in the wake of a simple comparison benchmark launched in 2018 with CNNC/NPIC from China on a CT specimen [6], a calculation on a RPV type geometry was initiated. This is the second step of a larger effort aiming at working together on establishing a strong industrial basis to demonstrate applicability in engineering and structural integrity space. The paper provides the progress achieved in the benchmark work and the results obtained in the frame of the work jointly led with company B in the field.
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Métais, Thomas, Stéphan Courtin, Manuela Triay, François Billon, Pascal Duranton, Rudy Briot, Florent Bridier, Cédric Gourdin, and Jean-Pascal Luciani. "An Assessment of the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in the Fatigue Rules of the RCC-M Code Through the Benchmark With the EN-13445-3 Standard." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65397.
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The RCC-M code [1] is a well recognized international code and provides rules for the design and the construction of mechanical equipment for pressurized water reactors. It is used today for the nuclear industry exclusively, in countries such as France, South Africa and China and it is the basis for the design of the UK EPR to be built in Hinkley Point. The RCC-M code’s fatigue rules emanate from the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and are hence very similar, albeit they have evolved in their own way over time to include some R&D results and other evolutions. These rules are published by AFCEN which involves a wide range of international organizations from the nuclear industry such as Apave, Areva, Bureau Veritas, CEA, DCNS, EDF, EDF Energy, ONET-MHI, Rolls-Royce and Westinghouse. The EN-13445-3 [2] is a European standard which is mostly in use today in the conventional industry. Its fatigue rules are a compilation of rules from various national European codes, such as the German AD-Merkblatt, the British Standards, the Eurocodes for civil works and the French CODAP. The rules for fatigue are compiled in Chapters 17 and 18 of EN-13445-3 and have been the result of the work of contributors from major European organizations from the nuclear, oil and gas, chemical and mechanical industries: these include, among others, Areva, the Linde Group, CETIM, TÜV, and the TWI (The Welding Institute). Since the beginning of 2015, AFCEN has created a technical Working Group (WG) on the topic of fatigue with the objective of identifying the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in Fatigue analyses (SFUF) and of potentially proposing improvements in the existing fatigue rules of the code. Nevertheless, the explicit quantification of safety factors and uncertainties in fatigue is an extremely difficult task to perform for fatigue analyses without a comparison to the operating experience or in relation to another code or standard. Historically, the approach of the code in fatigue has indeed been to add conservatism at each step of the analyses which has resulted in a difficult quantification of the overall safety margin in the analyses. To fulfill its mission, the working group has deemed necessary to lead a benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard given its wide use through other industries. Two cases were identified: either the comparison with EN-13445-3 is possible and in this case, the identification of safety factors and uncertainties is performed in relation to this standard; either the comparison is not possible, in which case the overall conservatism of the RCC-M code is evaluated in relation with operating experience, test results, literature, etc... This paper aims at describing the overall work of the group and focuses more specifically on the results obtained through the benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard.