Journal articles: 'China and Italy'

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Cristiani, D. "COVID-19 and the U.S.-China competition: the case of Italy." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 2 (2020): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2020-2-81-95.

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After originating in China, the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the world. Italy was the next country severely hit by the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, before the rest of Europe and the world. As Italy struggled to cope with this mounting crisis, China seized the momentum through an aggressive mix of public diplomacy, aid support and disinformation activities. By helping Italy, China pursued three goals: transforming its weaknesses in strengths by shifting the narrative over its handling of the COVID-19 crisis; promoting its management of the situation as the proof of the strength of its governance model; showing to the Italians, the Europeans and the world how Italy was benefitting from being a member of the Belt and Road Initiative. China’s activism in Italy prompted reaction from the United States, and the COVID-19 strained relations between the two superpowers even further. While the idea that a new Cold War is brewing might be far-fetched, the relations between the two are now less and less cooperative. This increasing competition will also impact Italy’s diplomatic freedom of action vis-à-vis China – a trend that is not set to change as the new J.Biden administration takes over in the United States, as his approach to China is likely to be less erratic and more consistent, but hardly softer than Trump’s China policy.

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Fu, Yongchun, and Maria Elena Indelicato. "“China loves Italy”: transnational co-productions between China and Italy behind the mask of market." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 18, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2017.1273991.

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Alekseenkova, Elena. "Italy grasped by US-China rivalry." Analytical papers of the Institute of Europe RAS, no. 4 (2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/analytics43120212331.

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Cooperation of the EU members with China is now under increasing supervision of Washington and Brussels. The growing US-China confrontation direct impacts the relations between the EU and PRC, contributing to the adoption by Brussels of tighter control over investments in strategic sectors of economy. EU member states have to adapt their bilateral relations with China to these new developments. Formed in February 2021, the new Italian government of M. Draghi over the past eight months has nearly completed the reversal in relations with Beijing, questioning not only the memorandum of understanding signed in March 2019, but also tightening the mechanisms of control over investments coming from China.

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Galietti, Francesco. "China Slips Quietly into Italy… and Europe." World Policy Journal 32, no. 3 (2015): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0740277515605294.

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PUGLIESE, Giulio. "Italy and China: Much Ado about an MoU." East Asian Policy 12, no. 04 (October 2020): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179393052000032x.

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Italy’s engagement with China, aptly represented by the Belt and Road Initiative Memorandum of Understanding signed in March 2019, is premised on continuity and on Rome’s economic calculations in the trade and investment agendas. Scraping the surface of populist Eurosceptic posturing, the engagement has hardly been at the detriment of the European Union’s China agenda. Yet, in light of the United States’ pushback against China and the growing fatigue following the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, Italy–China relations have quietly, but steadily, cooled.

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Varriale, Francesco. "La politica estera italiana e la Cina durante la guerra civile fra Kuomintang e comunisti (1945-1949)." MONDO CONTEMPORANEO, no. 1 (May 2009): 5–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mon2009-001001.

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- According to the author, after the Second World War, Italy was too weak to build an autonomous foreign policy in China or to influence the conflict between Communists and Nationalists. However, Italian diplomacy, especially the Italian ambassador in China Sergio Fenoaltea, tried to have his own vision of the Chinese Civil War and to take advantage of the weakness of Italy to establish a good relationship with the Kuomintang government: China was a great power, especially at the United Nations, and it could be very important for the future of Italy. Furthermore, Fenoaltea criticized Marshall's mediation between the Communists and the Nationalists along with the American endorsement of Jiang Jieshi. From the perspective of the Italian ambassador, the USA was not able to understand the situation in China or to support a really democratic force. Finally, Italian diplomats in China tried to be equidistant between the two parties acting during the Civil War to protect the little Italian community in China and to not impair the possibility of a pacific and positive relationship with the future winner of the Civil War. Key words: Italy-China relationship, Italian foreign policy, ambassador Fenoaltea, Chinese Civil War, international politics, Communists and Kuomintang.

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Filho, Salvador Ávila, Júlia Spínola Ávila, Beata Mrugalska, Naiara Fonseca de Souza, Ana Paula Meira Gomes de Carvalho, and Lhaís Rodrigues Gonçalves. "Decision Making in Health Management during Crisis: A Case Study Based on Epidemiological Curves of China and Italy against COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158078.

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In December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease called COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, Hubei province, in China and quickly reached pandemic status in March 2020, in uncertain and frightening situation. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological curves from the fight against COVID-19 in China and Italy, establishing parameters that can assist with the decisions of health-planning managers. This study was conducted using the principles of the grounded theory methodology and a practical method of comparison between the real and ideal curves, based on the contamination and death data by SARS-CoV-2 in China and Italy. For this purpose, we built graphs, including parameters, such as, among others, amplitude, height, saturation point, acceleration, lethality, event, risk, and efficiency. The results of our study showed that China exhibited amplitude and height of the active contamination and death curve 2 times smaller than those of Italy which exhibited several saturations. It was investigated that Italy presented a qualitative risk of 5–6, whereas for China it was 4. According to the parameters, China and Italy presented health management that was able to reduce the impact caused by the virus. The implementation of adequate health management with these practical tools can guide perception of the crisis critical levels, avoiding major disasters. We intend to continue to validate the method in the analysis of data from Brazil and the USA.

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Tichopád, Aleš, Ladislav Pecen, and Vratislav Sedlák. "Could the new coronavirus have infected humans prior November 2019?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): e0248255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248255.

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The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is believed to originate in China from where it spread to other parts of the world. The first cluster of diseased individuals was reported in China as early as in December 2019. It has also been well established that the virus stroke Italy later in January or in February 2020, hence distinctly after the outbreak in China. The work by Apolone et al. published in the Italian Medical Journal in November 2020 and retracted upon expression of concern on 22 March 2021, however propose that the virus could have stroke people already in September 2019, possibly following even earlier outbreak in China. By fitting an early part of the epidemic curve with the exponential and extrapolating it backwards, we could estimate the day-zero of the epidemic and calculated its confidence intervals in Italy and China. We also calculated how probable it is that Italy encountered the virus prior 1 January 2020. We determined an early portion of the epidemic curve representing unhindered exponential growth which fit the exponential model with high determination >0.97 in both countries. We conservatively suggest that the day-zero in China and Italy was 8 December 2019 (95% CI: 3 Dec., 20 Dec.) and 22 January 2020 (95% CI: 16 Jan., 29 Jan.), respectively. Given the uncertainty of the very early data in China and adjusting hence our model to fit the exponentially behaved data only, we can even admit that the pandemic originated through November 2019 (95% CI: 31 Oct., 22 Dec.). With high confidence (p <0.01) China encountered the virus prior Italy. We generally view any pre-pandemic presence of the virus in humans before November 2019 as very unlikely. The later established dynamics of the epidemics data suggests that the country of the origin was China.

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Asgarov, Sirus Rafig. "CHINA'S POST-CORONAVIRUS ECONOMIC SITUATION." SCIENTIFIC WORK 62, no. 01 (February 8, 2021): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/62/162-167.

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In modern times, the United States, Russia, and China are among the world's economic giants. However, China is now moving towards becoming the most economically developed country. As a result of state reforms in 1979, China's economic development was marked by the prospect of free trade, and thus China became one of the hegemons of our time. However, every rise has a decline, and this decline has manifested itself in the Chinese economy. Due to the COVID19 virus in Wuhan, China, the country suddenly became the center of a pandemic. Educational institutions have shut down, companies have gone online, tourists have been given limited access to the country, and even travel to China from most countries has been suspended. Another country that was hit by a second pandemic after China was Italy, and just two months later, after China, Italy, then the United States, then Russia, and Brazil fell into the pandemic. The first country affected by the pandemic, of course, was China. Because the entrances and exits of a country with great economic development were suddenly stopped and ticket offices were closed. Buddha stopped the inflow of foreign currency into the country. However, if we look at developed countries such as Italy and France, China has suffered less from the pandemic than Italy, France, and Russia. China prevented the spread of the pandemic, took a number of measures at the state level, and thus there was almost no infection with COVID19 in China in March. China, albeit partially, has re-entered the country and resumed life. As a result of these measures taken by China, economic development within the country has already resumed. Key words: China, COVID19, economics, crisis, changes

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10

Achiron, Anat, Mathilda Mandel, and Yehuda Sheonefeld. "Coronavirus 2019 outbreak pathogenesis: Why China and Italy?" European Journal of Rheumatology 7, Supp2 (August 10, 2020): S99—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/eurjrheum.2020.2068.

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11

Bagnai, Alberto, and Alessandro Sarra. "Small business industrial clusters in China and Italy." China Economic Review 23, no. 3 (September 2012): 591–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2012.05.003.

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12

Xiao, Han, Zachary Cohen Eilon, Chen Ji, and Toshiro Tanimoto. "COVID-19 Societal Response Captured by Seismic Noise in China and Italy." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 5 (August 5, 2020): 2757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200147.

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Abstract Seismic noise with frequencies above 1 Hz is often called “cultural noise” and is generally correlated quite well with human activities. Recently, cities in mainland China and Italy imposed restrictions on travel and day-to-day activity in response to COVID-19, which gave us an unprecedented opportunity to study the relationship between seismic noise above 1 Hz and human activities. Using seismic records from stations in China and Italy, we show that seismic noise above 1 Hz was primarily generated by the local transportation systems. The lockdown of the cities and the imposition of travel restrictions led to an ∼4–12 dB decrease in seismic noise power in mainland China. Data also show that different Chinese cities experienced distinct periods of diminished cultural noise, related to differences in local response to the epidemic. In contrast, there was only ∼1–6 dB decrease of seismic noise power in Italy, after the country was put under a lockdown. The noise data indicate that traffic flow did not decrease as much in Italy and show how different cities reacted distinctly to the lockdown conditions.

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13

Zanier, Claudio. "Silk Cultivatiom in Italy." Journal of Medieval Worlds 1, no. 4 (2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2019.1.4.41.

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Silk cultivation in Italy started in the eleventh century CE. Initially, silkworms were cultivated using only indigenous black mulberry trees. For several centuries following, manufacturers in Italian towns manufactured luxury silk fabrics utilizing only imported foreign silk threads. In the fifteenth century, however, the practice of cultivating non-native white mulberry trees made its way from China to Italy. Due to the better quality of their leaves, this facilitated the production of domestic Italian silk threads for use in the manufacture of luxury products. Rural silk cultivation then expanded sharply.

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Ankarali, Handan, Seyit Ankarali, Hulya Caskurlu, Yasemin Cag, Ferhat Arslan, Hakan Erdem, and Haluk Vahaboglu. "A Statistical Modeling of the Course of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: A Comparative Analysis." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 32, no. 4 (May 2020): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539520928180.

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This study aims to provide both a model by using cumulative cases and cumulative death toll for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) outbreak in four countries, China, Italy, South Korea, and Turkey, starting from the first diagnosis and to compare associated indicators. The most successful estimation was obtained from the cubic model with natural logarithm for China, Italy, South Korea, and Turkey. The success of the models was around 99%. However, differences began to emerge in China, Italy, and South Korea after the second week. Although the highest number of new cases per 1 million people in China was 9.8 on February 28, 2020; it was 108.4 on March 21, 2020, in Italy; and this was 16.6 on March 5, 2020, in South Korea. On the other hand, the number of new cases was 24.6 per 1 million people on March 27, 2020, in Turkey. The log-cubic model proposed in this study has been set forth to obtain successful results for aforementioned countries, as well as to estimate the course of the COVID-19 outbreak. Other factors such as climacteric factors and genetic differences, which may have an impact on viral spreading and transmission, would also have strengthened the model prediction capacity.

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15

Nigrinova, L. "Comparison of Market Openness of China, Russia and Italy." Bulletin of Ural Federal University. Series Economics and Management 18, no. 2 (2019): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2019.18.2.012.

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16

Kuoshu, Harry. "Configuring innocence: China and Italy, Wang and Masina personas." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms.2.3.335_1.

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ROSTAGNI, CARLA MENEGUZZI. "The China Question in Italian Foreign Policy." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000342.

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AbstractRelying on evidence from the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and on the private archives of both Aldo Moro and Pietro Nenni, this article shows that from the mid-1950s onwards, important politicians—Socialist Pietro Nenni, Christian Democrat Giovanni Gronchi and Liberal Gaetano Martino—worked to encourage economic exchanges between Italy and China, and were linked with the concurrent initiatives of economic actors like Dino Gentili and Enrico Mattei. It also reveals that this gradual but steady process placed the China question firmly on the agenda of Italian parliamentary debates and government programmes as early as 1964. Finally, it shows that, while American diplomacy was still dominated by the Vietnam War and opposed any initiative towards Chinese recognition, in 1969–1970 the long process of rapprochement between Rome and Beijing came to an end. Thanks to Nenni's and Moro's diplomatic action, Italy recognized the People's Republic of China (PRC) before the Americans decided to inaugurate triangular diplomacy and reach out to China.

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Davids, Karel. "River control and the evolution of knowledge: a comparison between regions in China and Europe, c. 1400–1850." Journal of Global History 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022806000040.

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This article examines the similarities and divergences in the evolution of knowledge concerning river control in China and Europe, between about 1400 and 1850. The analysis concentrates on four densely populated and relatively prosperous regions, which were faced with comparable problems caused by unruly rivers: the coastal plains of the Yellow River, the basin of the middle Yangzi, the coastal area of Northern Italy, and the Rhine delta in the Netherlands. During the period under discussion, Northern Italy was the first region to witness a ‘cognitive leap’ in knowledge of river hydraulics. The author analyses why this particular transformation in the body of knowledge took place in Northern Italy, rather than in any of the regions in China. He also examines why the Netherlands, in contrast to regions in China, offered a receptive environment to this new approach in river hydraulics from c. 1770. He suggests that differences in the development of knowledge can be explained primarily in terms of underlying socio-political structures.

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Voci, Paola. "Activist sinology and accented documentary: China on the (Italian?) internet." Modern Italy 24, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2019.49.

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On the Italian internet, the dominant, Italian-centred – and arguably often nationalistic – discourse on Global China, and, by extension, Global Italy, emphasises economic growth and opportunities. The celebratory and homogenising rhetoric of this discourse has been challenged by a counter-discourse on subaltern China, which focuses on the many, localised social inequities and discriminations suffered by the Chinese – or, more accurately, sinophone – workers. In this counter- discourse, an important role is played by small-screen documentaries on displaced migrants both in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and in Italy. I propose that they provide meaningful evidence of an Italian-accented ‘sinologia di sinistra’ or activist sinology, which views research as a transnational practice and advocates a stronger link between academic discourse and civil society.

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Porcheddu, Rossella, Caterina Serra, David Kelvin, Nikki Kelvin, and Salvatore Rubino. "Similarity in Case Fatality Rates (CFR) of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2 in Italy and China." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 02 (February 29, 2020): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12600.

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As of 28 February 2020, Italy had 888 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections, with most cases in Northern Italy in the Lombardia and Veneto regions. Travel-related cases were the main source of COVID-19 cases during the early stages of the current epidemic in Italy. The month of February, however, has been dominated by two large clusters of outbreaks in Northern Italy, south of Milan, with mainly local transmission the source of infections. Contact tracing has failed to identify patient zero in one of the outbreaks. As of 28 February 2020, twenty-one cases of COVID-19 have died. Comparison between case fatality rates in China and Italy are identical at 2.3. Additionally, deaths are similar in both countries with fatalities in mostly the elderly with known comorbidities. It will be important to develop point-of-care devices to aid clinicians in stratifying elderly patients as early as possible to determine the potential level of care they will require to improve their chances of survival from COVID-19 disease.

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Patra, Bijoy, Jharna Behura, Vivek Dewan, T. P. Yadav, Vikram Datta, and Dheeraj Bahl. "Can we predict the duration of COVID-19 pandemic? an observational analysis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 3062. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203379.

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Background: Since the outbreak of 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia in the Wuhan city, China, the whole world has been ravaged by the pandemic of COVID-19. In this bleak scenario, China is witnessing the near cessation of the disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiology curve of China and five other countries, and attempts to extrapolate these findings in the epidemiology curve of individual country to answer the question how long will the pandemic last on this globe.Methods: For the current study data from six countries namely China, Germany, Italy, South Korea Singapore, and India were considered. The resources for data collection were WHO Situation reports for corona virus disease (COVID-19), and Worldometer statistics for corona. Data were entered in to excel sheet and analyzed.Results: Data for total cases, active cases, death, recovery, inactive cases were analyzed for each country and construed in graphs. The epidemic curve of total cumulative cases in China can be observed to have four phases and the total duration of epidemic is around 24week±2 weeks. China is in last phase of the epidemic. In South Korea, Germany, Italy the epidemic curve of active and inactive cases has crossed each other and are in 3rd phase. India and Singapore are in phase 1.Conclusions: Despite the multitude of variables of COVID-19, the glimmer of hope for the end of pandemic can be inferred from the analysis of China, South Korea, Italy and Germany and can be extrapolated for India and Singapore.

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Yuan, Su-Fen, Ze-Hua Liu, Ri-Ping Huang, Hua Yin, and Zhi Dang. "Levels of six antibiotics used in China estimated by means of wastewater-based epidemiology." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 4 (October 26, 2015): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.526.

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Due to lack of proper regulation, information about antibiotics consumption in many countries such as China is difficult to obtain. In this study, a simple method based on wastewater-based epidemiology was adopted to estimate their usage in four megacities of China. Six antibiotics (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, erythromycin and roxithromycin), which are the most frequently consumed antibiotics in China, were selected as the targets. Based on our results, Chongqing had the largest total annual consumption of the selected six antibiotics among the four megacities, followed by Guangzhou, then Hong Kong, with Beijing having the least, with values of 4.4 g/y/P, 4.0 g/y/P, 1.6 g/y/P, and 1.3 g/y/P, respectively. Compared with the daily consumption per capita in Italy, the estimated consumption levels of the selected six antibiotics in four cities of China were 12–41 times those of Italy. Our results suggested that the consumption of antibiotics in China was excessive.

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Badea, Constantina, Chloé Touzé, Cassandra Gedeon, Jais Adam-Troian, Mihaela Boza, and Jean-Baptiste Légal. "Vulnerability to COVID-19, prejudice, and support for economic restrictions towards countries with high level of contamination." Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology 23, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24913/rjap.23.2.01.

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Recent research has extensively investigated how the current COVID-19 pandemic can affect intergroup relations. Much less is known about the impact of COVID-19 on economic and trade decisions. Could the intergroup effects of this pandemic shape support for international economic policies? The aim of this study was to examine the support for restrictive economic policies towards countries with very high levels of COVID-19 contamination (China and Italy) during the first lockdown period (March - April 2020). The survey was conducted in Romania (N = 669) and included measures of COVID-19 vulnerability, prejudice, and support for economic restrictive policy (e.g., to reduce international trade; to set higher taxes). Results showed that higher support for restrictive policies toward China was associated with greater perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 and this link was partially mediated by prejudice toward China. In contrast, support for economic restrictive policies toward Italy was greater when perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 was high, but this relationship between variables was not explained by negative attitudes towards Italy. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

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Rubino, Salvatore, Nikki Kelvin, Jesús F. Bermejo-Martin, and David Kelvin. "As COVID-19 cases, deaths and fatality rates surge in Italy, underlying causes require investigation." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 03 (March 31, 2020): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12734.

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COVID-19 case fatalities surged during the month of March 2020 in Italy, reaching over 10,000 by 28 March 2020. This number exceeds the number of fatalities in China (3,301) recorded from January to March, even though the number of diagnosed cases was similar (85,000 Italy vs. 80,000 China). Case Fatality Rates (CFR) could be somewhat unreliable because the estimation of total case numbers is limited by several factors, including insufficient testing and limitations in test kits and materials, such as NP swabs and PPE for testers. Sero prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may help in more accurate estimations of the total number of cases. Nevertheless, the disparity in the differences in the total number of fatalities between Italy and China suggests investigation into several factors, such as demographics, sociological interactions, availability of medical equipment (ICU beds and PPE), variants in immune proteins (e.g., HLA, IFNs), past immunity to related CoVs, and mutations in SARS-CoV-2, could impact survival of severe COVID-19 illness survival and the number of case fatalities.

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Henderson, J. H. "Report from the People's Republic of China." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 12, no. 10 (October 1988): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.12.10.439.

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An international workshop on Epidemiology of Mental and Neurological Disorders of the Elderly was held in the Medical University of Beijing in the People's Republic of China from 16–20 November 1987. The workshop was organised jointly by the Beijing Institute of Mental Health and the WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in the Neurosciences, Milan, Italy.

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Staiano, Maria Francesca, and Fabio Marcelli. "Facing the COVID disease: International Cooperation between China and Italy." Relaciones Internacionales 29, no. 58 (July 20, 2020): 091. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/23142766e091.

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The article proposes a first approximation to the international cooperation response against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, the paper aims to analyze the two fundamental strategies against the virus, with a focus on the Italian reaction and its consequences on European cooperation. The pandemic has accelerated some conflicts and claimed deeper international cooperation on health and the attempt to create a "community of shared health" for mankind.

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Craddock, J. H., and G. Bassi. "INTRODUCTION INTO ITALY OF EIGHT CASTANEA MOLLISSIMA CULTIVARS FROM CHINA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 494 (July 1999): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.494.48.

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Marinelli, Maurizio. "The encounter between Italy and China: two countries, multiple stories." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 15, no. 4 (September 2010): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354571x.2010.501969.

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Laviosa, Flavia. "Italy–China film co-productions: An interview with Maurizio Sciarra." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms.5.1.99_7.

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Araral, Eduardo, Alberto Asquer, and Yahua Wang. "Regulatory Constructivism: Application of Q Methodology in Italy and China." Water Resources Management 31, no. 8 (September 17, 2016): 2497–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1496-2.

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Basilone, Linetto. "Through East Asia to the sound of ‘Giovinezza’: Italian travel literature on China, Korea and Japan during the Fascist ventennio." Modern Italy 24, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2019.52.

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During the Fascist ventennio, prominent Italian writers and journalists, such as Mario Appelius, Raffaele Calzini, Arnaldo Cipolla, Arnaldo Fraccaroli, Roberto Suster and Cesco Tommaselli, reported from China, Japan and Korea for Il Popolo d'Italia, Corriere della Sera and La Stampa. Their travel narratives were crucial for the creation and diffusion in Italy of the dominant representation of China and Korea as remote, decadent and exotic societies; and of Japan as a progressive society resonant with Fascist Italy. The narrativisation of these countries in Italian travelogues from the Fascist ventennio was part of a widespread discursive practice by Italian intellectuals willing to subscribe to, and actively disseminate, the guiding principles of Fascism. When emphasising China's and Korea's irreconcilable difference from, and Japan's affinity with, Fascist Italy, these intellectuals extolled the Italian race and culture, justified Italy's position in geopolitical dynamics, and propagandised the exceptionality of the Fascist ideology.

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DE GIORGI, LAURA. "Chinese Brush, Western Canvas: The travels of Italian artists and writers, and the making of China's international cultural identity in the mid-1950s." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 170–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000263.

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AbstractAfter 1955 the People's Republic of China looked to Western Europe to develop new economic and cultural relations, and to project its new image as an independent Socialist state. In this new context, between 1955 and 1957 several Italian delegations visited China to explore the possibility of cooperation between China and Italy in the field of literature and art. This article investigates the most important of these delegations, led by the jurist, Piero Calamandrei, in 1955, and some subsequent initiatives, such as the exhibition of Italian artists held in Beijing in 1956. Drawing mainly from Italian published and private sources, the article explores how Socialist China's revolutionary cultural identity was understood and received in Italy in this period. It does so with special reference to the impact of Soviet cultural influence on China, and the prospect of Sino-Italian cooperation in the field of arts and literature as a way to bridge the East–West political and ideological divide.

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Romolini, Alberto, Elena Gori, and Silvia Fissi. "The disclosure in social reporting of energy sector: Experiences from Italy, the USA and China." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 4 (2014): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i4c2p5.

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Attention towards CSR issues is very high in Europe and America, but also in countries like China, which have little cultural tradition of it. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality and the trend of social reporting in Italy compared with in the USA and China by exploring the indicators disclosed within social reports. The study considered the energy and utilities sector by analysing the quality of social reporting through the indicators disclosed in 2009, 2010 and 2011 reports according to GRI guidelines. The research results show the quality level of social reporting in Italy is higher than that of the USA and China. However the research hypothesis was not confirmed as the quality does not show an increased trend. Chinese companies show opposite results as the quality levels dropping notably between 2009 and 2011.

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Singh, Akanksha, and Pooja Sahu. "Reflecting on the Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism in Italy." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 05 (May 2, 2022): 1066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i5.sh01.

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Italy was the first major western country to face the viral disease, which originated in China late last year and has spread around the world. Italian authorities have recorded some 2,29,858 confirmed cases and 32,785 death. Tourism is known as one of the most growing sector in Italy which is encouraging economic growth and development by giving employability of large sector of the working population. This paper is focusing on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and its impact on Tourism Industry of Italy after a complete lockdown. In this paper we will come to know about popular tourist places in Italy and how they are affected after lockdown which has affected the economy of the country to a large extent. This paper also focused on why Italy was adversely affected due to Coronavirus and reasons behind it. Government has also taken various decisions for removal of COVID-19 and its impact on tourism industry of Italy.

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Göblyös, Bence. "Report NATO 2030: Italy in a Changing Alliance." Hadtudományi Szemle 14, no. 4 (2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2021.4.3.

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In March 2020, a group of experts was appointed by secretary General Jens Stoltenberg to examine the situation of the Alliance in these uncertain times and to provide a proposition for the principles of the Alliance for the coming decade. After the completion, the Report mostly stayed under the radar. My goal is to identify those fields in which Italy can take a leading role, or on the contrary: the fields in which Italy has more to do. During my research, my method was to find the Report’s most significant recommendations and to assess Italy’s position on the issue, trying to find the main implications for Italy. I identified four major fields in which the changing NATO goes lack consensus, and causes intra-Alliance frictions. One of these is the question of Russia. Italy has a good relationship with the old rival, but NATO – not excluding the possibility for cooperation – has a way more negative perspective about Russia. Almost the same stands for China. Italy’s and several other Member States’ relationship with China causes some controversy among the Allied States. Among other factors, these cause strategic divergencies in the Alliance. Different friends and adversaries, different interests and values sometimes make the cooperation hard. Because of this, it is of utmost importance to improve political coordination and cooperation. The most important field, in which Italy can take a leading role is the Southern Strategic Direction. Italy is already a very active player in the Mediterranean region, as it is a vital area in Italy’s security. I believe Italy will have the military and political power, and most likely also the willingness to be among the leading nations in implementing the findings of NATO 2030, if it can maintain or strengthen its position in the Alliance.

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Murgante, Beniamino, Giuseppe Borruso, Ginevra Balletto, Paolo Castiglia, and Marco Dettori. "Why Italy First? Health, Geographical and Planning Aspects of the COVID-19 Outbreak." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125064.

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COVID-19 hit Italy in February 2020 after its outbreak in China at the beginning of January. Why was Italy first among the Western countries? What are the conditions that made Italy more vulnerable and the first target of this disease? What characteristics and diffusion patterns could be highlighted and hypothesized from its outbreak to the end of March 2020, after containment measures, including a national lockdown, were introduced? In this paper, we try to provide some answers to these questions, analyzing the issue from medical, geographical and planning points of view. With reference to the Italian case, we observed the phenomenon in terms of the spatial diffusion process and by observing the relation between the epidemic and various environmental elements. In particular, we started from a hypothesis of the comparable economic, geographical, climatic and environmental conditions of the areas of Wuhan (in the Hubei Province in China, where the epidemic broke out) and the Po Valley area (in Italy) where most cases and deaths were registered. Via an ecological approach, we compared the spatial distribution and pattern of COVID-19-related mortality in Italy with several geographical, environmental and socio-economic variables at a Provincial level, analyzing them by means of spatial analytical techniques such as LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association). Possible evidence arose relating to COVID-19 cases and Nitrogen-related pollutants and land take, particularly in the Po Valley area.

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Huang, Bi Bin, and Jing Hu. "Renewable Energy Quota System in Italy and its Enlightenment for China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 4256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.4256.

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Renewable energy quota system (also known as renewable portfolio standard) is a new policy to promote development of renewable energy in the world. The typical pattern of the foreign quota system is studied deeply in this paper at first. Based on this, take Italian quota system policy for example, the Italian electricity system overview and key elements of the Italian quota system policies are analyzed. At last, some useful enlightenment gained from renewable portfolio standard in Italy is given to our country.

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Ward, Adrienne. ""Imaginary Imperialism": Goldoni Stages China in 18th Century Italy." Theatre Journal 54, no. 2 (2002): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tj.2002.0065.

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Liu, F. X., P. Ding, C. X. Xu, and K. R. Wang. "Genetic Diversity of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 in China, Japan and Italy." Journal of Phytopathology 155, no. 11-12 (December 2007): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01292.x.

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Bellini, Carlo, Simona Serveli, Luigi A, Pietro M, Daniele S, Luca A. Ramenghi, Tiziana Cinti, and Francesco Campone. "Long-Distance, Nonstop Neonatal Transport From Shanghai, China, to Genoa, Italy." Air Medical Journal 37, no. 1 (January 2018): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2017.09.004.

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Delvecchio, Elisa, Diana Mabilia, Adriana Lis, Claudia Mazzeschi, Yangang Nie, and Jian-Bin Li. "From China to Italy: Validation of the adolescent self-consciousness questionnaire." European Journal of Developmental Psychology 11, no. 1 (September 6, 2013): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2013.831760.

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Hermida, Lisset, and Ricardo Silva. "COVID-19: An effective vaccine is needed." Bionatura 5, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 1097–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2020.05.02.1.

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A novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the present pneumonia outbreak called COVID-19 that started in early December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China. Until March 12, SARS-CoV-2 had caused 80980 infections and 3173 deaths in China, but even worst, it is currently spreading fast in other countries, reaching 45293 infections and 1460 deaths outside China, being the most affected countries Italy, Iran and South Korea

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Bildirici, Melike E., Tahsin Bakirtas, and Fazıl Kayikci. "Economic growth and electricity consumption: Auto regressive distributed lag analysis." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i4a3176.

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Knowledge of the direction of causality between electricity consumption and economic growth is of primary importance if appropriate energy policies and energy conservation measures are to be devised. This study estimates the causality relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in per capita and aggregate levels. The study uses the price and income elasticities of total electricity demand and industrial demand by using the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) method for some developed and developing countries, including the US, UK, Canada, Japan, China, India, Brazil, Italy, France, Turkey and South Africa. There is evidence to support the growth hypothesis for the US, China, Canada and Brazil. There is evidence to support the conservation hypothesis for India, Turkey, South Africa, Japan, UK, France and Italy.

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Lakshmi, Geetha. "CORONA - WHAT IS NEXT?" INDO-ASIAN JOURNAL OF FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING 3, no. 1 (2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/iajfa.2022.v03i01.02.

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COVID-19, first originated in November 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China. The virus spread from China to almost all the countries of the world. India is not an exception to this malady. The virus was carried to India by students studying in China and Indian workers from Italy who returned to India. Italy had become a centre of the corona virus after China. All of a sudden the central government was forced to declare a complete lockdown throughout the country on 25 March 2020. Movement of labourers and all the economic activities came to a standstill. In the initial phase government was committed to prevent the spread of the disease because even advanced countries like USA, France, England, Germany, Italy failed to stop the spread of the virus, leading to large scale human deaths. The Indian economy was rapidly moving towards development. But this pandemic has given a severe blow to all the economic activities in India. Within a month, unemployment rose from 6.7 per cent on 15 March, 26 per cent on 19 April to 7.24 per cent on 20 January 2021 During the lockdown, an estimated 14 crore people lost employment1. This paper discusses what is the next economic situation after COVID-19, that is positive and negative circumstances. This is a controversial subject. So, here I am going to analyze what are the situation we will face next and also find out what are the solution recommended by the government to overcome this current scenario with the help of secondary data collection.

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Wang, Lafang, Rui Xie, and Jun Liu. "Backward & Forward Linkages in Chinese Steel Industry Using Input Output Analysis." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsds.2011040103.

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This paper measures the direct and indirect contribution made by iron and steel industry in the economy of China and assess the differences between China and other steel producing countries. With this aim in view, the input-output modelling is used to detect the industrial linkages known as backward and forward linkages of eight iron and steel producing countries, including China, USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, Brazil, Korea, and India. The induction effect of export demand on steel industry in China is shown to be less than several OECD countries, such as Japan.

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Crasquin, Sylvie. "Kempfia, A new name for the genus Bairdiacratia Crasquin, 2008, non Jiang, 1983." Journal of Paleontology 83, no. 2 (March 2009): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08-139.1.

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Crasquin proposed (in Crasquin et al., 2008) the generic name Bairdiacratia (p. 244-246) for a Bairdioidea ostracod (Crustacea) recorded from the latest Permian of the Southern Alps (Italy) and Guizhou, Zhejiang, and Hubei Provinces (South China). Unfortunately, I discovered recently that the name was already used for an ostracod genus from the Middle Devonian of eastern Yunnan Province (China) by Jiang (1983).

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Beretta, Giovanni. "CO2 sequestration in the subsoil and groundwater." Acque Sotterranee - Italian Journal of Groundwater 11, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7343/as-2022-582.

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Statistics for year 2020 show CO2 emission levels in Italy of 5 tons/inhabitant/year. At a planetary level, 300 Mton/year have been produced in Italy. For comparison, 4500 Mton/year were produced by the USA, 650 Mton/year by Germany and 11500 Mton/year by China. Greenhouse gas increase is a matter of concern, bringing about temperature increase on a global scale, which will impact in turn the hydrological cycle, thus also involving groundwater [...].

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Stanca, Lorenzo. "Investimenti diretti cinesi in Italia: da ruscello a fiume?" ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 1 (April 2009): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-001009.

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- Chinese outbound direct investments have experienced a strong increase in the last five years, spurred by the "Go Abroad" policy launched by the Chinese Government in 2002. Europe still ranks at the bottom of the list among the destinations of Chinese direct investments, but it is the fastest growing one. Within Europe, Italy is a late comer in attracting Chinese investments, but has been catching up quickly in the last few years. Investments have been made mostly in the logistics and in the manufacturing sector. In 2008 the acquisition of Cifa, a leading producer of cement-working machines, by Zoomlion signalled an important step in the history of Chinese investments in Italy. It is the largest Chinese acquisition in Europe so far and for the first time the Chinese investor is looking at integrating foreign management into its own managing structure. On average the size of Chinese companies investing in Italy is much larger than that of Italian companies looking at China for expansion. Furthermore, Chinese firms are focusing increasingly on manufacturing companies and are shunning those that do not appear in good shape. Acquiring a market share in Europe is the primary aim of Chinese companies investing in Italy, while the acquisition of technological skills plays a secondary role. Keywords: foreign direct investments, China, Italian industry, acquisitions Parole chiave: investimenti diretti all'estero, Cina, industria italiana, acquisizioni Jel Classification: F2

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Su, Yue, Jia Xue, Xiaoqian Liu, Peijing Wu, Junxiang Chen, Chen Chen, Tianli Liu, Weigang Gong, and Tingshao Zhu. "Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy: A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Weibo and Twitter." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 4552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124552.

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Many countries are taking strict quarantine policies to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) around the world, such as city lockdown. Cities in China and Italy were locked down in the early stage of the pandemic. The present study aims to examine and compare the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on individuals’ psychological states in China and Italy. We achieved the aim by (1) sampling Weibo users (geo-location = Wuhan, China) and Twitter users (geo-location = Lombardy, Italy); (2) fetching all the users’ published posts two weeks before and after the lockdown in each region (e.g., the lockdown date of Wuhan was 23 January 2020); (3) extracting the psycholinguistic features of these posts using the Simplified Chinese and Italian version of Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary; and (4) conducting Wilcoxon tests to examine the changes in the psycholinguistic characteristics of the posts before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. Results showed that individuals focused more on “home”, and expressed a higher level of cognitive process after a lockdown in both Wuhan and Lombardy. Meanwhile, the level of stress decreased, and the attention to leisure increased in Lombardy after the lockdown. The attention to group, religion, and emotions became more prevalent in Wuhan after the lockdown. Findings provide decision-makers timely evidence on public reactions and the impacts on psychological states in the COVID-19 context, and have implications for evidence-based mental health interventions in two countries.

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Ozcan, Ceyhun Can, Mustafa Gerceker, Ibrahim Ozmen, and Mehmet Mucuk. "The effect of globalization, income and tourism on environment: An empirical analysis." European Journal of Tourism Research 32 (August 5, 2022): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2489.

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This study investigates the impact of globalization, real income, and tourism on the environment in top 10 destinations that attract the most tourists, using panel unit root, panel cointegration, and panel cointegration estimators for the period between 1995 and 2014. Panel cointegration test results show that the series moves together in the long run. According to the long-run panel estimator results, an increase in real income negatively affects the environment in China, France, Spain, Thailand, and the UK. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Germany, Italy, the UK, and the United States. Globalization reduces environmental degradation in France and the UK. The short-run panel estimator shows that an increase in real income in all countries, except China, increases environmental degradation. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Mexico and increases it in Spain. Finally, globalization contributes to the reduction of environmental degradation in Italy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'China and Italy'

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