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1
Hosmani, M. M. Chilli crop: Capsicum annuum L. 2nd ed. Dharwad, Karnataka: Sarasijakshi M. Hosmani, 1993.
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George, Kathleen, and Cross Collectibles. Chilly Girl: Bouguereau Cross Stitch Pattern. Independently Published, 2019.
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Simon, Yvette. Slick Coloring Book: Counting Crows Designs to Chill and Enjoy, Great Antistress Tool for Fans and Friends Alike. Independently Published, 2022.
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Chaisty, Paul, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power. Coalitional Presidentialism in Cross-Regional Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817208.003.0002.
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This chapter introduces the three regions—sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Former Soviet Union—and the nine countries—Armenia, Benin, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Kenya, Malawi, Russia, and Ukraine—that provide the empirical material for the book. It introduces the two criteria used for case selection: 1) democratic competitiveness; 2) de jure and de facto constitutional provisions that empower presidents to be coalitional formateurs. It also introduces a variable that measures the salience of cross-party cooperation: the Index of Coalitional Necessity. Finally, it sketches the political landscape that has shaped the dynamics of coalitional presidentialism within each region, and it draws attention to important contextual differences between the nine country cases.
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Forsyth, Rob, and Richard Newton. Consultation with other services. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784449.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the common task of being asked by another paediatric specialty to review a child with neurological symptoms. It addresses common clinical scenarios and presents the principles of good practice. The specialties considered are cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neonatology, neurosurgery, oncology, intensive care, child psychiatry, nephrology, respiratory medicine, and rheumatology. Advice on causation and patterns of presentation is given along with cross-reference to information on investigation, treatment and outcome.
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Lynch, Julia. A Cross-National Perspective on the American Welfare State. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.023.
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The welfare system in the United States is not simply “small,”“residualist,” or “laggard.” It is true that protection against standard social risks is generally less comprehensive and less generous in the United States than in other rich democracies, but there are other important differences as well: The U. S. welfare state is unusual in its extensive reliance on private markets to produce public social goods; its geographic variability; its insistence on deservingness as an eligibility criterion; and its orientation toward benefits for the elderly rather than children and working-age adults. Nevertheless, the U.S. welfare state is not sui generis. The actors involved in the construction of the U.S. welfare state, the institutions created in response to social problems, and the contemporary pressures confronting the welfare state all have parallels in other countries. The markets that provide so many social goods in the United States are the products of state action and state regulation, and hence should really be thought of as part of the welfare “state.” Even recent expansions to the welfare state in the United States have, with the partial exception of health-care reform, reinforced old patterns of elderly oriented spending and benefits for worthy (working) adults. In order for the U.S. welfare state to adjust successfully to ensure against new social risks, it must focus more on underdeveloped program areas like health care, child care, early childhood education, and vocational training.
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Monico, Caro. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome for Ambulatory Surgery. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0055.
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Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disease of the nervous system characterized by pain localized in an extremity. This pain is typically out of proportion to the inciting event and is accompanied by sensory disturbances, as well as motor, vasomotor, and sudomotor signs and symptoms. CRPS is a challenging clinical presentation and diagnosis. The etiology of this previously rare condition in children, is typically post-traumatic. It’s management requires a biopsychosocial approach. The principal modality that will improve pain and function in children with CRPS is physical therapy together with an interdisciplinary approach to management. The key to successful treatment involves early appropriate intervention, education for the child and family, and excellent communication between team members. This chapter uses a case study of a 12-year-old girl with CRPS to illustrate these concepts.
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Sugisaki, Koji. On the Acquisition of Prepositions and Particles. Edited by Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder, and Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.11.
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The syntax and semantics of adpositions and particles show substantial cross-linguistic variation, leading to an important question of how children converge on the target grammar. This chapter focuses on cross-linguistic variation in, and acquisition of, two syntactic phenomena that centrally involve prepositions and particles: preposition stranding and the verb-particle construction. Since languages permitting verb-particle constructions are somewhat uncommon, and languages permitting preposition stranding are downright rare, evidence from child language constitutes an extremely important source of insight into the parametric variation permitted in these areas of syntax. Major findings from acquisitional and comparative investigations summarized in this chapter suggest that preposition stranding and verb-particle constructions are both dependent on the availability of productive endocentric compounding.
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Marcelo, Armas M. 8 Chile. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808589.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the law of set-off in Chile, both before and after insolvency, as well as the alternatives for contractual set-off structures that may be agreed among two or more parties. In Chile, set-off was created as a legal concept primarily on the basis of practical considerations rather than juridical principles. The right to set-off may arise due to a contractual arrangement between the parties or by the operation of law, including the Chilean Civil Code. The chapter first considers set-off in Chile outside insolvency, focusing on set-off by operation of law and contractual set-off, before discussing set-off in insolvency. In particular, it explains the implications of a declaration of liquidation under Chilean Bankruptcy Law and its possible consequences for set-off rights. It also analyses issues arising in cross-border set-off.
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Biesel, Kay, Judith Masson, Nigel Parton, and Tarja Pösö, eds. Errors and Mistakes in Child Protection. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447350705.001.0001.
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This comprehensive international study provides a cross-national analysis of different understandings of errors and mistakes in child protection practice and lessons to avoid and handle them, using research and knowledge from eleven countries in Europe and North America. Divided into country-specific chapters, each examines the pathways that led to mistakes, the scale of their impact, how responsibilities and responses are decided and how practice and policy subsequently changed. Considering the complexities of evolving practice contexts, this authoritative, future-oriented study is an invaluable text for practitioners, researchers and policy makers wishing to understand why child protection fails – and offers a springboard for fresh thinking about strategies to reduce future risk.
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Lleó, Conxita. Bilingualism and Child Phonology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935345.013.53.
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The present article poses some fundamental questions related to bilingualism and to the acquisition of two phonological components, by very young children. It discusses different types of bilingualism and their outcomes. After a brief consideration of alleged pros and cons of bilingualism brought up in the past decades, two perspectives of bilingualism are sketched—psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic—and certain aspects of bilingual child phonology are presented from each of these points of view. The essential issue is whether different outcomes of bilingual child phonology are predictable, and to find the crucial criteria to support the predictions. Finally, the discussion addresses some basic questions about bilingual acquisition, and ends with a summary of various types of cross-linguistic interaction.
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Wimer, Christopher, and Timothy M. Smeeding. USA Child Poverty: The Impact of the Great Recession. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797968.003.0013.
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The Great Recession (GR) was the most dramatic economic downturn the USA has experienced in more than six decades. But against this backdrop, the USA actually made some limited progress against child poverty over the Great Recession when one considers the new US Supplemental Poverty Measure which lies at about 40 per cent of median income. The main reason was the growth of a well-targeted near cash safety net, combined with earnings enhancements in the form of refundable tax credits. These enhancements helped the working poor, but not many parents of children who could not find jobs. However these improvements had little if any effect on relative poverty counted at a European or cross-national relative poverty standard set at 60 per cent of median income. Greater progress against child poverty in the US requires a continued strong job market coupled with a child allowance.
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Budzikiewicz, Christine, Bettina Heiderhoff, Frank Klinkhammer, and Kerstin Niethammer-Jürgens, eds. Neue Impulse im europäischen Familienkollisionsrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748929987.
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The third ‘Dialog Internationales Familienrecht’, a conference on international family law, was held in April 2021. Under the general theme ‘New Dynamics in European International Family Law‘, academics and practitioners dealt with the latest developments in European family law and family procedural law. In addition to focal points in child and maintenance law, the focus was placed on the new Brussels IIbis Regulation. The publication is a collection of the lectures held at the conference. The contributions deal with, inter alia, the cross-border enforcement of rights of access, consensual solutions in child abduction, the recognition of matters relating to the status of individuals, international maintenance law, and the consequences of the ECJ’s Mahnkopf decision. With contributions by Jennifer Antomo, Martina Erb-Klünemann, Wolfgang Hau, Frank Klinkhammer, Robert Magnus, Rembert Süß and Karsten Thorn.
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Prah, Efua, and Susan Levine, eds. Bodies of Knowledge: Children and Childhoods in Health and Affliction. African Sun Media, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52779/9781991201331.
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Spanning the countries of South Africa, Swaziland, and Ghana, this collection of work brings into focus child and youth experience together as a collage of anthropology, creative writing, poetry, and the fine arts. Woven together by questions related to the political economy of child and youth well-being, identity formation, and the multiple layers through which children articulate their health-narrative, this volume considers living in and coping with chronic illness, spirit-possession, and death. The growth in critical health humanities and the arts globally, suggests the desire for blended efforts to draw in a wider breadth of knowledge that cuts across the divided worlds of critical social science and the arts. This book, set in an African context, offers myriad possibilities for cross-disciplinary synergies as learning sites. It is a critical contribution to the field of children and childhood studies.
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Choudhury, Cyra Akila. Transnational Commercial Surrogacy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935352.013.38.
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With the emergence of assisted reproductive technologies, particularly in vitro fertilization, gestational surrogacy in which an woman can be hired to gestate the child of commissioning parents has grown into a multimillion dollar industry. While many countries prohibit surrogacy, others permit and some even allow women to charge for the service of gestation on a commercial basis. This article addresses the regulation of transnational surrogacy and the related legal conflicts that arise in cross-border agreements particularly in commercial contracts It starts with a brief exploration of the surrogacy industry and growth. It then goes on to describe and analyze some of the legal frameworks that affect surrogacy contracts. The article proceeds to discuss some of the most prominent cross-border controversies to highlight that these conflicts tend to arise from a lack of international or transnational regulation on parentage and citizenship. Finally, the article explores the proposals for international regulation and the prospects of solving some of the more difficult legal problems that have arisen from transnational surrogacy.
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Widiger, Thomas A., ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.001.0001.
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The Five-Factor Model (FFM) is arguably the predominant model of general personality structure. There is a considerable body of research supporting its construct validity and practical application. There have been a few books specifically concerning the FFM, but to date there has not yet been a text that brings together in one location all that is known about the FFM. The book begins with an overview chapter on the FFM, followed by in-depth discussions regarding the nature, etiology, importance, and mechanisms of each of the FFM domains. The vast body of research concerning the construct-validity support for the FFM is then provided, including its robustness, factor analytic support, childhood antecedents, cross-language presence, cross-species presence, behavior and molecular genetics, and brain structure and function. The text then provides considerable discussion of the importance and application of the FFM across diverse social concerns, including personality assessment, business and industry, health psychology, marital-family therapy, adult psychopathology, child psychopathology, and clinical utility. There is no comparable text with this much information concerning the validity and utility of the FFM. The text concludes with a final overview chapter.
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Schmid, Monika S., and Barbara Köpke, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.001.0001.
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This volume is the first handbook dedicated to language attrition, the study of how a speaker’s language may be affected by cross-linguistic interference and non-use. The effects of language attrition can be felt in all aspects of language knowledge, processing, and production, and can offer unique insights into the mind of bilingual language users. In this book, international experts in the field explore a comprehensive range of topics in language attrition, examining its theoretical implications, psycho- and neurolinguistic approaches, linguistic and extralinguistic factors, second language (L2) attrition, and heritage languages. The chapters summarize current research and draw on insights from related fields such as child language development, language contact, language change, pathological developments, and second language acquisition.
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Snyder, William. Compound Word Formation. Edited by Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder, and Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.6.
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Compound word formation is examined from the twin perspectives of comparative grammar and child language acquisition. Points of cross-linguistic variation addressed include the availability of bare-stem endocentric compounding as a “creative” process, head modifier order, the distribution of linking elements in Swedish and German compounds, the possibility of recursion, and the availability of synthetic compounding of the -ER (English dish washer) and bare-stem (French lave-vaisselle) types. Proposals discussed at length include Beard’s Generalization (which links head modifier order in compounds to the position of attributive adjectives), Snyder’s Compounding Parameter (linking syntactic availability of verb-particle constructions and adjectival resultatives to availability of creative endocentric compounding), and Gordon’s acquisitional studies of Kiparsky’s Generalization (concerning restrictions on regular plural-marking within compounds).
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Global Academy for Paediatric Surgery: Appendicitis & Appendectomy. UCT Libraries, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/0-7992-2556-3.
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Division of Paediatric Surgery, at the University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital has been in the forefront of modern surgical training by introduction of online training and surgical skills training. The dramatised teaching on surgical conditions is a novel way of teaching rich surgical knowledge through the journey of a patient with a surgical condition from admission to discharge. This will be beneficial to both undergraduate and postgraduate students and will allow them to experience real life like interactions between patients and trainees as well as trainees and teachers. The filming of the video took place at the surgical skills training centre located at the Institute of Child Health building, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. This medical video uses, in the main, actors and medically trained personnel. There are no violations with regard to ethics and such was cleared before and post the recording of the film. The Division would like to acknowledge the Foxwood TV, its producers, directors, and filming crew for their highly professional approach filming a medical training video. We would like to thank all the Divisional staff for their contributions to the preparation of manuscript, and performance in the video. We also would like to thank Karl Storz Endoscopy for their sponsorship of the episode.
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Chaisty, Paul, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power. Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817208.001.0001.
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This book provides the first cross-regional study of an increasingly important form of politics: coalitional presidentialism. Drawing on original research of minority presidents in the democratizing and hybrid regimes of Armenia, Benin, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Kenya, Malawi, Russia, and Ukraine, it seeks to understand how presidents who lack single party legislative majorities build and manage cross-party support in legislative assemblies. It develops a framework for analysing this phenomenon, and blends data from MP surveys, detailed case studies, and wider legislative and political contexts, to analyse systematically the tools that presidents deploy to manage their coalitions. Paul Chaisty, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power focus on five key legislative, cabinet, partisan, budget, and informal (exchange of favours) tools that are utilized by minority presidents. They contend that these constitute the ‘toolbox’ for coalition management, and argue that minority presidents will act with imperfect or incomplete information to deploy the tool or tools that provide(s) the highest return of political support with the lowest expenditure of political capital. In developing this analysis, the book assembles a set of concepts, definitions, indicators, analytical frameworks, and propositions that establish the main parameters of coalitional presidentialism. In this way, Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective provides crucial insights into this mode of governance.
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McGuire, James W. The Politics of Development in Latin America and East Asia. Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.23.
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This article examines the politics of development in Latin America and East Asia, focusing on eight countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand. It begins by analyzing levels and changes of GDP per capita and income inequality in these countries from 1960 to 2010, showing that the capitalist economies of Latin America grew more slowly and had higher income inequality than their East Asian counterparts. It considers the reasons for this development divergence, including government policies in such areas as land tenure, education, promotion of manufactured exports, and macroeconomic management. The article also looks at historical legacies and social-structural factors that help explain these cross-regional (as well as some intra-regional) policy differences, including colonial heritage, the geopolitical situation after World War II, natural resources, and class structure.
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Brown, Jennifer M., and Miranda A. H. Horvath, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108848916.
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In the decade since the publication of the first edition of The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology, the field has expanded into areas such as social work and education, while maintaining the interest of criminal justice researchers and policy makers. This new edition provides cutting-edge and comprehensive coverage of the key theoretical perspectives, assessment methods, and interventions in forensic psychology. The chapters address substantive topics such as acquisitive crime, domestic violence, mass murder, and sexual violence, while also exploring emerging areas of research such as the expansion of cybercrime, particularly child sexual exploitation, as well as aspects of terrorism and radicalisation. Reflecting the global reach of forensic psychology and its wide range of perspectives, the international team of contributors emphasise diversity and cross-reference between adults, adolescents, and children to deliver a contemporary picture of the discipline.
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Berg-Schlosser, Dirk. Comparative Area Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846374.003.0002.
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Area studies have undergone significant changes over the last two decades. They have been transformed from mostly descriptive accounts in the international context of the Cold War to theory-oriented and methodological analytical approaches. More recent comparative methods such as “Qualitative Comparative Analysis” (QCA) and related approaches, which are particularly suitable for medium N studies, have significantly contributed to this development. This essay discusses the epistemological background of this approach as well as recent developments. It provides two examples of current “cross area studies,” one concerned with successful democratic transformations across four regions (Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and East Asia), the other with political participation in marginalized settlements in four countries (Brazil, Chile, Ivory Coast, Kenya) in a multilevel analysis. The conclusion points to the theoretical promises of this approach and its practical-political relevance.
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Majumdar, Anindita. Waiting with the Womb. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474363.003.0004.
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In the process of making kin—which is what transnational commercial surrogacy is geared towards—the surrogate pregnancy becomes a ‘goal’ for all participants involved. However, the liminality of the pregnancy becomes both risky and transgressive when navigated through the bodies of ‘alien’ others. Both for the surrogate mother and the intended parents, the pregnant body becomes a source of ambivalence and conflict. In this chapter, the ethnography maps the role of the ‘others’—agents, relatives of the intended parents, the surrogate’s husband—in making meaning out of an ‘alien’ pregnancy’. Here, the embodied/disembodied pregnancy leads to ‘disembodied relationships’. Cross-cultural notions regarding conception, pregnancy, and birth intermingle in a conflicted narrative of ‘kinning’ a soon-to-be born child. The idea of shared bodily substances within the foetus mark out not only the intended parents and the surrogate mother—but their other relationships as well.
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Whittier, Nancy. Frenemies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190235994.001.0001.
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What happens when activists who usually oppose each other work to advance similar goals? This book re-conceptualizes models of social movements’ relationships with each other and develops a new framework for understanding relationships that are neither coalitions nor countermovements. Rich, empirically grounded case studies of opposition to pornography, child sexual abuse policy, and the Violence Against Women Act show how feminists and conservatives engaged with the issues and with each other, the differences between their approaches, and both their points of overlap and their power struggles. Each case illustrates a different type of relationship: an adversarial yet collaborative interaction around pornography; a narrow, issue-specific, and politically neutral opposition to child sexual abuse; and an ambivalent alliance confined to the policy arena for the Violence Against Women Act. Focusing on activism targeting the federal government from 1980 to 2013, the book draws on a unique, in-depth dataset, including transcripts of Congressional hearings and movement documents, to analyze interpretive processes within the state. Activists constructed frames that enabled cross-ideological support, dealt with the reputational risk of appearing to consort with the enemy, and sometimes compromised or de-emphasized controversial goals in favor of areas of commonality. In the end, feminists and conservatives influenced policy and culture to different degrees in the three case studies, depending on their relative power. Frenemies draws powerful lessons about both the benefits and risks of collaboration across ideological difference.
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Brysk, Alison. Violence against Women. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901516.003.0001.
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This chapter outlines the global problem, prevalence, causes, and consequences of violence against women. Women worldwide face special risks from the beginning to the end of the life-cycle: from female feticide to female genital mutilation/circumcision in infancy, from child abuse to honor violence and forced marriage at puberty, from sexual assault to femicide in adolescence and youth, forced labor and battering in adulthood, and targeted killing of witches and widows in old age. Violence against women is the most pervasive unfinished business of the international human rights regime, and a threat to global security, development, and public health. We will see that gender violence arises as a violation of human rights with special logics, and a growing contradiction of development and globalization. The cross-national risk factors for physical insecurity of women worldwide include conflicted development, shortfalls in democracy, social inequality, uneven urbanization, and gender role disparity. These factors play out in specific “gender regime” configurations of governance, political economy, and gender roles that fall into patrimonial, semi-liberal, and liberal patterns that suggest distinct strategies of intervention.
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Reese, Ellen, Stephanie D'Auria, and Sandra Loughrin. Gender. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.019.
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Reconceptualizing welfare-state regimes in terms of the interactions between markets, states, and gender and family relations, cross-national feminist scholarship reveals that the United States is relatively more "market-based" in its approach to both employment and care work than other wealthy democracies. Consequently female poverty, especially of lone mothers, is far higher in the United States compared to other wealthy democracies. Feminist scholarship also highlights the ways in which U.S. welfare programs are deeply gendered in terms of their underlying philosophies, recipient populations, and distribution of benefits. Feminist scholars have reconceptualized the origins and development of the U.S. welfare state in terms of a "two-track" system that has reinforced both gender and racial inequalities. Programs serving mostly men, such as veterans' benefits or unemployment insurance, provided relatively generous benefits and portrayed recipients as deserving. In contrast, programs serving mostly women, such as mothers' pensions, were relatively stingy, restrictive, and stigmatizing. At the beginning of the 20th century, reformers justified welfare for lone mothers in maternalist terms, emphasizing the value of full-time motherhood for child development. Support for maternalist welfare policies, although never strong, was further weakened as maternal employment grew and as more women of color and unwed mothers gained access to welfare. Since the late 1960s, efforts to reform the welfare system led to the expansion of federal welfare-to-work programs, which have largely tracked participants into low-wage jobs. Child-care subsidies also expanded in this period, but have remained relatively minimal and distributed in ways that reinforced class divisions among working families.
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Ellis, Michael. Caring for Autism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190259358.001.0001.
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When a professional states, "Your child has Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)", it is enough to make your whole world fall apart. What does it mean to be on the autism spectrum? How will this affect your child's life, your life, the life of your family, and others you interact with? What sorts of medications, therapies, and alternative methods are used to help manage the disorder? What are the financial and legal ramifications? How will this affect schooling, your spiritual growth, and everyday life? These are just a few of the questions that will rapidly cross your mind. Caring for Autism: Practical Advice from a Parent and Physician delves into all these questions and more. As the father of a daughter with ASD and as a trained psychiatrist who specializes in ASD, Dr. Michael A. Ellis provides a holistic view of what comes after diagnosis. In user-friendly tones, he answers the most commonly asked questions about what it's actually like to live with ASD, what medications and therapies are available, and the global impact it has on the child's environment. With the help of his wife, Lori Layton Ellis, to provide a mother's perspective, Dr. Ellis shares personal stories of their 10-year journey in order to provide insight and support for anyone - patient, parent, caregiver - traversing the difficulties of autism.
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Holmes, Robyn M. Cultural Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199343805.001.0001.
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Cultural psychology draws upon major psychological topics, theories, and principles to illustrate the importance of culture in psychological inquiry. It explores how culture broadly connects to psychological processing across diverse cultural communities and settings, highlighting its application to everyday life events and situations, and presenting culture as a complex medium in which individuals acquire skills, values, and abilities. One central theme is the view of culture as a mental and physical construct that individuals live, experience, share, perform, and learn; a second core theme is how culture shapes growth and development. Culture-specific and cross-cultural examples reveal connections between culture and psychological phenomena. The text is multidisciplinary and presents different perspectives on how culture shapes human phenomena. It provides an introduction to this field; covers the history of cultural psychology, cultural evolution, and cultural ecology; explains methods; and examines language and nonverbal communication, and cognition and perception. Topics investigating social behavior include the self, identity, and personality; social relationships, social attitudes, and intergroup contact in a global world; and social influence, aggression, violence, and war. Topics addressing growth and development include human development and its processes, transitions, and rituals across the life span; and socializing agents, socialization practices, and child activities. Additional topics explore emotion and motivation, mental health and psychopathology, and future directions for cultural psychology. Chapters contain teaching and learning tools, including case studies, multidisciplinary contributions, thought-provoking questions, class and experiential activities, a chapter summary, and additional print and media resources.
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Majumdar, Anindita. Transnational Commercial Surrogacy and the (Un)Making of Kin in India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474363.001.0001.
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Billed as an emerging transnational industry, the commercial surrogacy arrangement is more than mere commerce. It involves the birth of kin and relationships that include cross-cultural dialogues and conflicts between forms of reproduction and birthing. The process of making kin is fraught with different forms of negotiations regarding biology, nurture, pregnancy, and parenthood. This book engages with the idea of emerging forms of families and meanings of kinship in a transnational world through ethnographic research, kinship, gender studies, and science and technology studies. The ethnography draws from a context that is enmeshed in the local–global politics of reproduction, and the engaging and ongoing debate regarding ethics and morality in the sphere of reproductive rights. Drawing from conversations with foreign couples coming to India to hire Indian surrogates through Indian fertility clinics, lawmakers, and clinicians, this book looks at the politics of foreign gay couples seeking families through surrogacy in India, identity giving processes to the babies born to foreign couples, the clinicians understanding of kinship, the networks of commerce and agents, and the ways in which the surrogate and her husband positions itself within the arrangement. The mapping of transnational commercial surrogacy in its processual, dynamic representation—from the choice of the arrangement, to the pregnancy and finally to the birth of the child—is done in broad stages. This book aims to present an important ethnographic picture of a complicated, controversial practice such as commercial surrogacy by focusing on its relevance for kinship and our understanding of interpersonal relationships at large.
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Annesley, Claire, Karen Beckwith, and Susan Franceschet. Cabinets, Ministers, and Gender. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190069018.001.0001.
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Cabinets, Ministers, and Gender explores why men have been more likely than women to be appointed to cabinet, why gendered patterns of appointment vary cross-nationally, and why, over time, women’s inclusion in cabinets has grown significantly. The book is innovative in conceiving of cabinet formation as a gendered process governed by rules that empower and constrain presidents and prime ministers as selectors of cabinet ministers, and rules that prescribe, prohibit, and permit a range of criteria (experiential, affiliational, and representational) that qualify individuals for inclusion in cabinet. Focusing on seven country cases (Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) using three data sets—elite interviews, media data, and autobiographies—the book reveals the complex sets of rules governing cabinet formation in each country and demonstrates their gendered effects. The book shows how different types of rules empower and constrain selectors, and how these rules interact to create different opportunities and obstacles for women’s cabinet inclusion. The findings demonstrate how institutional change emerges from a complex iterative process through which political actors interpret and exploit ambiguity in rules to deviate from past practices of appointing mostly male cabinets. These selectors help to develop new rules about women’s inclusion, which constrain future leaders in assembling their cabinet. The authors coin the term “concrete floor” to capture the process by which minimum levels for women’s cabinet inclusion are established and become locked in over time, explaining how competing rules for cabinet appointments, changing norms, and women’s mobilization in political parties shape outcomes.
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Walters, Dale. Chocolate Crisis. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401674.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Chocolate is the center of a massive global industry worth billions of dollars annually, yet its future in our modern world is currently under threat. Here, Dale Walters discusses the problems posed by plant diseases, pests, and climate change, looking at what these mean for the survival of the cacao tree. Walters takes readers to the origins of the cacao tree in the Amazon basin of South America, describing how ancient cultures used the beans produced by the plant, and follows the rise of chocolate as an international commodity over many centuries. He explains that most cacao is now grown on small family farms in Latin America, West Africa, and Indonesia, and that the crop is not easy to make a living from. Diseases such as frosty pod rot, witches’ broom, and swollen shoot, along with pests such as sap-sucking capsids, cocoa pod borers, and termites, cause substantial losses every year. Most alarmingly, cacao growers are beginning to experience the accelerating effects of global warming and deforestation. Projections suggest that cultivation in many of the world’s traditional cacao-growing regions might soon become impossible. Providing an up-to-date picture of the state of the cacao bean today, this book also includes a look at complex issues such as farmer poverty and child labor, and examines options for sustainable production amid a changing climate. Walters shows that the industry must tackle these problems in order to save this global cultural staple and to protect the people who make their livelihoods from producing it.
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Jiménez, Catalina, Julen Requejo, Miguel Foces, Masato Okumura, Marco Stampini, and Ana Castillo. Silver Economy: A Mapping of Actors and Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003237.
Full textAbstract:
Latin America and the Caribbean, unlike other regions, is still quite young demographically: people over age 60 make up around 11% of the total population. However, the region is expected to experience the fastest rate of population aging in the world over the coming decades. This projected growth of the elderly population raises challenges related to pensions, health, and long-term care. At the same time, it opens up numerous business opportunities in different sectorshousing, tourism, care, and transportation, for examplethat could generate millions of new jobs. These opportunities are termed the “silver economy,” which has the potential to be one of the drivers of post-pandemic economic recovery. Importantly, women play key roles in many areas of this market, as noted in the first report published by the IDB on this subject (Okumura et al., 2020). This report maps the actors whose products or services are intended for older people and examines silver economy trends in the region by sector: health, long-term care, finance, housing, transportation, job market, education, entertainment, and digitization. The mapping identified 245 actors whose products or services are intended for older people, and it yielded three main findings. The first is that the majority of the actors (40%) operate in the health and care sectors. The prevalence of these sectors could be due to the fact that they are made up of many small players, and it could also suggest a still limited role of older people in active consumption, investment, and the job market in the region. The second finding is that 90% of the silver economy actors identified by the study operate exclusively in their countries of origin, and that Mexico has the most actors (47), followed by the Southern Cone countriesBrazil, Chile, and Argentinawhich have the regions highest rates of population aging. The third finding is that private investment dominates the silver economy ecosystem, as nearly 3 out of every 4 actors offering services to the elderly population are for-profit enterprises. The sectors and markets of the silver economy differ in size and degree of maturity. For example, the long-term care sector, which includes residential care settings, is the oldest and has the largest number of actors, while sectors like digital, home automation, and cohousing are still emerging. Across all sectors, however, there are innovative initiatives that hold great potential for growth. This report examines the main development trends of the silver economy in the region and presents examples of initiatives that are already underway. The health sector has a wealth of initiatives designed to make managing chronic diseases easier and to prevent and reduce the impact of functional limitations through practices that encourage active aging. In the area of long term careone of the most powerful drivers of job creationinitiatives to train human resources and offer home care services are flourishing. The financial sector is beginning to meet a wide range of demands from older people by offering unique services such as remittances or property management, in addition to more traditional pensions, savings, and investment services. The housing sector is adapting rapidly to the changes resulting from population aging. This shift can be seen, for example, in developments in the area of cohousing or collaborative housing, and in the rise of smart homes, which are emerging as potential solutions. In the area of transportation, specific solutions are being developed to meet the unique mobility needs of older people, whose economic and social participation is on the rise. The job market offers older people opportunities to continue contributing to society, either by sharing their experience or by earning income. The education sector is developing solutions that promote active aging and the ongoing participation of older people in the regions economic and social life. Entertainment services for older people are expanding, with the emergence of multiple online services. Lastly, digitization is a cross-cutting and fundamental challenge for the silver economy, and various initiatives in the region that directly address this issue were identified. Additionally, in several sectors we identified actors with a clear focus on gender, and these primarily provide support to women. Of a total of 245 actors identified by the mapping exercise, we take a closer look at 11 different stories of the development of the silver economy in the region. The featured organizations are RAFAM Internacional (Argentina), TeleDx (Chile), Bonanza Asistencia (Costa Rica), NudaProp (Uruguay), Contraticos (Costa Rica), Maturi (Brazil), Someone Somewhere (Mexico), CONAPE (Dominican Republic), Fundación Saldarriaga Concha (Colombia), Plan Ibirapitá (Uruguay), and Canitas (Mexico). These organizations were chosen based on criteria such as how innovative their business models are, the current size and growth potential of their initiatives, and their impact on society. This study is a first step towards mapping the silver economy in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the hope is to broaden the scope of this mapping exercise through future research and through the creation of a community of actors to promote the regional integration of initiatives in this field.