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Journal articles on the topic 'Chile – History – 17th century'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Sulistiono, Budi. "THE HISTORY OF TRADE OF THE NUSANTARA IN THE 17th CENTURY." Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam 11, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v11i2.656.

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The increasingly significant influence of Islam in the Archipelago was marked by the establishment of a number of sultanates. It is time for the existence of the sultanate to be interpreted as evidence of political power. The track of Islam in the Archipelago, political power was achieved after great successes in building ECONOMIC POWER, EDUCATION, CULTURAL-INTELLECTUAL NETWORKS. Therefore, the track of Islam in the Archipelago, is not an event that is considered strange. Until the 17th century AD, there were even a number of sultanates on the islands of Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku. The spread of the existence of a number of these sultanates in a relay as evidence of the results of the exemplary performances of a number of sultanates that had existed before. May we all never forget the existence of the Sultanate of Jeumpa (± 776 AD-880 AD), Peureulak (standing ± 840 AD), Samudera Pasai (± 1267 AD), Demak (1468 AD), Aceh Darussalam (1496 AD), Ternate (Maluku). ) rulers converted to Islam in 1460, Cirebon (founded 1479 AD), Banten (1526 AD), Banjar (founded 1520 AD). From the coast of Aceh-Malacca-Sumatra, Islam then spread in various directions east to areas on the north coast of Java such as Surabaya, Gresik, Tuban, then continued eastward to areas of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Ternate and Tidore in the Maluku islands, Papua, Nusa Tenggara, Bali. The approach used in this paper is a historical approach by utilizing study materials from historical literature. In compiling historical facts, guided by logical arrangement of frameworks in chronological order. The conclusion is that, thanks to the wealth and social forces empowered by Muslim communities in various places in the Archipelago, they can play political roles in political entities as evidenced by the birth of a number of Sultanates. This historical fact, at least strengthens Anthony Reid's theory, that the maritime economy is an indicator of maritime trade that unites trade routes with the formation of port cities as international trade routes.

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2

Zwierzyńska, Anna, Jakub Gruszka, Jacek Janowski, and Olga Adamczyk-Gruszka. "History of caesarean section." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 7 (July 27, 2022): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.07.075.

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Cesarean section is a obstetric procedure known since ancient times. It is mentioned in almost all ancient cultures. While until the 17th century it was performed mainly post mortem to retrieve an infant from the body of the deceased mother, today there are many indications for termination of pregnancy in this way. Literature provides references to earlier attempts to save the mother, but this happened only sporadically. The first record of a cc that both mother and child survived dates back to 1500. The development of science and medicine contributed to the dissemination and improvement of the methods used to extract a child by caesarean section. It was influenced by the development of operational, anesthetic and aseptic techniques. A milestone was the introduction of the Pfannenstiel – Kerr lower transverse incision method. Later, the Misgav-Ladach technique was introduced. Today, transverse incisions are most commonly used.

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3

Mishina, L. A. "THE FAMILY PHENOMENON IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN LITERAURE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-2-355-362.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of the New English family of the 17th century, the first century of the existence of American national literature, presented in the works of early American authors - period insufficiently studied in literary criticism. Untranslated or incompletely translated into Russian works of such religious and public figures, writers as Richard Mather (Diary), Inkris Mather (The Life and Death of the Reverend Richard Mather), Edward Johnson (The Miraculous Providence of the Savior of Zion in New England) , Samuel Sewall (Diary), John Cotton (God’s Promise to His Plantation), Cotton Mather (Life of Mr. Johnatan Burr), are introduced into literary criticism. Being one of the key in the early history and literature of the United States, the theme of the family has the following aspects considered within the framework of the article: the move of families to a new continent, settling in a new place, the status of a father, mother, and child. The process of formation and existence in extreme conditions of a Protestant family is analyzed, the role of the family community in the fulfillment of the sacred mission - the creation of the kingdom of Christ on new lands - is determined. The conclusion is made about the uniqueness of the New English family of the 17th century, which combined the features of both the family structure that developed in European society and those born in the process of American experiments. The idea is emphasized that the disclosure of the family theme by early American authors clearly represents the features of American literature of the 17th century in general. The article uses biographical, structural, cultural and historical methods of literary analysis.

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4

De Santis, Marcelo Domingos. "A bibliographic review of the history of Dexiinae (Diptera, Tachinidae) taxonomy in the Neotropical Region with bibliographic notes on Dominik Bilimek and Fritz Plaumann." Arquivos de Zoologia 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2022.53.04.

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The knowledge of Dexiinae and Tachinidae diversity in the Neotropical Region, in contrast to other regions, e.g., the Palaearctic Region, is in a poor condition. The history of these taxa has gradually increased since the 18th Century from the works of European and North American authors such as Johan C. Fabricius, Christian R.W. Wiedemann, Jean B. Robineau-Desvoidy, Pierre J.-M. Macquart, Jacques M.F. Bigot, Francis Walker, Victor von Röeder, Ermanno Giglio-Tos, Friedrich M. Brauer and Julius E. Bergenstamm, Frederik M. van der Wulp, Charles H. Curran, John M. Aldrich, Charles H.T. Townsend, Henry J. Reinhard and William R. Thompson. It was only in the first half of the 20th Century that scientists born or established in South America began to enter tachinidology. Dipterists like Jean Brèthes and Everardo E. Blanchard from Argentina, Rául E. Cortés Peña from Chile and José H. Guimarães from Brazil, are the most memorable names for, not only to Neotropical Dexiinae, but, indeed for the whole family. Herein, a brief chronological review of tachinidology, with emphasis on Dexiinae and based on a literature review, is given. The history is divided into four periods: the pre-Linnaean period of the 16th and 17th Centuries, the 18th Century, the 19th Century and the first half of the 20th Century. After the first half of 20th Century, the emphasis is focused on European and North American dipterists with an overview of their contributions on Dexiinae taxonomy. Later, with presence of the South American dipterists, the emphasis is directed to them. Then a few notes are given on the Czech Dominik Bilimek, a poorly known collector from the 19th Century and Fritz Plaumann, a well-known German immigrant who collected in Brazil during the earlier 20th Century. Finally, some notes and perspectives about the 21st Century dexiinidology from the Neotropics is briefly discussed.

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5

Marchand, Philippe. "ROBERTS (Benjamin). – Trough the keyhole. Dutch child-rearing in the 17th and the 18th century Three urban elite families." Histoire de l'éducation, no. 89 (January 1, 2001): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/histoire-education.858.

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6

Petruț, Dávid. "The Roman epigraphic collection of 17th century antiquarian Ferenc Lugossy from Petreștii de Jos (Cluj County)." Acta Musei Napocensis 57 (December 12, 2020): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.54145/actamn.i.57.09.

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The question of Roman epigraphic and antiquities collections in Transylvania is typically associated with the antiquarian activity of the local aristocracy during the 19th century, especially the “ruin parks” set up on their country estates. The beginnings of these antiquarian endeavours however date back to much earlier times, being linked to the circle of humanist church intellectuals active in Alba Iulia/Gyulafehérvár starting with the 15th century. The collection founded by Ferenc Lugossy, prominent member of the Transylvanian princely court during the second half of the 17th century, can be regarded as a later manifestation of the aforementioned humanist tradition, even though it was established at his estate in Petreștii de Jos/Magyarpeterd, situated at the foot of the Turda Gorge (Cheile Turzii/Tordai‑hasadék), rather than the princely capital. The sources indicate that we are dealing with one of the most important, if not the most important local Roman stone monument collections of the time. Documents also inform us that following the death of its founder – probably in 1692 – the collection swiftly began to disintegrate, and by the beginning of the 20th century it had completely ceased to exist, the monuments being either taken away or used as construction material by the locals. The present paper is an attempt to reconstruct the history and original composition of this important collection.

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7

CHOTARI, Juriy. "ILONA ZRÍNYI, THE SYMBOL OF FREEDOM AND COURAGE." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-81-89.

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The article describes the important moments of life and active political activity of one prominent female figure in the history of Transcarpathian region – Countess Ilona Zrínyi, who lived in Mukachevo in the 17th century and protected Mukachevo Castle from the Austrian invaders. The Countess' personality is also shown as a symbol of freedom and courage, which was especially emphasized during the siege of Mukachevo Castle by the Habsburgs in the second half of the 17th century (1685–1688). The article analyses eleven original letters written by Ilona Zrínyi before the siege of Mukachevo Castle. They testify to the connection between the Countess and the leadership of the Uzhanskyi and Berezhskyi counties (present-day territory of Transcarpathian region). They are stored in the Berehove Branch of the State Archives of Transcarpathian Oblast. These letters are important sources of evidence of Europe-wide history of our region. In the final part of the present article we have collected evidence based on press material and documents in the State Archives of Transcarpathian Oblast describing the so-called «Ilona-days», i.e. celebrations commemorating the personality of the great political and historical figure, Countess Ilona Zrínyi. All the official documents provide proof of the fact of how local people of Uzhanskyi and Berezhskyi counties (present-day Transcarpathia) loved and deeply respected the countess for her courage to fight for freedom against the Habsburgs, for her never-ending feeling of responsibility for her nation, and attentive care for her own motherland. During the siege of Mukachevo Castle with Ilona Zrínyi had her son, Ferenc Rákóczi II with her, who was still a child. The siege at that time taught the future leader of the liberation struggle of 1703–1711 to be courageous, and to love his motherland. Further research into sources related to Ilona Zríny’s activities may continue in the archives of Hungary and other countries as she unsuccessfully sought to form an international anti-Habsburg coalition. Keywords Countess Ilona Zrínyi, Mukachevo Castle, Transcarpathian history.

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8

Rumyantsev, V. O., and S. L. Hotsuliak. "Judicial system and legal proceedings of the Hetmanate (second half of the 17th – first half of the 18th centuries)." Problems of Legality, no. 155 (December 20, 2021): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.155.241741.

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The article identifies and characterizes the main stages of formation and transformation of the judicial system and the judiciary of the Hetmanate. The years of independence of the Ukrainian state are marked by rapid changes in the judicial system. The desire of national law to eliminate gaps, determines the interest in the legal past, namely, awareness of the need to reproduce an objective picture of the emergence and evolution of national justice to determine the main directions of its further development. In this regard, the analysis of the judicial system and the judicial process in the Ukrainian lands of the second half of the XVII – first half of the XVIII century. Is useful in some respects. First, an important factor is the appeal to the history of the Ukrainian judicial system, namely the period of the second half of the XVII – first half of the XVIII century, which was decisive for the formation of Ukrainian law as a prototype of European. Secondly, in recent decades there has been an accumulation of significant theoretical and scientific value, which requires a theoretical rethinking of many facts and phenomena. The relevance of the study lies in the accumulation of a large amount of information to reproduce an objective picture of the provisions of the judiciary, which can significantly affect the evolution of the national judicial system and determine its further development. The purpose of the article is to study the structures of the judicial system of the Hetmanate in the second half of the XVII – first half of the XVIII century., And highlight the main features of the judiciary. Issues related to the organization of the judicial system and forms of justice in the Hetmanate in the second half of the XVII – first half of the XVIII century are considered and analyzed. The legal aspects of the organization and activity of various institutions of the judicial system, their jurisdiction and instance are also analyzed. The most significant provisions of the proceedings are highlighted: preliminary investigation, procedure for consideration of the case, evidence, court decisions, the procedure for their appeal and execution.

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9

McCants, Anne E. C. "Through the Keyhole: Dutch Child-Rearing Practices in the 17th and 18th Century: Three Urban Elite Families. By Benjamin Roberts (Hilversum, Verloren, 1998) 223 pp. f45.00." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 30, no. 2 (October 1999): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.1999.30.2.332.

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10

Chouliarás, Ioannis P. "The Catholicon of the Monastery of Agios Panteleimon on the Island of Ioannina, Greece." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, no. 2 (28) (2020): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2020.208.

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The monastery is located at the SE end of the settlement of the Island and became widely known in modern history, as Ali Pasha was assassinated in its cells in 1822. The catholicon today is a three-aisled basilica with a quadruple roof and in its present size was probably built at late 17th or early 18th century. The aisles are separated by wooden colonnades. The W and N walls, probably most of the E, were rebuilt after their destruction in the early 19th century by falling rocks. In the E there is a semicircular arch. The original church was supposed to be a small one-aisled with a semicircular arch, traces of which were discovered on the SE side of the modern church.The monastery is located at the SE end of the settlement of the Island and became widely known in modern history, as Ali Pasha was assassinated in its cells in 1822. The catholicon today is a three-aisled basilica with a quadruple roof and in its present size was probably built at late 17th or early 18th century. The aisles are separated by wooden colonnades. The W and N walls, probably most of the E, were rebuilt after their destruction in the early 19th century by falling rocks. In the E there is a semicircular arch. The original church was supposed to be a small one-aisled with a semicircular arch, traces of which were discovered on the SE side of the modern church.From the early building phase the modern church has incorporated part of the S wall, which dates to the early 15th century. On the W side was added a late 19th-century loggia, which is roofed with a sloping roof lower than that of the church and possibly replaced an older one. The column of the loggia comes from an earlier building phase of the church. On the W side is raised a rectangular narthex, possibly of the same date as the loggia, which is roofed with a quadruple roof. The present entrance door to the main church is located at the W end of the S wall, while the original door was opened in the middle of the same wall and has been walled today. There is a small conch above the walled door.The church is built of stone with irregularly placed stones. More elaborate construction on the arch with carved stones in the pseudo-isodomic system. On the S wall between the stones are inserted bricks. Brick arched frame is formed above the walled gate. The fresco decoration of the catholicon is confined to the outer front of the S wall and the lower parts of the main church. It is of particular importance, as we distinguish five post-Byzantine phases, the first of which at the end of the 15th century. The first is located in the E part of the outer front of the S wall. The rest continue to the W on the outer front of the same wall and on the lower parts inside the main church.In the initial phase of the frescoes belong the Deisis with the Christ and the Virgin, as well as the frontal St. Nicholas, behind the Virgin. The upper parts of the scene have been repainted. The next phase, which can be dated to the 16th century, involves the half-bodied Christ above the conch of the S wall, who blesses with open arms and two full-length archangels on either side of the conch, who have also been repainted. In the third phase of the painting belongs the enthroned Virgin holding the Child amid two angels, pictured behind her massive wooden throne. The composition is to the right of the entrance door to the church. This layer is precisely dated by a dedicatory inscription bearing the date ZΡKϚ (= 1617/18). The penultimate phase is found only in the interior of the catholicon, in the lower parts of the sanctuary, and on the N and S walls of the main church, where a decorative zone is distinguished. The feet of at least two saints are visible on the N wall, another figure of saint next to the iconostasis on the S wall and to the right of the doorway to the church the lower part of the body of a frontal archangel, who steps on a cloud. Above the door there should have been the inscription, mentioned by Aravantinos, but not preserved today, and bearing the date ΑΨΖ (= 1707). During the late 19th century, the outer conch of the S wall was painted with St. Panteleimon, who is depicted half-bodied and holding a vessel and a scalpel.The building phases of the catholicon and the multiple layers of its decoration make it one of the most important monuments of the Ioannina area, as it locates the oldest known frescoes on the Island and throughout the Ioannina basin. At the same time, after reading of one of the dedicatory inscriptions, it was possible to distinguish more clearly the painting layers and to make more effective use of the older reading, by Aravantinos, of the inscription in the interior of the catholicon.

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11

You, Chengcheng. "The Demon Child and His Modern Fate: Reconstructing the Nezha Myth in Animated Fabulation." Animation 17, no. 3 (November 2022): 286–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17468477221114365.

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Emerging from the 17th-century Chinese classic Fengshen yanyi ( Creation of the Gods), a generic mixture of myth, folklore, history and legend, Nezha, a 7-year-old superboy who is decreed by fate to return his own flesh and bones to his parents and unyieldingly confront paternal authority in combat, has been popularized as an unconventional hero in animated adaptations since the 1970s. This article examines the cultural and historical significance of Nezha’s changing fate in the three Chinese animated feature films produced thus far: Nezha Conquers the Dragon King (Wang et al., 1979), Nezha (Jiaozi, 2019) and New Gods: Nezha Reborn (Zhao, 2021). The author argues that Nezha’s variations of personal individuation reflect China’s shifting historical contexts, changing intergenerational relations and reconfigured notions of selfhood by presenting an existential paradox of fate and freedom of action that ultimately preserves the social systems of patriarchy and filial piety, and puts forward a negotiated compromise between social collectivism and individualism. Combining theories of intertextual aesthetics with Gilles Deleuze’s conceptualization of fabulation, the study proposes a conceptual framework of ‘animated fabulation’ to account for the profound interaction between the literary and the cinematic, the social and the mythic, with a detailed analysis of the aesthetic and socio-political entanglements in the three animated adaptations.

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12

Mastboom, J. M. "Through the Keyhole: Dutch Child-Rearing Practices in the 17th and 18th Century: Three Urban Elite Families. By Benjamin Roberts (Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren, 1998. f45 223pp.)." Journal of Social History 33, no. 4 (June 1, 2000): 1000–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2000.0074.

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13

Pearson, Howard A. "Sickle Cell Diseases: Diagnosis and Management in Infancy and Childhood." Pediatrics In Review 9, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.9.4.121.

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From their basic genetic and molecular mechanisms to their clinical expression, the sickle cell hemoglobinopathies are among the best understood of human diseases. However, advances in clinical management have not progressed as rapidly: sickle cell anemia, as of 1987, is still largely incurable and its treatment is empiric and symptomatic. Despite this, today we have a better understanding of the natural history of the sickle hemoglobinopathies and many of their clinical complications. This has led to improved diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic strategies which have reduced the considerable morbidity and mortality of these diseases. The sickle cell disorders will be reviewed from genetic, biochemical, and clinical perspectives. Particular emphasis will be given to the rationale and strategies for neonatal testing and comprehensive clinical follow-up. Although it is widely believed that the gene for Hb S is almost exclusively, African, it has, in fact, a much wider geographic distribution. There is a broad periequatorial sickle cell belt in Africa. From Africa, the sickle gene was introduced into the Western hemisphere by the 16th and 17th century slave trade. In the United States today, sickle cell disorders are particularly prevalent in the South and in the urban North, reflecting the demography of black America. In the Carribean and Latin America, relatively high frequencies are seen in Purto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Panama, Guyana, and Brazil, but not in Mexico and most of South America.

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Gross, Alan G., Joseph E. Harmon, and Michael S. Reidy. "Argument and 17th-Century Science." Social Studies of Science 30, no. 3 (June 2000): 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631200030003002.

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15

Sygowski, Paweł. "Na pograniczu wyznaniowym. Nieistniejąca unicka cerkiew pod wezwaniem św. Praksedy Męczennicy w Milejowie i jej wyposażenie." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio L – Artes 16, no. 1/2 (June 14, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/l.2018.16.1/2.7-41.

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<p>W czasach Rusi Halicko-Włodzimierskiej osadnictwo ruskie na terenie dzisiejszej Lubelszczyzny posuwało się systematycznie na zachód. W XV i XVI w. dotarło do doliny Wieprza. W jego środkowym biegu powstało wówczas kilka parafii prawosławnych – Łęczna, Puchaczów, a także Milejów. Parafie te po przystąpieniu diecezji chełmskiej do unii brzeskiej stały się unickimi. Usytuowanie ich na terenie ze wzrastającą przewagą osadnictwa polskiego spowodowało przechodzenie wiernych na rzymsko katolicyzm. Proces ten szczególnie widoczny jest w 2 połowie XVIII w. i 1 połowie XIX w. Parafia w Milejowie należąca do najstarszych na tym terenie, pod koniec XVIII w. liczyła zaledwie kilku parafian, a na początku XIX w. rezydował tu jedynie proboszcz unicki, ks. Bazyli Hrabanowicz. W 2 dekadzie XIX w. ówczesny właściciel dóbr milejowskich – Adam Suffczyński – rozpoczął starania o przekształcenie parafii unickiej w parafię rzymskokatolicką, a cerkwi unickiej w kościół. Okazało się to dosyć skomplikowane. Najpierw parafię unicką należało zamknąć, a dopiero potem utworzyć parafię rzymskokatolicką. Proces ten kontynuowała siostra Adama – Helena Chrapowicka, która wkrótce przekazała to zadanie kuzynowi Antoniemu Melitonowi Rostworowskiemu, a po jego śmierci założeniem parafii i budową kościoła zajęła wdowa po nim – Maria z Jansenów, a następnie ich syn Antoni Rostworowski. Parafia unicka została zamknięta w 1852 r., cerkiew rozebrana, a murowany kościół został wzniesiony w latach 1855-1856. Po śmierci wspomnianego proboszcza unickiego w 1832 r. (ostatniego tutejszego parocha), cerkwią opiekował się proboszcz Dratowa. Część wyposażenia cerkwi milejowskiej została przeniesiona do świątyni dratowskiej, gdzie spłonęło ono w roku 1886 r., w pożarze tamtejszej świątyni. Część wyposażenia zabezpieczona została we dworze milejowskim i po wybudowaniu kościoła przeniesiona do niego. Wśród tego wyposażenia wyróżnia się pochodząca z 2 połowy XVII w. ikona Matki Boskiej z Dzieciątkiem (w typie Eleusy), odnowiona w latach 2012-2013 staraniem ówczesnego proboszcza – ks. Andrzeja Juźko. Po akcji rozbiórkowej cerkwi w 1938 r. to jedna z wyjątkowo nielicznych, ocalałych ikon dawnej diecezji Kościoła wschodniego na Lubelszczyźnie.</p><p><strong>On the Religious Borderland. A Defunct Uniate Church under the Invocation of St. Praxedes the Martyr in Milejów and its Equipment</strong></p>SUMMARY<p>The parish in Milejów was one of the early Orthodox parishes in the Wieprz valley, recorded in the 1470s. The presence of the Orthodox priest in Milejów is documented in tax registers in the 16th century. More information on the Uniate parish and its Orthodox church can be found in the documents of the 18th-19th centuries. The author presents the history of the Milejów Uniate church and the parish with particular reference to the equipment of the church. First, the old Uniate church is described (the last quarter of the 17th and the fi rst half of the 18th century). The church had the high altar and three side altars; in addition, there were inter alia, liturgical vessels, altar bells, the bells on the belfry, liturgical books, an perhaps an iconostasis. The new Uniate church (the second half of the 18th and the fi rst half of the 19th century) – erected in the second half of the 18th century in place of the old one (which burnt down in ca. 1760) contained the high altar with the picture of Our Lady (painted on canvas) and two side altars. The equipment also included, inter alia, a silver and gilded pro Venerabili vessel, a chalice with a paten and a spoon, a can “for sick people”, an altar tin cross, a brass thurible, a metal swag lamp, three altar bells, a bell at the sacristy, four reliquaries, two small brass candlesticks, a processional cross, pictures, liturgical books. The next described stage is the end of the Uniate parish and the beginnings of the creation of the Roman-Catholic parish in the 19th century, founded in 1858. The new church – erected a few hundred meters from the place of the Uniate church – was consecrated in 1859. The equipment of the Uniate church before its demolition (the second quarter of the 19th century) included in 1828, inter alia, the above mentioned three altars, a new choir, a crucifi x, a confessional, a pulpit, candlesticks, pictures, and a new umbraculum. The inventory of 1847 also mentioned, inter alia, four icons situated near the high altar, a stoup, four benches, twenty candlesticks, and a porcelain chandelier. In the next part of the text the author describes the icons preserved in the Milejów church: „Matka Boska z dzieciątkiem” [Madonna and Child] and „Przemienienie Pańskie” [the Transfi guration of the Lord]. In the next parts of the article the author describes the history of the owners of Milejów, patrons and parish priests. At the end of the article he synthetically presents the history of the Milejów parish.</p>

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16

Stone, R. "HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Championing a 17th Century Underdog." Science 301, no. 5630 (July 11, 2003): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.301.5630.152.

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17

Angermann, Norbert. "Russian merchants in Livonia in the 17th century." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, no. 2 (28) (2020): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2020.201.

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The paper describes the trade activity of Russian merchants in Livonia (in the widest sense of the term, including Estonia), which was under the rule of Sweden and Poland in the 17th century and later only under the Swedish rule. The main purpose of Russian merchants in the beginning of the 17th century was Reval (Tallinn) and later Narva. They also visited Riga and much less Dorpat (today’s Tartu). The author was able to identify new evidence of this by working in the archives of Baltic cities. Shopping yards for Russian merchants were established in Riga, Narva and Dorpat, which served as living quarters and a place for storing and selling goods. Interesting information about this is provided by the accounts of German farm administrators in Narva and Derpt, which are analyzed in this article for the first time. Russian guests in Livonia were mainly middle and minor merchants, as well as representatives of the largest trading companies in Novgorod and Pskov, commissioners of the tsars and, on the other hand, artisans, peasants and fishermen. Their activities served the extensive European trade in linen, hemp, leather, fat and fur as the main Russian supplies. The Livonian inhabitants were also supplied with industrial and agricultural products. The number of visitors to Livonia from northwest Russia and beyond was significantly higher than the number of Livonian merchants trading in Novgorod, Pskov and Moscow.

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Küng, Enn. "Tallinn's Balance of Trade in the 17th Century." Hansische Geschichtsblätter 137 (June 29, 2021): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/hgbll.2019.194.

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Der mittelalterliche Handel Tallinns (Reval) hatte Waren aus Nordwestrussland und Livland nach Westeuropa weitergeführt. Dabei ist die Handelsbilanz der Stadt im Ost-West-Handel als positiv eingeschätzt worden. Mit dem 1558 ausgebrochenen Russisch-Livländischen Krieg und der Eingliederung der Stadt in das Schwedische Reich lösten sich die Verbindungen zum russischen Markt auf. Tallinn wurde zum Ausfuhrhafen für die landwirtschaftlichen Produkte Estlands, Livlands und Finnlands, v. a. Getreide. Die Handelspartner Revals wechselten: Die Lübecker wurden von den Niederländern verdrängt. Vor diesem Hintergrund nimmt der vorliegende Artikel die Handelsbilanz von Tallinn im 17. Jh. in den Blick, ihre Entwicklung und die Frage, ob und inwiefern das Gleichgewicht der Ein- und Ausfuhr erzielt wurde. Die Datengrundlage stellen die dortigen Pfundzollbücher, die mit nur wenigen Lücken vorhanden sind. Aus diesen Büchern geht hervor, dass die positive Handelsbilanz des Mittelalters auch im 17. Jh. für Tallinn charakteristisch war. Während der Kriege am Anfang des 17. Jh.s war die Handelsbilanz Tallinns noch negativ, ab 1622/23 wurde sie aber positiv. Neue Rückschläge erlitt der Handel der Stadt wegen der Kriege Schwedens mit seinen Nachbarstaaten Russland, Polen und Dänemark in der Mitte des 17. Jh.s. Wegen der Missernten der ersten Hälfte der 1660er Jahre wurde die Getreideausfuhr aus Reval verboten. In der Mitte der 1690er Jahre war das Hinterland Tallinns ebenfalls von großen Miss-ernten betroffen, die Hunger mit sich brachten. In diesen Perioden sowie während des 1700 ausgebrochenen Großen Nordischen Krieges war die Handelsbilanz der Stadt negativ. Einer allgemein positiven Handelsbilanz sind also Kriege, Missernten und daraus folgende Getreideausfuhrverbote als zeitweise Störfaktoren des Handels gegenüberzustellen.

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19

Willumsen, Liv Helene. "Children accused of witchcraft in 17th-century Finnmark." Scandinavian Journal of History 38, no. 1 (February 2013): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2012.741450.

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20

Boldyreva, Natalia. "William Camden’s “Britannia” in 17th-century Russia." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 55, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/22102396-05501013.

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Abstract This article is an analysis of the historical and topographical treatise “Britannia” by William Camden as transmitted to Russia and translated. Russian audience was introduced to the work by Camden through two atlases. The first of these, the Mercator-Hondius Atlas included lengthy excerpts from the 1600 edition of “Britannia.” The text of the Atlas was translated in 1637 by the staff of Posolskii prikaz. The second translation of Camden’s work into Russian, commissioned by Patriarch Nikon, (that of the 1607 edition) was produced in late 1650s as volume four of the New Atlas by Blaeu. Camden’s antiquarian studies, with the texts juxtaposed to maps, were in high demand in Russia, and this can be proved by numerous copies of the Russian translations and by their use both in private libraries and in schools. This helped spread the latest scientific information about the British Isles in Russia, which circulated among the members of Muscovite intellectual elite.

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Kooi, Christine, Erik Larsen, and Jane P. Davidson. "Calvinistic Economy and 17th Century Dutch Art." Sixteenth Century Journal 32, no. 2 (2001): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2671845.

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22

Ann Kleimola. "Hunting for Dogs in 17th-Century Muscovy." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 11, no. 3 (2010): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.0.0170.

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23

Orser, Charles E. "Rethinking ‘Bellarmine’ contexts in 17th-century England." Post-Medieval Archaeology 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00794236.2019.1601390.

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Ackermann, Silke, Elizabeth Gatti, and Thom Richardson. "A 17th-century Pikeman's Armour from Antwerp." Arms & Armour 7, no. 1 (April 2010): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174161210x12652009773410.

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25

Dinneen, Francis P. "A 17th-century account of Mohawk." Historiographia Linguistica 17, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.07din.

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Summary Jacques Bruyas (c.l630-c.l701) left a set of notes on Mohawk in the late 1600s which were published in 1862. His account and work done on the language in the 20th century are compared. Where he fails to record all the sound-contrasts that are functional in the language and is unable to cope with allophones, modern workers may still disagree on how best to represent them. His lack of models for the description of a polysynthetic language, with a modest phonemic inventory, but complex morphophonemics, obscures morphemic boundaries. Bruyas had the reputation among contemporaries of being equally fluent in French and Mohawk, yet his notes fail to mention factors that are obviously frequent, complex and demanded for accurate communication. While the vocabulary in his account is perhaps better handled than in modern works, the selection is more guided by human interest than grammatical relevance.

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Kuzmina, Marina D. "“Alphabet Scribe” in the History of Russian Literature." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-87-101.

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The article is dedicated to the study of the most significant and popular Old Russian scribe – “Alphabetical”, written in the late 16th – early 17th century according to researchers. The assumption is made that it was replenished and adjusted over several decades, quickly responding to the demands of the times and reflecting the main processes that took place in Russian literature of the 16th and especially the 17th century. The scribe reflected the central feature of this period: the interaction of the traditional and the new, with an emphasis on the new. It demonstrates such new aspects of Russian literature of the 17th century as secularization, democratization, fiction, and individualization. It is rather telling that the vast majority of sample messages are private letters written for relatives and friends. Particularly noteworthy are the samples of ‘anti-friendly’ letters, some of which are parodies of friendly letters. They make up an organic part of the 17th century parodies, namely such satirical texts as Kalyazinsky Petition, The Dowry Document, The Tale of Ersh Ershovich, The Service of the Tavern. As it is known, parodies play a crucial role in the turning periods of literary development, which was the 17th century. In this era, first of all, the most stable and therefore most recognizable genres were parodied: business (petitions, dowry, court documents, etc.) and church (hagiographies, prayers, akathists, church services, etc.) writing. Quite noteworthy is the appearance along with these parodies of the parody of the epistolary genre, indicating that it had fully developed, and occupied a proper place in the system of literature genres, and was unmistakably recognized by authors and readers. Moreover, a new, ‘secular’ version had developed and was recognized: friendly letters, which were by no means educational, unlike those popular in Ancient Russian literature of previous centuries.

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Kuzmina, Marina D. "“Alphabet Scribe” in the History of Russian Literature." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-87-101.

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The article is dedicated to the study of the most significant and popular Old Russian scribe – “Alphabetical”, written in the late 16th – early 17th century according to researchers. The assumption is made that it was replenished and adjusted over several decades, quickly responding to the demands of the times and reflecting the main processes that took place in Russian literature of the 16th and especially the 17th century. The scribe reflected the central feature of this period: the interaction of the traditional and the new, with an emphasis on the new. It demonstrates such new aspects of Russian literature of the 17th century as secularization, democratization, fiction, and individualization. It is rather telling that the vast majority of sample messages are private letters written for relatives and friends. Particularly noteworthy are the samples of ‘anti-friendly’ letters, some of which are parodies of friendly letters. They make up an organic part of the 17th century parodies, namely such satirical texts as Kalyazinsky Petition, The Dowry Document, The Tale of Ersh Ershovich, The Service of the Tavern. As it is known, parodies play a crucial role in the turning periods of literary development, which was the 17th century. In this era, first of all, the most stable and therefore most recognizable genres were parodied: business (petitions, dowry, court documents, etc.) and church (hagiographies, prayers, akathists, church services, etc.) writing. Quite noteworthy is the appearance along with these parodies of the parody of the epistolary genre, indicating that it had fully developed, and occupied a proper place in the system of literature genres, and was unmistakably recognized by authors and readers. Moreover, a new, ‘secular’ version had developed and was recognized: friendly letters, which were by no means educational, unlike those popular in Ancient Russian literature of previous centuries.

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Truong, Anh Thuan, and Thi Vinh Linh Nguyen. "Trade Activities and the Spread of Christianity by Portugal: Port of Faifo (Vietnam)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 1 (2022): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.109.

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In the 16th and 17th centuries, Faifo (Hoi An, Quang Nam province) emerged as one of the busiest international trading ports in Southeast Asia in general and in Vietnam in particular. At the same time, in Europe, Portugal and its formidable navy discovered a new maritime route to Asia. Using this knowledge, the Portuguese became one of the first Western states to explore this part of the world and laid the foundation for trade and missionary activities in a number of different countries and locations there. Among them, Faifo (in Vietnam) was a notable example. In fact, for almost a century (from the second half of the 16th century to the middle of the 17th century), the Portuguese had established business relationships and played an important role in trading activities in Faifo. Meanwhile, the Portuguese Crown strongly supported the Jesuit priests, aiding them in becoming the first Catholic missionary force based in Vietnam, thereby allowing for the introduction and spread of Christianity in Faifo as well as in other locations around Cochinchina. However, at the end of the 17th century, for a number of different factors, Portugal gradually lost its important role in trading and missionary activities in the port of Faifo. This article examines the Portuguese commercial and missionary activities in Faifo in the 16th and 17th centuries. It also aims to make a specific contribution to clarifying the relationship of exchange between Vietnam and Portugal in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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Сорокина, Т. Б. "Freethinking of the 17th Century: Edward Herbert’s Philosophy." Диалог со временем, no. 79(79) (August 20, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.79.79.002.

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В работе характеризуются взгляды Эдварда Герберта – английского философа, политика и общественного деятеля первой половины XVII в. Автор анализирует основные положения философской системы Э. Герберта, отмечая логическую связь между теорией познания и философией религии. Показано, что гносеологический объективизм Герберта явился основанием для его деистических идей, главной из которых стала идея «естественной религии». Автор считает заслугой Герберта попытку обосновать объективные основы и критерии познания, соединить его когнитивные и ценностные начала, подчеркнуть системное взаимодействие всех элементов. In the work are characterized by philosophical views of Edward Herbert – English philosopher, politician and public figure of the first half of the 17th century. The author of the article analyzes the basic provisions of the philosophical system of E. Herbert, noting the logical connection between the theory of cognition and the philosophy of religion. It is shown that Herbert's epistemological objectivism was the basis for his deistic ideas, the main of which was the idea of "natural religion". The author considers Herbert's merit to try to substantiate objective basics and criteria of cognition, to combine his cognitive and value principles, to emphasize the systemic interaction of all elements.

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30

Dayton, Cornelia Hughes, and Richard Weisman. "Witchcraft, Magic, and Religion in 17th-Century Massachusetts." American Journal of Legal History 30, no. 3 (July 1986): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/845736.

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31

Nuchelmans, Gabriel. "A 17th-century debate on the consequentia mirabilis." History and Philosophy of Logic 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445349208837193.

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32

Wilkinson, Greg. "Eating disorder in 17th century France – psychiatry in history." British Journal of Psychiatry 213, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.162.

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33

DENNEHY, COLEMAN A. "Speakers in the 17th-Century Irish Parliament*." Parliamentary History 29, no. 1 (February 2010): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2009.00135.x.

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34

Chambert-Loir, Henri. "Islamic Law in 17th Century Aceh." Archipel, no. 94 (December 6, 2017): 51–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archipel.444.

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35

Ailes, Mary Elizabeth. "WARS, WIDOWS, AND STATE FORMATION IN 17TH‐CENTURY SWEDEN." Scandinavian Journal of History 31, no. 1 (March 2006): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468750500444038.

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36

Walker, Jonathan, Filippo de Vivo, and James Shaw. "A dialogue on spying in 17th-century Venice 1." Rethinking History 10, no. 3 (September 2006): 323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642520600816098.

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37

Adams, Ann Jensen, and Peter C. Sutton. "Masters of Dutch 17th-Century Landscape Painting." Art Bulletin 74, no. 2 (June 1992): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3045877.

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38

Karlsen, Carol F., and Richard Weisman. "Witchcraft, Magic, and Religion in 17th-Century Massachusetts." William and Mary Quarterly 42, no. 2 (April 1985): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1920438.

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39

Butler, Jon, and Richard Weisman. "Witchcraft, Magic, and Religion in 17th-Century Massachusetts." American Historical Review 90, no. 1 (February 1985): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1860893.

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40

Shell, Richard J. "The Marianas population decline: 17th century estimates." Journal of Pacific History 34, no. 3 (December 1999): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223349908572914.

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41

Subbiondo, Joseph L. "Neo-aristotelian grammar in 17th-century England." Historiographia Linguistica 17, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.08sub.

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Summary In his Herm’œlogium; or an Essay at the Rationality of Speaking of 1659 Basset Jones intended to supplement William Lily’s (c. 1468–1522) popular 16th-century grammar, which had received the endorsement of Edward VI. Written in English and Latin, Lily’s grammar through its many editions not only set the standard for Latin grammars, but it also established the style for the first and subsequent grammars of English. Jones realized that Lily’s grammatical model, with its emphasis solely on the classification and arrangement of material according to the classic paradigms for conjugation and declension, ignored the philosophy of grammar which was necessary for an understanding of the relationship of language and thought.

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42

Abercrombie, David. "William Holder and other 17th-century phoneticians." Historiographia Linguistica 20, no. 2-3 (January 1, 1993): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.20.2-3.04abe.

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Summary In spite of inevitable deficiencies in their knowledge, 17th-century writers on phonetics can be said to have succeeded in laying the foundations of a true general phonetics. They include some famous names, such as John Wallis and Isaac Newton, but many of them have remained virtually unknown until comparatively recent times, in spite of having contributed significant insights. A brief mention is given here of the work of thirteen of these early writers on phonetics, followed by a fuller account of William Holder (1616–1698), probably the best phonetician of his time. He was not an orthoepist, nor was he concerned to describe the sounds of English. His book had a practical purpose – to provide a theoretical basis for techniques of teaching the deaf. Possible ambiguity in the 17th-century use of ‘letter’ is explained before examining Holder’s description of the sounds of speech. This includes his interesting use of the hylomorphic distinction between ‘matter’ and ‘form’. The description of vowels is almost inevitably less satisfactory than that of the consonants, but his phonetic terminology and general framework would not be out of place in a modern introduction to phonetics. He deserves more attention than he has received, both for his theoretical contribution and for his pioneering work in techniques of teaching the deaf.

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43

Hoving, A. J. "A 17th-century Dutch 134-footpinas, Part 1." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 17, no. 3 (August 1988): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1988.tb00649.x.

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44

Di Cicco, Francesca, Lisa Wiersma, Maarten Wijntjes, and Sylvia Pont. "Material Properties and Image Cues for Convincing Grapes: The Know-How of the 17th-Century Pictorial Recipe by Willem Beurs." Art and Perception 8, no. 3-4 (October 28, 2020): 337–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-bja10019.

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Painters mastered replicating the regularities of the visual patterns that we use to infer different materials and their properties, via meticulous observation of the way light reveals the world’s textures. The convincing depiction of bunches of grapes is particularly interesting. A convincing portrayal of grapes requires a balanced combination of different material properties, such as glossiness, translucency and bloom, as we learn from the 17th-century pictorial recipe by Willem Beurs. These material properties, together with three-dimensionality and convincingness, were rated in experiment 1 on 17th-century paintings, and in experiment 2 on optical mixtures of layers derived from a reconstruction of one of the 17th-century paintings, made following Beurs’s recipe. In experiment 3 only convincingness was rated, using again the 17th-century paintings. With a multiple linear regression, we found glossiness, translucency and bloom not to be good predictors of convincingness of the 17th-century paintings, but they were for the reconstruction. Overall, convincingness was judged consistently, showing that people agreed on its meaning. However, the agreement was higher when the material properties indicated by Beurs were also rated (experiment 1) than if not (experiment 3), suggesting that these properties are associated with what makes grapes look convincing. The 17th-century workshop practices showed more variability than standardization of grapes, as different combinations of the material properties could lead to a highly convincing representation. Beurs’s recipe provides a list of all the possible optical interactions of grapes, and the economic yet effective image cues to render them.

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45

Huang, Kangni. "Supplementing History: Xiyou bu as a 17th-Century Meta-Xiaoshuo." Ming Qing Yanjiu 26, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): 92–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-12340063.

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Abstract Xiaoshuo has long been considered supplementary to official historiography in the Chinese literary tradition. In this paper, I will rethink the supplementary nature of xiaoshuo as a conceptual issue. Specifically, I focus on the 17th-century novel Xiyou bu as a unique case in which the protagonist can be interpreted as a literary figuration of the creative agency of xiaoshuo. My close reading, in turn, takes into account that conventional discourses on xiaoshuo consider xiaoshuo a genre that is intended for supplementing, expanding, and explicating official historical sources.

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Gut, Przemysław. "The Philosophy of the 17th Century and Its History: Introduction." Roczniki Filozoficzne 63, no. 1 (2015): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rf.2015.63.1-1.

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47

Emelyanov, Evgeniy P. "N.V USTJUGOV’S RESEARCH OF RUSSIAN ORDERS’ HISTORY IN 17TH CENTURY." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and political science), no. 2 (2016): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-676x-2016-2-8-16.

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48

Pumfrey, S., P. Rayson, and J. Mariani. "Experiments in 17th century English: manual versus automatic conceptual history." Literary and Linguistic Computing 27, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqs017.

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49

Wylie, Frank Winston. "Public relations history from the 17th to the 20th century." Public Relations Review 22, no. 3 (September 1996): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-8111(96)90052-1.

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50

Cho, Byounghak, Sung Hoon Jeh, and Kisun Kim. "17th-Century Manchu (Qing) records as sources of Mongolian history*." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 68, no. 4 (December 2015): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2015.68.4.3.

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