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Journal articles on the topic 'China Economic policy'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 March 2023

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1

Carrington, Greg, Balasundram Maniam, and Geetha Subramaniam. "Is China Playing Fair with Its Economic and Trade Policy?" International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 6, no. 1 (February 2015): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2015.v6.446.

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2

Narayanan, Raviprasad. "Foreign Economic Policy-Making in China." Strategic Analysis 29, no. 3 (July 2005): 448–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2005.12049818.

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3

Huang, Yun, and Paul Luk. "Measuring economic policy uncertainty in China." China Economic Review 59 (February 2020): 101367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101367.

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4

조정원. "Turkmenistan: Economic Development Policy and Economic Cooperation with China." Journal of Foreign Studies ll, no. 44 (June 2018): 515–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15755/jfs.2018..44.515.

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5

RenKeyao, Riaz Ahmad, and Azeem Gul. "China-Laos Economic Corridor: Challenges for Regional and Policy Countermeasures." Global Economics Review III, no. II (December 30, 2018): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2018(iii-ii).07.

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This corridor is an important link between Chinas "the Belt and Road Initiative" and the strategy of Laos to turn "land-locked country" into "land-linked country". Continued to strengthen the construction of software and hardware facilities along the China-Laos economic corridor and promote the connectivity of the areas along the corridor, this research explores the channels of cooperation between China, Laos and third parties, starting with scientific and technological cooperation, carry out scientific diplomacy, and dissolve a series of remarks smearing Chinas "The Belt and Road Initiative" such as "Environmental Destruction Theory" and "Debt Trap Theory". Finally, through the establishment of a monitoring and evaluation system in order to construct this economic corridor, the overall situation of the facilities of the economic corridor construction project can be controlled. The research also finds whether Laos has benefited from the construction of the China-Laos economic corridor and to what extent.

6

Rui, Li, Lina Sineviciene, Leonid Melnyk, Oleksandr Kubatko, Oleksandra Karintseva, and Oleksii Lyulyov. "Economic and environmental convergence of transformation economy: the case of China." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (August 22, 2019): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.19.

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Rapid economic reforms and proper GDP growth in China has affected the regional development of Chinese provinces. This study aims to estimate the degree of economic and environmental disparities within Chinese provinces for developing policy recommendations of regional transformation. The reduced log-linear specification of endogenous growth model is used for the estimation of convergence rates within Chinese provinces. The empirical results prove that an increase of 1% in GDP per capita basic year reduces the economic growth rate by 0.1% in the reference year. Thus, the ratio of the average per capita income in the wealthiest group to poorest provinces accounted for the factor 9.6 in 1995 and factor 4.1 in the year 2015, which means a reduction of disproportionate development. Environmental convergence trends were also found and less polluted provinces eventually increase emissions at higher rates than the initially polluted ones. With the pass of time, all provinces do move to the same steady state in environmental parameters. The speed of the economic and environmental convergence in China provinces is rather slow, and the economic growth was achieved by great sacrifices of an environment, since all provinces are striving to the same steady state in terms of pollution increase. The industrialized regions due to the presence of significant financial resources should pay more attention to the protection of the environment using all the available economic potential. At the same time, both initially poor provinces and rich have to develop more profoundly agriculture, tourism, recreation, and other environmentally friendly industries to improve economic performance.

7

Ho, Szu‐Yin, and Tse‐Kang Leng *. "Accounting for Taiwan's economic policy toward China." Journal of Contemporary China 13, no. 41 (November 2004): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1067056042000281468.

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8

Knight, John, Yang Yao, and Linda Yueh. "Economic Growth in China: Productivity and Policy." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 73, no. 6 (November 21, 2011): 719–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00679.x.

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9

Adelman, Irma, and David Sunding. "Economic policy and income distribution in China." Journal of Comparative Economics 11, no. 3 (September 1987): 444–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(87)90066-7.

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10

Shang, Cheng, Jie Chen, Yiheng Song, Jiashun Chen, and Juhua Zhang. "Sharing Economic Policy Orientation and Policy Implementation Resistance in China." Science Innovation 8, no. 1 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20200801.18.

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11

Wang, Sen, Yanni Zeng, Jiaying Yao, and Hao Zhang. "Economic policy uncertainty, monetary policy, and housing price in China." Journal of Applied Economics 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2020.1740874.

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12

Yuan, Jiahai. "Sustainable Energy Policy in China: Economic Issues and Policy Challenges." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 52, no. 6 (May 24, 2016): 1279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2016.1152828.

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13

Yingying Fu. "China’s Foreign Policy towards Eurasia Economic Integration." Comillas Journal of International Relations, no. 21 (July 16, 2021): 053–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/cir.i21.y2021.003.

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During the period from 2005 to 2015 under the rule of Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping, China has achieved enormous success not only in the field of economy but also in the political and diplomatic areas. With the Silk Road Economic Belt’s initiative launched by the government of Xi in 2013, China was seeking to find alternatives for different affairs such as the South China Sea, the nuclear issue of North Korea, and Taiwan issues. The emergency of the “Strategic Breakthrough” whose aim is to stabilize the surrounding atmosphere makes it a pressing task for the Chinese diplomacy focused on Eurasia to overhaul the international order.

14

Ali, Tariq, Jikun Huang, and Wei Xie. "Bilateral Economic Impacts of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020143.

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China is making large investments in Pakistan’s transport infrastructure under the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the bilateral impacts of these investments through several policy scenarios in 2025 using a global economic model. Our results show that due to transport infrastructure development, the GDP and welfare of both Pakistan and China will improve, with a maximum of 0.3% and 0.01% increase in GDP, and USD 2.6 billion USD 1.8 billion gains in welfare for Pakistan and China, respectively. Regarding mutual trade, Pakistan’s total and agricultural exports to China will increase in the range of USD 9.6–13.7 billion and USD 4.7–6.6 billion, respectively. The percentage increase in Pakistan’s net exports of agricultural commodities to China will be higher than that of non-agricultural products. Pakistan will tap into China’s import demand for fresh fruits and vegetables and other perishable food products. Due to changing trade relations, Pakistan’s production structure will undergo slight structural adjustments. For Pakistan’s agriculture sector, the rice and fruit sectors will be top gainers, with 2.1–2.6% and 1.2–1.7% output expansion, respectively. Pakistan will also experience some leveling of income due to a relatively higher increase in wages of unskilled labor than skilled labor. The output of China’s rice sector will drop the most (−1–−1.3%). Overall, the effects on China’s economy are minimal. We suggest several critical policy recommendations in light of our results, especially for Pakistan.

15

Belova, Irina N., and Elena A. Egorycheva. "Belt and Road Initiative: prerequisites for China’s modern foreign economic policy." RUDN Journal of Economics 28, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 620–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2020-28-3-620-632.

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The article deals with internal and external factors, which have an impact on Chinas foreign economic policy at the period of the new normal, highlights new priorities and directions for the modern foreign economic policy in China. The article attempts to summarize all the economic, political, environmental, and social challenges that the Chinese leadership currently faces at the domestic, regional, and global levels. Special attention is paid to the One Belt, One Road Initiative, which reflects and summarizes new directions of Chinas foreign economic policy in the context of slowing down the national economy development, excessive production capacity, the growing disparity in the development of Western and Eastern regions of China, the escalation of economic confrontation with the United States and further deepening cooperation with countries in the Asian region.

16

Lei Fan, Daozhai Zhu, and Yuanfeng Wang. "Economic Incentive Policy of Green Building in China." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, no. 10 (May 31, 2013): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue10.99.

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17

Kiminami, Lily, and Akira Kiminami. "Economic growth and food policy in urban China." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 2, no. 1 (February 6, 2009): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17544400910934324.

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18

Wu, Yiyun, and Xiwei Zhu. "Industrial policy and economic geography: evidence from China." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 22, no. 1 (December 6, 2016): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2016.1261485.

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19

Démurger, Sylvie, Jeffrey D. Sachs, Wing Thye Woo, Shuming Bao, Gene Chang, and Andrew Mellinger. "Geography, Economic Policy, and Regional Development in China." Asian Economic Papers 1, no. 1 (January 2002): 146–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/153535102320264512.

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Many studies of regional disparity in China have focused on the preferential policies received by the coastal provinces. We decomposed the location dummies in provincial growth regressions to obtain estimates of the effects of geography and policy on provincial growth rates in 1996–99. Their respective contributions in percentage points were 2.5 and 3.5 for the province-level metropolises, 0.6 and 2.3 for the northeastern provinces, 2.8 and 2.8 for the coastal provinces, 2.0 and 1.6 for the central provinces, 0 and 1.6 for the northwestern provinces, and 0.1 and 1.8 for the southwestern provinces. Because the so-called preferential policies are largely deregulation policies that have allowed coastal Chinese provinces to integrate into the international economy, it is far superior to reduce regional disparity by extending these deregulation policies to the interior provinces than by re-regulating the coastal provinces. Two additional inhibitions to income convergence are the household registration system, which makes the movement of the rural poor to prosperous areas illegal, and the monopoly state bank system that, because of its bureaucratic nature, disburses most of its funds to its large traditional customers, few of whom are located in the western provinces. Improving infrastructure to overcome geographic barriers is fundamental to increasing western growth, but increasing human capital formation (education and medical care) is also crucial because only it can come up with new better ideas to solve centuries-old problems like unbalanced growth.

20

Zha, Yanyu. "Change of regional economic development policy in china." Chinese Geographical Science 2, no. 1 (March 1992): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02664541.

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21

Novoselova, L. "Modern China: Changing Economic Paradigm." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 10 (2022): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-10-24-33.

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The article presents the key directions of China’s socio-economic policy since the XVIII Congress of the CPC (2012), which introduced the fifth generation of Chinese leaders led by Xi Jinping. The emphasis is placed on the consideration of the main components of China’s transition to a new model of economic development. Assessing institutional changes with regard to this task, the author argues that alongside with strengthening market principles in the economy, they provide for enhancing the supervisory and regulatory functions of the government based on a number of newly adopted laws and regulations. The authorities’ efforts to improve people’s wellbeing and expand domestic demand extended to the creation of a comprehensive social security system, state support for the poor, tax relief, ensuring good conditions for small businesses, developing education and medical services. As a result in early 2020s the PRC declared overcoming absolute poverty and building a moderately prosperous society. Favorable framework was provided for the science and technology development, e.g. growing R&D spending, tax benefits, the creation of numerous innovation centers, as well as expanding international cooperation in science and technology. This allowed the PRC to become one of the world leaders in a number of aspects of innovative development. China’s green and carbon transition policy meets the terms of the Paris Agreement on climate and provides for establishing stringent eco-environmental protection systems as well as changing energy mix through closure of carbon-intensive industries, stimulating eco-friendly technologies, creation of a national carbon market, etc. All this gives hope for a gradual improvement of the country’s eco-environment. Currently, China’s economy bears visible traces of its transition to a new development model. Despite all its problems and global challenges, the macro- and microeconomic results of the policy, pursued by the Chinese leadership, cause reasonable optimism about the country’s further development.

22

Goodman, David S. G. "Political Change in China – Power, Policy and Process." British Journal of Political Science 19, no. 3 (July 1989): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000712340000555x.

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China's politics have changed dramatically during the last decade. Schram, in one of the works which have stimulated this review article, has characterized the period since 1978 as one of ‘Economics in Command’ by way of contrast to the exhortation to put ‘Politics in Command’ – the slogan that dominated the last decade of Mao's life and the era of the Cultural Revolution. The drive to economic modernization has replaced ‘class struggle’ as the main goal of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Political reform has been an essential part of that drive, for in its analysis of the failings of the previous three decades the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has argued that economic growth and development could not occur without political stability and institutionalization.

23

Wang, Zhaohui. "The Economic Rise of China." Asian Survey 57, no. 4 (July 2017): 595–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2017.57.4.595.

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This paper examines the symbiotic but asymmetric relationship between the United States as the core and China as the semi-periphery. It argues that China’s policy response in both domestic and international domains after the global financial crisis reveals that China as a rising power is no longer a rule-taker, but between a rule-maker and a rule-breaker that adds incremental reforms to current international institutions.

24

Bo, Čen. "The foreign policy of China." Napredak 1, no. 2 (2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak2001009b.

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This paper presents a brief outline of the foreign policy aims of the People's Republic of China. Brought into focus is the principle of multilateralism, the basic guiding principle of China, which is aware of the effects of globalization. The principle needs to be applied to the response to the COVID-19 epidemic. Stressed in the paper are the principles that China follows in its relations with the USA, the EU and Serbia, and the importance of the Belt and Road initiative and Cooperation 17+1. The paper states that the question of Kosovo and Metohija should be resolved within the framework of Resolution 1244 passed by the UN Security Council. Hongkong is an integral part of China and the questions regarding this matter are to be resolved by China. Hongkong is a territory with a large degree of autonomy and the recent legislation aims to protect the security of China and Hongkong and do not contradict the policy "One Country - Two Systems", but rather confirm it. The paper also presents new data on the economic development of China and progress made in its economic relations with the EU and the countries participating in the Cooperation 17+1 program.

25

Bakulina, Polina V., and Ksenia A. Kuzmina. "China’s Policy of Economic Sanctions: Legislation and Enforcement." Financial Journal 13, no. 4 (2021): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2021-4-24-38.

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This article aims at analyzing the People’s Republic of China’s sanctions policy. The authors put special emphasis on the review of the current Chinese legislation on countering foreign unilateral measures targeting China. The emergence of a legal anti-sanctions framework in China is a development of 2020–2021, driven by the growing number of sanctions against China imposed by the U.S. and its allies against the background of trade war and global strategic competition. At the official level, Beijing remains vocal in condemning unilateral and extraterritorial sanctions by certain countries as violations of international law. Despite that, even before the current large-scale confrontation with the U.S, Chinese policymakers have used restrictive measures against third countries, though they have been traditionally adopted in an informal and opaque manner. Those measures have mostly been used as retaliation for certain acts of other states viewed by China as threats to its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and they have been specifically refined to maximize the impact on the target country while minimizing the damage to the domestic economy. The growing number of anti-China sanctions by the U.S. and its allies based on special legal instruments prompted the PRC to follow suit and create its own framework for introducing countermeasures and blocking mechanisms, although their implementation procedures still largely remain intransparent. China’s first steps were to officially introduce individual restrictions, but the persisting confrontational trends in PRC’s relations with the West might bring about formal or informal broadening of Chinese restrictions to transnational corporations and sectors of economy and promote further formalization of sanctions regimes.

26

Wu, Cui Rong, and Quan Cai Li. "The Study Building Energy Efficiency Economic Policy." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.665.

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In China, with a rapid development of urban and rural construction, the amount of building energy consumptions increases dramatically. Building energy consumptions nearly account for 20% of social total energy consumptions. If this situation is not improved timely, with a continuous increase of people's living standard as well as an extension of population, the contradiction between enormous energy demand and economic development must be strengthened in the future. Compared with other cities in China, work of energy efficiency of Beijing has been implemented more early. At present time, comparatively complete working system has been formed which includes: special administrations, well-developed regulations and rules, wide-spread energy efficiency technologies and sufficient funds. These factors provide good basis and guarantee for the implementing of building energy efficiency work.

27

Kagazbaeva, E. M., and М. К. Axakalova. "Қытайдың монетарлық саясаты: Қазақстан үшін тәжірибе." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 138, no. 1 (2022): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2022-138-1-68-78.

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This article analyzes the monetary policy of the Central Bank of China and the impact of its individual instruments on economic growth. The economic and political problems affecting the monetary policy of Kazakhstan are considered. The purpose of the scientific article is to identify the features of the monetary mechanism for the development of the Chinese economy, to study innovative tools of China’s monetary policy, and to develop practical recommendations for improving the monetary policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. China does not seek to copy global trends in monetary policy, but makes decisions related to current needs, assessing the situation in the country. Currently, the Central Bank of China conducts an independent monetary policy and uses a number of classic and modern tools to implement it. Along with general scientific methods, both comparative and statistical methods were used in this study. To analyze the studied characteristics, statistics of the main monetary policy instruments, analytical reports of the International Monetary Fund and the Central Bank of the People’s Republic of China, as well as scientific articles on the development of China’s monetary policy were used. According to the author, the combination of traditional and innovative instruments in China’s monetary policy, as well as the generally positive experience of developing China, is necessary to improve the mechanisms of monetary policy in Kazakhstan. The experience of reforms in China shows that the state has become successful due to the fact that in its policy the state relies on the best practices of developed countries, taking into account the patterns of historical formation and development. A less developed society cannot function and develop according to the laws of a more developed society. Kazakhstan is invited to study and adopt China’s best practices in conducting monetary policy: developing the real sector of the economy and stimulating economic growth; maintaining the stability of the national currency; maintaining inflation at the level necessary for the sustainable functioning of the economic system.

28

Zhao, Xuan, and Wolfgang Drechsler. "Wang Anshi’s economic reforms: proto-Keynesian economic policy in Song Dynasty China." Cambridge Journal of Economics 42, no. 5 (January 4, 2018): 1239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bex087.

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29

Chen, Jingyu, Faqi Jin, Guangda Ouyang, Jian Ouyang, and Fenghua Wen. "Oil price shocks, economic policy uncertainty and industrial economic growth in China." PLOS ONE 14, no. 5 (May 10, 2019): e0215397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215397.

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30

Kong, Xiao, and Feng Feng. "China's economic success: evidence regarding the role of fiscal policy." Review of Keynesian Economics 7, no. 1 (January 2019): 108–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/roke.2019.01.08.

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The Chinese economy has achieved great success in both stability and sustained growth since the market economy was established. This paper seeks to explain that success by evaluating China's fiscal policy. It starts by testing two hypotheses derived from Keynesian economics. First, it seeks to determine whether China's economic regulations act against the business cycle. Second, it aims to understand whether China stimulates economic growth through a deficit policy and strong government fixed-asset investment. Based on a Hodrick–Prescott filter technique combined with cross-correlation analysis and a Granger causality test, we suggest that fiscal policy in China is generally counter-cyclical and achieves its desired effects. Further analyses using a co-integration model and the impulse response function confirm that government fixed-asset investment enhances China's economic growth. These empirical findings indicate that China's fiscal policy matches the basic policy orientation of Keynesian economics and is closely associated with its economic success. We also identify some new findings that contradict Keynesian claims: China's economic growth responds positively to taxation, which we attribute to taxation's function in promoting appropriate resource allocation. We believe our study provides empirical support vindicating China's fiscal policy.

31

Liu, Hongmei, Guoxiang Li, and Keqiang Wang. "Homestead reduction, economic agglomeration and rural economic development: evidence from Shanghai, China." China Agricultural Economic Review 14, no. 2 (December 13, 2021): 274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-02-2021-0035.

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PurposeThe contradiction of construction land in economically developed regions is becoming more prominent, and the scale of construction land in some large cities is close to the ceiling. Therefore, China implemented the policy of construction land reduction in 2014. The main objective is to optimize the stock of homesteads and then help to realize rural revitalization by transferring land indexes across regions. Shanghai took the lead in implementing the reduction policy in 2014, for which reduction acceptance data are available. Thus, this paper evaluates the impact of homestead reduction on rural economic development based on data from towns in Shanghai.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the difference-in-difference (DID) model to analyze the policy effects of homestead reduction on rural residents' income and industrial integration development. Using economic agglomeration (EA) as a mediating variable, the authors explore how homestead reduction (HR) promotes EA to drive rural economic development and analyze the impact of geographic location and government investment.FindingsHR significantly promotes rural economic development and shows a significant cumulative effect. In the long run, HR can improve rural residents' income and promote industrial integration by promoting EA. The positive effect of HR and EA in suburban regions on industrial integration development is gradually increasing. However, the incentive effect on rural residents' income is weakening. The positive mediating effect of EA is significantly higher in regions with low government investment than in regions with high government investment.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to testing the impact of HR policy on rural economic development and can provide a reference for other regions aiming to implement reduction policy.

32

Junyu, Ma. "CHINA FOREIGN POLICY: A LEGAL ANALYSIS." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 9, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v9i1.20482.

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This study aims to find out China's foreign policy in carrying out its economy which is characterized by its own economy, as a communist country but China does not carry out a complete communist economic system. Since 1978 the Chinese government has reformed a more planned economic system which is more market oriented. Thus the higher-ups increased the power of local leaders and installed managers in industry, allowing small-scale enterprises in services and light production. This study uses qualitative research by collecting data sources in the literature and then analyzing them according to the research objectives. China also uses politics in its economic cooperation with other countries, namely by setting the condition that countries wishing to establish cooperation with China must agree to China's claims to Taiwan and sever official relations with the Taiwanese government. Data analysis shows that China's foreign policy making is still traditional communist style, which has continued its leadership from the beginning such as Mao Zhedong to Xi Jinping. China as a communist country with foreign policy makers centered on one central command. It can be interpreted that China's foreign policy is determined by the leader of the country and the people around him. The conclusion of this study is that in deciding a Chinese foreign policy through the Think Tank group or the Politburo in its government.

33

Keum, Hieyeon, and Joel R. Campbell. "China Joins the Game: Beijing’s Foreign-Economic Policy Strategies in the Globalization Era." International Studies Review 13, no. 2 (October 15, 2012): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01302002.

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Post-Maoist China has experienced a major reorientation of both economic and foreign policy. Foreign policy has been largely determined by the needs of China’s economic reforms, and is intimately linked to the political economy and concomitant efforts to use globalization as a tool to attain high growth, trade, and investment. Economics determines China’s foreign policy, along with its approach to the world. China has made major efforts to join international organizations and economic and political forums, and employs its new resources to remold its military forces. In this article, we examine patterns of Chinese foreign policy, the state’s responses to globalization, and the potential future directions for China’s emerging political economy.

34

Wei, Yehua. "Urban policy, economic policy, and the growth of large cities in China." Habitat International 18, no. 4 (January 1994): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(94)90017-5.

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35

Timakova, Olga A. "China’s Relations with the Mediterranean States: Military and Political Aspects." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 700–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-4-700-711.

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China is one of the most influential non-regional actors in the Mediterranean. As of 2021, it is ranked among the top three trading partners of almost all Mediterranean states. Chinese foreign policy in the Mediterranean reflects the growing importance of geoeconomics and, in particular, economic instruments of foreign policy in Chinas foreign policy strategy. The intersection of the routes of the Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century and the Silk Road Economic Belt in the Mediterranean basin indicates the regions high potential for the development of new logistics routes, economic corridors and supply chains. Despite significant impact of the coronavirus restrictions on the global economy and the deepest economic crisis seen in recent years, China has not reduced its global activity. Actually, it is the pandemic that can become an incentive for the development of new formats of cooperation within the Belt and Road in the Mediterranean. Chinas traditional foreign policy paradigm presupposes emphasis exclusively on economic interaction and non-involvement in political issues. De facto Chinas economic relations with the countries of the region are increasingly complicated by military and political issues. The article categorizes the main political and security issues that arise between China and partner countries in the Mediterranean region. While the discourse of human rights and sustainable development prevails in relations with Europe, the issues of ensuring security and managing regional instability come to the fore when dealing with the states of North Africa and the Middle East. Given Chinas growing economic needs, it is likely that in the medium term there will be a doctrinal formalization of Chinas role in the political process in the Mediterranean region.

36

Gao, Yongqiang. "How business influences government policy in China." Chinese Public Administration Review 2, no. 1/2 (November 1, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v2i1/2.40.

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Although the Chinese corporate sector is deeply involved in the political process, there has been very little research on the topic so far. This article tries to identify the approaches by which Chinese firms influence government policy decision-making, in order to maintain a favorable business environment. Our analysis indicates that, due to the differences in culture and political and economic systems, there are correspondingly great differences in approaches to political participation in Chian and the west. For China, the participation of business in the policy process has led to corruption and other serious problems.

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Nesterova, Kateryna, Ilona Kurovska, and Rymma Hryshova. "Проблеми та інструменти державної організаційно-економічної підтримки розвитку циркулярної економіки." Ekonomika APK 319, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202105057.

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The purpose of the article is to determine the advantages of the circular economy and approaches to the state organizational and economic support of its development through the prism of studying the policy effectiveness of China and the EU countries on the circular economy model implementation. Research methods. The following methods were used in the research process: method of comparative analysis (assessment of state regulatory policy measures in China, Germany, and the Netherlands), abstract-logical method (problem statement, substantiation of conclusions), monographic method (analysis of the scientific works evolution by national and foreign scientists on circular economy problems, sustainable development). Research results. The key preconditions for the development of the circular economy are analyzed, the key ones being political will, social partnership, the availability of secondary resource markets, and an effective system of state regulation and support measures. Particular attention is paid to the role of stakeholders and the benefits they will gain as a result of the implementation of the concept of circular economy, as well as systematized key indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the circular economy strategy. It is substantiated that China and some EU countries have made significant progress in implementing the concept of circular economy, primarily due to organizational and economic instruments of state regulation, the analysis of which will contribute to the effective transformation of Ukraine's economic model in accordance with the principles of circularity. Scientific novelty. The concept of circular economy was further developed in terms of constructing organizational and economic instruments of state support for its development by strengthening interaction and growing interest of stakeholders, as well as assessing the effectiveness of the circular economy by adapting the balanced scorecard. Practical significance. Advantages of the transition to the principles of circularity for key stakeholders in terms of the effectiveness of its state organizational and economic support were systematized, as well as the indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the circular economy concept were identified. A comprehensive state policy of transition to a circular economy in Ukraine, taking into account the progressive experience of the EU countries and China, will promote its balanced development, realization of stakeholder interests, reduction of environmental risks, optimization of resource potential. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 16.

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QINGSONG, TIAN, and IRINA ZELENEVA. "JAPAN’S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS CHINA (2001-2006)." Sociopolitical Sciences 12, no. 3 (June 28, 2022): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2022-12-3-105-112.

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The article considers the dynamics of Japan’s foreign policy towards China at the beginning of the millennium. Its study was the purpose of this article. Its achievement presupposed the solution of the corresponding tasks: consideration of Japan’s multilateral diplomacy in other countries, characterization of the economic policy of the Koizumi cabinet in China. On the basis of the analysis carried out, appropriate conclusions were drawn. Since becoming Prime Minister of Japan, Junichiro Koizumi has made significant changes to his China policy. On the one hand, Koizumi believes that China’s economic growth and internal stability play a positive role for the Japanese economy. On the other hand, he sees China as a rising power that threatens Japan’s external environment and at the same time shakes its dominance in Asia. During Koizumi’s rule, Sino-Japanese relations generally showed a deteriorating trend: he actively deepened economic exchanges with China, but at the same time took a tough stance towards China in the field of foreign policy and security. Koizumi’s repeated visits to the Yasukuni Shrine seriously damaged Sino-Japanese relations, leading to the suspension of high-level visits between China and Japan. And Sino-Japanese relations have deteriorated to their lowest point since 1972.

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Kim, Jungsuk, Mengxi Wang, Donghyun Park, and Cynthia Castillejos Petalcorin. "Fiscal policy and economic growth: some evidence from China." Review of World Economics 157, no. 3 (May 10, 2021): 555–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-021-00414-5.

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Zhiyong Dong. "Impact of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth in China." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 4, no. 16 (September 15, 2012): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol4.issue16.15.

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Guan, Jialin, Huijuan Xu, Da Huo, Yechun Hua, and Yunfeng Wang. "Economic policy uncertainty and corporate innovation: Evidence from China." Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 67 (June 2021): 101542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2021.101542.

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Minardi, Anton, and Riani Fauziah Lestari. "CHINA´S ECONOMIC POLICY TO NIGERIA IN OIL AFFAIRS." Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum 13, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/ems.2019.2.28-36.

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Park, Ki Hyung, and Il Su Kim. "The Obama Administration’s Policy toward China after Economic Crisis." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 15, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2019.15.1.31.

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Brada, Josef C., Belton M. Fleisher, Scott Rozelle, and Johan Swinnen. "Economic Consequences of Urbanisation and Urbanisation Policy in China." Comparative Economic Studies 51, no. 3 (July 30, 2009): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.2009.3.

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Wang, Yizhong, Carl R. Chen, and Ying Sophie Huang. "Economic policy uncertainty and corporate investment: Evidence from China." Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 26 (January 2014): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2013.12.008.

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Mirza, Sultan Sikandar, and Tanveer Ahsan. "Corporates' strategic responses to economic policy uncertainty in China." Business Strategy and the Environment 29, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.2370.

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Chen, Anping, and Nicolaas Groenewold. "Emission reduction policy: A regional economic analysis for China." Economic Modelling 51 (December 2015): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.08.001.

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Didier, Laurent. "Economic diplomacy: The “one–China policy” effect on trade." China Economic Review 48 (April 2018): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.11.003.

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Liu, Kai, Jidong Yang, and Hongwei Zou. "Cultural heterogeneity, social policy, and economic growth in China." China Economic Review 62 (August 2020): 101501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101501.

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Gelvig Svetlana. "MAIN FEATURES OF CHINA-KAZAKHSTAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION." Science Review, no. 3(30) (March 31, 2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/31032020/6997.

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Kazakhstan is the largest and most developed state among Central Asian countries, with rich base of natural resources. In its foreign policy, Kazakhstan places the development of good-neighborly relations with China on the first place. In turn, for the People’s Republic of China, Kazakhstan is the second largest trading partner after Russia and the biggest hub for further transportation of goods, which has big positive effect on economic relations between these two countries. The Chinese factor is constantly operating for the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This paper studies economic integration and main features of trade and economic cooperation in China- Kazakhstan relations.