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Academic literature on the topic 'Chiller systems'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Chiller systems"

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Leung, Michael Kwok Hi, Chi Yan Tso, Wei Wu, Zhanying Zheng, and Jingyu Cao. "Chillers of air-conditioning systems: An overview." HKIE Transactions 27, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v27n3thie-2019-0055.

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In tropical and subtropical regions, air-conditioning commonly consumes the most energy in buildings. The chillers used in existing air-conditioning systems are largely based on thermodynamic vapour compression cycle because the cycle is highly effective, efficient and practical. Moreover, the system installation and operation are convenient when grid electricity is available. Popular vapour compression chiller types include air-cooled, water-cooled, seawater-cooled and oil-free chillers. In addition, thermal-driven absorption and adsorption chillers have become available in the market. Viable sources of thermal energy input include fuel combustion, renewable solar energy, waste heat, and so on. This paper provides an overview of different types of chillers and system configurations in terms of mechanisms, characteristics, energy efficiency, environmental performance and costs. The technical information and comparisons should help engineers select the chiller type in air-conditioning system design for achieving high sustainability.
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Dai, Ming He, Zhi Ping Zhou, and Xing Xue. "Test and Energy Consumption Analysis of Air-Conditioning Systems in Terminal Building of Guilin Liangjiang International Airport." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2652.

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In this paper, the operating conditions of air-conditioning systems in Terminal building of Guilin LiangJiang International Airport were tested and analysed. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of chilled water temperature on water chiller performance and derives the relationship of COP of water chiller and chilled water temperature difference between inlet and outlet , and provides reference for operation mode’s optimization of the air-conditioning system and energy consumption reduction of the whole building.
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Phu, Nguyen Minh. "Overall Optimization and Exergy Analysis of an Air Conditioning System Using a Series-Series Counterflow Arrangement of Water Chillers." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 04 (November 25, 2019): 1950034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500342.

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When water chillers are arranged in series-series counterflow (SSCF), the compressor lift of each chiller is decreased in comparison with that of water chillers in parallel. This means that the compressor power of SSCF chillers is lower than that of parallel chillers. In this paper, models of the main components in an air conditioning system were developed and verified to predict the behaviors of the whole system with respect to SSCF chillers. The results showed that performance was maximized with three SSCF chillers when the system was operated with normal set points. The performance was further improved to 26% and decreased with the number of SSCF chillers when the system was operated with optimal set points. The SSCF chiller system also demonstrated higher exergy efficiency regardless of the number of SSCF chillers. The irreversibility of components in SSCF chillers was rather low. However, the irreversibility of the cooling tower and cooling coil was slightly higher and lower, respectively, than those in the parallel chiller system.
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Zamanian, Erfan, Julian Shun, Carsten Binnig, and Tim Kraska. "Chiller." ACM SIGMOD Record 50, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3471485.3471490.

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Distributed transactions on high-overhead TCP/IP-based networks were conventionally considered to be prohibitively expensive. In fact, the primary goal of existing partitioning schemes is to minimize the number of cross-partition transactions. However, with the new generation of fast RDMAenabled networks, this assumption is no longer valid. In this paper, we first make the case that the new bottleneck which hinders truly scalable transaction processing in modern RDMA-enabled databases is data contention, and that optimizing for data contention leads to different partitioning layouts than optimizing for the number of distributed transactions. We then present Chiller, a new approach to data partitioning and transaction execution, which aims to minimize data contention for both local and distributed transactions.
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Fekete, Alan D. "Chiller." ACM SIGMOD Record 50, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3471485.3471489.

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Many computing researchers and practitioners may be surprised to find a "research highlight" which innovates on the way to process database transactions. Work in the early 1970s, by Turing winner Jim Gray and others, established a standard set of techniques for transaction management. These remain the basis of most commercial and open-source platforms [1], and they are still taught in university database classes. So why is important research still needed in this topic? The technology environment keeps evolving, and new performance characteristics mean that new algorithms and system designs become appropriate. This perspective will summarise the early work, and point to how the field has continued to progress.
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Kuczyńska, Agnieszka, and Władysław Szaflik. "Absorption and adsorption chillers applied to air conditioning systems." Archives of Thermodynamics 31, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-010-0010-0.

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Absorption and adsorption chillers applied to air conditioning systemsThis work presents an application possibility of sorption refrigerators driven by low temperature fluid for air conditioning of buildings. Thermodynamic models were formulated and absorption LiBr-water chiller with 10 kW cooling power as well as adsorption chiller with silica gel bed were investigated. Both of them are using water for desorption process with temperatureTdes= 80 °C. Coefficient of performance (COP) for both cooling cycles was analyzed in the same conditions of the driving heat source, cooling waterTc= 25 °C and temperature in evaporatorTevap= 5 °C. In this study, the computer software EES was used to investigate the performance of absorption heat pump system and its behaviour in configuration with geothermal heat source.
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SATHTHASIVAM, JAYAPRAKASH, GARY TANG, and KIM CHOON NG. "EVALUATION OF THE SIMPLE THERMODYNAMIC MODEL (GORDON AND NG UNIVERSAL CHILLER MODEL) AS A FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS TOOL FOR ON-SITE CENTRIFUGAL CHILLERS." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 18, no. 01 (March 2010): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132510000071.

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The application of Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) could play a key role in operating chillers at optimum efficiency. As air-conditioning consumes a significant proportion (approximately 30% to 50%) of the total power consumption of a commercial building, an effective FDD tool is very much required for a reliable and economic chiller operation. In this paper, the renowned Simple Thermodynamic Model, STM (also known as Gordon and Ng Universal Chiller Model) was utilized to detect and diagnose some of the common faults in centrifugal chillers. Based on the readily available, nonintrusive, steady state measurements extracted from the on-site chillers, the STM model was regressed to obtain two physically meaningful coefficients, namely, Thermal Resistance and Internal Entropy Generation. These information-rich coefficients were then analyzed to evaluate the performances and the conditions of the chillers. Despite the large and yet complex on-site chiller operations, equipped with built-in heat recovery, such as economizer and intricate control mechanisms, the predictive and diagnostic capabilities of STM in detecting chiller faults has been successfully tested and evaluated based on the data collected from on-site centrifugal chillers. Faults like condenser fouling and reduction in condenser cooling water flow rate were succinctly captured by the STM model.
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Kaya, A., and A. Sommer. "Energy Management of Chillers by Multilevel Control and Optimization." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 107, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3140735.

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This paper deals with multilevel control and optimization of a chiller system. The system consists of multiple chillers, feed pumps, and cooling towers. A multilevel control structure is presented. The first level contains control loops for chilled water temperature, vane position, and condenser water temperature. Second level controls provide supervisory adjustments of set points of first level controls. Third level is optimum load allocation of chillers and pumps. A fourth level supervisory deals with the coordination of conflicting goals of subsystems to provide a load strategy. Performance analysis (monitoring, trouble shooting) are also presented. A digital and distributed control system is utilized for implementation. The distributed system has a flexible architecture compatible for each level of control sophistication. It offers simple function blocks for digital control of first-level loops, as well as, the higher levels without any need of computer programming.
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Ayou, Dereje S., and Alberto Coronas. "New Developments and Progress in Absorption Chillers for Solar Cooling Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124073.

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At present, novel, small-to-large capacity absorption chillers with unique technical features have emerged on the global market, and laboratory and pre-industrial prototypes have also been developed. These chillers have been designed for the efficient use of low-grade heat sources; some are air-cooled, small capacity systems; compact water/LiBr chillers; or solar-gas-fired single/double-effect chillers. Also, some advanced commercial absorption chillers have an extensive temperature glide in the driving heat stream (>30 K) which extracts approximately twice as much heat (~200%) as the single-effect chiller. This large temperature glide means that the chillers are well suited to solar thermal collector installations and district heating networks, and the extra driving heat increases cold production. Moreover, recent advances in R718 turbo compressor technologies have helped to solve the problems water/LiBr absorption chillers have in adapting to extreme operating conditions (e.g., high ambient temperature, >35 °C) by using a compressor-boosted absorption chiller configuration. This review paper presents and discusses the developments and progress in these absorption chiller technologies. In summary, the new absorption chillers may be useful for developing efficient, cost-effective, and robust solar cooling solutions that are needed to mitigate the unsustainable impact of the rising global demand for space cooling.
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Radchenko, Andrii M. "Gas turbine intake air cooling systems of combined type and their optimum designing." Joupnal of New Technologies in Environmental Science 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30540/jntes-2020-2.1.

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Turbine intake air cooling (TIAC) by absorption lithium-bromide chillers (ACh) utilizing the exhaust heat is considered as the most effective fuel saving technology for temperate climatic conditions. But the cooling potential of TIAC systems based on ACh of a simple cycle is limited by a comparatively increased chilled water temperature of about 7°C excluding cooling intake air lower than 15°C. The application of a refrigerant as a coolant enables deeper cooling intake air to 10°C and lower. The application of two-stage hybrid absorption-ejector chillers (AECh) with a refrigerant ejector chiller (ECh) as a low temperature stage makes it possible to increase the annual fuel saving approximately twice in temperate climate due to deeper cooling air as compared with ACh. Furthermore, this effect can be achieved with the sizes of TIAC system reduced by about 20 % due to determining the rational refrigeration capacity of AECh providing practically maximum annual fuel saving increment and the use of the current excessive refrigeration capacities to cover peaked loads.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chiller systems"

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Lilly, Dana Elizabeth. "Analysis and performance of gas-electric hybrid chiller systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15996.

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Liu, Hubert H. "Analytsis and performance optimization of commercial chiller/cooling tower systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15895.

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Weber, Eric Dean. "Modeling and general optimization of commercial building chiller/cooling tower systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16874.

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Liao, Xiaohong. "The development of an air-cooled absorption chiller concept and its integration in CHP systems." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2176.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Mirza-Tolouee, Changiz M., and n/a. "Experimental study of zeotropic refrigerant mixture HFC-407C as a replacement for HCFC-22 in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070416.141307.

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HCFC-22 is the world�s most widely used refrigerant. It serves in both residential and commercial applications, from small window units to large water chillers, and everything in between. Its particular combination of efficiency, capacity and pressure has made it a popular choice for equipment designers. Nevertheless, it does have some ODP, so international law set forth in the Montreal Protocol and its Copenhagen and Vienna amendments have put HCFC-22 on a phase out schedule. In developed countries, production of HCFC-22 will end no later than the year 2030. Zeotropic blend HFC-407C has been established as a drop-in alternative for HCFC-22 in the industry due to their zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and similarities in thermodynamic properties and performance. However, when a system is charged with a zeotropic mixture, it raises concerns about temperature glide at two-phase state, differential oil solubility and internal composition shift. Not enough research has been done to cover all aspects of alternative refrigerants applications in the systems. This research intended to explore behavior of this alternative refrigerants compare to HCFC-22 and challenges facing the industry in design, operation service and maintenance of these equipments. The purpose of this research is to investigate behavior of R407C refrigerant in chiller systems. This includes performance and efficiency variations when it replaces R22 in an existing system as well as challenges involved maintaining the system charged with R407C. It is a common practice in the industry these days to evacuate and completely recharge when part of the new refrigerant blend was leaked from the system. This has proved to be extremely costly exercise with grave environmental ramifications. This research is intended to address challenges faced in the real world and practical terms. Theoretical and experimental approaches used as a methodology in this work. The system mathematically modeled to predict detailed system performance and effect of the leak at various conditions. To make this feasible and accurate enough, two separate approaches made, first system performance for pure R22 and R407C, and second system subjected to range of leak fractions. The earlier model was relatively straight forward when compared to the latter. Modeling a system charged with R407C ternary mixture and subjected to range of leaks posed enormous challenges. A sophisticated experimental test apparatus was also designed and built. Comprehensive and detailed tests at various conditions were conducted with special attention on instrumental accuracy and correct methodology. The first part has been successfully modeled and predicted all the factors and performance with excellent accuracy when compared to the test results. In these approaches pure refrigerants R22 and R407C were used and simulated the system behavior at range of conditions. However, the second part was the most challenging ever. Comprehensive leak process simulations produced trends of R32/R125/R134a composition change as function of rate of leak. Starting from this point, equations have been created to represent the composition change as function of percentage of the leak. The system thermodynamic cycle was also modeled to calculate capacity, power input and COP at the range of the conditions. Despite many affecting parameters and complexity of the model, the mathematical model successfully predicted the test outcome with a very reasonable accuracy, averaging around 3% with some times reaching to 5 to 6%. On the experimental stage the system charged with the new HFC-407C was deliberately subjected to refrigerant leak at various leak stages. The aim was to objectively determine to what extend the gas leak can be still acceptable without going through the expensive complete gas charge. The effect of leak was tested and verified at 10% steps, from 10% up to 50% mass fraction for the total charge. It has been observed that at the leaks beyond 30%, the adverse effect on the capacity becomes more significant, from 8 to about 15% decrease. While the power input decreased at slower pace, from 3% up to about 8% depending on the test conditions. This translated to COP decrease ranging from 4 to about 7%. This capacity loss and efficiency decrease are significant figures which suggests that the system, here chiller, can not be allowed to degrade the performance to that extend and still continue operating.
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Ghaghazanian, Arash. "System Integration of PV/T Collectors in Solar Cooling Systems." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-19554.

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The demand for cooling and air-conditioning of building is increasingly ever growing. This increase is mostly due to population and economic growth in developing countries, and also desire for a higher quality of thermal comfort. Increase in the use of conventional cooling systems results in larger carbon footprint and more greenhouse gases considering their higher electricity consumption, and it occasionally creates peaks in electricity demand from power supply grid. Solar energy as a renewable energy source is an alternative to drive the cooling machines since the cooling load is generally high when solar radiation is high. This thesis examines the performance of PV/T solar collector manufactured by Solarus company in a solar cooling system for an office building in Dubai, New Delhi, Los Angeles and Cape Town. The study is carried out by analyzing climate data and the requirements for thermal comfort in office buildings. Cooling systems strongly depend on weather conditions and local climate. Cooling load of buildings depend on many parameters such as ambient temperature, indoor comfort temperature, solar gain to the building and internal gains including; number of occupant and electrical devices. The simulations were carried out by selecting a suitable thermally driven chiller and modeling it with PV/T solar collector in Polysun software. Fractional primary energy saving and solar fraction were introduced as key figures of the project to evaluate the performance of cooling system. Several parametric studies and simulations were determined according to PV/T aperture area and hot water storage tank volume. The fractional primary energy saving analysis revealed that thermally driven chillers, particularly adsorption chillers are not suitable to be utilizing in small size of solar cooling systems in hot and tropic climates such as Dubai and New Delhi. Adsorption chillers require more thermal energy to meet the cooling load in hot and dry climates. The adsorption chillers operate in their full capacity and in higher coefficient of performance when they run in a moderate climate since they can properly reject the exhaust heat. The simulation results also indicated that PV/T solar collector have higher efficiency in warmer climates, however it requires a larger size of PV/T collectors to supply the thermally driven chillers for providing cooling in hot climates. Therefore using an electrical chiller as backup gives much better results in terms of primary energy savings, since PV/T electrical production also can be used for backup electrical chiller in a net metering mechanism.
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Sala, Cardoso Enric. "Advanced energy management strategies for HVAC systems in smart buildings." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668528.

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The efficacy of the energy management systems at dealing with energy consumption in buildings has been a topic with a growing interest in recent years due to the ever-increasing global energy demand and the large percentage of energy being currently used by buildings. The scale of this sector has attracted research effort with the objective of uncovering potential improvement avenues and materializing them with the help of recent technological advances that could be exploited to lower the energetic footprint of buildings. Specifically, in the area of heating, ventilating and air conditioning installations, the availability of large amounts of historical data in building management software suites makes possible the study of how resource-efficient these systems really are when entrusted with ensuring occupant comfort. Actually, recent reports have shown that there is a gap between the ideal operating performance and the performance achieved in practice. Accordingly, this thesis considers the research of novel energy management strategies for heating, ventilating and air conditioning installations in buildings, aimed at narrowing the performance gap by employing data-driven methods to increase their context awareness, allowing management systems to steer the operation towards higher efficiency. This includes the advancement of modeling methodologies capable of extracting actionable knowledge from historical building behavior databases, through load forecasting and equipment operational performance estimation supporting the identification of a building’s context and energetic needs, and the development of a generalizable multi-objective optimization strategy aimed at meeting these needs while minimizing the consumption of energy. The experimental results obtained from the implementation of the developed methodologies show a significant potential for increasing energy efficiency of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems while being sufficiently generic to support their usage in different installations having diverse equipment. In conclusion, a complete analysis and actuation framework was developed, implemented and validated by means of an experimental database acquired from a pilot plant during the research period of this thesis. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed standalone contributions, and as a whole represent a suitable solution for helping to increase the performance of heating, ventilating and air conditioning installations without affecting the comfort of their occupants.
L’eficàcia dels sistemes de gestió d’energia per afrontar el consum d’energia en edificis és un tema que ha rebut un interès en augment durant els darrers anys a causa de la creixent demanda global d’energia i del gran percentatge d’energia que n’utilitzen actualment els edificis. L’escala d’aquest sector ha atret l'atenció de nombrosa investigació amb l’objectiu de descobrir possibles vies de millora i materialitzar-les amb l’ajuda de recents avenços tecnològics que es podrien aprofitar per disminuir les necessitats energètiques dels edificis. Concretament, en l’àrea d’instal·lacions de calefacció, ventilació i climatització, la disponibilitat de grans bases de dades històriques als sistemes de gestió d’edificis fa possible l’estudi de com d'eficients són realment aquests sistemes quan s’encarreguen d'assegurar el confort dels seus ocupants. En realitat, informes recents indiquen que hi ha una diferència entre el rendiment operatiu ideal i el rendiment generalment assolit a la pràctica. En conseqüència, aquesta tesi considera la investigació de noves estratègies de gestió de l’energia per a instal·lacions de calefacció, ventilació i climatització en edificis, destinades a reduir la diferència de rendiment mitjançant l’ús de mètodes basats en dades per tal d'augmentar el seu coneixement contextual, permetent als sistemes de gestió dirigir l’operació cap a zones de treball amb un rendiment superior. Això inclou tant l’avanç de metodologies de modelat capaces d’extreure coneixement de bases de dades de comportaments històrics d’edificis a través de la previsió de càrregues de consum i l’estimació del rendiment operatiu dels equips que recolzin la identificació del context operatiu i de les necessitats energètiques d’un edifici, tant com del desenvolupament d’una estratègia d’optimització multi-objectiu generalitzable per tal de minimitzar el consum d’energia mentre es satisfan aquestes necessitats energètiques. Els resultats experimentals obtinguts a partir de la implementació de les metodologies desenvolupades mostren un potencial important per augmentar l'eficiència energètica dels sistemes de climatització, mentre que són prou genèrics com per permetre el seu ús en diferents instal·lacions i suportant equips diversos. En conclusió, durant aquesta tesi es va desenvolupar, implementar i validar un marc d’anàlisi i actuació complet mitjançant una base de dades experimental adquirida en una planta pilot durant el període d’investigació de la tesi. Els resultats obtinguts demostren l’eficàcia de les contribucions de manera individual i, en conjunt, representen una solució idònia per ajudar a augmentar el rendiment de les instal·lacions de climatització sense afectar el confort dels seus ocupants
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Richard, Scott J. "A Study on the Integration of a Novel Absorption Chiller into a Microscale Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (Micro-CCHP) System." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1765.

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This study explores the application of micro-CCHP systems that utilize a 30 kW gas microturbine and an absorption chiller. Engineering Equation Solver (EES) is used to model a novel single-effect and double-effect water-lithium bromide absorption chiller that integrates the heat recovery unit and cooling tower of a conventional CCHP system into the chiller’s design, reducing the cost and footprint of the system. The results of the EES model are used to perform heat and material balances for the micro-CCHP systems employing the novel integrated chillers, and energy budgets for these systems are developed. While the thermal performance of existing CCHP systems range from 50-70%, the resulting thermal performance of the new systems in this study can double those previously documented. The size of the new system can be significantly reduced to less than one third the size of the existing system.
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Le, Alex. "An economic comparison between two district cooling systems in Halmstad." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25752.

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The supply of cooling has increased significantly in recent years, the trend shows that the increase will continue one reason is that the standard of living has increased, but EU has also set a requirement that energy consumption must be better at the same time. With “better” means more efficient and environmentally friendly. District cooling today uses either chillers or naturally available cold sources such as deep sea water, lake water or cold air. Cold air is, of course, only available when the seasons permit it and the cold air is not available when comfort cooling is needed for e.g. offices. The only alternative for areas that do not have a cold water source nearby is to use chillers. The most common chillers today are compressor chillers and absorption chillers. The most interesting chiller for the energy and environmental company HEM in Halmstad, is the absorption chiller which is driven by heat. HEM has, during the summer, surplus heat produced in Kristinehed plant which they want to use, they also have an increased inventory of waste during the summer which they get from the municipality of Halland. This heat is, of course, qualified to be used in the making of cold. Absorption chillers is today, however, not as common as compressor chillers which are capable of dealing with most cooling capacities, from small to large, and simultaneously works more or less flawlessly. Most of today’s absorption chillers are of a few hundred kW and upwards while there are no absorption chillers for the smaller effects, they are also very expensive and can have problems with crystallization of the absorbent if the operation is handled incorrectly. But it’s also expensive when it comes to piping of district cooling networks depending on where the pipes are desired, for example if it is the middle of town or over a grass field. A fictional project of the area Sannarp is used for a case study in this thesis where one investment alternative was to extend the existing district cooling pipes and another alternative was to invest in absorption chillers to meet the company's cooling demand. The results were obviously much affected by the area's layout and the distance to the first company starting from the existing pipe. The company's cooling demand also affected the results and the first alternatives investment cost could only be competitive with alternative 2 because the distance was just of the right length. If the distance to the company had been shorter, then the cooling demand for the same company has had to be less. The conclusion of the project was still in the end that and expansion of the current district cooling network to the company was the most feasible and economically advantageous.
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Hein, Maria. "The carbon footprint caused by the oversizing of building service systems : A case study of an NHS Hospital." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281540.

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Energy usage in buildings is a main contributor to CO2 emissions and in order for the EU to reach the 2050 goal of carbon-neutrality, there is a great need to improve the energy efficiency in buildings, particularly commercial buildings that often are substantially overdesigned. Excess margins in the design process of building services result in an oversizing of these systems which has great environmental impacts, divided up as the operational and embodied carbon footprints. The heating and cooling system of an NHS Hospital in southern England was studied and modelled in order to identify whether the system was overdesigned and to quantify the oversizing’s carbon footprint, which was the aim of the study. The cooling system of the NHS Hospital was determined potentially oversized and the focus of the thesis was therefore on the cooling system. It included the chillers that provide cooling, and the associated adiabatic coolers that provide heat rejection, as well as the affiliated pumps. The carbon footprint of this system was quantified, based on the operational energy use, the current grid carbon factor, environmental performance evaluations of units, observations and assumptions, and its cooling capacity was compared to the demand of the hospital. An optimised alternative was developed through analysis of the current system and its capacity, and the demand at the site, as well as based on the learnings of the background research. The system was designed to consist of smaller chillers and a reduced pumping system, to more correctly match the cooling demand. The optimised system was also modelled, its capacity compared to the demand, and its carbon footprint quantified. A future estimation of the two systems’ carbon footprints was calculated for year 2035, based on a projected grid carbon factor. The systems’ setups and carbon footprints were then compared for the current and projected scenarios, and the results discussed, also in regard to mitigation strategies that could lead to a reduction of oversizing and lower the environmental impacts. The results indicate that the yearly carbon footprint difference for the current scenario was approximately 539 tonnes CO2 eq, which was 43% greater than the optimised system’s carbon footprint. Whereas the yearly difference for the projected scenario was estimated to approximately 562 tonnes CO2eq, which was 752% greater than the optimised system’s carbon footprint in a possible future. This demonstrates the great environmental impact caused by the oversizing of cooling systems. The current system’s embodied carbon footprint was estimated to 3.3% of the total carbon footprint for the current scenario, and 4.8% for the projected scenario. Whereas the optimised system’s embodied carbon footprint was estimated to 1.5% for the current scenario, and 8.6% for the projected scenario. This demonstrates the large share of the embodied carbon footprint of the current, oversized system, compared to the optimised system that is sized more correctly for the cooling demand. Furthermore, it shows the anticipated raised proportion of the embodied carbon footprint of a product or system’s total future carbon footprint, since it increases for both the systems with time. The elevated share of the embodied carbon footprint in the future raises the need to address this factor and make it a priority. The key to a correctly sized system that meets the demand was determined to be precise calculations of the requirements and the elimination of excess margins that lack quantifiable justification. This results in an improved environmental performance where the system operates at its optimum level. The stakeholders’ involvement and influence throughout a transparent design process with clear communication, and incentives that provide financial aid to appropriately sized systems, as well as environmental impact evaluations of products, among others, are essential factors with major influence on the outcome. These elements are considered crucial for the reduction of the excess carbon footprint caused by the oversizing of building service systems.
Byggnaders energianvändning är en markant bidragande faktor till koldioxidutsläppen, och för att EU ska kunna nå målet att vara klimatneutral år 2050 finns det ett stort behov av att förbättra energieffektiviteten i byggnader, särskilt kommersiella byggnader som ofta är väsentligt överdesignade. Överskottsmarginaler i designprocessen av byggnadstjänster resulterar i en överdimensionering, som har en enorm miljöpåverkan, vilken delas upp som det operativa och det inneslutna klimatavtrycket. Studiens syfte var att studera och modellera värme- och kylsystemet på ett sjukhus i södra England för att identifiera om systemet var överdimensionerat, och för att kvantifiera dess klimatavtryck. Sjukhusets kylsystem bedömdes vara potentiellt överdimensionerat och studiens fokus var därför på kylsystemet. Det inkluderade kylarna som ger kylning och de anknutna adiabatiska kylarna som ger värmebortförsel, samt de tillhörande pumparna. Klimatavtrycket för systemet kvantifierades, baserat på den operativa energianvändningen, den nuvarande koldioxidfaktorn för elnätet, miljöutvärderingar av enheter, observationer och antaganden, och dess kylkapacitet jämfördes med sjukhusets behov. Ett optimerat alternativ utvecklades genom analys av det nuvarande systemet och dess kapacitet, och behovet på platsen, samt baserat på lärdomarna i litteraturforskningen. Systemet var utformat för att bestå av mindre kylare och ett reducerat pumpsystem för att bättre matcha kylbehovet. Även det optimerade systemet modellerades, dess kapacitet jämfördes med behovet, och dess klimatavtryck kvantifierades. En framtida uppskattning av de två systemens klimatavtryck beräknades för år 2035, baserat på en prognostiserad koldioxidfaktor för elnätet. Systemens uppsättningar och klimatavtryck jämfördes för de nuvarande och framtida scenarierna, resultaten diskuterades sedan, även med avseende på mildringsstrategier som kan leda till en reducering av överdimensionering och minskad miljöpåverkan. Resultaten indikerar att den årliga skillnaden i klimatavtrycket för det nuvarande scenariot var cirka 539 ton koldioxidekvivalenter, vilket var 43% större än det optimerade systemets klimatavtryck. Medan den årliga skillnaden i klimatavtrycket för det framtida scenariot uppskattades till cirka 562 ton koldioxidekvivalenter, vilket var 752% större än det optimerade systemets klimatavtryck i en eventuell framtid. Detta visar på den stora miljöpåverkan som orsakas av överdimensionerade kylsystem. Det nuvarande systemets inneslutna klimatavtryck beräknades till 3.3% av det totala klimatavtrycket för det nuvarande scenariot, och 4.8% för det framtida scenariot. Medan det optimerade systemets inneslutna klimatavtryck för det nuvarande scenariot var 1.5%, och 8.6% för det framtida scenariot. Detta demonstrerar den stora andelen inneslutet klimatavtryck i det nuvarande systemet, jämfört med det optimerade systemet som är bättre anpassat för kylbehovet. Dessutom visar det som förväntat den ökade andelen inneslutet klimatavtryck för en produkts eller ett systems totala klimatavtryck i framtiden, eftersom båda systemens inneslutna klimatavtryck visade på en framtida ökning. Den framtida ökade andelen inneslutet klimatavtryck väcker behovet av att itu med denna växande faktor och göra den till en prioritering. Nyckeln till ett system med korrekt storlek, vars kapacitet möter behovet, bestämdes vara exakta beräkningar av kraven och frånvaron av överskottsmarginaler som saknar kvantifierbar motivering. Detta resulterar i en förbättrad miljöprestanda där systemet fungerar på sin optimala nivå. Berörda parters engagemang och inflytande genom en transparent designprocess med tydlig kommunikation, och incitament som ger ekonomiskt stöd till system av korrekt dimensionering, samt miljökonsekvensbedömningar av produkter, är några av de viktigaste faktorerna med stort inflytande på slutresultatet. Dessa element bedöms vara avgörande för att minska överskottet av klimatavtrycket som orsakas av en överdimensionering av byggnadstjänster.
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Books on the topic "Chiller systems"

1

Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. Design and Operation of Chilled Sea Water Systems. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Crapo, Chuck. Chilled seawater systems: Installation and operation on Alaskan vessels. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska, 1985.

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Westphalen, Detlef. Energy consumption characteristics of commercial building HVAC systems: Chillers, refrigerant compressors, and heating systems. Cambridge, MA: Arthur D. Little, Inc., 2001.

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Sohn, C. W. Chilled water storage cooling system at Fort Jackson, SC. [Champaign, IL]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1998.

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Health, Great Britain Dept of. Chilled and frozen: Guidelines on cook-chill and cook-freeze catering systems. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Wilson, Jacqueline Z., and Paul Ashton. Silent system: Forgotten Australians and the institutionalisation of women and childern. North Melbourne, Vic: Australian Scholarly, 2014.

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S, Abacus Consultants P. Technical assistance study of steam distribution system chiller plant optimization VAV conversions for Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926. Seattle, Wash: Abacus Consultants, 1989.

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Lee, John T. Managing threatened habitats using geographic information systems: A case study of the Chiltern Hills area of outstanding natural beauty. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2000.

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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Children & Families and New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Children & Families. Public hearing on problems facing immigrant families in the child welfare system. [Mineola]: EN-DE Reporting, 2002.

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Lipták, Béla G. Optimization of unit operations: Boilers, chemical reactors, chillers, clean rooms, compressors, condensers, cooling towers, fans, fired heaters, heat exchangers, HVAC systems, pumping stations, reboilers, vaporizers. Radnor, Pa: Chilton Book Co., 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chiller systems"

1

Rao, R. Venkata. "Optimization of Multiple Chiller Systems Using TLBO Algorithm." In Teaching Learning Based Optimization Algorithm, 115–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22732-0_8.

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Wang, Jiaming, Tianyi Zhao, and Wei Li. "The Online Evaluation System of Chiller Plant in HVAC System." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 271–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6733-5_25.

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Patnaik, Debprakash, Manish Marwah, Ratnesh K. Sharma, and Naren Ramakrishnan. "Data Mining for Modeling Chiller Systems in Data Centers." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 125–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13062-5_13.

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Jabari, Farkhondeh, Alireza Akbari Dibavar, and Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo. "Economic Dispatch of Multiple-Chiller Plants Using Wild Goats Algorithm." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 171–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34050-6_8.

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Xu, Chenrui, Kebin Jia, Zhuozheng Wang, and Ye Yuan. "A Multi-component Chiller Status Prediction Method Using E-LSTM." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 416–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3308-2_45.

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Radchenko, Mykola, Dariusz Mikielewicz, Andrii Andreev, Serhiy Vanyeyev, and Oleg Savenkov. "Efficient Ship Engine Cyclic Air Cooling by Turboexpander Chiller for Tropical Climatic Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 498–507. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66717-7_42.

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Chen, Zheliang, Pinshu Yang, and Fulin Wang. "Study on the Optimal Control Strategy for Condensing Side of Chiller Systems." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 187–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39578-9_20.

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Jia, Zhiyang, and Tianyi Zhao. "The Power Consumption Model of Chiller with Elman Neural Networks for On-line Prediction and Control." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 281–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6733-5_26.

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Radchenko, Roman, Maxim Pyrysunko, Victoria Kornienko, Ionut-Cristian Scurtu, and Radosław Patyk. "Improving the Ecological and Energy Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines by Ejector Chiller Using Recirculation Gas Heat." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 531–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66717-7_45.

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Jabari, Farkhondeh, and Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo. "Basic Open-Source Nonlinear Mixed Integer Programming Based Dynamic Economic Dispatch of Multi-chiller Plants." In Operation, Planning, and Analysis of Energy Storage Systems in Smart Energy Hubs, 121–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75097-2_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chiller systems"

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Song, Li, Ik-Seong Joo, and Mingsheng Liu. "Energy Use and Performance of a New Variable Primary-Flow Chilled Water System." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76066.

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The traditional chilled water loop has been designed as a primary/secondary (P/S) system for several years. The primary loop maintains constant chilled water flow through the evaporator, and the secondary loop is designed as a variable flow system in response to variations in building cooling load. The primary/secondary design separates the chiller operation from the building load requirements. This design principle has been working adequately for old chillers that require constant chilled water flow to achieve stable chiller performance. However, these chillers operate inefficiently and consume unnecessary pump power. In recent years, the chiller industry has begun the use of variable water flow through evaporators. Significant energy savings can be achieved by using the variable flow principle. This paper compares the P/S system with variable chilled water system and also proposes an innovative solution: chilled water supply temperature reset to maintain the minimum chilled water flow and eliminate by-pass water flow. The energy consumption models including pump power and chiller compressor power improvement are presented to simulate the energy performance of two systems. ASHRAE detailed cooling coil models are also adopted to simulate the cooling coil discharge air humidity in order to verify the impacts of the chilled water supply temperature reset. Finally, a case study building demonstrates experimental results. Up to 10% pump and compressor power saving is demonstrated by simulations and the case study.
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Mu, Baojie, Yaoyu Li, Timothy I. Salsbury, and John M. House. "Extremum Seeking Based Control Strategy for a Chilled-Water Plant With Parallel Chillers." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9949.

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Chilled-water plants with multiple chillers are the backbone of ventilation and air conditioning (VAC) systems for commercial buildings. A penalty function based multivariate extremum seeking control (ESC) strategy is proposed in this paper for maximizing the energy efficiency in real time for a variable primary flow (VPF) chilled-water plant with parallel chillers. The proposed ESC algorithm takes the total power consumption (chiller compressors + cooling tower fan + condenser water pumps + penalty terms if inputs saturation occurs) as feedback, and tower fan air flow, condenser water flows and evaporator leaving chilled-water temperature setpoint as plant inputs (ESC outputs). A band-pass filter array is used in place of the conventional high-pass filter at the plant output so as to reduce the cross-channel interference. Chiller sequencing is also enabled with input saturation related signals. A Modelica based dynamic simulation model is developed for a chilled-water plant with two parallel chillers, one cooling tower, one air-handling unit and one zone. Simulation results under several testing conditions validate the effectiveness of the proposed model-free control strategy, as well as the significant energy saving.
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Heydari, Ali, and Saeed Kargar. "Analysis and Optimized Design of a Packaged Liquid Chiller: Part I — Analytical Modelling." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72685.

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The purpose of this work is to develop a physical simulation model for the purpose of studying the effect of various design parameters on the performance of a packaged liquid chiller. A computer model which simulates the steady-state cyclic performance of a vapor compression chiller is developed for the purpose of performing detailed physical design analysis of actual industrial chillers. The model can be used for optimizing design and for detailed energy efficiency analysis of packaged liquid chillers. The simulation model takes into account presence of all chiller components such as compressor, shell-and-tube condenser and evaporator heat exchangers, thermostatic expansion valve and connection pipes and tubing’s by thermo-hydraulic modeling of heat transfer, fluids flow and thermodynamics processes in each one of the mentioned components. To verify the validity of the developed model, a 7.5 USRT packaged-liquid chiller is used and a laboratory test stand for brining the chiller to its standard steady-state performance condition is build. Experimental results obtained from testing the chiller in various load and temperature conditions are shown to be in good agreement with those obtained from simulating the performance of the chiller using the computer prediction model. In part II of this work, an entropy-minimization-optimization analysis is performed based on the developed analytical performance model of the chiller. The variation of design parameters in construction of shell-and-tube condenser and evaporator heat exchangers are studied using the developed performance and optimization analysis and simulation model and a best-match condition between the physical design and construction of chiller heat exchangers and its compressor is found to exist. It is expected that manufacturers of chillers and research organizations interested in developing energy-efficient design and analysis of chillers can take advantage of the presented study and its results.
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Mu, Baojie, Yaoyu Li, Bin Hu, and John E. Seem. "A Multi-Variable Newton-Based Extremum Seeking Control for a Chilled Water Plant With Variable Water and Air Flow." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6343.

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The chilled water system, typically consisting of chiller and cooling tower, plays a major role in the ventilation and air-conditioning systems in commercial buildings. Due to the significant power consumption of such system, improvement of its efficiency would lead to significant benefit in energy saving. As the system characteristics and operational conditions can vary dramatically in practice, model-free self-optimizing control is of high interest in practice. In this study, the chilled-water plant being studied consists of one screw chiller and one counter-flow cooling tower. A multi-variable Newton-based extremum seeking control (ESC) scheme is applied to maximize the power efficiency in real time with the cooling load being satisfied. The feedback for the ESC controller is the total power of the chiller compressor, the cooling tower fan and the condenser water pump, while the inputs are cooling-tower fan speed and the condenser-loop water flow rate. The two-input Newton-based ESC controller is simulated with a Modelica based dynamic simulation model of the chiller-tower system. Two inner-loop PI controllers are used to regulate the temperatures of evaporator superheat and evaporator leaving water at their respective setpoints. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Remarkable energy saving is observed for several testing conditions.
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Wagner, Timothy C., Lynn Rog, and Sung-Han Jung. "Development of a Simultaneous Cooling and Heating Absorption Chiller for Combined Heat and Power Systems." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43548.

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The objective of this investigation was the development and testing of a waste heat-driven chiller capable of simultaneously generating chilled and heated water. In addition to simultaneous operation, the ability to seamlessly change from chilling to heating eliminates the seasonal changeover which is typical in existing absorbers. These enhancements significantly increase the flexibility and utilization of the chiller. In this paper, the design of the chiller will be described along with presentation of results from testing of a 140 RT full-scale prototype chiller. A case study for a hospital in New Jersey will also be presented to show the additional energy utilization provided by the simultaneous capability.
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Huang, Zhizhong, Yiqun Pan, and Gang Wu. "Emulation-Based Optimal Control of Chiller Plants." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37151.

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Chiller plants of HVAC systems usually operate in part-load conditions during most time of a year. Energy efficiency (i.e. energy input ratio, EIR) of chiller plant components such as chillers, pumps, and cooling towers are the functions of part-load ratio (PLR) and other variables. However, different chiller plant components have different functions of EIR to PLR and don’t reach their respective peaks at the same part-load ratio. Based on this fact, there are possibilities that overall efficiency of a chiller plant can be improved to and maintained at the maximum via optimal control of operating numbers and set-points of various plant components at various part-load ratios. An emulation-based optimal control strategy for chiller plants is introduced in the paper. The main idea of this control strategy is to set up a virtual chiller plant as a mirror of a real system. The virtual system is composed of mathematical models that are obtained through theoretical derivation, numerical calculation or off-line test. These models can emulate energy performances of the physical components in the real system. An optimization algorithm is first run on the virtual system to search for an optimal combination of the operating number and set-points of various components to achieve the highest overall efficiency of a chiller plant. An objective function of the optimization algorithm is the overall efficiency of a chiller plant, having real-time cooling load and meteorological data as inputs, and energy and mass balance and component capacities and restrictions as constraint conditions. Once an optimal combination is identified, it will be used to control the real system operation. A mockup system has been installed and operated in a 50,000 m2 office building in Shanghai, China in order to test and verify the optimal control strategy. Preliminary testing results show that the annual overall energy efficiency of the chiller plant (with constant speed centrifugal chillers) is from 0.7 kW/Ton to 0.75 kW/Ton, about 25% less than that of the same plant controlled by normal strategy.
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Hu, Yang, Laura A. Schaefer, and Volker Hartkopf. "Life Cycle Energy and Exergy Analysis for Building Cooling Systems: A Comparison Between a Solar Driven Absorption Chiller and an Electric Driven Chiller." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54737.

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Buildings in the United States utilize 39% of the primary energy, and more than 60% of that energy consumption is provided for heating and cooling in buildings. Most of the heating and cooling systems commercially available in the market today are driven by electricity and natural gas, which are high exergy resources, while the operating temperature in the building from a year-round perspective is closer to the reference environmental temperature. Thus, from a thermodynamic point of view, there exists a gap between the high exergy resources/supply and low exergy application/demand in buildings. This paper extends the traditional means of energy comparison between solar driven absorption chillers and electric driven chillers. A life cycle energy and exergy analysis is developed with the assumption that the fossil fuel for electricity generation is a different form of storing solar energy in the long run. Thus, both the systems are driven by solar energy, and the only difference is that the solar absorption chiller is an instantaneous solar energy utilization, while the electricity chiller utilizes the stored solar energy. A simple absorption chiller model is developed, and is calibrated using a paper published by the Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics in Carnegie Mellon University, using a 4-ton 2-stage absorption chiller provided by Broad Air Conditioning. The energy and exergetic efficiencies in each process are analyzed and provided in the two systems. This paper is useful in understanding the fundamental life cycle energy and exergy in chiller applications for building cooling.
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Zheng, Zimu, Chuang Hu, and Dan Wang. "Time-aware chiller sequencing control with data-driven chiller performance profiling." In BuildSys '17: The 4th ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3137133.3141452.

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Williamson, Toussaint, Mike Luker, and R. L. Hack. "A Retrofit Integration of an Absorption Chiller With a Microturbine Array." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68425.

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The overall system efficiency of a microturbine generator system, and hence the economic viability, are greatly enhanced through co-generation. The utilization of the exhaust energy for heating needs is well understood and has been extensively implemented. Potentially more desirable but having found far less implementation is the integration of microturbines with absorption chillers to generate cold water. Long recognized as a tremendous opportunity in HVAC systems, the integration of a microturbine with an absorption chiller is complicated by the relatively low quality and quantity of heat available from the traditionally recuperated microturbine system. This paper address the design process and the issues encountered in developing a 160 ton absorption chiller system integrated with an array of eight, 60-kW Capstone microturbines. The designed system is not a pre-packaged turbine/chiller system but rather a system that integrates a mix of existing and new microturbines with a commercial gas-to-liquid heat exchanger and a commercial single effect Li-Br absorption chiller. The goal of the effort is demonstrate a cost effective retrofit installation of an absorption chiller with existing microturbines to effectively provide base load chilling for the building’s HVAC needs.
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Liao, Xiaohong, Patricia Garland, and Reinhard Radermacher. "The Modeling of Air-Cooled Absorption Chiller Integration in CHP System." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60308.

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Absorption chillers are well suited for the use of exhaust heat from prime movers, and they improve the heat utilization of Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) systems. An air-cooled absorption chiller eliminates the cooling tower and brings considerable advantages as compared to water-cooled chillers. However, the expensive capital cost and crystallization of LiBr (Lithium Bromide) solution in certain operation conditions restrict the commercialization of air-cooled LiBr absorption machines. This paper discusses the feasibility of air-cooled absorption in CHP systems, where the control strategies based on the application can avoid the occurrence of crystallization. By using the fundamental thermodynamic principle, steady-state thermodynamic modeling and simulation have been done in Engineer Equation Solver (EES) to predict the operation of air-cooled absorption chiller integration in CHP systems with special consideration of the crystallization limits. The data of field operation acquired from a CHP system at UMD are used for validation.
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Reports on the topic "Chiller systems"

1

Sohn, Chang W., Jerry Fuchs, and Michael Gruber. Chilled Water Storage Cooling System at Fort Jackson, SC. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada358929.

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IRWIN, J. J. Cold Vacuum Drying (CVD) Facility Vacuum Purge System Chilled Water System Design Description (SYS 47-4). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/803954.

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Urata, Tatsuo. Demonstration of an on-site PAFC cogeneration system with waste heat utilization by a new gas absorption chiller. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460173.

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Rockenfelleer, U., and L. Kirol. Development of a complex compound chill storage system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6265311.

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Hansen, Tim, Eric Ringler, and William Chatterton. Demonstration of a Solar Thermal Combined Heating, Cooling and Hot Water System Utilizing an Adsorption Chiller for DoD Installations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608953.

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Alexander, D. Metallurgical investigation of material from chill-water piping system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7198799.

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Daling, P. M., J. E. Marler, T. V. Vo, H. Phan, and J. R. Friley. Value impact analysis of Generic Issue 143, Availability of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) and Chilled Water Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10106874.

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Leung, V. T. Regulatory analysis for the resolution of Generic Issue 143: Availability of chilled water system and room cooling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10115062.

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9

Ahmad, Ehtisham, and Hernan Viscarra. Public Investment for Sustainable Development in Chile: Building on the National Investment System. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000431.

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REYNOLDS SMITH AND HILLS JACKSONVILLE FL. A Limited Energy Study of High Temperature and Chilled Water Distribution Systems at Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia. Volume ES, Executive Summary. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330733.

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