Journal articles on the topic 'China's future economic prosperity'
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1
Marois, Guillaume, Stuart Gietel-Basten, and Wolfgang Lutz. "China's low fertility may not hinder future prosperity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 40 (September 27, 2021): e2108900118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108900118.
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China’s low fertility is often presented as a major factor which will hinder its prosperity in the medium to long term. This is based on the assumed negative consequences of an increasing old-age dependency ratio: a simplistic measure of relative changing age structures. Based on this view, policies to increase fertility are being proposed after decades of birth restriction policies. Here, we argue that a purely age structure–based reasoning which disregards labor force participation and education attainment may be highly misleading. While fertility has indeed fallen to low levels, human capital accumulation has been very strong—especially among younger cohorts. Factoring in the effects of labor force participation and educational attainment on productivity, a measure called “productivity-weighted labor force dependency ratio” can more accurately capture the economic implications of demographic change. When using this ratio, a much more optimistic picture of the economic (and social) future of China can be envisaged.
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Xuemei, Li, Benshuo Yang, Yun Cao, Liyan Zhang, Han Liu, Pengcheng Wang, and Xiaomei Qu. "An analysis of the prosperity of China's marine economy." Marine Economics and Management 4, no. 2 (December 3, 2021): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maem-10-2021-0010.
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PurposeChina's marine economy occupies an important position within the national economy, and its contribution thereto is constantly improving. The overall operation of the marine economy shows positive developmental trends with potential for further growth. The purpose of this research is to analyse the prosperity of China's marine economy, reveal trends therein and forecast the likely turning point in its operation.Design/methodology/approachBased on the periodicity and fluctuation of China's marine economy development, China's marine economic prosperity indicator system is established from five perspectives. On this basis, China's marine economic operation prosperity index can be synthesised and calculated, then a dynamic factor model is constructed. Using the filtering method to calculate China's marine economic operational Stock–Watson index, Markov switching has been used to determine the trend to transition. Furthermore, China's current marine economic prosperity is evaluated through analysis of influencing factors and correlation analysis.FindingsThe analysis shows that, from 2017 to 2019, the operation of the marine economy is relatively stable, and the prosperity index supports this finding; meanwhile it also exposes problems in China's marine economy, such as an unbalanced industrial structure, low marine economic benefits and insufficient capacity for sustainable development.Originality/valueThrough the analysis of the prosperity of China's marine economy, the authors reveal the trends in China's marine economy and forecast its likely future turning point.
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Tong, Junie T., and John McManus. "China’s economic growth and future prosperity." Strategic Change 26, no. 3 (May 2017): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2129.
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Keyuan, Zou. "China's Possible Role in Myanmar's National Reconciliation." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 17 (March 10, 2003): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v17i0.13.
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China and Myanmar have maintained their good relations for centuries. Based
on China's pragmatic foreign policy, China supports the current military regime
in Myanmar through political, strategic, economic and cultural ties and exchanges.
National reconciliation is a necessary step for Myanmar's future prosperity and
security, including democratization in this country. Because of the good
relationship between China and Myanmar and the former's strong influence,
China has some role to play, albeit not a critical one, in Myanmar's national
reconciliation. The limitation of China's role stems firstly from China's foreign
policy (based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence) as well as from
China's perception of democracy. On the other hand, China would like to see a
stable and prosperous Myanmar close to its borders. This article examines these
crucial issues and the ramifications for future co-operation.
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Vlasov, N. V. "The Contemporary Chinese Policy in Southeast Asia." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(42) (June 28, 2015): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-3-42-60-67.
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Although the PRC has been gradually turning into a genuinely global power recently, her regional interests particularly in SEA are not shrinking. Developing relations with ASEAN in general and its member states in particular is still among the key priorities of the Chinese foreign policy. This is motivated by the interest to ensure safe and controlled buffer along China's border perimeter - "belt of peace, stability and common prosperity". At present, Chinese standing in SEA is firm. Sino-ASEAN relations are based upon mutual pragmatism. The reason for that to a great extent is a tangible trade and economic and investment cooperation. Bilateral relations in political and security as well as defense spheres have been also steadily expanding. Humanitarian ties are closely interwoven, which may help make future ASEAN elites more pro-Chinese. Nevertheless, it has been all the more evident that Southeast Asian nations are seeking to lower their current overdependence on China. Their concern are rising due to China's growing political and military and economic muscles as well as because of increasing Chinese nationalism. Unresolved territorial disputes in the South China Sea also impede promotion of China's influence there. In this context China turns out to be sandwiched between the necessity to uphold her national interests, on the one hand, and the goal to keep a comfort regional atmosphere for facilitating her relationship with ASEAN, on the other. Moreover, lately there has been another sound factor jeopardizing China's leadership in SEA - Washington's Asia Pacific pivot.
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Niyangoda, Nalinda, Manoaj Keppetipola, and Anil Bowatte. "EVOLVING REGIONAL AND GLOBAL DYNAMICS AND FUTURE OF CPEC." ISSRA Papers 13 (December 31, 2021): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/issrap.v13ixiii.105.
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The CPEC is a vital element of BRI. In this paper, an effort was taken to study the evolving regional and global dynamics of the CPEC and its future. China has initiated a mega project named Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) related to infrastructure development and global connectivity. Its development strategy aims to strengthen connectivity and cooperation across six major economic corridors from Singapore to Syria including commercial and cultural transmission routes of the Asian continent connecting the rest of the world. Policy coordination, connectivity of facilities, unhindered trade, people-to-people contacts, and financial integration are the important aspects of BRI. It follows the principles of globalization through international cooperation and interdependence. The goals of the BRI are to foster peace, prosperity, openness, green development, innovation, and a road that unites different civilizations. This study aimed to analyze the geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic significance of the BRI along with the convergences and divergences of global and regional stakeholders with a focus on socio-economic development of Pakistan under CPEC. In this study, SWOT analysis was carried out, mainly focusing on the events connected to the CPEC. This project has the potential to integrate geopolitical and geo-economic environment in Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe. It is the practical manifestation of China's vision of "Peaceful Rise" and regional integration for a win-win situation for partner countries. CPEC is considered to be the “flagship project” and a game-changer for its potential to link sea and land routes. Nonetheless, this project is planned to be completed by 2030 to generate tangible outcomes.
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Chen, Julie Yu-Wen, and Soledad Jiménez-Tovar. "China in Central Asia: Local Perceptions from Future Elites." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 03, no. 03 (January 2017): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740017500178.
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China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) seems to have exhibited its goodwill by aiming to integrate its neighbors peacefully and cooperatively into joint economic prosperity; nevertheless, there are various concerns about the implications of China’s mounting influence in Central Asia. This article attempts to compare the results of several small-scale surveys conducted among university students in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, so as to get a glimpse of local perceptions in Central Asia on the growing Chinese influence in their countries. Our primary survey analysis shows that Kazakhstani respondents tend to believe China has the biggest influence in Central Asia, while Kyrgyzstani respondents believe that Russia outperforms China in status in the region. However, both Kyrgyzstani and Kazakhstani respondents believe that Russia’s influence will largely decline and be overtaken by China in the next decade. Although our respondents have some awareness of China’s presence in their countries and an understanding of China’s influence, they do not consider the Chinese development model a suitable one for their country. China’s much advocated Belt and Road Initiative has not seemed to reach the radar of the young respondents included in this study.
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Huang, Qunhui, and Yu Jing. "State-owned enterprises in China: their reform process, performance efficiency and future road." China Political Economy 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-10-2019-0022.
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Purpose In the 40 years of reform and opening-up toward a more rational micro-economic structure, the proportion of output of state-owned enterprises shows a declining trend. Over the past decade, on one hand, the operational efficiency of state-owned enterprises has tended to be low as compared to other ownership enterprises; on the other hand, the asset–liability ratio of state-owned enterprises has risen against the trend, and still remains high under the recent national policy of “deleveraging.” The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This indicates that the inefficiency of state-owned enterprises that once hindered China’s economic development has not yet been fundamentally solved, and the task of deepening state-owned enterprises reform is still arduous. Findings In the process of establishing China’s modern economic system, there will be some “new state-owned enterprises” growing into world-class ones. This requires more effort in enhancing the capacity for independent innovation, improving the level of organizational control, expanding international market opportunities and fulfilling enterprise social responsibilities with high standards. Originality/value It is more appropriate for China to have a micro-economic structure in which public ownership predominates and diverse forms of ownership enjoy common prosperity and development.
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Samorodov, Artem. "Argentina – China. Sustainable development for a better future." E3S Web of Conferences 295 (2021): 01061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129501061.
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Argentina is considered one of the fastest developing countries in Latin America. However, since 2015, the country has been trying to get out of the economic crisis, which has significantly worsened by 2019. Meanwhile China’s relations with geographically and culturally distant continents, such as Latin America, are widely seen as a part of Chinese government’s drive to establish itself as a global leader, as well as to secure new markets and resources for its sustainable growth. Even the distance between regions is not a significant obstacle to the sustainable development of relations. This article will discuss the relations between the People’s Republic of China and the Argentine Republic. The author focuses on the economic, investment and energy aspects of sustainable development of bilateral relations. The objective was to establish the format of bilateral relations between Argentina and China starting in 2015 and ending in 2020. It can be concluded that the relations between Argentina and China are a dynamically developing example of mutually beneficial sustainable development of the two countries and such relations can be used by Argentina in order to overcome the crisis and for further prosperity of this beautiful country.
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Hou, Yunyun, and Xiaoyan Dong. "Construction of Competitive Advantage and Competitive Strategy Model of Sports Enterprises Based on Multicase Study and In-Depth Learning." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (July 31, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4998467.
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Summary. With the support of national policies and the holding of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, China’s sports market presents an unprecedented prosperity, but it also faces many challenges. The market environment in which the sports industry is located is full of uncertainty and complexity. Creative products, competitive sports enterprises, and clear business models are urgently needed. Research purpose. To explore the future development mode and the prospect of China’s sports undertakings and enterprises through the analysis and research on the competitive advantage of China’s sports industry. In this context, since 2016, this study has started with the micromarket players. Research methods. Using the case study method highly praised by the international economic management academic circles, combined with in-depth learning, this study has conducted a systematic and comprehensive study on a total of 50 Chinese sports enterprises by mining and analyzing the unstructured text, video, and other data obtained from public materials and interviews. This paper deeply analyzes the competitive strategy of China's sports enterprises, creates and maintains competitive advantages in the sports industry, and studies the model construction of case studies and analysis. Conclusion. The study found that the product and business model, the leadership of managers, the innovation ability of teams, and the external market environment are the core elements for sports enterprises to formulate competitive strategies and create and maintain competitive advantages. The organic combination of the four eventually forms a competitive advantage that is difficult to replicate and finally forms a value chain through the implementation of competitive strategies so as to realize the value promotion and sustainable development of enterprises.
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Zhang, Zhixiong, Qing Li, Changjun Liu, Liuqian Ding, Qiang Ma, and Yao Chen. "Driving Effects and Spatial-Temporal Variations in Economic Losses Due to Flood Disasters in China." Water 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14142266.
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The economic loss caused by frequent flood disasters poses a great threat to China’s economic prosperity. This study analyzes the driving factors of flood-related economic losses in China. We used the extended Kaya identity to establish a factor decomposition model and the logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition method to identify five flood-related driving effects for economic loss: demographic effect, economic effect, flash flood disaster control effect, capital efficiency effect, and loss-rainfall effect. Among these factors, the flash flood disaster control effect most obviously reduced flood-related economic losses. Considering the weak foundation of flash flood disaster prevention and control in China, non-engineering measures for flash flood prevention and control have been implemented since 2010, achieving remarkable results. Influenced by these measures, the loss-rainfall effect also showed reduction output characteristics. The demographic, economic, and capital efficiency effects showed incremental effect characteristics. China’s current economic growth leads to an increase in flood control pressure, thus explaining the incremental effect of the economic effect. This study discusses the relationship between flood-related economic loss and flash flood disaster prevention and control in China, adding value for the adjustment and formulation of future flood disaster prevention policies.
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A Z Hilali. "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Dynamics of Regional Connectivity: Prospects and Challenges." Strategic Studies 39, no. 4 (February 6, 2020): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.039.04.00100.
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Since 1950, China and Pakistan have enjoyed historic friendly relations. They helped each other during the times of need and have supported each other at various regional and international forums. Currently, they are engaged in building the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which is a component of China’s gigantic economic venture, One Belt, One Road (OBOR). Later termed as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), it is a framework of regional connectivity to enhance geographical linkages and to improve roads, rail networks with frequent and free exchanges of growth while moving towards more optimal business by win-win model. The CPEC, being its flagship project, has the potential to bring incredible financial gains for the BRI countries. In this connection, the South Asian countries and the global community have mixed perception about the project. However, the CPEC is important for regional countries because it will bring socio-economic prosperity and technological advancement. The CPEC will offer China and Pakistan an opportunity to promote regional connectivity, trade growth and infrastructure development. Pakistan views the corridor not only as an infrastructure and economic development programme but a key initiative for the country’s economic prosperity. Nevertheless, China needs to expand its influence in the peripheral neighbourhood, consolidate its global presence and secure future supply routes of energy and trade goods; This will help Pakistan become one of the beneficiaries of the Chinese investment in the region.
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Yu, Jiagen. "Improving potential economic growing rate of china in the new normal based on artificial intelligence with fuzzy integration." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 8389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189660.
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As we know, AI is deeply integrated with all walks of life. While upgrading traditional products and transforming traditional industries, a large number of new products, new industries and new formats have emerged in large numbers, and new industrial space has been further expanded. The potential for steady economic growth remains huge. However, the influence of merelygrowing capital asset and labor force dimension in terms of boosting economic progress has been waning globally. Considering the China’s data panel data outlying areas during 1978–2017 as the research sample, possible economic growing rate of Chinahas been calculated in detail according to the labor-intensive structural time-varying elastic model. It shows a U-shaped development track during 2018–2027, with an average growth rate between 5.00%and 6.00%. There are also great variances in the probable economy growing rates in different regions in China. It shows that relying solely on traditional factors of production to drive potential economic growth, China has been unable to maintain the prosperity of stable development over the past few decades. Based on the experience of typical representative countries, this paper also puts forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions including focusing on a new round of technological revolutions such as big data, new generation AI, 5 G, IOT, cloud computing, robotics, and blockchain to progress economical growing rate of China in the future.
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AMIGHINI, Alessia A., and Peitao JIA. "Equ(al)ity and Community in China after Forty Years of Economic Reform." Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2019.7.1.269-290.
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We suggest a methodology that combines a refined conceptual approach with a theoretically-inspired empirical assessment, to analyse how Sinicised Marxist theory as well as practice has invariably emphasised Marx’s philosophy of history, rather than any version of Marxist egalitarian political philosophy, and therefore developed a culturally distinctive version of Marxism as totalitarian and subsequently authoritarian (rather than democratic) socialism. We argue that Chinese socialism has appropriated and applied socialist ideals to China’s post-cultural-revolution development into an economic reform agenda without political transition. We suggest that China today runs an ethically and politically problematic regime under which the people enjoy neither sufficient social justice nor decent community values. Such lack of equality and community represents a major inherent contradiction of “socialism with Chinese characteristics,” which has to accept and even accommodate increasing inequality to drive future growth. This contradiction also makes the so-called Chinese Dream more one of national aggregate prosperity than a dream for the Chinese people.
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Lee, Young-Suk. "Rethinking the “Yellow Peril”: Charles Pearson’s Views and Related Debates." Asian Review of World Histories 10, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340116.
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Abstract At the end of the nineteenth century, texts and discourses around the world abounded with fear and contempt for Chinese immigrants, specifically contract workers. This outpouring is remembered as talk of a “Yellow Peril.” Charles Pearson introduced the theme (though not its best-known phrase) to the English-speaking world in 1893, with the publication of a bleak manifesto he’d written about the West’s future as he saw it. The present article examines Pearson’s views and the intellectual debates regarding them. A century ago, the international supply of Chinese workers contributed little to China’s prosperity. Today, as a center of consumer goods supply, China contributes to the prosperity of the Western capitalist world while continuing its own rapid economic growth. For this reason, today’s apprehension about China is based on the fear of the emergence of a communist regime as a superpower. In this respect, the current fear of China differs from the “Yellow Peril” discourse of the past. Nevertheless, the discourse may have influenced today’s concerns and apprehensions about China.
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Minhas Majeed Khan and Mirwais Kasi. "Pakistan-China Relations: Developments in Economic and Security Areas in the 21st Century." Strategic Studies 37, no. 3 (October 16, 2017): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.037.03.00209.
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Considering new trends in global politics, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan appreciates the peaceful rise of the Peoples Republic of China. The well-established Pak-China camaraderie entered the 21st century with the new hopes of exploring innovative economic opportunities. The paper examines this relationship based on the interest of both the countries to be vigilant of the emerging regional and global scenario and to come up with appropriate economic and security strategy to meet their common challenges. The prospects of Pak-China relations reveal its significant impact on the global politics in future. This article spotlights the adjustments and the new areas of cooperation, which China and Pakistan explored in their relations. Keeping in mind the belligerent neighbour of Pakistan i.e., India and China’s relationship with India and the US, from the perspective of neorealist school of thought this paper explores the nature of bilateral partnership in the anarchic order of the 21st century and two-pronged promising approach of Pakistan and China. It also seeks to understand whether coordination between the two countries to assure their economic prosperity and security in the 21st century will help in achieving their national interest or not.
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Oliynyk, O. "“Asia-Pacific Dream” – Chinese Regional Integration Project." Problems of World History, no. 14 (June 10, 2021): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-14-5.
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In the 21st century, China has significantly strengthened its role in world historical processes. In 40 years of reform and openness, China has not only become a world leader in economic development, it has also become an active player in the world political arena. China began to show greater interest in world development and at the same time began to actively integrate into the world community, seeking to prove the global benefits of cooperation with China. The Chinese leadership believes that China cannot stand aside from world processes and, like the rest of the world, be held hostage to the policies of other countries and bear the brunt of all the negative consequences of such policies. As a result, it was taken a course for active integration with the world community and strengthening China’s participation and influence in world processes. For this purpose, several strategic strategies have been developed to achieve a specific goal, including “going abroad”, “globalizing”, “internationalizing” and others. At the same time, the strengthening of integration processes in the world could not leave the country’s leadership indifferent, so China began to pay more attention to participation in both global and regional integration processes. One such area was China’s accession to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in 1991. These areas have identified three key aspects of the Asia-Pacific Dream concept: development and economic cohesion, the unification of Asia with an emphasis on harmony, mutual benefit and prosperity in the region. The China Asia-Pacific Dream initiative aims to maintain stable and friendly partnerships with neighboring countries in order to build mutual trust. China has identified a number of common challenges that the parties must address in order to build an Asian community. China hopes to work with its partners to create a beautiful region that will lead the world, benefit all parties and bring prosperity to future generations. In this context, the Chinese leadership has identified a number of areas for development for the Asia-Pacific region.
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Jiang, Haiyan, Slobodan P. Simonovic, Zhongbo Yu, and Weiguang Wang. "What are the main challenges facing the sustainable development of China’s Yangtze economic belt in the future? An integrated view." Environmental Research Communications 3, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 115005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac35bd.
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Abstract Interactions among human and natural systems are fundamental to many issues facing today’s sustainable development. Yangtze Economic Belt (hereafter Belt), one of the most dynamic regions in China, is of no exception. The economic prosperity of the Belt, however, comes at the price of ecological and environmental degradation, which poses severe challenges to its sustainable development. This paper describes the application of the ANEMI_Yangtze system dynamics model, aiming at identifying the main challenges facing the Belt and the potential way out towards its sustainable development. Three scenarios are proposed to (i) explore the potential impacts of climate change; (ii) examine how changes in birth control policy affect population dynamics and the natural-environmental systems; and (iii) investigate how policies aimed at improving the eco-environment conditions affect the Belt. Results show that a moderate rise in temperature is beneficial to the Belt’s economy and energy-food-water systems, but further temperature rise is harmful. Population in the Belt peaks around 2030, 2080, and 2100 under one-child, two-child, and three-child policies, respectively. Suppose no major changes in economic, technological, and policy developments are introduced. In that case, the Belt may face a serious energy deficit ranging from 10 to 17 billion tce. A food self-sufficiency ratio will fall from around 0.7 to 0.39 by 2100 as the country’s birth control policy loosens. Water scarcity occurs if surface water is considered as the only supply and this situation becomes even more serious when water pollution effects are considered. However, water stress will be greatly allievated if groundwater and wastewater reuse are introduced. The policy of increasing nutrient removal efficiency can save million lives. Finally, our results also suggest that the recently introduced 10-year fishing ban policy can not prevent the Yangtze fish stock from depletion in the long run.
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Su, Yun, Jia He, Xiuqi Fang, and Jingchao Teng. "Transmission pathways of China’s historical climate change impacts based on a food security framework." Holocene 28, no. 10 (June 26, 2018): 1564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618782600.
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There are still many uncertainties about how climate change affects the development of human society. The impact of climate change is likely to be weakened or amplified by the response and adaptation of the reciprocal feedback process after entering the socio-economical subsystem. The study of the climate change impact processes is the basis for understanding the mechanisms of climate change impacts. Furthermore, long-term research of climate change impacts can provide historical similarity and experience for current or future adaptation of climate change. Ancient China was traditionally an agricultural country. Its food production safety, food supply safety, and food consumption safety reflect the impacts of climate change being transferred from a production subsystem to a population subsystem to an economic subsystem. Based on a conceptual framework of food security, we selected 10-year resolution sequences of grain harvest grades, famine indices, and economic levels in China over the past 2000 years (206 BC–AD 1911) to quantify and recognize the main transmission pathways of climate change impacts during cold and warm units of climate change. Our results were as follows: (1) according to the transmission relationship climate change → grain harvests → famines → economic levels, there are 16 main transmission pathways, including 10 pathways starting from cold units and 6 pathways starting from warm units. (2) The main pathway is dominated by natural factors and socio-economic factors, with each factor set accounting for approximately 50%. However, the probability of the main pathways with socio-economic influence leading toward negative developments was 60% for cold units, and the probability of the main pathways with socio-economic influence leading toward positive developments was 66.7% for warm units. According to the main pathway led by natural factors, of all transmission pathways in cold units (100%), 14.7% of the depressed economy may be more directly related to climate change. However, 32.3% of the prosperous economy may have a more direct relationship with climate change in warm units (100%). (3) Famine is the most important link in the climate change influence on transmission chains regulated by socio-economic factors. Famine reflects both poor harvests due to the natural production subsystem and a lack of grain allocation by the socio-economic subsystem or the government’s ability to eliminate famine. Thus, there may be another pathway of transmission, such as climate change → agricultural yield/grain production → economic prosperity → famine relief (social vulnerability).
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Lui, Tai-Lok. "The unfinished chapter of Hong Kong’s long political transition." Critique of Anthropology 40, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20908304.
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In hindsight, that the institutional framework of ‘One Country, Two Systems’ (OCTS), the political and socio-economic blueprint for ensuring the continuity of Hong Kong as a capitalist economy, with guarantees of freedom of speech and a high degree of autonomy from China’s socialist and authoritarian rule after a change of sovereignty in 1997, gets caught in political crossfire is inevitable. OCTS was a historical compromise in the early 1980s when the deadlock of Hong Kong’s uncertain political future was resolved by finding a way to convince all the concerned parties that the colony’s prosperity and stability would be guaranteed after a change in its political status. But the premises and parameters of the pact have significantly changed since the signing of the Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong by China and Britain in 1984. The storm over the Extradition Bill has its roots in the fissures inherent in the institutional framework of OCTS. This paper is an attempt to analyse social protests arising from the Extradition Bill in Hong Kong in 2019 in the light of the former British colony’s extended political transition.
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Khvan, Maria Sergeyevna. "Brazilian Foreign Policy under Jair Bolsonaro." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2020.11.14.
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The paper focuses on the analysis of Brazilian for-eign policy under Jair Bolsonaro since his inaugura-tion as president in January 2019 up to the present moment. This study examines Jair Bolsonaro’s per-sonality and the influence of Brazilian president’s certain character traits on foreign policy decisions. The author concludes that Jair Bolsonaro has won presidential election in autumn 2018 largely due to disenchantment of Brazilians with socially oriented public policy. Due to the fact that Jair Bolsonaro adheres to the right-wing radical views, thinks of himself as anti-globalist and advocates the devel-opment of bilateral relations at the expense of multi-lateral ones, even before he came to power re-searchers and political experts had predicted Brazil’s rapprochement with the USA, Italy and Israel, a cold snap in bilateral relations with China, a coming rup-ture in relations with Cuba and Venezuela and Bra-zil’s withdrawal from the UN, the OAS, Mercosur, UNASUR and the BRICS. Reality, however, turned out to be much more challenging and the forecasts of political experts came true only partially. Since from the very beginning J. Bolsonaro was supported by such various groups as the military, evangelicals, representatives of agribusiness, economists, they often suggested to him absolutely contradictory foreign policy decisions. As a result, almost any step in the international arena was replaced by a retreat: criticism of China's expansion was followed by the signing of economic agreements with him, after the announcement of the intention to move the embas-sy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, followed by visits to Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the UAE. Although J. Bolsonaro criticized multilateral diplomacy, he achieved the signing of agreements between Mer-cosur and the EU, Mercosur and EFTA. Nevertheless, the President of Brazil has invariably adhered to the course of automatic alignment with the United States and developed relations mainly with regimes close to him in ideology. It is difficult to judge how correct this strategy was, but in the future the Brazil-ian government must first of all be guided by the interests of the country, remember the need for its autonomy and economic prosperity.
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Tahirović, Husnija. "The importance of improving free trade in developing countries." Ekonomski izazovi 9, no. 17 (2020): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekoizazov2017028t.
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The subject of this research is a scientific contribution to the promotion of free trade in underdeveloped countries and developing countries, both in theoretical and practical terms. Bearing in mind that the world trade is a young scientific area that has evolved from skill through the methodology of dealing with people in organizations to forms as professions and scientific discipline. Experience shows that developing countries that have understood this and started using scientific achievements in the field of international trade business and free trade, have in practice achieved far faster development than other underdeveloped countries. The promotion of free trade in developing countries is more decades in the circles of interest for numerous economic theorists and practitioners, bearing in mind the fact that free trade is the first-rate factors of the economic development of each country. This paper presents a contribution to the analysis of the competitiveness of free trade in developing countries and persistent analysis compared to developed countries. The paper points to the importance of membership in the World Trade Organization, which entails access to the market, benefits, relief and exemption from customs duties. The starting assumption is that the competitiveness of the economy of countries that are underdeveloped or in development is at a very low level. Therefore, an increase in competition between undeveloped countries would be conditional on an increase in exports and thus developed a more favorable environment for attracting foreign direct investments. This is why the basic message of this scientific research paper is that, with cooperation with international monetary, financial and trade institutions, allow developing countries to open their markets and seize the benefits of engaging in international trade flows . Therefore, on the work of the paper a special emphasis is placed on cooperation with the World Trade Organization, the WTO. The theoretical and empirical foundation of this scientific and research work stems from the realization that investments in the development of free trade are an increasingly significant factor of growth and development of each economy. The experience shows that countries that save on these activities are the ones who are working too little for their present and not for their future. The lack of investment in the promotion of free trade is reduced in the final instance to poverty in the quality of economic development. And the quality of planting and future economic growth is based on programmed production, redistribution and allocation of quality scientific programs with calculated effects on labour productivity, savings and prosperity. Investing in improvement and cooperation with international trade institutions of the current and future leaders of undeveloped countries provides answers to evolving challenges. Improving foreign trade is one of the most cost-effective investments of an underdeveloped state. Knowledge and expertise in the field of foreign trade are the fundamental determiners of the development of the most solemn, the vreiority and the quality of human life in these countries. The entire future of one country is based on science, education and knowledge that liberate the social, economic and cultural difference.Chinese foreign direct investment in the world has long and successful tradition. Over the past decade, China has become one of the largest exporters of foreign investment in the world, including European countries. China's investment in Europe brings a number of benefits in terms of technology, know-how, improving the reputation of existing brands, establishing a logistical market in the European market. Looking from the viewpoint of the host countries, the inflow of Chinese investments brought new economic opportunities, especially in those European countries that had poor economic growth, faced with high unemployment after the Euro crisis. This paper presents global trends of Chinese foreign direct investment, the motives that have prompted Chinese investors to invest in European countries, the needs of the EU for Chinese investment, and good example of attracting Chinese investments in Serbia.
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Ten Brink, Tobias. "Paradoxes of Prosperity in China's New Capitalism." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 42, no. 4 (December 2013): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261304200402.
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This article gives a broad characterization of China's political economy, as well as specific aspects of its socio-economic instabilities. With a focus on China's export-oriented industry sectors, concepts from comparative and international political economy are applied to show how the Chinese economy can be understood as a variegated form of state-permeated capitalism that at the same time is deeply integrated into world economic processes. The article goes on to portray the socio-economic dynamics, as well as the instabilities of China's new capitalism, that are at the root of the state leadership's attempts to turn away from a one-sided model of export and investment-driven growth. Thereby, a number of obstacles are revealed for the “rebalancing” of the economy: a continued dependence on exports, a lack of domestic consumer demand which impedes a significant “social” upgrading, the ongoing low-wage model for which there is no end in sight, the limits of the state's steering capacity and the weaknesses of its fragmented, competition-driven structure.
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Jinglian, Wu. "On China's economic future." Journal of Asian Economics 8, no. 4 (September 1997): 605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-0078(97)90034-8.
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Keng, C. W. Kenneth. "China's Future Economic Regionalization." Journal of Contemporary China 10, no. 29 (November 2001): 587–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10670560120075028.
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Roberts, Mark, Uwe Deichmann, Bernard Fingleton, and Tuo Shi. "Evaluating China's road to prosperity: A new economic geography approach." Regional Science and Urban Economics 42, no. 4 (July 2012): 580–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2012.01.003.
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Jefferson, Gary H. "China's economic future: A discussion paper." Journal of Asian Economics 8, no. 4 (September 1997): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-0078(97)90032-4.
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Perkinsc, Dwight. "Transcribed remarks on China's economic future." Journal of Asian Economics 8, no. 4 (September 1997): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-0078(97)90036-1.
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NI, FANYI. "Research on the Focus of Debate and Reform Direction of Housing Provident Fund System Based on Common Prosperity." Theory and Practice of Social Science 4, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6914/tpss.040305.
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After more than 30 years of development, the housing provident fund system has made remarkable achievements. As an important part of China's social security system, it has gradually become the focus and hot spot of hundreds of millions of workers across the country. With the continuous acceleration of China's economic development and the leap forward improvement of people's living standards, housing provident fund management departments at all levels have done a lot of work in order to meet the housing needs of the majority of employees, around the improvement of the system, give full play to the role of institutional housing security, and strive to improve the housing consumption capacity of the majority of employees. Building a well-established housing provident fund system is not only the responsibility of the housing provident fund management departments at all levels, but also the due meaning of realizing the great goal of common prosperity of the whole nation. This paper will take "common prosperity" as the research background, take the current development status of China's housing provident fund system as the research subject, explore the disputes and deficiencies of China's housing provident fund system under the background of common prosperity, and put forward some feasible reform suggestions to promote the higher quality development of housing provident fund.
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Bowles, Paul, Congress of United States Joint Economic Committee, Gerd Schienstock, Paul Thompson, and Franz Traxler. "China's Economic Future: Challenges to U.S. Policy." Pacific Affairs 72, no. 2 (1999): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2672127.
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PERKINS, Dwight H. "China's Recent Economic Performance and Future Prospects*." Asian Economic Policy Review 1, no. 1 (June 2006): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-3131.2006.00002.x.
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Mushkat, Miron. "Economic Reform, Discontinuous Change and China's Future." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 2, no. 2 (2003): 255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156915003322763584.
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AbstractThe Chinese economy has undergone a significant transformation in the last quarter of a century. The restructuring of economic institutions has attracted considerable academic attention and has spawned a substantial number of scholarly investigations. The voluminous literature that has emerged nevertheless contains some fundamental gaps and is not entirely balanced. Some recent studies have challenged the assumptions upon which the entire edifice rests and have painted a far more cautious picture of the economy and political system in the coming years. This picture, in turn, needs to be extended, refined and, if possible, at least partially validated.
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Fan, Zifu, Ya Gong, and Youpeng Tao. "Research on the measurement of China's common prosperity development level and the characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution." BCP Business & Management 29 (October 12, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v29i.2169.
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Combined with the connotation and extension of common prosperity, the evaluation index system of common prosperity development in China is constructed, the index data of 30 provinces and cities (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Tibet) from 2013 to 2019 are collected and sorted out, and the entropy value method is used to calculate the development index of common prosperity in China, so as to quantify the development level of common prosperity in China, and the difference coefficient method and the Moran index are used to further reveal the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of China's common prosperity development, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the problem deficiencies. The study found that the overall and regional common prosperity development in China continues to improve, economic development, innovative development, green development, common development, public services as a whole to maintain a steady improvement, but still have growth potential; the uneven distribution of innovation development level and common development level is the main manifestation of the development gap of common prosperity among regions, that is, technological innovation and the gap between citizens, regions, and urban and rural areas are the main sources of unbalanced development of common prosperity among regions; the development of common prosperity between regions shows a significant spatial aggregation effect, but the level of focus is low. The capacity for coordinated development of common prosperity among different regions needs to be further strengthened.
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Zha, Daojiong. "China's Economic Diplomacy: Focusing on the Asia-Pacific Region." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 01, no. 01 (April 2015): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740015500050.
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Of all the major activities and initiatives by the fifth-generation Chinese leadership, formally inaugurated in 2012, those relating to the Asia-Pacific region are the most noteworthy. The past two years witnessed the Chinese leadership enunciating a "Chinese Dream" vision for the nation and offering to share the prospects of prosperity and stability with the entire Asia-Pacific region and beyond. The leadership also adopted a "new normal" mode, aimed at stabilizing domestic economic growth and improving its quality. By way of establishing and expanding free trade zones, China demonstrates its commitment to liberalization. The spate of free trade agreements concluded with U.S. security allies, in addition to a commitment to expedite conclusion of a bilateral investment treaty with the U.S., points to China's separation of rules-based trade/investment management from concerns about geostrategic denial. Chinese initiation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and integration with economies along a "Silk Road Economic Belt" and a "Twenty-first-Century Maritime Silk Road" are bold yet challenging. At the same time, other Chinese economic diplomacy initiatives have yet to win broad-based support. Nevertheless, in its totality, China is not seeking to rewrite established rules of world economic governance.
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Carter, Anne, Gary Jefferson, and Peter Petri. "Introduction to the symposium on China's economic future." Journal of Asian Economics 8, no. 4 (September 1997): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-0078(97)90031-2.
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Meaney, Constance Squires. "Is the Soviet Present China's Future?" World Politics 39, no. 2 (January 1987): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010440.
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In the late 1960s and early 1970s, scholars in the fields of Soviet politics and comparative communism began to reexamine the political and social character of the Soviet Union and Soviet-type regimes in the wake of more than a decade of de-Stalinization. They questioned the validity of the totalitarian model (at least in its more rigid forms) that suggested a static image of politics and society in communist systems, and proposed concepts more cognizant of the dynamic nature of these systems. A prominent theme in much of this literature was that social differentiation resulting from economic development and the emergence of modern industrial society would prove incompatible with continued dictatorial rule by a “vanguard party” following a militant, Utopian ideology. In particular, the rise of a large elite stratum of skilled technical and professional personnel was expected to militate against the long-term viability of a revolutionary regime. Analysts proposed that, under pressure from this group, whose contributions are indispensable to economic growth and development, the party leadership would eventually be compelled to abandon radical social and economic restructuring through revolutions from above in favor of more legal-rational modes of operation, and see its own role as the balancer of the various interests typical of a modern society.
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Hu, Leming. "The integration between and common prosperity of government and market: China's experience of economic development." China Political Economy 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-10-2020-0019.
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PurposeThe relationship between government and market is the key to the economic development performance of market economy countries. Due to the limits such as the state/market dichotomy, the focus on static allocation efficiency and the ignorance of the diversity of the market economy and the relationship between government and market, economic liberalism and state interventionism can hardly position and explain the role and evolution of government and market in the real world accurately.Design/methodology/approachChina’s economic transition has always adhered to the reform direction of the socialist market economy and the development goal of a modern socialist country as well as the symbiosis and positive and progressive evolution of government and market, blazing a “third way” in handling the relationship between government and market.FindingsThe “China’s experience” shows that the key for emerging market economies to achieve good economic development performance lies in whether they can build a new relationship of the mutual integration between and common prosperity of government and market regarding target selection, production organisation, technological innovation, institutional change and regulatory adjustment.Originality/valueThe second part of this paper analyses the inherent defects of economic liberalism and state interventionism as well as the reasons why they can hardly be adopted as the theoretical guidance for emerging market economies to handle the relationship between government and market. The third part analyses how China has transcended the inherent thinking of liberalism and interventionism and shaped the new relationship between government and market through goal-oriented, active and progressive, two-way interactive exploration and practice to ensure the success of China's economic transition.
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Barton, Tina. "Conditions for economic prosperity: transforming residential neighbourhoods." Papers in Canadian Economic Development 17 (September 16, 2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v17i0.77.
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In every city there are stories of neighbourhood successes and failures. Why do some neighbourhoods excel at attracting and sustaining economic activity, whereas others fail? What conditions would best assist a neighbourhood in enhancing its economic prosperity? This paper examines the connection between transit-oriented development and economic impact, with a comparison of bus versus light-rail transit implications. “Complete streets” and mixed-use models of development, evolving lifestyle preferences, and related opportunities for community economic development are explored. Communities, municipalities and neighbourhood business associations can draw upon these models, practices and strategic considerations to guide their planning for future economic success.Keywords: Suburban economic development, neighbourhood revitalization, transit-oriented development, mixed-use neighbourhoods, community placemaking
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YU, Yongding. "Comment on "China's Recent Economic Performance and Future Prospects"." Asian Economic Policy Review 1, no. 1 (June 2006): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-3131.2006.00003.x.
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KOJIMA, Tomoyuki. "Comment on "China's Recent Economic Performance and Future Prospects"." Asian Economic Policy Review 1, no. 1 (June 2006): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-3131.2006.00004.x.
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Cui, Yuji. "Effects of Climate Change on Future Chinese Economic." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 9 (September 21, 2022): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i9.2121.
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This article explains the future development direction of China's manufacturing industry under the current global climate change and the importance of environmental protection technology to economic development, with a focus on the metallurgical industry.
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Anshu, Shi, François Lachapelle, and Matthew Galway. "The recasting of Chinese socialism: The Chinese New Left since 2000." China Information 32, no. 1 (March 2018): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x18760416.
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In post-Mao China, a group of Chinese intellectuals who formed what became the New Left (新左派) sought to renew socialism in China in a context of globalization and the rise of social inequalities they associated with neo-liberalism. As they saw it, China’s market reform and opening to the world had not brought greater equality and prosperity for all Chinese citizens. As part of China Information’s research dialogue on the intellectual public sphere in China, this article provides a historical survey of the development of the contemporary Chinese New Left, exploring the range of ideas that characterized this intellectual movement. It takes as its focus four of the most prominent New Left figures and their positions in the ongoing debate about China’s future: Wang Shaoguang, Cui Zhiyuan, Wang Hui, and Gan Yang.
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Asuquo, Offiong Offiong. "Pentecostalism and Development: The Role and Prospects of Prosperity Gospel in the Socio-Economic Development of Nigeria." PREDESTINASI 13, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/predestinasi.v13i1.19324.
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The prosperity gospel is a popular doctrine that is taught and practised by many Pentecostal churches in Nigeria. It has enhanced and improved the financial status of many Pentecostal churches thereby enabling them to carry out several projects which have enhanced the socio-economic wellbeing of many people. Such projects include the establishment of schools, universities, printing presses, financial empowerment of members, provision of welfare packages and care for the needy. This paper highlights the meanings of Pentecostalism, prosperity gospel and development. It also attempts to explain how prosperity gospel, in the context of some Pentecostal churches- Living Faith Church (Winners Chapel) and Christian Central Chapel International, among others, have contributed to the socio-economic wellbeing of many. However, this paper acknowledges that there is room for an improvement and expansion of the contributions of prosperity gospel to development in the future. Hence suggestions are given on how to harness, improve and expand the benefits of the prosperity gospel in Nigerian society in the future.
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Wang, Jianliang, Lianyong Feng, and Gail E. Tverberg. "An analysis of China's coal supply and its impact on China's future economic growth." Energy Policy 57 (June 2013): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.02.034.
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Lu, Ruoxin, Chang Dong, and Zhaozhen Lu. "Identification of economic risks in international trade based on RF-Gini coefficients Research." BCP Business & Management 33 (November 20, 2022): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v33i.2738.
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The rapid development of economic globalization objectively promotes the prosperity of international trade, which brings challenges and opportunities for China's economic construction. Based on China's macroeconomic data and foreign trade data, this paper uses the random forest (RF) regression algorithm for training and optimizes iterations for different step sizes by adjusting the number of decision trees to obtain the model with the best fit, and later investigates the strength of each factor's influence on international trade through the Gini coefficient. The results show that the exchange rate (0.128), the Engel coefficient of residential households (0.128), and the consumer price index (0.128) have a greater impact on the international trade economy. Thus, to maximize the stability of international trade risks, the state needs to control the inflation rate, focus on the efficient and coordinated development of the country's internal economy, and work to ensure that the nation has the basic consumption capacity, consumption needs, and create a favorable consumption environment.
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Zhu, Xiaodong. "Understanding China's Growth: Past, Present, and Future." Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.4.103.
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The pace and scale of China's economic transformation have no historical precedent. In 1978, China was one of the poorest countries in the world. The real per capita GDP in China was only one-fortieth of the U.S. level and one-tenth the Brazilian level. Since then, China's real per capita GDP has grown at an average rate exceeding 8 percent per year. As a result, China's real per capita GDP is now almost one-fifth the U.S. level and at the same level as Brazil. This rapid and sustained improvement in average living standard has occurred in a country with more than 20 percent of the world's population so that China is now the second-largest economy in the world. I will begin by discussing briefly China's historical growth performance from 1800 to 1950. I then present growth accounting results for the period from 1952 to 1978 and the period since 1978, decomposing the sources of growth into capital deepening, labor deepening, and productivity growth. But the main focus of this paper will be to examine the sources of growth since 1978, the year when China started economic reform. Perhaps surprisingly, given China's well-documented sky-high rates of saving and investment, I will argue that China's rapid growth over the last three decades has been driven by productivity growth rather than by capital investment. I also examine the contributions of sector-level productivity growth, and of resource reallocation across sectors and across firms within a sector, to aggregate productivity growth. Overall, gradual and persistent institutional change and policy reforms that have reduced distortions and improved economic incentives are the main reasons for the productivity growth.
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Akhter, Muhammad Nauman. "Understanding India and China in South Asia." Global International Relations Review V, no. II (June 30, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-ii).01.
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India is often recognized as a powerful country, but a careful study brings to the light that China has a more favorable position vis-à-vis India in South Asia. Many reasons can be put in favor of this argument.First, South Asian countries view China as a more reliable partner in the region in the long run. China's card could always help South Asian countries to evade the overwhelming Indian influence. Second, a closer pee pinto India's South Asian policy reveals that it has improved the economic interdependence, trade and regional connectivity since 1991. But China holds the position of preeminence in political and economic affairs and has more to lure Indian neighbors away from the Indian sphere of influence. Third, South Asian countries also look at China's global position as an opportunity for their prosperity
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FREYER, Eckhard. "EU-BREXIT-CEE-UKRAINE: EUROPE’S HEALTHIER FUTURE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY 19, Vol 19, No 3 (2020) (September 2020): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2020.03.423.
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The horrors of WWII changed history and created a better Europe based on a Common market as an essential signal of unity among the EU member states. Now generations have grown up in peace and growing prosperity. However, a decade ago, ECB/EU had to overcome the EU-euro-financial crisis and now Brexit. In addition, Covid19 crisis brings many pressing problems, as the Coronavirus pandemic is likely to result in Europe/Germany’s largest economic downturn in the last seven decades. Loss of prosperity, des-integration in the European Union could escalate further. Even in academic and scientific institutions and in European research networks difficulties are relevant. Can we overcome Brexit / Corona and create a healthy Europe that is a global socioeconomic leader? Based on our Cultural Heritage across Europe we must look further than Brexit, and even more seek solutions to the Ukrainian conflict.
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Vaslavskiy, Yan, and Irina Vaslavskaya. "The Post-COVID-19 Future: State Capability in Ensuring Shared Prosperity." Jurnal Institutions and Economies 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijie.vol14no1.2.
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The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused profound upheavals in national communities, from humanitarian disasters to unprecedented economic downturns. All the consequences of COVID-19 have made it necessary to understand the reasons for state inefficiency and its traditional functions of ensuring economic balance and financial stability in the period before COVID-19. In fact, inefficiency is a fundamental problem of modern socioeconomic systems. Only a violation of societal integrity can explain why economic isolation and social distancing managed to instantly destroy economic structures, cause a loss in confidence in governments by citizens and increase the potential for protest against the extraordinary actions of nation-states in the fight against COVID-19. At the end of 2020, there was universal agreement about a fundamentally uncertain post-COVID-19 reality. Many progressive specialists have expressed the opinion that the degree of future socioeconomic progress directly depends on the abilities of policymakers to prioritise societal integrity in solving economic problems and achieving the goal of shared prosperity in the future
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Montinola, Gabriella, Yingyi Qian, and Barry R. Weingast. "Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China." World Politics 48, no. 1 (October 1995): 50–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.1995.0003.
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China's remarkable economic success rests on a foundation of political reform providing a considerable degree of credible commitment to markets. This reform reflects a special type of institutionalized decentralization that the authors call “federalism, Chinese style.” This form of decentralization has three consequences. First, it fosters competition, not only in product markets, but also among local governments for labor and foreign capital. This competition, in turn, encourages local government experimentation and learning with new forms of enterprises, regulation, and economic relationships. Second, it provides incentives for local governments to promote local economic prosperity. Finally, it provides a significant amount of protection to local governments and their enterprises from political intrusion by the central government.