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Polita, Naiara Barros, Francine de Montigny, Rhyquelle Rhibna Neris, Willyane de Andrade Alvarenga, Fernanda Machado Silva-Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi Leite, and Lucila Castanheira Nascimento. "The Experiences of Bereaved Parents After the Loss of a Child to Cancer: A Qualitative Metasynthesis." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 37, no. 6 (July 27, 2020): 444–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043454220944059.
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This study aims to synthesize qualitative evidence about the bereavement experience of parents following the death of a child due to cancer. A qualitative metasynthesis was conducted from searching five databases. The search identified 650 articles that were independently assessed by two reviewers. Thirty-one articles were selected for full-text reading and assessed for eligibility; a total of 14 articles were included in the final sample and submitted to quality appraisal. The software NVivo® was used to organize the data and support the thematic analysis procedures. Two analytical themes were constructed: (1) losing a child and facing a rupture in identity and sense of life and (2) surviving grief and reengaging in life. The grief process was dynamic, continuous, and begun before the death of the child. Fathers and mothers reacted differently to the loss and experience of grief. The loss of a child definitively changed the parents’ life and caused identity crisis and loss of life’s purpose. During the process of survival, parents constructed new meanings that helped them cope with grief; they used strategies that allowed them to recover their sense of purpose in life. Synthesizing the experience of bereaved parents is essential to improve the support families of children with advanced cancer receive to better cope with their suffering and loss, before and after the child’s death.
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Windy, Windy. "Kajian Teologis Kitab Ayub 1-2 Dan Implikasi Psikologis Terhadap Keluarga Kristen Yang Mengalami Kematian Anak Di Gereja Toraja Klasis Makale Tengah Jemaat Imanuel Tampo." KAMASEAN: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34307/kamasean.v1i2.32.
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This paper is motivated by a Christian family at Gereja Toraja Jemaat Imanuel Tampo who mourn the death of a child. The death of child causes parents to give different emotional reactions from one to others. Job 1-2 show that how Christians confronting with suffering. This is the author’s consideration to see the theological study of Job 1-2 and its implications for Christian families who experience child death at Gereja Toraja Klasis Makale Tengah Jemaat Imanuel Tampo. The research method that the authors use in this research is a narrative study qualitative. This narrative study is developed to describe the theological studies of Job 1-2 and the implications for Christian family who experience child death at Gereja Toraja Klasis Makale Tengah Jemaat Imanuel Tampo. Job confronted the suffering that occurs by surrendering to God and accepts that suffering humbly. Job 1-2 teaches to understand God’s sovereignty that occurs through suffering. Christian families who grieve over the loss of their children also accept the suffering they endure. Theory of Kubler Ross regards 5 stages of grief, namely denial of anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance as a process to be accepted the suffering. In the end the Christian family in the Gereja Toraja Klasis Makale tengah Jemaat Imanuel Tampo can through the suffering of the death of a child by surrending to God and accepting it.
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Szczepańska, Joanna. "Doświadczenia emocjonalne rodziców w procesie diagnozy dziecka ze spektrum zaburzeń autystycznych." Psychologia Rozwojowa 27, no. 2 (2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843879pr.22.010.17467.
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As the population of children who are diagnosed as being on autism spectrum grows in number, so does the interest of scientists in this subject. Specialists in various fields increasingly not only focus on the children themselves but also examine their families’ situation and functioning. By doing so, they aim to understand the family as a system. Numerous empirical studies have demonstrated that when a baby with a disability is born or when it develops in an abnormal way, this becomes a source of suffering, anxiety, grief, or hostility towards the outside world. Such a situation is viewed as a crisis, a loss, and a process of mourning; working through these experiences is difficult, requires tremendous work, and requires external support in many cases. For these reasons, this paper provides a brief overview of parents’ experiences in the process of diagnosing a child; it cites the literature on the topic and shows the different paths of these experiences.
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Black, Helen K., and Robert L. Rubinstein. "Narratives of Three Elderly African-American Women Living in Poverty Who have Lost an Adult Child to Horrendous Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 38, no. 2 (March 1999): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1nkp-axbp-9rla-a5uh.
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Fifty Elderly African-American Women Living In Poverty Were Interviewed For A Research Project Entitled “Chronic Poverty And The Self In Later Life” Which Studies The Effects Of Long-Term Poverty On Women's Self-Concepts. The Fact That Ten Women Out Of The Forty-Five Women In Our Sample Who Bore Children Lost Them To Murder, drugs, or other forms of violence made the subject of horrendous death (Leviton, 1995) salient during data analysis. Interview transcripts from three women who lost children to horrendous death were examined for reactions to the children's deaths and subsequent thoughts and feelings about their own deaths. Key themes emerging from the women's narratives were: 1) women's experience with poverty and abandonment, their expectation that life includes suffering, and their religious faith assisted them in grief work; 2) currently, women focused on present joys and concerns rather than on past sorrows; 3) women did not articulate thoughts about their own deaths in light of their child(ren)‘s deaths; and 4) women doubted or negated the concept of an afterlife, which contradicts traditional African beliefs and may speak to the loss they endured.
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Etinosa, Egharevba Matthew, Adejomo Gbadebo, Olonade Yunusa Olawale, Ugbenu Oke, and Kasa Adamu Gayus. "COVID-19 and the state of mental health challenges among Women, Girls and Children: the case of Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 7 (August 2, 2022): 648–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.97.12759.
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Health is a resource for daily existence and wellbeing. Mental, social, emotional, spiritual, psychological and physical health constitute an overall essence of that well-being. The COVID-19 epidemic has had a profoundly negative impact on women, children, and society as a whole by causing unfathomable loss, grief, pain, and solitude. The pandemic has pushed many families into poverty and exacerbated conditions of inequality with women and children exposed to violence and other deprivation which deeply impacted on their mental health. The study employed the use of content analysis of secondary sources of data, and the social stress, social model and general strain theories constituting the theoretical framework for examining the subject under investigation. The findings of the study demonstrated that the prevalence of mental disorders among women and children is rising, with serious human rights and socio-economic repercussions as a result of poverty and gender inequality. Furthermore, the majority of those suffering from mental health issues are unable to get the crucial medical and social care they need. The study's recommendation emphasized the need to address issues of poverty, inequality, and gender inequality as well as make sure that Nigeria's national and sustainable development policies and programmes must address the serious mental health problems that women and children currently face as well as those that will arise after the post-Covid-19 era.
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Murray, Rianna T., Laura Briggs Drew, Christina Memmott, Ya-Maila Bangura, and Elisabeth F. Maring. "A community’s experience during and after the Ebola epidemic of 2014—2016 in Sierra Leone: A qualitative study." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0009203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009203.
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Background The 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic devastated families and communities throughout West Africa. Due to its high mortality rate and infectious nature, most Ebola research to date has focused on healthcare response and interventions; however, little is known about the experiences of Ebola survivors and communities. This qualitative study aimed to better understand the lived experiences of community members, including children, during and after the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone. Methods During June 2016 and June 2017, we conducted four focus groups comprised of primary school students, female caretakers, male caretakers, and teachers, and two individual in-depth interviews with local nurses in Calaba Town, a small village outside of Freetown. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using a modified grounded theory methodology. Findings All participants shared that they experienced significant challenges during and after the Ebola epidemic. During the epidemic, participants endured daily life challenges pertaining to fear, financial distress, and school closures. They also experienced suffering, loss, isolation, grief, and compromised culture. Confusion and distrust were also prevalent during the epidemic, with participants reporting confusion around Ebola transmission and distrust in the government and healthcare services. We also found that the struggle for food and grief stemming from the loss of loved ones continued more than a year after the epidemic ended. Despite Sierra Leone being declared Ebola-free, stigma and fear persisted and community members shared their continuing distrust of the government due to their actions during and after the epidemic. Conclusions The findings of this qualitative study reveal that the Ebola epidemic was a traumatizing period for the Calaba Town community, and that confusion and distrust toward the government health care system have continued. Future studies should explore the extended impact of the epidemic on communities, including long-term psychological, social, and economic consequences of this outbreak.
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Schiefenhövel, Wulf. "Perception, Expression, and Social Function of Pain: A Human Ethological View." Science in Context 8, no. 1 (1995): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001885.
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The ArgumentPain has important biomedical socioanthropological, semiotic, and other facets. In this contribution pain and the experssion of pain are looked at from the perspective of evolutionary biology, utilizing, among others, cross-cultural data from field work in Melanesia.No other being cares for sick and suffering conspecifics in the way humans do. Notwithstanding aggression and neglect, common in all cultures, human societies can be characterized as empathic, comforting, and promoting the health and well-being of their members. One important stimulus triggering this caring response in others is the expression of pain. The nonverbal channel of communication, particularly certain universal — i.e., culture-independent facial expressions, gestures, and body postures, convey much of the message from the painstricken person to the group.These behaviors signal the person's physical and psychical pain, sadness, grief, and despair in ways very similar to the signs given by infants and small children: the body loses tonus and sinks or drops to the ground, the gestures are those of helplessness. Pain and grief may be so strong that control is lost not only over the body's posture but also over the mind's awareness. In such cases the afflicted person may carry out actions endangering himself or others. In general, these behavior patterns resemble those of infants in situations of distress and danger, and it is not surprising that the response of the members of the group is basically parental: taking care, assisting and consoling.Perceptive and behavioral patterns which developed in the course of avian and mammalian phylogeny to serve the well-being of the young have proven, as was shown by Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1989), to be powerful building blocks for actions in other spheres of human interaction. Love is one such field, the reactions to a conspecific suffering pain is another.
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Corral Trujillo, M. E., R. A. Cerda González, H. G. Martínez Sandoval, A. Carrazco Chapa, K. M. López Serna, J. C. Riega-Torres, L. Pérez Barbosa, C. M. Skinner Taylor, and D. Á. Galarza-Delgado. "AB1839-HPR PERINATAL GRIEF IN WOMEN WITH AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 2150.2–2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.4639.
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BackgroundPerinatal loss (PL), defined as a loss from any gestational age or in the neonatal period [1] lead women to the process of grieving. Perinatal Grief (PG) involves suffering and reaction such as sadness, disbelief and anger [2].PL and PG symptoms affect many women around the world; women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) have greater risk of PL. The Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) can help health providers prevent complicated grief in their patients [3].ObjectivesDetermine which PL and sociodemographic variables are associated factors to a complicated grief in women with ARDs.MethodsDescriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study at the Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González” in México. We included women from the Pregnancy and Rheumatic Diseases Clinic (CEER) that answer a virtual survey with the PGS. The demographic, ARD and PL data were obtained from the clinical records. For the control group, women without ARD were invited to fill a virtual survey with the PGS, sociodemographic and PL data.The PGS is a Likert-type scale that consists of 27 items with four response options. The questions are distributed in four subscales: active grief (10 items), guilt (8 items), depression (6 items), acceptance (3 items). Scores greater than 50 points suggests a complicated grief comorbidity.The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine normality; to analyze the differences between groups, Mann–Whitney U, Chi-square tests and T-test were employed. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical analysis was performed with the statistical program SPSS version 25.ResultsA total of 50 women were included: 25 with ARD and 25 without ARD. The median age for the group with ARD was 42 (38.5-51) and 34 (26-42.5) for the without ARD group. In the ARD group the most frequent diagnosis were systemic lupus erythematosus (7/14%), rheumatoid arthritis (6/12%) and Antiphospholipid Syndrome (4/8%).For the PGS, twenty (40%) of the 50 women got a score >50; 11 (55%) were women without ARD and 9(45%) have ARD. The PL, suffered by these 20 women were 18 during the pregnancy (17/85% on the first trimester and 1/5% on the second trimester) and 2 (10%) after birth. No statistically differences were found in the total score and subscales of the PGS between groups. The sociodemographic and PL data and the PGS score for both groups are included intable 1.ConclusionEven though there were no significant differences between groups; we hypothesize that the greater number of PL in women with ARD serves as a protective factor and prevents that the PG evolve to a complicated grief. On the other hand, having the PL during the first trimester of the pregnancy can be a risk factor for complicated grief. Our limitation was the sample size for both groups.References[1] Côté-Arsenault D and Denney-Loelsch E (2016) “Have no regrets”: Parents’ experiences and developmental task in pregnancy with lethal fetal diagnosis. Social Sciences and Medicine 154, 100–109.[2] Bonanno GA and Kaltman S (2001) The varieties of grief experience. Clinical Psychology Review 21, 705–734.[3] Mota González C, Calleja Bello N, Aldana Calva E, Gómez López ME, Sánchez Pichardo MA. Escala de duelo perinatal: validación en mujeres mexicanas con pérdida gestacional. Revista latinoamericana de psicología. 2011 Sep;43(3):419-28.Table 1.Clinical characterizationPatients with ARD N=25Patients without ARD N=25P=0.05Years of education0.114>9 years21 (84%)15 (60%)<9 years4 (16%)10 (40%)Marital Status0.225Single2 (8%)2 (8%)Married/Common law20 (80%)15 (60%)Divorced3 (12%)8 (32%)Perinatal Losses0.387113 (52%)17 (68%)>112 (48%)3 (32%)Number of pregnancies, median (IQR)4 (2.5-5)3 (2-3.5)0.38Number of living children, median (IQR)2 (1-3)1 (0.5-2)0.123PGS score, median (IQR)43(37.5-60.0)46 (39.5-62.5)0.587PGS active grief subscale13 (10-18)14 (12-18.5)0.355PGS depression subscale12 (10-19)12 (10-22)0.782PGS guilt subscale12 (9-18.5)12 (8-17)0.815PGS acceptance subscale6 (6-8)7 (6-8)0.347Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Fieldsend, Megumi, and Jonathan A. Smith. "‘Either stay grieving, or deal with it’: the psychological impact of involuntary childlessness for women living in midlife." Human Reproduction 35, no. 4 (April 2020): 876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa033.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is it like for women to be involuntarily childless in midlife? SUMMARY ANSWER Involuntarily childless women may be suffering from prolonged grief due to its ambiguous and intangible nature; however, they are also striving to find ways of dealing with their internal pain in order to live with their loss. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Many studies examining issues around human reproduction have tended to place childlessness in the realm of medicalised infertility and report generalised mental issues, such as depression and psychological distress, existing amongst women undergoing fertility treatments. Few studies, however, have focused on the individual with regard to the experiential significance of involuntary childlessness and living beyond the phase of trying for a baby. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A phenomenologically oriented person-centred qualitative design was used. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 White British women, who identified themselves as involuntarily childless, recruited via three leading childless support networks in the UK. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In order to retain an idiographic commitment to the detailed account of a person’s experience, a homogeneous and purposive sampling was used applying the following criteria: women aged between 45 and 55; in long-term heterosexual relationships with no adopted children, stepchildren or children of a partner from a previous marriage or relationship; and no longer trying to have a child. Considering the homogeneity of ethnic background and wishing to respect cultural differences, this study focused on White British women living in the UK. Of the 12, one woman was found to not meet the criteria, and therefore, the experiential data of 11 interviews were used for the study and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Two higher-order levels of themes that illustrate intrapersonal features were identified: the intrapersonal consequences of loss and confronting internal pain. The former explicated the depth of internal pain while the latter revealed ways in which the participants deal with it in their everyday lives. The important finding here is that both themes are co-existing internal features and dynamically experienced by the participants as they live with the absence of much-hoped-for children. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Given the homogeneous sampling and the small number of participants, which is consistent with IPA, we want to be cautious in generalising our study findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study offers the view that there might be potential mental health issues surrounding involuntary childlessness that are currently overlooked. Particularly because the loss of hope cannot be pathologised, and the grief is ambiguous and intangible, it might make people’s grieving process more complicated. An ongoing sense of uncertainty also may persist in that involuntarily childless people may develop symptoms similar to those diagnosed with prolonged grief disorder (PGD). The overall findings elucidate the need for clinicians, counsellors and health professionals to be aware of the possible association with PGD and promote long-term support and care in helping to maintain psychological well-being for people dealing with involuntary childlessness. Furthermore, this research points to an educational application for younger people by offering information beyond an explanation of infertility and fertility treatment, helping to understand the lived experience of involuntary childlessness. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No funding was obtained for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Gerhardstein, Alphonse. "Making a Buck While Making a Difference." Michigan Journal of Race & Law, no. 21.2 (2016): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.21.2.making.
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It is not right for children to die before their parents. It is not right for peaceful, unarmed citizens to die at the hands of the police. In my civil rights practice, I have met many mothers, fathers, and family members who are struggling to recover after a law enforcement officer caused the death of their loved one. Sure, they want fair compensation. But money does little to reduce their loss or make the grief more bearable. They often want to do something that will ensure that their loved one did not die in vain. They want to prevent other families from suffering the same loss. This Article will show that even without standing to seek injunctive relief, these plaintiffs can indeed secure significant reform. This Article will also share suggestions for the practitioner on how to litigate these cases economically and efficiently. Part I explores avenues for relief other than compensatory and punitive damages. Part II shares language to include in retainer agreements to encourage clients to share any settlement they reach with the public to increase awareness of police misconduct. Part III explains that researching local police policies and practices helps to inform where meaningful opportunities for reform exist. Part IV then provides examples of resolutions that require the officers involved and their supervisors to personally engage with the victims’ families or that commemorate victims in their respective communities. Finally, Part V reviews techniques for case selection, case theory, and working within a budget so the small office practitioner can make enough money to carry the work forward.
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Blando, John A., Katie Graves-Ferrick, and Jo Goecke. "Relationship Differences in Aids Memorials." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 49, no. 1 (August 2004): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/a6dj-5evh-56d3-vlar.
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The purpose of this research was to describe AIDS memorials on the Web and to explore relationship differences among those who were grieving loved ones who had died with AIDS, through a thematic content analysis of the memorials the bereft posted on the Web. We identified an AIDS Web site that contained 900 memorials; the memorials often were emotionally intense and personal. We independently coded the memorials for characteristics of the authors, the deceased, and the memorials themselves. Slightly more men than women were memorial authors, and although memorials were authored by a wide variety of individuals, the vast majority of authors fell into seven broad categories: partners, spouses, children, parents, siblings, extended family, and friends. In the memorial content, we identified 2l themes; overall, content of the memorials was dissimilar to obituaries. Content of the memorials as described above were treated as dependent measures in a series of analyses, with relationship between the bereaved and the deceased the independent variable. Memorials written by parents were shortest, while those written by partners or spouses were longest. Partners and spouses revealed the highest emotional intensity, while extended family and friends revealed the lowest. Children most strongly expressed the theme of grief while parents expressed this least strongly. All groups expressed love for the deceased; friends most commonly relayed specific stories about the deceased or discussed how the deceased had influenced them. The authors posit that AIDS memorials on the Web give authentic voice to disenfranchised grievers' sense of loss and suffering.
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Wiener, Lori, Abby R. Rosenberg, Brian Pennarola, Abigail Fry, and Meaghann Weaver. "Navigating the terrain of moral distress: Experiences of pediatric end-of-life care and bereavement during COVID-19." Palliative and Supportive Care 19, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951521000225.
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AbstractObjectiveParents of seriously ill children worry about their vulnerable child contracting COVID-19, whether their child's palliative care providers will be able to continue to provide the same quality of care to their child, and who can be with the child to provide comfort. For providers, shifts in healthcare provision, communication formats, and support offerings for families facing distress or loss during the pandemic may promote providers’ moral distress. This study aimed to define the ways that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted end-of-life care and approach to bereavement care in pediatric palliative care (PPC).MethodThe Palliative Assessment of Needed DEvelopments and Modifications In the Era of Coronavirus (PANDEMIC) survey was developed to learn about the PPC experience during COVID-19 in the United States. The survey was posted with permission on seven nationally focused Listservs.ResultsA total of 207 PPC team members from 80 cities within 39 states and the District of Columbia participated. In the majority of hospitals, admitted pediatric patients were only allowed one parent as a visitor with the exception of both parents or nuclear family at end of life. Creative alternatives to grief support and traditional funeral services were described. The high incidence of respondents’ depicted moral distress was often focused on an inability to provide a desired level of care due to existing rules and policies and bearing witness to patient and family suffering enhanced by the pandemic.Significance of resultsThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the provision of end-of-life care and bereavement for children, family caregivers, and PPC providers. Our results identify tangible limitations of restricted personal contact and the pain of watching families stumble through a stunted grieving process. It is imperative that we find solutions for future global challenges and to foster solidarity in PPC.
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Nikolchenko, Tamara, and Maria Nikolchenko. "Ukrainian folk songs of the stormy years (songs of captivity of the Second World War)." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: Philosophy, culture studies, sociology 10, no. 19 (2020): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-19-62-74.
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The article covers the complex processes of folk art during the Second World War, in particular slave poetry. In times of war, the creation of folk poetry is intensified, which is caused by the need to respond to events, to record them, above all, in memory. These song responses to events take place on the material of "old" samples of poetry that are already known. And «innovations» are used by participants of events and are saturated with new realities. Such is the folk song of the period of fascist captivity during the Second World War. The genesis of the poetry of captivity of the studied period can be traced on a large factual material, it is proved that genetically slave poetry of the period of the Second World War is connected with the cries of slaves and has its roots in the long history of Ukraine. These motives are still heard in the old Cossack thoughts, in which the lamentation gradually turns into a lyrical song. And during the war troubles of the twentieth century, these songs became relevant and sounded in a modern way. The article analyzes recordings of songs that reflect the grief of young girls taken to forced labor in Germany, the suffering of mothers who lose their children. Most of the analyzed works are stored in the funds of the IMFE of Ukraine, as well as in the own records of the authors of the article. The folklore of captivity, according to the authors of the article, fully reflects the deep universal feelings. It is the basis of artistic culture, because the socio-pragmatic world is conditioned by spiritual ideas about its integrity and ideals. The folklore of captivity, according to the authors of the article, fully reflects the deep universal feelings. It is the basis of artistic culture, because the socio-pragmatic world is conditioned by spiritual ideas about its integrity and ideals.
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Esplen, Mary Jane, Jiahui Wong, Mary L. S. Vachon, and Yvonne Leung. "A Continuing Educational Program Supporting Health Professionals to Manage Grief and Loss." Current Oncology 29, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 1461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29030123.
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Health professionals working in oncology face the challenge of a stressful work environment along with impacts of providing care to those suffering from a life-threatening illness and encountering high levels of patient loss. Longitudinal exposure to loss and suffering can lead to grief, which over time can lead to the development of compassion fatigue (CF). Prevalence rates of CF are significant, yet health professionals have little knowledge on the topic. A six-week continuing education program aimed to provide information on CF and support in managing grief and loss and consisted of virtual sessions, case-based learning, and an online community of practice. Content included personal, health system, and team-related risk factors; protective variables associated with CF; grief models; and strategies to help manage grief and loss and to mitigate against CF. Participants also developed personal plans. Pre- and post-course evaluations assessed confidence, knowledge, and overall satisfaction. A total of 189 health professionals completed the program (90% nurses). Reported patient loss was high (58.8% > 10 deaths annually; 12.2% > 50). Improvements in confidence and knowledge across several domains (p < 0.05) related to managing grief and loss were observed, including use of grief assessment tools, risk factors for CF, and strategies to mitigate against CF. Satisfaction level post-program was high. An educational program aiming to improve knowledge of CF and management of grief and loss demonstrated benefit.
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Clark, Andrew. "Working with grieving adults." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 10, no. 3 (May 2004): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.10.3.164.
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Despite the dearth of recent psychiatric literature on the subject of grief, mental health professionals continue to see patients suffering from complex responses to grief. This article reviews psychological theories about normal and abnormal grief, drawing particularly on the work of Freud, Klein, Bowlby and Parkes. It describes the principles of grief work, using as illustration clinical examples of adults grieving as a result of bereavement. These principles also apply to work with adults grieving other forms of loss (e.g. breakdown of a love relationship, loss of employment or loss of physical health).
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Cronin Favazza, Paddy, and Leslie J. Munson. "Loss and Grief in Young Children." Young Exceptional Children 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2010): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096250609356883.
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Lapeña, Jr, José Florencio. "Death and Dying During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tahan Na, Humimlay." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 36, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v36i1.1667.
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Nagwakas ang araw
Lupa’t dagat, langit, pumanaw
Tahan na, Humimlay
Siyanawa
— JF Lapeña, Tahan Na, Humimlay
The continuing COVID-19 pandemic has directly or indirectly claimed the lives of countless colleagues, friends, and family. I personally thought my tears had run dry as people I knew and loved died throughout the past year, but the wells of grief run deep, even as the plague continues its scourge as of this writing. Especially when fellow front-liners fall, the haunting bugle call echoes the finality of death: “day is done, gone the sun, from the lake, from the hills, from the sky.”1
Of my original fellow office-bearers in the Philippine Association of Medical Journal Editors (PAMJE), two have passed on: Dr. Gerard “Raldy” Goco and Jose Ma. “Joey” Avila.2 Even in our Philippine Society of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, I do not recall us dedicating so many passages in issues past as we do now, with tributes to Dr. Elvira Colmenar, Dr. Ruben Henson Jr., Dr. Marlon del Rosario, and Dr. Oliverio Segura. Our Philippine Medical Association Central Tagalog Region (PMA-CTR) has lost more than its share of physicians: Dr. Joseph Aniciete, Dr. Patrocinio Dayrit, and Dr. Rhoderick Presas of the Caloocan City Medical Society; Dr. Mar Cruz, Dr. Mayumi Bismarck, and Dr. Edith Zulueta of the Marikina Valley Medical Society; Dr. Kharen AbatSenen of the Valenzuela City Medical Society; Dr. Romy Encanto and Dr. Cosme Naval of the San Juan Medical Society; Dr. Roberto Anastacio and Dr. Encarnacion Cabral of the Makati Medical Society; and Dr. Amy Tenedero and Dr. Neil Orteza of the Pasay Parañaque Medical Society. The rest of the PMA has lost over 145 physicians due to, or during, the pandemic.
As healthcare workers, how do we deal with their deaths, the inevitability of more deaths, and the very real prospect of our own deaths during these trying times? How do we continue our work of saving lives in our overcrowded hospitals and community-based clinics while dealing with grief and facing our own fears for ourselves and our families?
Over 50 years ago, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross formulated a model of dying with five stages of coping with impending loss of life (denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance) based on her work with dying patients at the University of Chicago, and these have become widely considered as phases of grief that people go through when faced with the prospect of their own death (or as a response to any major life change).3 By focusing “on dying, rather than death,” her work “shifted attention of religious thinkers, pastors, and authors of personal testimonies onto the themes and framework she offered” and “her legacy was to offer a fresh way to think and speak about dying, death and grieving.”4 Whether, and how we might appropriate her framework in order to cope with our personal and collective experiences during this pandemic, a pandemic that is arguably worse than any worst case scenario ever imagined, is another matter altogether. Does the framework even apply?
The very nature of the COVID-19 pandemic is changing how people die -- in ambulances, makeshift tents and long queues outside overflowing hospitals, or en route to distant hospitals with vacancies (with patients from the National Capitol Region travelling to as far away as Central and Northern Luzon or Southern Tagalog and Bicol), or in their own homes (as people with “mild” symptoms are encouraged to monitor themselves at home, often rushing in vain to be admitted in hospitals with no vacancies when it is already too late) -- and “we have to make difficult decisions regarding resuscitation, treatment escalation, and place of care,”5 or of death.
The new normal has been for COVID-19 patients to die alone, and rapidly so, within days or even hours, with little time to go through any process of preparation. Friends and family, including spouses, parents, and children, are separated from the afflicted, and even after death, the departed are quickly cremated, depriving their loved ones of the usual rites and rituals of passage. In most cases, wakes and novenas for the dead can only be held virtually, depriving the grieving loved ones of the support and comfort that face-to-face condolences bring. Indeed, the social support systems that helped people cope with death have been “dismantled, and the cultural and religious rituals that help us process grief also stripped away.”5
Amidst all this, “we must ensure that humanity, community, and compassion at the end of life are sustained,” and that “new expressions of humanity help dispel fear and protect the mental health of bereaved families.”6 What these expressions might be, and whether they can inspire hope in the way that community pantries7 have done remains to be seen. But develop these expressions we must, for our sakes as for the sake of our patients. The “hand of God” -- two disposable latex gloves filled with warm water and tied around the hand of a woman with COVID-19 to alleviate her suffering by nurse technician Araújo Cunha at the Vila Prado Emergency Care Unit in São Paulo is one such poignant expression.8
Ultimately, we must develop such expressions for and among ourselves as well. As healthcare workers, our fears for ourselves, our colleagues, and our own loved ones “are often in conflict with professional commitments” and “given the risks of complicated grief,” we “must put every effort into (our) own preparation for these deaths as well as into (our) own healthy grieving.”9 We cannot give up; our profession has never been as needed as it is now. True, we can only do so much, and so much more is beyond our control. But to this end, let us imagine the soothing, shushing “tahan na” (don’t cry) we whisper to hush crying infants, coupled with the calming invitation “humimlay” (lay down; rest; sleep). Yes, the final bugle call may echo the finality of death, but it can simultaneously reassure us that “all is well, safety rest, God is nigh!”1
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Latremouille, Jodi. "Grief-Writing." Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal 7, no. 2 (December 4, 2022): 439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18432/ari29669.
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It’s been a tough couple of years. Each one among us could list off the news headlines as a lengthy and overwhelming reminder. And each one among us could certainly curate a personalized list that amplifies and extends our collective sufferings. The past couple of years have left me wondering, “what could possibly be next?” I heed David Geoffrey Smith’s (2014) call to “reimagine new, wiser human possibilities” for our overlapping worlds of suffering. As an educator, mother, world-lover deeply concerned with all forms of justice, I share grief-writing: poetic stories of small-town sufferings through floods, stories of family hurts, heartaches and loss, stories of love enduring through hopelessness. I engage life writing and poetic inquiry to undertake a dialogue with my own heart-memories, my loved ones, my scholarly ancestors— towards hopeful pedagogical possibilities for healing.
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Nibbelink, Mark. "Guest Editorial: Will the Omicron Variant Lead to the Collapse of Oil Prices?" Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0222-0010-jpt.
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With the Omicron variant continuing to spread around the world, will a drop in oil prices follow? Maybe, but probably only in the short term. Equity markets tanked Friday, 26 November 2021, on fears that the Omicron variant, first identified in South Africa, would sharply impact worldwide economic output. The nearly 1,000-point loss in the Dow wiped nearly $90 billion of value in Dow equities. Oil prices were particularly hit hard, dropping nearly 10% from Thursday’s close. That drop, however, was minor compared to what happened to prices in early 2020, when at the end of April oil prices had dropped nearly 70% in value. This was frightening and was a combined pessimistic response to fears of demand destruction due to the coronavirus and the price war initiated by OPEC and Russia to counter rising production from US shale oil producers. As a world economy, we had not faced a major health crisis since 2014 when Ebola fears gripped the world and in 2009 when H1N1 flu sickened 60.8 million and killed 12,469 in the US, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). If we go back to the 1918 Spanish flu, Fig. 1 shows the gross US demographic impact of these pandemics. The 1918 Spanish flu infected about 28% of the US population but did not impact oil prices to any great degree. COVID-19 has infected about 15% of our fellow citizens but has caused nearly 125,000 more deaths because our population is about three times larger than it was in 1918. In our current COVID-19 pandemic, images of first responders desperately improvising to save lives, stories of grief-stricken children, and partners forced to provide remote comfort to isolated and suffering elders tested our confidence that there would ever be a “normal” American life in the future. How Did Oil Markets React? The pre-COVID price of oil (CLF) in late 2019 dropped by 73% to its low in April 2020. Fears of demand destruction due to COVID dropped the price from $63/bbl to around $40/bbl—a 36% drop (Fig. 2). Price pressure was further exacerbated by OPEC’s price war with Russia, with OPEC increasing its output by a factor of four during a short window going into and lasting through April 2020. This dropped the price of oil another 40–50%. Once OPEC ended its price war, the baseline price of oil was around $40/bbl. When Moderna and Pfizer announced their vaccines, and the CDC authorized their emergency use, prices recovered until late July 2021 when the US entered its third wave of increasing case counts and rising death counts.
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Hochman, Karen M., Elizabeth Fritz, and Richard R. J. Lewine. "Overcome by or Overcoming Loss: A Call for the Development of Therapy for Individuals Mourning Vocational Loss in Schizophrenia." Illness, Crisis & Loss 13, no. 4 (October 2005): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105413730501300401.
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People with schizophrenia are often unable to realize vocational expectations because of schizophrenia-related functional impairments. This is particularly acute in those individuals from advantaged sociocultural backgrounds of whom much is expected. We present the case history of an acclaimed woman artist who lost artistic productivity with the advent of severe and persistent psychotic symptoms. We suggest that “loss of vocational potential” is a major loss worthy of grief work. Introduction and rationale are presented, followed by a case presentation that aims to illustrate the psychological effects of intangible loss for individuals suffering from serious mental illness. Three approaches to grief work are reviewed. The notion of incorporating grief work into the treatment of persons with schizophrenia is introduced. The authors call for increased attention to and study of the symbolic and emotional impact of the interpersonal and vocational losses that accompany schizophrenia. A carefully structured grief work intervention needs to be developed that maximizes adaptation and minimizes risk for suicide and that should be coupled with clinical indicators and validated outcome measures.
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Moon, Paul J. "Article Commentary: Grief and Palliative Care: Mutuality." Palliative Care: Research and Treatment 7 (January 2013): PCRT.S10890. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/pcrt.s10890.
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Grief and palliative care are interrelated and perhaps mutually inclusive. Conceptually and practically, grief intimately relates to palliative care, as both domains regard the phenomena of loss, suffering, and a desire for abatement of pain burden. Moreover, the notions of palliative care and grief may be construed as being mutually inclusive in terms of one cueing the other. As such, the discussions in this article will center on the conceptualizations of the mutuality between grief and palliative care related to end-of-life circumstances. Specifically, the complementarity of grief and palliative care, as well as a controvertible view thereof, will be considered.
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Koblenz, Jessica. "Growing From Grief." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 73, no. 3 (March 10, 2015): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815576123.
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Currently, there are 2.5 million children in the United States who suffered the loss of a parent. Grieving children are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with their nongrieving peers. Adults ( N = 19) who experienced a loss during childhood were interviewed to assess what was most helpful and most harmful in coping through the years following the death. The qualitative descriptions were coded and analysis of common themes determined. Five theoretical constructs were found: adjustment to catastrophe, support, therapy, continuing a connection with the deceased parent, and reinvestment. The findings have clinical applications for bereaved children, their families, and clinical programs targeting this population. The unique insights provide an emotionally salient expression of their experiences and provide a framework for how best to support this group.
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Melnick, Joseph,, and Susan, Roos. "The Myth of Closure." Gestalt Review 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/gestaltreview.11.2.90.
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Abstract Since the traumatic events of September 11, 2001, the concept of closure in dealing with grief and loss has received increased attention. In this article, we challenge the popular belief that a lack of completion forms the core of neurosis resulting in a decreased ability to live a lively present-centered life. We begin by reviewing prevalent, traditional, linear models and approaches to human suffering and grief. We then provide reasons for doubting the utility of linear models that are related to constructs of closure, describe emerging non-linear paradigms for grief and loss, and emphasize the evolving Gestalt perspective. Finally, we discuss benefits of non-closure and end with a vignette illustrating our belief that closure does not occur for significant loss and that there are advantages of non-closure during a lifetime.
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Ruiz, Sandra. "A Light for a Light." Meridians 21, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 455–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-9882141.
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Abstract How does loss tear a hole in the world and produce a collective remaking of a new social order in which grief-work is not contained singularly but is a process done in feminist, queer, and Black and Brown ensemble? Interested in how we deliberately incorporate loss into collective grief-work, this article pulls from feminist and queer theorists of color who move across social and psychical constructions of sorrow. Highlighting contemporary art by minoritarian artists such as Eva Margarita Reyes and Pedro Lopez, who embrace loss, the author argues that grief-work is a communal labor we undergo together in acts of intimate meditation, suffering, spillage, and transformation. Happening in feminist and queer ensemble, grief-work is a deliberate decision to assemble in nonlinear feelings and attachments; it is an intention to work together to defend not only the dead but also the living, tending to immaterial energies that shift the fecund terrain of both life and death.
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Bowman, Ted. "Thankfulness for Grief and Grieving: Exploring Paradoxes." Illness, Crisis & Loss 15, no. 4 (October 2007): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/il.15.4.a.
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This article explores the legitimacy of linking thankfulness and grieving. Without minimizing the pain and suffering losses can engender, the case is made for attention to thankfulness in the midst of grieving. Three examples are developed and discussed, drawing on memoirs and poems of loss, as well as the grief and bereavement literature. Additional links between thankfulness and grieving are suggested for future exploration.
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Weinstein, Nicole. "Making sense of loss." Nursery World 2021, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2021.8.36.
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Gudmundsdottir, Maria. "Embodied Grief: Bereaved Parents' Narratives of Their Suffering Body." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 59, no. 3 (November 2009): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.59.3.e.
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Experiences and symptoms emanating from the bereaved person's body are commonly considered to be psychosomatic reactions to loss. The lingering of such experiences is thought to reflect a maladaptive coping style that needs to be addressed to access the psychological pain underlying the symptoms. In this interpretive, phenomenological study of 15 family members in seven families who lost a child to sudden, unexpected death, stories of embodied grief are explored to further understand the grieving body. The findings of this study illuminate the many ways parents experience their grieving body and they underscore the importance of witnessing and acknowledging stories of the body in clinical work with bereaved parents who are learning to live in a world without their beloved child.
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Jarolmen, Joann. "A Comparison of the Grief Reaction of Children and Adults: Focusing on Pet Loss and Bereavement." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 37, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/h937-u230-x7d9-cvkh.
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Based on the fact that the human-animal bond has existed through recorded history and researchers are now beginning to explore humans' reactions to its loss, this study attempts to answer the following questions: Does human attachment to a pet vary with age/stage of development? Does grief vary by age/stage of development? Does the length and intensity of grief change if the loss was anticipated or sudden? The purpose of this study is to understand attachment and bereavement/loss in children and adolescents as compared to adults. The “Pet Attachment Survey,” the “Grief Experience Inventory,” and “Questions for Each Person in the Study” were the instruments used in this study. The participants included 106 children, 57 adolescents, and 270 adults who had lost their pets within a twelve-month interval. The findings suggest that children and adolescents have similar attachments to their pets. Children grieved more than adults in this study. Anticipated grief partially helped participants to allay the grief response.
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Cordell, Antoinette S., and Nancy Thomas. "Perinatal Loss: Intensity and Duration of Emotional Recovery." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 35, no. 3 (November 1997): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dbc8-cpvr-k5ax-v79x.
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This article seeks to expand our concept of the intense grief process that parents endure in suffering the loss of a baby. It is based on our experience of eighteen years in counseling bereaved parents in our perinatal support group program at Children's Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio. There are unique characteristics of parental grief that are not accounted for in our theories to date. Full emotional expression has been emphasized as helpful although it has been recognized in recent research findings that it may not be necessary for all individuals. Here we address how to conceptualize the continuous alternation of denial and acceptance as parents grieve and the lack of definitive resolution. We apply Berenson's Map of Emotions to this issue in developing a working clinical model of the mourning process.
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McNeil, Michael J., Eve Namisango, Jennifer Hunt, Richard A. Powell, and Justin N. Baker. "Grief and Bereavement in Parents After the Death of a Child in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Children 7, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7050039.
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While great strides have been made in improving childhood mortality, millions of children die each year with significant health-related suffering. More than 98% of these children live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Efforts have been made to increase access to pediatric palliative care (PPC) services to address this suffering in LMICs through policy measures, educational initiatives, and access to essential medicines. However, a core component of high-quality PPC that has been relatively neglected in LMICs is grief and bereavement support for parents after the death of their child. This paper reviews the current literature on parental grief and bereavement in LMICs. This includes describing bereavement research in high-income countries (HICs), including its definition, adverse effect upon parents, and supportive interventions, followed by a review of the literature on health-related grief and bereavement in LMICs, specifically around: perinatal death, infant mortality, infectious disease, interventions used, and perceived need. More research is needed in grief and bereavement of parents in LMICs to provide them with the support they deserve within their specific cultural, social, and religious context. Additionally, these efforts in LMICs will help advance the field of parental grief and bereavement research as a whole.
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Hughes, Cornelius, and Dagmar Fleming. "Grief Casualties on Skid Row." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 23, no. 2 (October 1991): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mme5-h8fg-1u7d-8jny.
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Case study research in a southwestern shelter for homeless men revealed a small, but notable, minority suffering from unresolved grief. The grief of these men was due to the death of a spouse, a child, a parent, or other member of their immediate family, or to a particularly painful divorce, earlier in their lives. Their relationship loss and the consequent grief that they were unable to complete appeared to have robbed them of the will to maintain their social standing in society. The result was drastic downward mobility to a life on the street. Their failure to cope with grief would appear to be due to a dearth of primary relationships in their former and present lives.
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Palmer, Victoria. "Narrative Repair: [Re]covery, Vulnerability, Service, and Suffering." Illness, Crisis & Loss 15, no. 4 (October 2007): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/il.15.4.f.
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This article explores the concept of recovery and the role of vulnerability in suffering. It examines our overall discomfort with vulnerability in the context of narratives of violence, disorder, and the everyday. This discomfort is explored through a voyage of three narrative types: testimony, chaos, and restitution narratives (Frank, 1995). The article offers that while loss and narrative despair are the characteristic response of vulnerability storytelling does not always, contrary to dominant perspectives in narrative therapy and practice, result in narrative repair. Narrative despair…the pain, mourning, grief, and loss involved in telling stories…is central to a recovery of vulnerability.
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WINKLER, EMILY A. "GRIEF, GRIEVING, AND LOSS IN HIGH MEDIEVAL HISTORICAL THOUGHT." Traditio 77 (2022): 129–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2022.8.
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This article investigates how and why medieval ecclesiastical writers thought and wrote about experiences of grief in human history. It examines the works of three late twelfth-century Latin writers from England: a foundation history of Waltham Abbey and its holy cross, a series of annals kept by Hugh Candidus at Peterborough, and Gerald of Wales's autobiographical and travel writing alongside his De principis instructione. Drawing on biblical, literary, theological, and iconographic models for grief and suffering in the western Christian tradition, the article situates these works in the exegetical and philosophical ideas they shared, and explains what is original and significant about their approaches to each instance of grief. It argues that the central problem these writers pondered in their narratives was the relationship between the universal and particular nature of grief. Grieving, they thought, had three key qualities: it impelled a desire to act; it could not be meaningfully measured; and it persisted in time. In prioritizing the experience of grief over its function, meaning, or morality, these writers considered the emotion rational, natural, and honest. The value these writers placed on human family or family-like relationships provides the context for understanding their priorities in thinking about responses to loss. Interest in grief's endurance, rather than its resolution in consolation, has been understood as more typical of secular, not sacred, thought. By showing how these writers’ ideas about grief's nature lived alongside and within other ideas of Christian thought, this article illuminates a greater range of medieval ecclesiastical ideas about the dignity of human history and emotion.
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Lightbody, Teresa K. "Neonatal Death: A Grief Intervention Framework." Illness, Crisis & Loss 13, no. 3 (July 2005): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105413730501300301.
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The death of a neonate is an extremely heartbreaking loss that can result in overwhelming and overpowering grief responses. Because of the intensity of the grief reactions these parents experience it is absolutely imperative that social workers intervene appropriately with families whose baby has died. This article will review grief intervention and the application of this approach. Five grief intervention models will be discussed including Lindemann's (1944) stages of grief work, Bowlby's (1980) three phases of mourning, Rando's (1988) three phases of grief, Worden (2001) tasks of grief work and White's (1988) “saying hullo metaphor.” A case example will be used to describe the application of Worden's (2001) task model with a family whose twin babies have died on the NICU. Lastly, how this review and use of grief intervention models impacts social work practice on a NICU setting will be discussed. Ultimately, social workers should intervene according to the needs presented by these families or otherwise clinicians risk inflicting further pain and suffering on parents already experiencing the extreme anguish of grief.
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Trolley, Barbara C. "Kaleidoscope of Aid for Parents Whose Child Died by Suicidal and Sudden, Non-Suicidal Means." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 27, no. 3 (November 1993): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/humq-kvbq-a02b-ydyb.
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The sudden loss of a child, especially by suicide, can be a lifelong sentence of suffering for the bereaved parents. Reaching out for help is often an inconceivable and impossible task for the parent survivors due to the complex grief process that is experienced. What roles helpers can play, who can fill this position of helper, and what criteria such providers of assistance must meet to be effective are addressed. Special considerations in doing grief counseling with survivors of suicide are summarized.
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Black, Dora. "Dying and disabled children: Dealing with loss and grief." Social Science & Medicine 30, no. 7 (January 1990): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(90)90208-a.
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Kurtzer-White, Ellen, and David Luterman. "Families and children with hearing loss: Grief and coping." Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 9, no. 4 (2003): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.10085.
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Kofod, Ester Holte, and Svend Brinkmann. "Grief as a normative phenomenon: The diffuse and ambivalent normativity of infant loss and parental grieving in contemporary Western culture." Culture & Psychology 23, no. 4 (February 9, 2017): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x17692294.
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Grief is often conceived in causal or reactive terms, as something that simply strikes people after a loss. But, on closer scrutiny, there are good reasons to think of grief as a normative phenomenon, which is done or enacted by people, relative to cultural norms. To substantiate the claim that grief should be thought of as normative, we draw upon empirical examples from a qualitative interview study with bereaved parents following infant loss, and analyze how grieving the loss of a small child in our culture is experienced, interpreted, and enacted within a diffuse and ambivalent, yet inescapable, moral framework. Further, we discuss some of the possible consequences for bereaved individuals when navigating the normative landscape of grieving in contemporary Western cultures: A landscape in which suffering is increasingly dealt with in psychiatric and medical terms and understood as an adverse and unnecessary condition to be overcome in order to maximize personal health, happiness, and well-being.
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Anina, Heni Nur. "GRIEF OF CHILDREN AT PRESCHOOL AGE." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN KEPERAWATAN INDONESIA 2, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v2i2.4748.
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ABSTRAK Berkabung adalah respon seseorang terhadap kehilangan. Pada anak-anak, efek dari kehilangan sama dengan pada dewasa, tapi anak-anak mengekspresiakan rasa duka mereka dengan yang cara berbeda dan hal ini sulit difahami oleh orang dewasa. Pemahaman anak-anak pada kematian tergantung pada usia dan tahap perkembangan mereka. Artikel ini membahas tentang berkabung (grief) pada anak usia prasekolah (2-5 tahun) mencakup perbedaan antara ‘normal grief’ dan ‘complicated grief’, gejala dari ‘complicated grief’, dan penatalaksanaan berkabung pada anak usia di kelompok usia ini. Pembahasan mengenai hal ini penting untuk meminimalisir efek dari berkabung. Efek berkabung pada anak di usia ini dapat berlanjut pada tahap perkembangan selanjutnya. Anak-anak yang berkabung dapat mengalami gejala emosi dan perilaku tertentu. Gejala-gejala tersebut dapat bertahan sampai remaja dan dewasa. Metode pencarian literatur secara komprehensif telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan piranti pencarian berbasis elektronik, yaitu: MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute (Ovid), Proquest (Nursing and Allied Health Source), Pubmed, find@flinders, and Google Scholar. Perbedaan antara ‘normal grief’ and ‘complicated grief’ berkaitan dengan intensitas dan durasi berkabung. Penatalaksanaan berkabung pada anak usia prasekolah dapat menggunakan tehnik storytelling, creative arts, musik, dance/movement therapy, bermain, berinteraksi dengan anak menggunakan mainan dan games, melukis, melihat foto-foto, and memorabilia. Konsep ‘kekekalan’ dari kematian sangat sulit difahami oleh anak usia prasekolah. Mereka mungkin berpikir bahwa mendiang akan kembali. Selain itu, walaupun sesama anak usia prasekolah, namun setiap anak adalah unik. Maka, keefektifan dari penatalaksaan tergantung pada pilihan intervensi yang sesuai dengan anak tersebut. Memberikan kenyamanan secara fisik, memberikan dukungan emosional, komunikasi dan meyakinkan bahwa mereka disayangi dan tidak sendiri adalah poin-poin penting dalam penatalaksanaan berkabung pada anak usia prasekolah. Kata kunci : Anak-anak, Berkabung, Usia prasekolah ABSTRACT Grief is someone’s response to loss. In children, the effect of loss is identical with adults, but they express the grief differently and this is hard to be understood by adults. Children’s understanding of death depends on their age and stage of development. This paper will discuss about grief of children at preschool age (2-5 years old) including the differences between ‘normal grief’ and ‘complicated grief’, the symptoms ‘complicated grief’, and the management. It is important to discuss grief of children at this age because the effect may progress to the next stage of development. Grieving children could suffer from certain emotional and behavioral symptoms that could persist into adolescent and adulthood. Method: a comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic searching tools and databases: MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute (Ovid), Proquest (Nursing and Allied Health Source), Pubmed, find@flinders, and Google Scholar. Discussion: The distinction between normal and complicated grief was related to the intensity and duration of the grief, and to the reactions having a negative functional impact on the child. Managing grief of preschool age children could be by storytelling, arts, music, dance/movement therapy, play, interact with the child by using toys and games, painting, old photos, and memorabilia. Conclusion: The permanency of death is a very difficult concept to grasp for children at preschool age. They may still think that the deceased will return. The effectiveness of the treatment is depending on the choice of interventions which appropriate for the child as each child is unique. Providing physical comfort, emotional support, communication and reassurance that they are cherished and not alone are the critical points in assessing grieving children at preschool age. Keywords: Children, Grief, Preschool age
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Ramos, S. Freitas, B. Jesus, M. I. Fonseca Marinho Vaz Soares, J. Martins Correia, and J. Mendes. "Disenfranchised grief and early pregnancy loss – apropos a clinical case." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S833—S834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2202.
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IntroductionPerinatal death includes losses such as ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages, stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Perinatal loss has well documented negative effects on the health of the bereaved parents. Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is the spontaneous death of a fetus within the first 20 weeks of gestation.ObjectivesTo describe a clinical case of disenfranchised grief following EPL and to review the literature.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical file of a patient presenting to the psychiatry outpatient clinic with disenfranchised grief. We conducted a non-systematic review on PubMed and Google Scholar.ResultsA 29-years-old female patient presents to the outpatient clinic with depressive symptoms and thoughts of death. The symptoms had begun 4 months earlier, following the loss of pregnancy at 14 weeks. She felt her grief was not accepted by her family and social network. Progressively, her relationships deteriorated, and she felt more and more isolated. She experienced marked difficulty in caring for her older child. Compared to other types of mourning, the loss of a child is associated with grief experience that is particularly severe and complicated. Despite the high prevalence of EPL, many women suffer in silence due to the common belief these losses are insignificant and may develop complicated grief.ConclusionsPerinatal loss of an infant has the potential to have a large impact on the mental health of the bereaved parents. Literature on the efficacy of different interventions is still scarce. Further studies are necessary on prevention strategies and interventions for parents already suffering from complicated grief or depressive disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Beck, Elizabeth, and Sandra J. Jones. "Children of the Condemned: Grieving the Loss of a Father to Death Row." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 56, no. 2 (March 2008): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.56.2.d.
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This article explores the effects of a death sentence and execution on the children of the accused. Insight into the unique bereavement of this population is provided, while contributing to the literature on death and dying. The experience of losing a father to death row and eventual execution is compared to the wider population of children with incarcerated parents and it is determined that children of death row inmates contend with a much more complicated grief process, one that has gone largely unstudied. This article contains a brief discussion of disenfranchised grief and nonfinite loss, two theories that, we argue, shape the children's grief process. The results section of the article uses qualitative data gathered from 19 children to explore the role that nonfinite loss and disenfranchised grief share in the nature of their bereavement. Our discussion focuses on the impact of stigma and violence on the grieving process. Following a discussion of the unique challenges confronting the children of death row inmates is a discussion of the implications that their experience has for practice.
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Sormanti, Mary, and Michelle S. Ballan. "Strengthening grief support for children with developmental disabilities." School Psychology International 32, no. 2 (April 2011): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034311400831.
Full textAbstract:
Although a sizable literature investigates and describes children’s grief, the majority of information focuses on typically developing children. Far less has been published about the loss and grief of children with developmental disabilities (DD), even though this population experiences significant and multiple losses, increasing their vulnerability to negative outcomes. Addressing this gap in scholarship, this article explicates common losses and important grief-related challenges experienced by children with DD. An overview of practice guidelines is provided to enhance the efforts of school-based mental health professionals in supporting this vulnerable population.
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Feigelman, William, John R. Jordan, and Bernard S. Gorman. "How They Died, Time since Loss, and Bereavement Outcomes." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 58, no. 4 (June 2009): 251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.58.4.a.
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This analysis explores associations between differing death circumstances and the course of bereavement among a sample of 540 bereaved parents. Comparisons were made between parents whose children died by suicide ( n = 462), those losing children from other traumatic death circumstances ( n = 54), and others whose children died from natural causes ( n = 24). Results were mixed, showing suicide survivors with more grief difficulties and other mental health problems on some criteria, though most findings showed no substantive differences between these subgroups. Results also showed, in the first years after loss, repeated suicide attempts and prior negative relationships with the decedent were associated with greater grief difficulties. However, as more time passed, all death circumstance differences were overshadowed by the importance of the time span since loss. This data also suggested that between 3 and 5 years usually marks the turning point, when acute grief difficulties accompanying a suicide loss begin to subside.
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Beder, Joan. "War, Death, and Bereavement: How We Can Help." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 84, no. 2 (April 2003): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.88.
Full textAbstract:
War imposes many hardships on both service people and those they leave behind. One of the greatest fears during wartime is the potential for loss of life. Death in wartime creates a bereavement situation that has been relatively ignored in bereavement literature. During this wartime period, grief counselors and pastoral counselors will surely find themselves faced with mourners suffering from losses during the war. This article explores the literature on this topic, explains why this form of grief is particularly complicated, and suggests a strategy for intervention.
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Paula Carvalho Silva, Ana, Mara Thalissa Diniz Maranhão Oliveira, Yasmin De Cássia da Silva Ferreira, and Luciana Carmo Ferreira da Silva. "CONTRIBUTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY IN CHILDHOOD GRIEF WITH THE LOSS OF A PARENT." Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade 4, no. 03 (July 10, 2023): 356–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/gei.v4i03.1437.
Full textAbstract:
Grief is a process experienced by the loss or absence of a person, object or situation, triggering suffering, in addition to behavioral, emotional and sentimental reactions. According to studies, the child has the ability to understand about death, only needing to respect their level of cognitive/emotional development. The parents represent physical, emotional and security support for the infant, thus, their departure is understood as causing extreme pain and generating feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Psychology has several strategies to deal with childhood grief. This work aimed to demonstrate the contribution of Psychology in the face of grief in childhood with the loss of one of the parents, through the understanding of child development, the understanding of grief in childhood, the importance of mourning and psychological assessment the loss of one of the parents. It was based on a bibliographic review with a qualitative-descriptive approach, in the period between 2005 and 2021. It concluded the importance of psychology for the elaboration of child mourning, given that this science has several means, such as psychoeducation about mourning and the emotions triggered by it, ludic therapy, participation in centers or support groups by the surviving parent, as well as psychotherapy to redefine this process and its consequences.
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Fineran, Kerrie R. "Helping Foster and Adopted Children to Grieve the Loss of Birthparents." Family Journal 20, no. 4 (August 9, 2012): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480712451230.
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Working with children and adolescents in the foster care system whose biological parents’ parental rights have been, or are soon to be, terminated can present numerous challenges for counselors. Children in these situations often struggle with identification of conflicting feelings, grief resulting from the absence of the parent/parents, and reorientation to life in a new family. In this article, a case from the author’s clinical experience is presented and related to the stages of grief suggested by Kübler-Ross and to Worden’s tasks of mourning. Practical applications and interventions are considered.
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Ratu, Nabila, and Yohanis Franz La Kahija. "PENGALAMAN BERDUKA PASCA PERISTIWA BUNUH DIRI IBU." Jurnal EMPATI 6, no. 4 (March 26, 2018): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2017.20067.
Full textAbstract:
In this modern era, suicide holds status as one of the biggest public health problems in the world. According to data compiled by the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2015 there were 788,000 deaths from suicide worldwide. A phrase "suicide survivor" is referred to a person who experiences grief over the death of a loved one by suicide. This study aims to understand the grief experience of a child after the loss of mother due to suicide. This study includes an intensive look at grief experience to understand how the grief experienced by children after the mother's loss due to suicide, how children gave meaning of the grief experience and what process that led to child’s recovery. This is a qualitative study processed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) technique. Data were obtained with semi-structured interview techniques. There are three main themes found: the relationships with mother, the dynamics of dealing with loss and the process towards recovery.
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Werner-Lin, Allison, and Nancee M. Biank. "Holding Parents So They Can Hold Their Children: Grief Work with Surviving Spouses to Support Parentally Bereaved Children." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 66, no. 1 (February 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.66.1.a.
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A child's adjustment to the death of a parent is greatly influenced by the surviving parent's ability to attend to his or her own grief-related needs, to create and sustain a consistent and nurturing environment, and to encourage the child to express distressing or conflicting thoughts, feelings, and fantasies about the loss. Yet, the surviving parent's grief often compromises their ability to parent consistently and empathically. This article will illustrate how, by providing a holding environment for whole families, clinicians can help parents to facilitate children's grief reactions and, thus, mitigate long-term adverse mental health outcomes. Family Matters programs, designed and implemented in a community agency, use a holistic approach to family support and treatment in a milieu setting. Combining therapeutic work with surviving spouses and bereaved children supports children's grief while facilitating newly single parents as they adapt the structure of family life. When clinical work with families begins before the ill parent dies, the clinicians may build a relationship with the dying parent, prepare the child and surviving spouse for life after loss, and support continuity in family culture. We introduce a curriculum for simultaneously supporting bereaved children and parents, present a series of common challenges faced by surviving parents, and suggest avenues for intervention research.
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Neimeyer, Robert A. "Reconstructing meaning in bereavement: summary of a research program." Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 28, no. 4 (December 2011): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-166x2011000400002.
Full textAbstract:
Bereavement, in the form of the loss of a significant attachment figure, disrupts the self-narratives of survivors and typically pitches them into an unsought quest for meaning in the loss, as well as in their changed lives. A growing body of research on diverse groups - bereaved parents, young people, elderly - suffering loss through both natural and violent death, documents the link between the inability to find meaning in the experience and the intensity of complicated grief they suffer. This article reviews the literature, arguing that the processes of sense-making and benefit-finding play a crucial role in bereavement adaptation for many of the bereaved, and accordingly, that interventions that facilitate processes of meaning reconstruction can support effective psychotherapy for those struggling with intense and prolonged grief.
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Scott, Mark Stephen Murray. "Befriending Job: Theodicy Amid the Ashes." Open Theology 6, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2020-0022.
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AbstractWhat role should theodicy play in the face of loss and acute suffering? Should it keep its distance and remain respectfully silent or should it step forward to illuminate the opaque reality of evil, especially untimely death? In my article, I explore the fraught relationship between the personal experience of loss and its theological interpretation through an analysis of three related bereavement autobiographies: C. S. Lewis’s A Grief Observed, Nicholas Wolterstorff’s Lament for a Son, and William Abraham’s Among the Ashes. Invoking Job’s “friends” as a theoretical framework, I analyze each author’s attempt to reconcile the lived experience of suffering with the theoretical task of theodicy: to explain suffering. I conclude with my own constructive proposal on the place of theodicy in the realm of human anguish.