Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chimie de l'ozone'
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EDOUARD, SANDRINE. "Dynamique et chimie du vortex polaire : le probleme de l'ozone." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066071.
Full textSaunois, Marielle. "Bilan de l'ozone troposphérique en Afrique : Apport du programme AMMA-Chimie." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421963.
Full textSaunois, Marielle. "Bilan de l'ozone troposphérique sur le continent africain : apport du programme AMMA-Chimie." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/598/.
Full textThis PhD thesis took place in the frame of the international program AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) which aims to better document, understand and forecast the west african monsoon and its variability. The ozone distribution in a altitude-latitude cross section has been simulated using an idealized 2D model in order to assess which processes contribute to the establishment of the meridional ozone gradients as observed by MOZAIC and AMMA airborne measurements. A second part of this work has been dedicated to the analysis of the ozone sounding data set over Cotonou, Bénin. The seasonnal and interannual variations of the ozone vertical distribution are highlighted. Modeling studies using chemistry transport models and a lagrangian particle dispersion model investigate the inter hemispheric transport of biomass burning pollution during the boreal summer
Diehr, Matthieu. "Spectroscopie rovibrationnelle théorique de l'ozone : génération du spectre d'absorption à température ambiante." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0291.
Full textIn order to understand the ozone behaviour in atmospheric chemistry, but also to monitor its abundance, one needs a good knowledge of the spectral parameters. In this work, one shows that it is now possible to study the rovibrationnal spectroscopy of an asymmetric top molecule with three heavy atoms. This is done by the way of the computational chemistry and is applied to the electronic ground state of ozone. The electronic ab initio calculations are able to provide highly correlated wave functions and reach a large amount of the correlation energy. The given potential and dipole moment surfaces are precise and are expressed in a compact and handy form. This surfaces are essential in order to compute the spectral data, including the absolute line intensities. They are obtained here by using a variational code with a exact kinetic energy operator, optimized for this problem. This allow us, for the first time, to study from the first principles, a large number of rovibrationnal levels (up to J=64) for a molecule with three heavy atoms. The results lead to the construction of a spectroscopic database containing around 32 millions lines in a good agreement with the actual experimental data
Nascimento, Manoel Ferreira do. "Réalisation et étude d'un analyseur pour la mesure rapide de l'ozone troposphérique." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30172.
Full textBlanc, Béatrice. "L'ozone dans le procédé de fabrication de pâtes à papier chimiques blanches : étude de la décomposition et de la réactivité de l'ozone sur des solides divisés et des fibres cellulosiques en phase gazeuse." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT009G.
Full textPajot, Benjamin. "Analyse et prévision de l'ozone issues d'une assimilation de données satellitaires à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1485/.
Full textHonoré, Cécile. "La photochimie de l'Ozone à l'Echelle Urbaine, un Système Dynamique Non-Linéaire." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066214.
Full textChichery, Arnaud. "Analyse des spectres infrarouges haute résolution des formes isotopiques de l'ozone. Application aux études atmosphériques." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS019.
Full textTurquety, Solène. "Mesure de l'ozone troposphérique à partir d'observations satellitaires dans le domaine de l'infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011409.
Full textCes travaux ont été réalisés dans le cadre de la préparation de la mission IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer), pour laquelle le Service d'Aéronomie développe un algorithme opérationnel d'inversion des gaz traces CO, CH4 et O3. Les lancements des trois instruments IASI sont prévus en 2006, 2010 et 2015 sur les trois plates-formes successives MetOp. Un algorithme d'inversion de l'ozone a été développé, ainsi qu'un module d'analyse de l'erreur d'inversion. Les données satellitaires mesurées par l'instrument IMG (Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases), présent sur le satellite ADEOS (1996-1997), et les mesures ballon LPMA/IASI mesurées en août 2002, nous ont permis de tester les développements sur des mesures réelles et de valider la méthode. Une première interprétation des distributions globales d'ozone troposphérique IMG/ADEOS a été réalisée en comparant les différentes informations disponibles sur sa production et son transport.
Les études entreprises pour IASI ont été étendues à l'évaluation des capacités d'un instrument similaire embarqué sur un satellite en orbite géostationnaire pour l'observation des gaz traces.
Garcia-Fouqué, Segunda. "Étude de la mesure de l'ozone par tube à diffusion : application sur le terrain." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1162.
Full textBORGET, Fabien. "Etude de l'adsorption de l'ozone et du cyanoacétylène sur une surface de glace d'eau: un modèle de chimie du milieu interstellaire." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008849.
Full textBorget, Fabien. "Etude de l'adsorption de l'ozone et du cyanoacétylène sur une surface de glace d'eau : un modèle de chimie du milieu insterstellaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11050.
Full textJourdain, Line. "Modélisation des oxydes d'azote et de l'ozone dans le modèle de circulation générale LMDzT-INCA : rôle des émissions par les éclairs et par l'aviation subsonique." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066168.
Full textTurquety, Solène. "Mesure de l'ozone troposhérique à partir d'observations satellitaires dans le domaine de l'infrarouge." Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011409.
Full textKlein, Amélie. "Analyse du profil vertical de l'ozone dans la basse troposphère à Paris." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS192.pdf.
Full textSurface ozone measurements are not sufficient to understand the mechanisms of ozone formation in the lower troposphere. In this study, we have used instruments from the QUALAIR station, located in Paris center, that can measure vertical profiles of ozone, atmospheric dynamics parameters, and integrated contents of NO2 in the lowermost troposphere. First, a statistical analysis, using four years of ground based ozone LIDAR measurements (2011-2014), is done to understand the mechanisms responsible for the vertical gradient and the seasonal cycle of ozone in Paris. Then, in order to better assess the influence of transport on the spatial and temporal evolution of ozone, we focus on the results obtained from an instrumental campaign, organized in Paris, and during which continuous measurements of ozone, wind and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer were performed. The results show the impact of the entrainment of the residual layer into the mixed layer on the surface ozone variability in the morning at the local scale. A Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART-WRF) is used to better assess the impact of the nocturnal transport of a clean ozone layer via nocturnal low level jets from Paris on the surface ozone evolution at the regional scale. Finally, a one dimensional chemical transport model (PACT 1D) is used to quantify the influence of vertical transport versus photochemistry on the evolution of boundary layer ozone during daytime
Gombert, Bertrand. "Etude de l'oxydation par l'ozone en présence de catalyseurs solides de molécules organiques en milieu aqueux." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2292.
Full textBaraut, Lambert. "Etudes expérimentales des fractionnements isotopiques indépendants de la masse dans la réaction de formation de l'ozone en phase plasma." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0002.
Full textThe Earth's atmosphere has undergone, during its early history, very violent changes in its chemical composition. The emergence of the first photosynthetic living beings has led to the establishment and modification of major biogeochemical cycles. The use of isotopes as tracers of active physico-chemical processes during these periods has been developed since the 1980s. The observation of abnormal isotopic compositions in certain atmospheric molecules (ozone in particular), similar to those observed in meteorites by Clayton (1973), raises questions. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this "abnormal" phenomenon. The main objective of this doctoral work is to develop, through experimentation, the study of plasma reactions from an isotopic point of view. In particular, ozone formation third-body reactions, where the formation of an excited intermediate complex is involved in the mechanisms of generating these abnormal isotopic fractionations, will be studied
Zimmermann, Valérie. "Simulation numérique de la formation de l'ozone et des oxydants photochimiques dans la troposphère : validation d'un modèle physicochimique et étude des caractéristiques structurales et cinétiques des mécanismes chimiques associés." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10074.
Full textLe, Crâne Jean-Paul. "Etude expérimentale de la réactivité de radicaux issus de l'oxydation troposphérique des aldéhydes : application aux réactions de terminaison des processus de formation en chaîne de l'ozone." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13012.
Full textInard, Daniel. "Analyse rotationnelle haute résolution de trois états électroniques de l'iode moléculaire et caractérisation d'un état métastable de l'ozone." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10174.
Full textLambert, Jean-Christopher. "Télédétection spatiale ultraviolette et visible de l'ozone et du dioxyde d'azote dans l'atmosphère globale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210883.
Full textLes travaux décrits dans cette thèse portent d’une part sur la caractérisation du contenu en information géophysique accessible par ce type de sondage atmosphérique, et d’autre part sur la mise au point des méthodes et algorithmes d’inversion propres à la mission GOME.
Au cours des premiers chapitres, nous établissons les propriétés pluridimensionnelles de lissage et d’échantillonnage du champ atmosphérique associées à l’observation du rayonnement diffusé. Nous explorons ensuite les problèmes posés par le cycle diurne des oxydes d’azote, ainsi que l’effet des gradients atmosphériques interférant avec le chemin optique. Nous analysons enfin les capacités des réseaux de télédétection de l’Organisation Mondiale Météorologique (OMM) pour le diagnostic des algorithmes et données des systèmes satellitaires.
Deux chapitres sont ensuite consacrés à la mise au point des méthodes et algorithmes d’inversion DOAS pour le processeur GDP, qui traite de manière opérationnelle les données radiométriques acquises par GOME. Nous abordons successivement le problème de la dépendance en température des sections efficaces d’absorption, l’évaluation du facteur d’amplification géométrique du chemin optique, l’estimation de la colonne fantôme masquée par les nuages, les effets de l’anomalie magnétique sud-atlantique des ceintures de radiation, et l’incidence du dioxyde d’azote troposphérique. Suit un diagnostic systématique de la mise au point du processeur GDP sur base des données globales fournies par les réseaux de l’OMM, ainsi qu’une critique comparée des algorithmes TOMS de la NASA.
Le dernier chapitre décrit la construction de la première climatologie globale du dioxyde d’azote stratosphérique et de ses variations harmoniques. Développée pour nos études du facteur d’amplification géométrique, cette climatologie composite est issue de l’analyse conjointe des jeux de données complémentaires acquis par différents satellites, par des réseaux au sol et par des ballons stratosphériques.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bhugwant, Chatrapatty. "Étude physico-chimique des aérosols de combustion et de l'ozone troposphérique à la Réunion." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_16_Bhugwant.pdf.
Full textBourgin, Marc. "Étude de la décomposition de produits phytosanitaires par l'ozone : Application au traitement des semences déclassées." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16230/1/bourgin.pdf.
Full textLacome, Jean-Marc. "Contribution à l'étude de la modélisation physico-chimique de la basse atmosphère : cas de l'ozone et des hydrocarbures biogéniques." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30275.
Full textNédélec, Philippe. "Mise au point d'un analyseur d'oxydes d'azote à haute sensibilité : application à l'étude de l'ozone et de ses précurseurs dans la troposphère." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30259.
Full textVicars, William. "Transfert de l'anomalie isotopique portée par l'ozone dans la troposphère : vers une interprétation quantitative de la composition isotopique en oxygène du nitrate atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856960.
Full textGressent, Alicia. "Caractérisation et modélisation sous-maille des panaches d'éclairs : implication sur le bilan de l'ozone et les espèces azotées de la haute troposphère." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30150/document.
Full textLightning emissions are one of the most important sources of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO+NO2 ) in the upper troposphere. They imply high N Ox concentrations where their lifetime is longer in this part of the atmosphere and can be associated to large plumes transported over long distance. Furthermore, the decisive role of lightning emissions in the upper tropospheric chemistry and especially on the ozone production and the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere is well known. My PhD is dedicated to the characterization of the lightning-NOx related plumes and the associated sub-grid modeling in order to determine their impact on the ozone and nitrogen oxyde burden in the upper troposphere. The analysis of the MOZAIC measurements in the northern-mid-latitudes coupled with FLEXPART Lagrangian model calculations, ground and space-based observations of lightning flashes and clouds is made. This study highlights the existence of large scale plumes of NOy from lightning emissions and describes their frequency, their chemical composition and evolution during the long-range transport. A negative (positive) gradient of NOy (O3) is found within the large scale plumes of about -0.4(+18) ppbv difference, during spring, and -0.6(+14) ppbv difference, in summer, between North America and Europe. Therefore, for the first time, a plume parameterization for lightning NOx emissions is implemented into CTM. This approach allows the transport of the non-linear chemistry effects occurring within plumes. The implementation of the plume-in-grid parameterization leads to a significant NOx and O3 decrease over the region characterized by a strong lightning activity (up to -25 % and -8 %, respectively, over Central Africa, in July) and a relative increase downwind of lightning NOx emissions (up to +10 % and +1 %, respectively, over Atlantic ocean, in July). This work allows to reduce the uncertainties on the representation of the non-linear processes at a smaller scale than the model grid in order to provide better estimates of (i) the nitrogen oxide distribution related to lightning and (ii) the associated ozone production at the large scale
Chirat, Christine. "Effet de l'ozone sur les hydrates de carbone et la lignine des pâtes à papier chimiques : application au blanchiment." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0049.
Full textRandriambelo, Tantely. "Détection satellitaire des feux de végétation et des zones de convection en zone tropicale : application à l'étude climatologique de l'ozone troposphérique." La Réunion, 1998. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/98_11_Randriambelo.pdf.
Full textForêt, Gilles. "Etude numérique multi échelle des processus dynamiques et photochimique contrôlant les distributions troposphériques de l'ozone et de ses précurseurs : impact des circulations locales et de la convection profonde dans le cadre de l'expérience INDOEX." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF22449.
Full textGuion, Antoine. "Droughts and heatwaves in the Western Mediterranean, impact on ozone pollution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS056.
Full textDroughts and heatwaves are extreme events able to affect both vegetation and atmospheric chemistry, notably through surface-troposphere interactions. The objective of this thesis is to assess their effects on biomass, fire activity and ozone pollution in the western Mediterranean. This study is mainly based on regional numerical models of the land surface (hydrology and vegetation) and the atmosphere (meteorology and atmospheric chemistry). In addition, several datasets of in situ and satellite observations are used.Identifying droughts and heatwaves over the period 1979-2016 (WRF-ORCHIDEE), I highlighted their spatial and temporal distribution. Based on observations (MODIS), I demonstrated that the decline in vegetation activity (decrease in biomass) is mainly attributable to droughts, while the increase in fire intensity results from a synergy between droughts and heatwaves. Finally, these events both lead to an increase in surface ozone concentration including simulated (CHIMERE) and observed (AQ e-Reporting) pollution peaks. This is explained by an increase in precursor emissions, a decrease in dry deposition in the canopy and favourable meteorological conditions for photochemistry
Tidiga, Mariam. "Contenu et variabilité des aérosols de la stratosphère : impact des éruptions volcaniques sur la période 2013-2019." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ORLE2011.
Full textLarge volcanic eruptions affect the climate by injecting sulphur dioxide gas into the stratosphere which is converted to sulphate aerosols. These aerosols have the power to warm the stratosphere, cooling the troposphere by reflecting solar radiation. Since the Pinatubo eruption in 1991, which resulted in a global cooling of 0.4◦C, observations have shown that the stratosphere has been regularly impacted by volcanic eruptions of moderate magnitude on a hemispheric scale, but that these events have been less well documented in the tropics. During our research, we carried out simulations by the global model WACCM-CARMA, including chemical and microphysical cycles of Sulphur to study the variability of stratospheric aerosol content in the tropics over the period 2013-2019. The simulations show that the volcanic events of the period (Kelud, Calbuco, Ambae, Raikoke and Ulawun) have significantly influenced the aerosol layer in the tropics, either by direct injection or by transport from distant latitudes
Hadj-Ziane, Sahraoui. "Cinétique réactionnelle en régime hydrodynamique dans l'oxygène : application à la production industrielle de l'ozone." Pau, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PAUU3011.
Full textDeborde, Marie. "Oxydation par le chlore et l'ozone de composés organiques à effets modulateurs endocriniens." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2254.
Full textThe objective of this work was to improve the present knowledge about fate of endocrine disruptors during water treatment process. Chlorination and ozonation (two disinfection steps frequently applied) of seven endocrine disruptors (17β-estradiol, estriol, estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, 4-n-nonylphenol et bisphenol A) were then studied. In a first time, a kinetic study was performed at 20 ± 2 °C and different pH levels. Under these conditions, all molecules with a phenolic group in their structure (17β-estradiol, estriol, estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, 4-n-nonylphenol et bisphenol A) were removed more or less rapidly as function of pH, irrespective of the studied oxidant. Elementary oxidation reactions and associated rate constants were then determined. Concerning progesterone (devoid of phenolic ring), no removal in presence of chlorine was shown. However, a possible oxidation by ozone was observed. In a second time, by-products ozonation of two studied endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A, progesterone) were studied. Numerous by-products were identified by chromatographic analyses (HPLC/UV, HPLC/MS, HPLC/MS/MS, GC/MS). Stability by-products in presence of ozone was then studied and reactional pathways were suggested
Sun, Yu. "Étude du comportement des fibres lors d'un traitement à l'ozone appliqué lors de la mise en pâte chimico-thermomécanique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7327/1/030619097.pdf.
Full textMaouala, Makata Paul Innocent. "Oxydation de quelques herbicides azotés en milieu aqueux par l'ozone en absence et en présence de peroxyde d'hydrogène." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2295.
Full textBehin, Jamshid. "Réactivité de l'ozone à l'interface gaz/solide : application au blanchiment de la pâte à papier à haute consistance." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT012G.
Full textBokova, Maria. "Combustion catalytique du noir de carbone en présence de Cu-Ce-Al-O : effet de l'ozone." Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0113.
Full textIn this study, the influence of ozonation on the catalytic combustion of carbon black in the presence of Cu-Ce-Al oxides has been investigated. The physico-chemical properties of Cu-Ce-Al-oxides and carbon black before and after ozonation were studied. A convenient method for the calculation of the kinetic parameters from non-isothermal experiences was proposed. The values for activation energies and for the pre-exponential factor of carbon black catalytic combustion in the presence of Ce-Al oxides were calculated using this method. EPR analysis revealed the appearance of O2[moins] species bounded to Ce4+ ions for CeO2 and Ce-Al-O catalysts after ozone treatment. These species are not stable after the temperature increase and don't influence the catalytic reactivity of solids in the reaction of carbon black combustion. Ozone pre-treatment of carbon black favors its combustion. Physico-chemico characterization shows that ozonation influences the nature of carbon black increasing the concentration and the stability of free radicals interacting with carbon particulate and favors the formation of oxygenated species on the surface of CB which, according to our DTA data, decrease the temperature of its combustion. This phenomenon is observed for all samples but the most important decrease of temperature is evidenced for copper based catalysts with alumina support. Thus, the oxygenated species take part in the mechanism of black carbon combustion catalysed by the copper
Lapierre, David. "Description des états vibrationnels de l'ozone près de la limite de dissociation." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS045.
Full textEnergies of vibrationallevelsof the ozone molecule near the dissociation threshold have been studied theoretically. Both, weakly bound -below the dissociation threshold O2 + O, and metastable levels – above the dissociation threshold, were considered.Hyperspherical coordinates were used to represent dynamics of oxygen atoms of the molecule. The hyperspherical coordinates allow us torepresent the symmetry of the system with respect to permutation of the three nuclei and take into account the tunneling between threeequivalent wells of the potential energy surface of O3. Energies and lifetimes (widths) of the metastable levels have been computed using themethod of the complex absorbing potential.Energies and wave functions of the bound levels of the symmetric ozone isotopologue 16O3 with rotational angular momentaJ = 0 and 1 up tothe dissociation threshold were calculated. For the bound levels, good agreement with experimental energies was found: the RMS deviationbetween observed vibrational energies and the present results is only 1 cm−1. Rotational constants were also computed and used for acharacterization of vibrational modes of the obtained levels. The three isotopologues 16O16O16O, 16O16O18O, and16O18O16O have beenconsidered. Properties of these states have been analyzed. Energies, widths ans wave functions of vibrational resonances of 16O3 have beendetermined for levels up to about 3000 cm−1 above the dissociation threshold. Predissociated resonances have lifetimes between 0.08 and 2 pswith a few levels of longer lifetimes. These long-lifetime levels are highly excited levels in the v1 and v2 modes of ozone
Terrenoire, Etienne. "APPLICATION DES SYSTEMES MM5-CHIMERE ET MM5-FLEXPART A LA MODELISATION DE L'OZONE ET DES PM10 SUR LA REGION NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441995.
Full textTerrenoire, Étienne. "Application des systèmes MM5-CHIMERE et MM5-FLEXPART à la modélisation de l'ozone et des PM10 sur la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10043/document.
Full textAir pollution is a topical subject affecting both human health and the environment. Nowadays, two kind of pollution have been intensely studied, namely, the ozone and the particulate (PMIO, PM2.5 and PM1) pollution. During the thesis, the MM5-CHIMERE and the MM5-FLEXPART systems have been set up and optimised at the PC2A laboratory in order to study ozone and PM 10 pollution events. The performance of the MM5-CHIIMERE system has been evaluated for different topography and meteorological situations. Firstly, the modelled data are compared against observed data from the Atmo-NPDC air pollution monitoring network over the June-Ju!y 2006 heat wave period. Then, the dynamical and chemical performance of the models is assessed over the Dunkerque area for two periods in April and May 2006. For those two periods, measured data were collected during a field campaign achieved by the Laboratoire de Physicochimie Atmosphérique (LPCA) of the University du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO). Finally, the MM5-FLEXPART system was used to determine the origin of an intense PM10 event over the NPDC region. The influence of anthropogenic primary emission, grid and meteorological data resolution has also becn tested
Terrenoire, Étienne. "Application des systèmes MM5-CHIMERE et MM5-FLEXPART à la modélisation de l'ozone et des PM10 sur la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10043.
Full textAir pollution is a topical subject affecting both human health and the environment. Nowadays, two kind of pollution have been intensely studied, namely, the ozone and the particulate (PMIO, PM2.5 and PM1) pollution. During the thesis, the MM5-CHIMERE and the MM5-FLEXPART systems have been set up and optimised at the PC2A laboratory in order to study ozone and PM 10 pollution events. The performance of the MM5-CHIIMERE system has been evaluated for different topography and meteorological situations. Firstly, the modelled data are compared against observed data from the Atmo-NPDC air pollution monitoring network over the June-Ju!y 2006 heat wave period. Then, the dynamical and chemical performance of the models is assessed over the Dunkerque area for two periods in April and May 2006. For those two periods, measured data were collected during a field campaign achieved by the Laboratoire de Physicochimie Atmosphérique (LPCA) of the University du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO). Finally, the MM5-FLEXPART system was used to determine the origin of an intense PM10 event over the NPDC region. The influence of anthropogenic primary emission, grid and meteorological data resolution has also becn tested
Hamdi, El Najjar Nasma. "Cinétiques et mécanismes d'oxydation de composés pharmaceutiques par le chlore, l'ozone et les radicaux hydroxyle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2264/document.
Full textRecently, the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has been reported as an emerging environmental issue. Actually, numerous pharmaceuticals have been detected in surface waters. Chlorination, ozonation and oxidation by hydroxyl radicals are widely used in water treatment due to their disinfectant and oxidation properties. However, these oxidationprocesses can induce refractory transformation products. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the fate of three commonly used pharmaceuticals (metronidazole, paracetamol and levofloxacin) during oxidation with chlorine, ozone and hydroxyl radicals. First, a kinetic study was conducted at pH 7.2 and 20°C and rate constants were determined. For each pharmaceutical, different rates of degradation were observed depending on oxidation process. To better assess pharmaceutical removal under water treatment conditions, an estimation of pharmaceutical removal under several oxidation conditions (i.e.oxidant concentrations, contact time, water quality) was undertaken. In a second part, numerous transformation products were identified by LC/MS and LC/MS/MS and reactional pathways were suggested. Finally, monitoring of the toxicity (luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fisheri) were performed and compared to the formation of by-products. An increase in toxicity was observed for each oxidation process and pharmaceutical tested for the smallest oxidant doses
Gaddari, Abdelhadi. "Nouvelle méthode d'élaboration par voie sol-gel des couches minces de dioxyde d'étain : Applications à la détection à température ambiante d'ozone et d'ammoniac." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020790.
Full textDubuisson, Candice. "Impact de la pollution atmosphérique par l’ozone sur la communication chimique plante-pollinisateur : le cas de deux interactions emblématiques en Méditerranée." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG001.
Full textAmong the pollutants present in the troposphere, ozone (O3) is probably one of the most stressful for organisms, owing to its strong oxidizing potential. For example, high concentrations of O3 ([O3]) can affect the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that allow plants to communicate with their environment. Moreover, O3 can react with these VOCs in the atmosphere to create new molecules, thus degrading the chemical signals upon which plant-insect interactions, including plant-pollinator interactions, depend. Many studies have shown the effects of O3 on the vegetative parts of plants but very few have studied their effects on their reproductive parts, which are generally responsible for the attraction of pollinators. This work therefore aims to provide knowledge on the effect of O3 in plant-pollinator chemical communication, namely, its effects on (i) the emission of floral VOCs by the plant, (ii) the chemical signal during its transport in the atmosphere and (iii) the recognition of this signal by pollinators.In the Mediterranean region, the interactions between the Mediterranean fig tree, Ficus carica (Moraceae), and its specific pollinator, Blastophaga psenes (Agaonidae), and between the true lavender, Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae), and its generalist pollinator, the honeybee, Apis mellifera (Apidae), are the two emblematic study models chosen to meet the objectives of this dissertation, owing to their specificity and to the frequency and intensity of O3 pollution peaks in this region.This work combined descriptive and experimental studies to determine (i) the daily rate of VOCs emission from flowering plants, (ii) the in natura variation in emission of floral VOCs from fig trees exposed chronically or punctually to O3 pollution and other variables affected by climate change, (iii) the response of plants exposed under controlled conditions to a peak of O3 pollution, in terms of their emission of floral VOCs, (iv) the reaction of O3 with floral VOCs in a controlled atmosphere, and (v) the consequences of these two effects on the attraction of pollinators.The results show that (i) for both models, VOCs emission is correlated with light intensity but also shows different emission peaks during the day, depending on identity of the VOCs; (ii) for F. carica, there is marked seasonal variation in the emission of VOCs in natura, with light intensity, temperature, drought and chronic and acute source of O3 pollution responsible for variations in the emission of floral VOCs; (iii) for both species, exposure under controlled conditions for 5h to 200 ppb O3 (maximum ([O3] recorded in the last 15 years in the Mediterranean region) has no immediate effect on emission of floral VOCs, but (iv) floral VOCs alone exposed to different [O3] react differentially with the pollutant to form new molecules, thus modifying the proportions of VOCs in the mixture at [O3] as low as 40 ppb, and finally, (v) in F. carica, these modifications of VOCs significantly inhibit the attraction of the specific pollinator. This study highlights sources of variation in floral VOC emission in the two model species but also provides an integrative view of the effect of acute exposure to high [O3] on the concentration of VOCs around these plants. Behavioral tests with different pollinators are now essential to characterize the resilience of these interactions to the [O3]-induced variations in VOCs highlighted in this study. More generally, this work points to the importance of studying factors of climate change co-occurring in natura, including the effects of the concentrations of different air pollutants, on chemical communication in different plant-pollinator interactions in order to define measures to protect these interactions in the face of current and future environmental changes