Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chimie – Essais et réactifs – Surveillance'
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Chikh, Maïssane. "Réactosurveillance en santé animale en France : état des lieux et améliorations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10321.
Full textLaboratory reagent surveillance is the monitoring of incidents and risks of incidents resulting from the use of laboratory reagents. It aims to detect potential failures of analytical methods in laboratories as well as performance defects of reagents, which can lead to an increase in false positives (lack of specificity) and false negatives (lack of sensitivity), potentially responsible for economic losses or delays in epidemic detection. In this context, we evaluated the French laboratory reagent surveillance system focusing on five ruminant diseases: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), brucellosis, hypodermosis, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), and enzootic bovine leukosis, using OASIS, a surveillance system evaluation tool. Among the main strengths are the monitoring of reagent performance by laboratories and the expertise of various stakeholders. The main limitations were the absence of formalized bodies with defined roles for decision-making and coordination, the lack of reporting and follow-up procedures, and poor feedback to certain actors. To improve the system, a new organization is recommended. Additionally, an overview of reagent surveillance practices in Europe was conducted. To support the existing system, the feasibility of a complementary mechanism is being studied for IBR. It would be based on anomaly detection algorithms applied to prophylaxis data from the ministry and analytical laboratories to quickly identify reagent failures or outbreaks
Le, Goanvic David. "Synthèse de ligands de type pyridylalcool et leurs applications dans des réactions stéréocontrôlées." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13052.
Full textThe synthesis of pyridylalcohol ligands and their applications in stereocontroled reactions constitue the subject of this thesis. Initially, we synthesized and used C2-symmetric chiral pyridines to develop chiral halogenation reagents, similar to salts of bis(sym-collidine)iodonium where iodide atom is stabilized by these two chiral bases. Such reagents should have been able to distinguish the enantiotopic faces from alkenes and thus to carry out assymmetric additions. However, the use of these different ligands in the iodolactonisation reaction didn't led to the product with a satisfactory optical activity. Wishing to explore others applications for these amino alcohol ligands, we undertook to examine their interest in enantioselective addition of dialkylzinc to aldehydes. These ligands proved to be effective catalysts for this reaction with ee going up 95% in the case of the g-pyridyl alcohol derived from L-(-)-menthone. Structural modifications brought to this ligand provided insights for the design of efficient new g-amino alcohols catalysts. Synthesis of pyridylalcohol ligands and their applications in stereocontroled reactions
Servières, Corinne. "Modélisation et vérification orientées objet pour les systèmes réactifs." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT069H.
Full textZeggaf, Choukri. "Nouvelles applications du chloroformiate d'isopropényle dans la chimie des amino acides." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20059.
Full textRieux, Catherine. "Préparation et mécanisme d'action de nouveaux réactifs homogènes en fluoration : fluoration par échange d'halogène en série aromatique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30075.
Full textCarteron, Michel. "Transformation fonctionnelle de diols vicinaux par utilisation de réactifs organophosphorés : 1,3,2"lambda"5-dioxaphospholanes - synthèse et réactivité." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20073.
Full textVandamme, Mathilde. "Utilisation du XtalFluor en synthèse organique et développement de réactifs de fluoration électrophile." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27930.
Full textThe improvement of synthetic methodologies, either reactions or reagents, continually retains the interest of chemists. This is particularly true for fluorinated molecules, which occupy a significant place in pharmaceutical chemistry, agrochemistry, and material sciences. To this end, OmegaChem recently commercialized two nucleophilic fluorinating reagents allowing the deoxofluorination of alcohols, ketones and carboxylic acids into alkyl fluorides, difluoromethylenes and acyl fluorides, respectively. These are diethylaminodifluorosulfinium tetrafluoroborate and morpholinodifluorosulfinium tetrafluoroborate, named XtalFluor-E and XtalFluor-M. They possess an activating power, but an exogenous source of fluoride is required to perform deoxofluorination reactions. Because of their ease of handle and low cost, it was advantageous to use this new class of reagents in other fluorination reactions, but also in transformations requiring an activating agent. As part of this thesis, various reactions involving XtalFluor-E have been developed. Isocyanides could be synthesized from formamides and then involved in multi-component reactions. In the same way, a method allowing the formation of nitriles from primary amides or aldoximes has been developed. Perfluorinated esters have been also synthesized, from carboxylic acids and various perfluorinated alcohols. Finally, an eliminative deoxofluorination allowed the formation of cyclic monofluoroalkenes. The second part of the project focused on electrophilic fluorination. In this case, the substrate behaves as the nucleophile whereas the fluorine atom is delivered as an electrophile. Given the limitations of the current reagents (commercial availability, solubility in organic solvents, reactivity, etc.), the objective is to develop new electrophilic fluorine sources that can address these issues. More particularly, N-fluorosquaramides derivatives were briefly investigated.
Geneste, Hervé. "Métallation assistée par groupement voisin et application à la synthèse de produits biologiquement actifs." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20149.
Full textAchmad, Sadijah. "Nouvelles stratégies permettant l'accès aux petits cyclopeptides." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20156.
Full textRamarohetra, Myriam. "L'arsenic en synthèse organique : une nouvelle méthode de synthèse de sels de pentamethinium par action de tris (dialkylamino) arsanes sur des sels de pyrylium." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30257.
Full textChestier, Nathalie. "Études de l'internalisation intraerythrocytaire d'une molécule cytotoxique et d'immunomodulateurs : caractérisation des vecteurs et analyses de l'efficacité et des effets in vitro et in vivo." Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR4012.
Full textGratias, Ghislaine. "La gestion des réactifs au service de la qualité." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P007.
Full textJouanin, Isabelle. "Synthèse et réactivité de diylures de diaminophosphonium." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20051.
Full textHervet, Maud. "Réactions d'arylation et d'hétéroarylation métallo-catalysées en séries imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine et imidazo[1,2-β]pyridazine." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3803.
Full textAs part of our on-going efforts to study the reactivity and pharmacological properties of bridgehead nitrogen heterocycles developped in our laboratory, we turned out our attention to new methods of arylation and heteroarylation reactions of imidazoazines. In order to realize this study, we investigated the metallo-catalyzed cross-coupling between aryl halides or sulfonates and organometallic compounds which constitute the most powerful C(sp²)-C(sp²) bond-forming reactions. We chose to study four cross-coupling reactions which are widely used in organic chemistry : Suzuki, Kumada, Negishi and Stille. In each case, the two possible ways of functionalization were investigated, from the halogenoimidazoazine or its corresponding organometallic derivative. Our initial forays was the investigation of reactivity of 3 and 6 positions of imidazo[1,2-α]pyridines and imidazo[1,2-β]pyridazines toward the Suzuki-type reaction. Then, each coupling method was applied on the 3 and 6 positions of imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine in order to establish optimal conditions of functionnalization
Naharisoa, Hanitra. "Synthèse peptidique en phase solide sur support polyacrylique : utilisation du milieu aqueux lors des déprotections et neutralisations." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20072.
Full textKaewprasit, Chongrak. "Contribution a l'estimation de la surface specifique des fibres de coton : relations entre surface et proprietes physiques." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20099.
Full textBenoit, Emmanuelle. "Étude analytique d'un réactif de transparisation du lait et des produits laitiers." Nancy 1, 1989. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1989_0041_BENOIT.pdf.
Full textBrondani, Dalci José. "Nouveaux réactifs de trialcoxysilylation. Utilisation pour la synthèse de précurseurs de composés hypervalents et de polymères et matériaux hybrides organominéraux." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20027.
Full textBayh, Omar. "Nouvelle méthode de fonctionnalisation d'hétérocycles et des composés benzéniques par voie organimétallique : déprotonations par des magnésiates, réactions avec des électrophiles et couplages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rouen, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0010.
Full textThis present work reports the development of a novel versatile aromatic functionnalization methodology based upon deprotonation with magnesiate bases (lithium alkyl- and /or amidomagnesiates) at room temperature, currently poorly studied and the use of the novel arylmagnesiates complexes formed as nucleophilic agents and organometallic partners in the cross-coupling reaction. The deprotonation of the five-membered heterocycles (furan, thiophene, benzoxazole and oxazole) was first successfully accomplished using mainly Bu3MgLi as base. The arylmagnesiates thus obtained, including the expected ring-opened magnesiate complexes obtained from deprotonation of benzoxazole and oxazole, proved to be effective in several reactions as deuteration, halogenation, silylation and nucleophilic addition on aromatic aldehydes leading to the corresponding substituted heterocycles. Futhermore the heteroarylmagnesiates complexes revealed to be efficient in cross-coupling reaction with bromo(hetero)aromatics catalyzed by PdCl2(dppf). In a second part, works were directed toward the study of the ortho-functionnalization of benzene derivatives. Thus, the deprotonation of oxazolyl-, carboxamido-, pivaloylamino- and methoxybenzenes as well as benzene sulfoxyde was achieved using mainly (di)lithium tri(tetra)magnesiate bases. The arylmagnesiates complexes showed a good nucleophilic reactivity toward deuterative, halogenative and silylative agents and methyloxirane whereas reactions with aromatic aldehydes occurred in more moderate yields due to two side processes, addition of a butyle group and reduction of the aldehyde function. The arylmagnesiates excepted from benzene sulfoxyde could be coupled with bromo(hetero)aromatics under PdCl2(dppf)-catalysis. In summary, the novel aromatic functionnalization based upon the use of magnesiate bases proved to be particularly efficient and represents many advantages compared to classical methods such as metalation at room temperature for direct industrial application as well as the use of a new class of organometallic reagents possessing a good nucleophilic reactivity and directly valuable in the transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction
Sabil, Samia. "Stratégies dans l'élaboration et la cyclisation de précurseurs de cyclodepsipeptides naturels de la famille des destruxines." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20032.
Full textKutudila, Pricilia. "Structure et réactivité des triarylbismuths : approche théorique et expérimentale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1123/document.
Full textTriarylbismuths are organometallic reagents of growing interest for organic synthesis, for their ability to transfer the three aryl moieties in C-C Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions. These essentially non-toxic, atom efficient reactants are attractive in the context of environment-friendly chemistry and have applications in pharmaceutical chemistry and in material science. However, their development is hampered by lack of theoretical understanding. This thesis aims to explore the reactivity of these species by comparing the experimental data to fundamental theoretical studies (structural, spectroscopic, thermodynamic and kinetic properties) resulting from DFT calculations. The ultimate goal is to predict new reactivities and selectivities. A first approach consists in a comparative study on the relation between structure and properties in compounds having a pnictogen central atom like bismuth, and in different organobismuths. The existing experimental data (crystallographic, NMR, IR) were compared to the results of theoretical calculations (structures, energies, vibrational modes, reactivity parameters, etc.). After highlighting the intrinsic properties of these compounds and validating the DFT method, a new study was undertaken to elucidate the relations between structure and reactivity. This second investigation enabled us to validate the mechanism of the cross-coupling reaction involving triarylbismuths under palladium catalysis. The three major steps of the catalytic cycle have been examined, i.e. the oxidative addition, transmetallation and reductive elimination, and validated by characterizing the different intermediates and transition states. The second transmetalation step involving the triarylbismuths has also been deeply investigated. The transferability of the three aryl groups and the influence of the electronic and steric effects of the substituents on the energy barrier have been evaluated. Finally, the reactivity of triarylbismuths has been compared with that of other organometallics, to develop new synthetic approaches
Bayh, Omar. "Nouvelle méthode de fonctionnalisation d'hétérocycles et des composés benzéniques par voie organimétallique : déprotonations par des magnésiates, réactions avec des électrophiles et couplages." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0010.
Full textThis present work reports the development of a novel versatile aromatic functionnalization methodology based upon deprotonation with magnesiate bases (lithium alkyl- and /or amidomagnesiates) at room temperature, currently poorly studied and the use of the novel arylmagnesiates complexes formed as nucleophilic agents and organometallic partners in the cross-coupling reaction. The deprotonation of the five-membered heterocycles (furan, thiophene, benzoxazole and oxazole) was first successfully accomplished using mainly Bu3MgLi as base. The arylmagnesiates thus obtained, including the expected ring-opened magnesiate complexes obtained from deprotonation of benzoxazole and oxazole, proved to be effective in several reactions as deuteration, halogenation, silylation and nucleophilic addition on aromatic aldehydes leading to the corresponding substituted heterocycles. Futhermore the heteroarylmagnesiates complexes revealed to be efficient in cross-coupling reaction with bromo(hetero)aromatics catalyzed by PdCl2(dppf). In a second part, works were directed toward the study of the ortho-functionnalization of benzene derivatives. Thus, the deprotonation of oxazolyl-, carboxamido-, pivaloylamino- and methoxybenzenes as well as benzene sulfoxyde was achieved using mainly (di)lithium tri(tetra)magnesiate bases. The arylmagnesiates complexes showed a good nucleophilic reactivity toward deuterative, halogenative and silylative agents and methyloxirane whereas reactions with aromatic aldehydes occurred in more moderate yields due to two side processes, addition of a butyle group and reduction of the aldehyde function. The arylmagnesiates excepted from benzene sulfoxyde could be coupled with bromo(hetero)aromatics under PdCl2(dppf)-catalysis. In summary, the novel aromatic functionnalization based upon the use of magnesiate bases proved to be particularly efficient and represents many advantages compared to classical methods such as metalation at room temperature for direct industrial application as well as the use of a new class of organometallic reagents possessing a good nucleophilic reactivity and directly valuable in the transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction
Imbs, Claire. "Synthèses éco-compatibles de nouveaux fongicides par chimie radicalaire." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2457/document.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to synthesize innovative fungicides by the most ecocompatible way. Several hypotheses have been investigated. First, an extensively studied molecule, intermediate of fungicides, o-cresol1, has been achieved from a natural substrate, salicylaldehyde2. The experimental conditions have been eco-designed in the aim to best match green chemistry requirements. Green solvents and reactants have been used, as ethanol, water and acetic acid3 for example, as well as alternative technologies like microwaves activation (Schema 1). Secondly, novel fungicides green syntheses have been carried out. Salicylaldehyde, a natural substrate model, reacted with various alcohols in the aim to perform reductive etherification reactions. In this way, products were composed of phenolic part with an alkoxyl group at the 2nd position. These alcoxyl groups have various chain lengths, playing a key role in fungicidal ability (Schema 1). Then, homo and hetero pinacol coupling reactions have been achieved with various aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes to obtain symmetrical and asymmetrical vicinal diols, called pinacols (Schema 1). At last, fungidal and antioxidant properties of all stable obtained molecules, referenced or not, as well as starting materials, have been evaluated. Microbiological studies have been carried out with various fungal strains
Viceriat, Audrey. "Cycloaddition [3+2] de cétènes avec des aziridines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV049/document.
Full textThis thesis work focuses on a new type of [3+2] cycloaddition of ketenes with aziridines. Aziridines are good precursors of zwitterionic 1,3-aza-dipoles, by selective C-N bond cleavage catalyzed by Lewis acid. We have found that ketenes react with the 1,3-dipole generated by addition of lithium iodide to the aziridine, efficiently providing the gamma-lactams. This new cycloaddition could be extended to a one-pot simple transformation of imines to gamma-lactams. The synthesis is compatible with a wide range of aromatic imines and stable ketenes. Finally, a one-pot catalytic asymmetric synthesis of enantioenrichied gamma-lactams have been developed starting from olefins, involving an asymmetric nitrene aziridination
Pacaud, Mathias. "Synthesis and physico-chemical evaluation of gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) as new substrates for bioanalytical SERS." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3804.
Full textA huge attention is paid on anisotropic gold metal nanostructures (AuNFs) because of the unique properties they can provide in various fields, in particular the biomedical applications. We are trying to control their optical properties related to the collective oscillations of surface electrons called plasmons. They have a localized surface plasmon resonance band (LSPR) located in the red - near infrared (> 600 nm). Their ability to interact with red light - near IR (optical biological window) makes them interesting as optical and optoacoustic imaging agents. In the specific case of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), AuNFs are able to provide enhancement zones called "hot spots" in the junctions between their petals. Thus, they can be used as SERS substrates without the need to be aggregated, unlike for gold nanospheres. The protocol to synthesize AuNFs that we developed is fast, in one-step and uses only a small number of known reagents that are low or non-toxic. In addition, our protocol allows us to tune the characteristics of the AuNFs such as their size and the position of their LSPR band, between 600 and 900 nm. In order to guarantee their colloidal stability in various media, we have coated our AuNFs with biocompatible polymers (alginates, chitosan, Pluronics, PVP and PEG) or encapsulated them in a silica matrix. Colloidal substrates based on these AuNFs coated with biocompatible envelopes have thus shown their potential to provide the SERS effect without aggregation and allow the ultra-sensitive analysis of small chromophores (such as Nile Blue). In addition, our results show that these new substrates are able to deliver a cargo of molecules to the cancer cells. Thus, they seem promising as theranostic agents, applicable not only in SERS, but also in optical or optoacoustic imaging and therapy