Academic literature on the topic 'Children – Social conditions – European Union countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Children – Social conditions – European Union countries"
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Vukovic, Drenka. "Social implication of demographic changes in the European Union countries." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 121 (2006): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0621423v.
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The process of demographic changes in European countries is characterized by greater and greater ageing of the population, as a result of the decline in the rate of natural increase and the rise in life expectancy. Europeans have less and less children, they live longer and face the problems how to ensure a safe old age. Noticed trends of change will be intensified till the middle of the new millennium (2050), when the following situation is expected: the decline in the number of children (0-14 years) for almost 20% and the active-working population (15-64), while there will be more "old persons" (65-79) for more than 44%, and "the oldest" persons (80 or more) for even 180%. Ageing of the population characterizes all regions, but is specially pronounced in the countries in the south and countries in transition. Faced with the challenges of the disturbances in the demographic structure, the members of the European Union (25) developed an entire spectrum of measures and activities to prevent the negative social-economic consequences. Creation of "the policy of ageing" at the Union level develops within the co-ordination (OMC) of the process of modernization of the social security system (old-age pension insurance, health insurance, social and child protection); it also implies the creation of conditions for "the active old age" (increase in employment and staying as long as possible on the job market), the development of "the new forms of solidarity" between generations (as a consequence of the increase of the coefficient of dependency between active working and supported population), preventing poverty and social exclusion, etc. Strategic documents, directions and national action-plans determined the concrete measures needed to face the demographic challenges.
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Quaranta, Mario, and Giulia M. Dotti Sani. "The Relationship Between the Civic Engagement of Parents and Children." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 45, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 1091–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764016628677.
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Although previous research has suggested the existence of a positive association between the political activities of parents and children, little is known about other forms of civic engagement. In particular, the literature lacks an international comparative study on the intergenerational transmission of civic involvement. Using Bayesian multilevel models on data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2006 special module on social participation, this article tests hypotheses on the patterns of civic engagement of parents and children in 18 European countries with different political legacies. Our results show a positive association between the participation in associational activities of parents and children in all the considered countries, above and beyond individual and contextual characteristics. In particular, we do not find an evident East–West gap in the socialization process, suggesting that the Communist past of Eastern and Central European countries has little influence on what can be considered a basic mechanism of civic learning.
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Nazarko, Yuliya, Oleksandr Iliashko, and Natalіa Kaminska. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RIGHT TO HEALTH CARE IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 7 (2019): 1337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201907120.
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Introduction: The right to health is exercised through a complex system of state and social measures of legal, economic, social, scientific, cultural, educational, organizational, technical, sanitary and hygienic nature, aimed at preserving and improving the health of people , lengthening the life expectancy and working capacity, creating good living and working conditions, providing physical and mental development for children and young people, and preventing and managing illnesses and their treatment. The aim: Investigate the international legal and constitutional legal regulation of the right to health care in the countries of the European Union. Materials and methods: The article analyzes the Constitution of the European Union, a number of international legal acts and judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. Review: Each country defines the conditions for realizing the right to health care, according to which people should be healthy, the state itself assumes the obligations of the controller and the protection of this right. These provisions should primarily be enshrined in the Basic Laws - the constitutions. The main direction of state policy in reforming social relations is the achievement of European international legal standards in all spheres of public life. These standards fix the principles, guarantees of norms that determine the scope of human rights, in particular the right to health care. Conclusions: The main problem of ensuring and realizing the right to health in the European Union, as in many countries, is the financing of this industry, because in general, it is impossible to talk about free medical care in the European Union. There are also problems in the field of investment in health care. The urgent issues of primary health care and public health and the elderly dependence period.
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De Rose, Alessandra, and Giuseppina Guagnano. "Having Children in Europe: The Role of Social Capital." Review of European Studies 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v15n1p24.
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We explore the role of social capital in explaining reproductive behaviour and its differences among the European countries. We adopt a comprehensive concept of social capital that combines several elementary indicators and estimate its impact on the probability of having a first or a further child among reproductive-age women currently in a partnership union. We cluster countries in four groups and discuss the results in terms of different welfare state regimes. Data come from the 2014 EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey (N=15,735) which we analysed through a generalized ordered logit model. Our findings support the hypothesis that women who can count on higher level of social capital show higher chance to give birth to a baby and this holds both for each country group and for Europe as a whole. By showing the importance of operationalize a complex and multivariate definition of social capital we contributed to the debate about its relationship with individual reproductive behaviour.
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Шильцова, Ю. В. "Social Determinants and Models of Efficient Socialization of Orphaned or Abandoned Children, Orphanage Leavers, in the European Union and in the USA." Психолого-педагогический поиск, no. 2(54) (October 23, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2020.54.2.018.
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В статье рассмотрена актуальная проблема современного общества — эффективная социализация детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечительства родителей. Указаны основные детерминанты эффективной социализации сирот — выпускников интернатов и детских домов и представлен аналитический обзор моделей работы с ними в странах Европейского союза и США. Описан опыт различных стран по поиску наиболее эффективных путей помощи сиротам при подготовке их к самостоятельной жизни, в частности особенности их социализации в приемных и фостерных семьях, детских деревнях, «деревнях-SOS», «семейных домах», а также у принимающих опекунов и религиозных организаций. Ознакомление с опытом работы разных стран, анализ и обобщение разных моделей устройства детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей, призваны помочь определить современные тенденции в работе по защите прав таких детей и использовать этот опыт для совершенствования стратегий социальной политики нашей страны в вопросах социальной защиты сирот, а также интеграции ресурсов разных составляющих современного общества и объединения усилий в реализации международных программ по их эффективной социализации в современных условиях. The article focuses on a relevant issue of modern society, namely the efficient socialization of orphaned children and children left without parental care. The article discusses the major determinants of orphanage leavers’ efficient socialization. It analyzes the strategies employed to work with such children in the European Union and in the USA. The article describes the experiences of different countries in searching for effective strategies of preparing orphaned and abandoned children to independent life through socialization in foster family homes, in children’s villages, in SOS children’s villages, in foster homes, in foster homes provided by religious organizations. The analysis of experiences of different countries, the generalization of various care strategies focusing on orphaned and abandoned children enables one to improve strategies of Russian social policy aimed at providing social protection to orphaned children and abandoned children, to integrate various resources available to modern communities, and to unite efforts for the implementation of international programs aimed at effective socialization in modern conditions.
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Kobzeva, T. A., and G. Yu Mykhnovsky. "SOCIAL AND LEGAL PROTECTION OF ORPHAN CHILDREN AND CHILDREN DEPRIVED OF PARENTAL CARE." Legal horizons, no. 19 (2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i19.p36.
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This article is devoted to the study of the social and legal protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care in Ukraine and other countries of the world. The authors revealed the concept, nature, regulatory framework, types of bodies, state financial support, and directions of improving the protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care. It was emphasized that the social and legal support for the protection of the rights of orphans and children deprived of parental care in Ukraine needs to be further improved due to the issues of legislative consolidation and their practical implementation. According to our study, we conducted a statistical analysis of the number of orphans and children deprived of parental care, as well as of persons receiving retirement benefits. A number of scientific studies have been analyzed by scholars in the field of social assistance, labor law, and other jurisprudence related to retirement loss. Among the main areas of improvement, it was decided to amend the current legislation of Ukraine on the delimitation of the mediation activities regarding the adoption and professional activity of teachers and patron educators. Accordingly, recommendations were made regarding the possibility of establishing orphanages or foster homes, abandoning the system of general-type orphanages, and improving the conditions for the provision of foster care to a child. It was also proposed to create a legal framework that would regulate financial assistance for families with children and by improving the funding of regions, their programs, and strategies, and improving their financial situation. These regulatory issues have been analyzed with the addition of practical research from other scholars and jurisprudence. Ways of their solution and improvement of the current legislation have been adopted and developed on the basis of a thorough analysis of the legislation of the European Union countries. Keywords: legal regulation, social and legal protection, orphan, deprived of parental care, boarding school.
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Somogyi, Nikolett, Wim Van Lancker, Rossella Ciccia, and Sarah Van de Velde. "The Relationship between Familizing and Individualizing Policies and Mental Health in Parents in Europe." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020055.
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Previous studies suggest the relative importance of the impact of childcare policies on mental health in parents. There have also been studies showing that welfare states have differing policy packages, consisting of a mixture of familizing and individualizing policy measures. This study builds on and extends this knowledge by carrying out a European comparison of the association between mental well health and family policies. We use Lohmann and Zagel’s familizing and individualizing policy indices to describe family policies. Our main interest is differences in mental health depending on the country, household, and individual-level characteristics. Therefore, we apply a multilevel model to 26 countries included in the 2013 wave of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey (N = 141,648). The analysis found that, in general, parents of children under 13 have better mental health than other adults. We found individualizing policy measures to be positively related to mental health in parents, while familizing policies had a negative relationship. No evidence was found for the combined presence of individualizing and familizing policies making a difference to mental health in parents. These results suggest that welfare states could help parents by promoting individualizing policies to make parenthood a less stressful experience.
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Hanson, Elizabeth, Francesco Barbabella, Lennart Magnusson, Rosita Brolin, Miriam Svensson, Stecy Yghemonos, Valentina Hlebec, et al. "Research and Innovation for and with Adolescent Young Carers to Influence Policy and Practice—The European Union Funded “ME-WE” Project." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 9932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169932.
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Young carers are children and adolescents who provide care to other family members or friends, taking over responsibilities that are usually associated with adulthood. There is emerging but still scarce knowledge worldwide about the phenomenon of young carers and the impact of a caring role on their health, social and personal development spheres. This paper provides an overview of the main results from the ME-WE project, which is the first European research and innovation project dedicated to adolescent young carers (AYCs) (15–17 years). The project methods relied on three main activities: (1) a systematization of knowledge (by means of a survey to AYCs, country case studies, Delphi study, literature review); (2) the co-design, implementation and evaluation of a primary prevention intervention addressing AYCs’ mental health (by means of Blended Learning Networks and a clinical trial in six European countries); (3) the implementation of knowledge translation actions for dissemination, awareness, advocacy and lobbying (by means of national and international stakeholder networks, as well as traditional and new media). Project results substantially contributed to a better understanding of AYCs’ conditions, needs and preferences, defined tailored support intervention (resilient to COVID-19 related restrictions), and significant improvements in national and European policies for AYCs.
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Sydorenko, Anna, and Inna Polkhovska. "INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS REGULATING LABOUR OF UNDERAGE WORKERS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 46, no. 3 (November 12, 2021): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4623.
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The paper presents an analysis of the international standards governing child labour. It is determined that the right to work is every able-bodied person’s inalienable and indispensable right. Under current conditions of social development, the issues of legal regulation of labour of specific categories of workers are becoming of vital importance. It is proved that their regulation is based on differentiation which is defined by the extension of children rights. It is researched that in legislation of most countries, regulation of child labour is allocated in a separate institute whose rules, to a greater extent, correspond to international standards. It is determined that all countries should take measures to protect children’s rights and freedoms in the exercise of their right to work. It is proved that the acts of the European Union contain a specified list of children’s rights which should be the basis for developing and enhancing national labour legislation. It is determined that labour law, as well as any field of law, is distinguish by unity and differentiation. Unity is characterized by spreading labour law rules for all workers without exception, and differentiation of legal regulation of labour is characterized by the specification of the rules governing labour of specific categories of workers. It is investigated that differentiation of child labour is based on a subjective feature and is determined by the age, physiological, psychological and social factors. It is determined that differentiation of labour of this category of workers implies providing them with additional social and labour guarantees, as well as the use of restrictions and prohibitions when performing certain types of work. It was researched that the main criterion for child labour is differentiation of their age and working conditions. Their basic requirements are established by international rules and implemented in the national legislation.
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Виниченко, М., M. Vinichenko, Петер Караксони, Peter Karaksoni, С. Макушкин, and S. Makushkin. "Negotiation of Discrimination of Talents As a Factor of Reducing the Competitiveness of Modern Organizations." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 8, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d7b8d1050d0e5.97415304.
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The article deals with the problem of discrimination of talents in an organization from the position of reducing the potential of an organization in the competitive struggle in the market of goods and services and the labor market. In the conditions of economic instability, the leadership of various states and organizations is looking for additional opportunities to increase competitiveness. The most important of these is human potential. However, its implementation, especially among talented employees, is hampered for a number of objective and subjective reasons. Identifying the causes and identifying ways to overcome discrimination of talent is a pressing issue for both Russia and the entire world community, which was the goal of this work. Discrimination of talents is investigated for various reasons: by gender, age, national and racial characteristics, religious motives, belonging to a political party or to a social movement and other reasons. The article presents a comparative analysis of discrimination of talents of the population of the Moscow region of Russia and a number of countries of the European Union, the South Asian region, the United States based on data obtained using such methods as a questionnaire using Google Form online service, a secondary analysis of data from sociological research, focus groups, interviewing, etc. In the course of the study, it was possible to establish that there is discrimination in organizations in the Moscow region on various grounds. So says 40% of respondents. The management of organizations is doing some work, but due to insufficient training, it has not managed to achieve the elimination of talent discrimination in organizations. 76% of the respondents consider gender discrimination of talents as a fact, while women with children are worse off. Age discrimination is most acute among employees of retirement age. Their potential in the future is really considered only in 6% of cases, while young people — in 52%. Discrimination on ethnic, racial or religious grounds reaches 34%. For belonging to political parties and (or) social movement, they are constantly subjected to persecution in no more than 4% of cases. In general, the statistics obtained is correlated with foreign experience and shows that discrimination of talents is limited. However, it should be remembered that the number of talented employees is usually not large, and each of them can significantly improve the efficiency of the organization. The article suggests ways to overcome discrimination of talents. The research results can be applied in the public sector and business structures in Russia and abroad.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Children – Social conditions – European Union countries"
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Li, Xin. "European identity, a case study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555548.
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Kuok, Lai Ieng. "Do the employment policies of the Lisbon Strategy promote EU economic growth?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555547.
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POPOVA, Daria. "Distributional impacts of public policies for children and families : a microsimulation analysis for Russia and Europe." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/29521.
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Defence date: 16 September 2013Examining Board: Professor Martin Kohli, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Fabrizio Bernardi, EUI; Professor Theodore Gerber, University of Wisconsin; Professor Holly Sutherland, University of Essex.
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This thesis analyzes the distributional impacts of public policies for families and children in Russia and Europe, by using expost and exante impact evaluation techniques. Moreover, this thesis offers a new tool for a comprehensive impact evaluation of the performance of the Russian taxbenefit system - the static microsimulation model RUSMOD. The model allows testing of the firstorder distributional impacts of both existing and hypothetical policy designs, while keeping other national parameters - original income distribution and sociodemographic structure - constant. Furthermore, being fully compatible with EUROMOD - the taxbenefit model for the European Union - the Russian model is suitable for crosscountry policy learning. The study assesses the performance of child targeted allowances in Russia and shows that it is possible to achieve better distributional results, even at the same level of spending, by means of better targeting and unification of programme design across the regions. In addition, the study estimates the potential gains if the Russian programme of child allowances were to be redesigned along the policy parameters of the relevant programmes in four European countries - Sweden, Germany, Belgium and the United Kingdom - countries representing different family policy regimes. This analysis suggests that there is a significant scope for expanding the budget for child allowances in Russia. In terms of design, the best distributive outcomes are achieved by applying a mix of universal and meanstested child benefits. On a theoretical level, this thesis contributes to the international debate on the directions of welfare state reform in conditions of contemporary demographic and economic challenges. On a practical level, it contributes to the promotion of the evidence based approach to social intervention. The scope of applications of the Russian model can be easily extended to the analysis of other taxbenefit policies and other EU countries. The output of the model can be incorporated into the dynamic model framework, to study the effect of policy reforms on labour supply and demographic behaviour.
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KARAGIANNIS, Nathalie. "Giving development: responsibility and efficiency in the European development discourse towards the ACP countries (1970s-1990s)." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5319.
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Defence date: 10 June 2002Examining board: Prof. Peter Wagner, Supervisor (EUI) ; Prof. Pascale Laborier, Université de Picardie, Amiens ; Prof. Philip McMichael, Cornell University, Ithaca ; Prof. William Outhwaite, University of Sussex
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Post-colonial European politics have undergone profound changes. Constructing an intellectual history of European development discourse, this book brings together post-structuralist and critical approaches to understanding development. Nathalie Karagiannis analyses three key terms of European development discourse: ‘responsibility’, ‘efficiency’ and ‘giving’. Situating these terms in a concrete history of European post-colonial politics, the author shows how European policy has shifted from accepting responsibility for colonialism – constructed as it is on the paternalistic model of the gift – to a more amnesiac politics in which post-colonial countries are responsible for their own fate. In this way, Karagiannis illustrates that efficiency has become the overriding goal of development, and that the relationship between ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ countries is mainly defined by considerations pertaining to market capitalism.
Books on the topic "Children – Social conditions – European Union countries"
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The European Union: Economy, society and polity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
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Mark, Baimbridge, and Mullen Andrew, eds. The political economy of the European social model. New York: Routledge, 2012.
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Statistical Office of the European Communities. and European Commission, eds. Statistical portrait of the European Union 2008: European year of intercultural dialogue. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007.
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-L, Urban Sabine M., and Abele Hanns, eds. Europe's challenges: Economic efficiency and social solidarity. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 1996.
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David, Baker. Britain and the crisis of the European Union. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
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Elisabeth, Prügl, and Thiel Markus 1973-, eds. Diversity in the European Union. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
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1945-, Meeusen Wim, and Villaverde José 1950-, eds. Convergence issues in the European Union. Northampton, Ma: Edward Elgar Pub., 2002.
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Sicherl, Pavle. Cohesion in the EU and accession of Slovenia: Comparisons with selected smaller EU countries. Vienna: Institut für Höhere Studien/Institute for Advanced Studies, 1997.
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Ou meng she hui zheng ce yu Ou Zhou yi ti hua: European social policy and European integration. Beijing: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Children – Social conditions – European Union countries"
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Guio, Anne-Catherine. "Child Deprivation and Well-being in Luxembourg." In Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit im Jugendalter, 173–90. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35744-3_9.
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AbstractChild poverty features on the agenda of the European Union (EU) since many years. In 2013, a Recommendation on “Investing in children: breaking the cycle of disadvantage” argued that “preventing the transmission of disadvantage across generations is a crucial investment in Europe’s future” (European Commission, 2013). Most recently, the Recommendation on the European Child Guarantee proposed by the European Commission in March 2021 confirmed the importance of the fight against child poverty at the EU level.In terms of the monitoring of child poverty, the EU made a step forward in March 2018 by adopting a child-specific deprivation indicator. This allowed to go beyond the simple age group breakdowns of social indicators to monitor children’s living conditions and to capture the actual living conditions of children, which may differ from that of their parents.This chapter analyses the determinants of child deprivation in Luxembourg, using this new child deprivation indicator adopted at European Union level in March 2018 and highlights differences with neighbouring countries and key political challenges.
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Fontana, Olimpia. "Tra solidarietà europea e responsabilità nazionali: la tutela dei beni pubblici europei." In Studi e saggi, 143–62. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-591-2.09.
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The theme of solidarity between European Union (EU) member states lies at the heart of the European integration process itself, in the context of an ongoing tension between the renunciation of national sovereignty, driven by a drive for cooperation, and the maintenance of prerogatives of strategic interest to states. In fact, the EU was born from the decision of its members to pool selected aspects of their sovereignty, in a process whose evolution is expressed both in the choice of community policies and in the availability and methods of financing those policies. These are two sides of the same coin, that of the Community budget, which is the operational instrument that supports and accompanies the major steps in the EU's evolutionary process. Indeed, since the 1980s, the Community budget has represented the instrument capable of holding together on the one hand the process of economic liberalisation and on the other the objective of social integration between countries that had different starting conditions. However, cooperation and solidarity are aspects that need to be strengthened today, albeit in new dimensions. The financial crisis has brought about a new acceleration in the coordination of national fiscal policies, without, however, generating the missing piece to European economic policy, namely an autonomous fiscal capacity, endowed with taxation power, on which a full fiscal union would be based.
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Crul, Maurice. "Epilogue: Where Did Weak and Strong Ties Go Wrong?" In IMISCOE Research Series, 227–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3_11.
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AbstractIn this volume, both qualitative and quantitative scholars describe their findings on the networks of migrants and their descendants and explore the content of their social ties for educational and labor market success in seven European countries. Some contributions cover decades of work in this field, making this one of most comprehensive books on this topic, both theoretically and empirically. Almost without exception, the authors, although describing various ethnic groups, different geographical and professional contexts and different time periods, are critical of a number of the main arguments about the networks of migrants developed in the field of migration studies. Central in their critique is the question about the importance of co-ethnic or inter-ethnic ties and networks, and their importance to enter the labor market and move up. In the field of migration studies, concepts like integration and assimilation have greatly influenced the thinking of its scholars. The idea that newcomers only become fully integrated in a society when they gain a similar economic position and are in contact with people without migration background, or, in other words, become part of the mainstream, has been a strong and dominant view in our field (Alba & Nee, 2003; Alba, 2009; Portes & Rumbaut, 2001; Portes & Zhou, 1993). People who largely interact with co-ethnics and or work in labor market sectors that are dominated by co-ethnics (ethnic niches) are usually seen as not (yet) fully integrated into their new society. And when this also translates to the native-born children (so-called ‘second generation decline’), this is seen as problematic (Ganz, 1992). In this broader framework on integration and assimilation, Granovetter’s (1973) idea of strong and weak ties has entered the field of migration studies. Lang and Schneider, in this volume, rightly state that it is questionable whether the idea of strong ties – for co-ethnics – and weak ties – for ties with people without migration background – was originally intended by Granovetter to be used in this way. But what is clear, however, is that this idea fitted perfectly with broader theories on integration and assimilation. The importance for newly arrived migrants of strong co-ethnic ties in ethnic networks is generally considered one of the starting pieces of the puzzle laying out the process of assimilation in its first phase. The idea of weak ties, also in its symbolic emphasis on ‘weak’, perfectly suited the still scarce and superficial contacts with people of native descent in the early stages of the assimilation process. Since the concept of weak and strong ties fitted so well with the dominant theories about integration and assimilation (classical, neo and new assimilation), much of what was happening with migrants, and even their descendants, in the labor market was seen through, what many would call, an ethnic lens (Crul, 2016; Dahinden, 2016; Wimmer, 2013). Migrants gained a first foothold in the labor market through strong co-ethnic ties and were slowly moving up through their weak ties, making use of information and resources of people of native descent with whom they had only superficial contact. The idea of strong ties also resonated with the notion that their relations with co-ethnics were more meaningful and profound. There was also a dark side to strong ties. Under some conditions, because of the limited information and resources in the co-ethnic network, for some the strong ties could lead to an ethnic mobility trap.
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Melovic, Boban, Slavica Mitrovic Veljkovic, Dragana Cirovic, and Ivana Djakovic Radojicic. "Managerial Decision-Making Process in the Modern Business Conditions in the EU." In Handbook of Research on Social and Economic Development in the European Union, 324–48. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1188-6.ch020.
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This chapter analyzes the differences of decision-making process in the EU member countries, caused by differences in main dimensions of national culture of each of them. The influence of different cultural dimensions on decision-making process is explained. Thanks to the application of qualitative research method and deductive approach, there are conclusions about specificities of decision-making process, in particular EU countries. Using the inductive approach, content analysis method and method of synthesis, the EU countries were grouped regarding to the decision-making styles that are the most appropriate in each of them, based on the characteristics of the cultural framework that exist within them. Obtained results may help managers to better understand their decision-maker role in different cultural environment and it would enable them to apply the appropriate decision-making style, which would increase the quality of business decisions that are being made.
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Wódz, Kazimiera, and Krystyna Faliszek. "State regulation of the social work profession: an example from Poland." In Social and Caring Professions in European Welfare States. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447327196.003.0007.
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This chapter examines how regulation from the state can shape conditions and practices for welfare professions. New members of the European Union, such as Poland, often lack a tradition of social work as an integral part of the welfare state. Challenges for these countries are both to educate social workers and to create legislative solutions stipulating the responsibilities and professional jurisdiction of the social work profession. In the chapter, it is argued that strong regulation and control from the Polish government has resulted in the standardisation of social work. This has curtailed professional autonomy in a manner that is unfavourable to social workers as well as to clients.
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Bradshaw, Jonathan, and Oleksandr Movshuk. "Measures of extreme poverty applied in the European Union." In Absolute Poverty in Europe, 39–72. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341284.003.0003.
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This chapter operationalises and tests out a number of possible measures of extreme poverty applied to the European Union countries, using the analysis of household survey data from EU- Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC). It starts by reviewing developments in the conventional measurement of poverty in the EU. Then the concepts of absolute and extreme poverty are discussed. The bulk of the chapter presents the results of an analysis of the poverty rates, poverty gaps and poverty composition of five conceivable measures of extreme poverty. These are: The World Bank $ per day concept; poverty thresholds based on national minimum income schemes – social assistance; a threshold set on the basis of a minimal reference budget standard; a severe deprivation standard; and an overlaps measure based on severe deprivation and low income. The latter is the preferred option.
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Serafin-Juszczak, Blanka. "Kim jest polski NEET?" In Więzi społeczne, sieci społeczne w perspektywie procesów inkluzji i wykluczenia społecznego. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/7969-483-9.13.
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The phenomenon of NEET (not in employment, education or training), which was developed in the European Union, has not been comprehensively investigated in Poland. This problem concerns the situation of young people outside the employment sphere and the sphere of education, which makes them particularly vulnerable to social exclusion. Different rates of young people in the labour market, particularly the unemployment rate, according to the European Union proved to be insufficient. In most countries the scale of NEET is not marginal and there are always variations within a given country. But there are also some additional difficulties in NEET analysis such as different legal conditions between Polish and other EU countries concerning the compulsory education or other forms of obligatory learning and heterogeneity of the age categories. This article concerns the initial characteristics of the NEET category in Poland in comparison to the European Union.
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Ghodsee, Kristen, and Mitchell A. Orenstein. "The Out-Migration Crisis." In Taking Stock of Shock, 93–104. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197549230.003.0009.
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Chapter 8 discusses the significant negative social and economic impacts of the mass out-migration that many postsocialist countries have experienced since the lifting of the “Iron Curtain,” balanced with the positive impacts of remittances and circulation of talent and capital. It also explores the negative side of out-migration, suggesting that the mass exodus of young people has had significant deleterious impacts on a number of sending countries and that many migrants faced hostile, exploitative, and sometimes dangerous conditions in the West. The chapter points to the collapse of rural villages and brain drain as having catastrophic prospects for the postsocialist world. This chapter highlights the role of European Union accession in 2004 as a possible contributor to Central and East European countries experiencing the sharpest population declines in the world and the largest peacetime migration in modern history measured as a percentage of sending country population.
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Backlund, Anders, Alejandro Ecker, and Thomas M. Meyer. "The Economic and Political Context of Coalition Politics in Central Eastern Europe." In Coalition Governance in Central Eastern Europe, 60–85. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844372.003.0002.
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This chapter introduces the economic and political context in Central Eastern Europe (CEE) at the wake of the democratic transition. It compares these circumstances to those in Western Europe and then goes on to trace the political and economic development of CEE since the onset of democratic rule. This economic and political context provides important background information to get a better understanding of coalition politics in the ten CEE countries studied in this volume. The chapter shows that the countries in CEE had quite different starting conditions. They differed substantially on factors such as level of industrialization, unemployment, and economic growth and they opted for different strategies in the transition from central planned to a free market economy. While most of the countries had reached comparatively high levels of market orientation within a few years of democratization, considerable differences remained when the countries joined the European Union. The ten countries also differ with regard to their democratic traditions, and opted for different institutional designs on matters such as the electoral system, the role of the head of state, and the organization of the legislature. High uncertainty associated with initial design choices has resulted in frequent institutional reforms. The communist legacy not only affected the development of party systems, it also affected the political culture in the polities. In conclusion, the countries studied in this book show both initial and persisting variation in terms of economic performance, their institutional framework, the social conditions, and attitudes towards politics among the electorate.
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Sadowski-Smith, Claudia. "The Desire for Adoptive Invisibility." In New Immigrant Whiteness. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479847730.003.0004.
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This chapter explores three of the most influential parental memoirs of adoption from the former Soviet Union—Margaret L. Schwartz’s The Pumpkin Patch (2005), Theresa Reid’s Two Little Girls (2007), and Brooks Hansen’s The Brotherhood of Joseph (2008)—to complement scholarship on transnational adoption that has focused on questions of race for adoptions from China and Korea, while emphasizing adoption failures for Eastern European adoptees. In these memoirs, parents explicitly eschew the traditional humanitarian narrative of adoption and portray themselves as neoliberal consumers who have the right to select healthy white children from the international adoption market in order to forge families whose members look as though they could be biologically related. While the authors’ belief that they share a preexisting racial identity with post-Soviet children grants them immense privileges, it also subjects adoptees to unrealistic expectations of their complete assimilation that ignore the conditions for the children’s relinquishment and displacement from their birth countries, languages, and cultures. The belief that US adoptive parents share a racial identity with children in the former East Bloc not only turns them into preferred commodities but also renders them particularly vulnerable to rejections or adoption disruptions, which may help explain the significant numbers of abuse and death cases of post-Soviet adoptees at the hands of their US parents.
Conference papers on the topic "Children – Social conditions – European Union countries"
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Munteanu, Paula, and Laurenţiu Ciornei. "Social Inequality and Solutions to Sustainable Development in the European Union." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/43.
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Although the process of accession to the European Union supposed the fulfillment of certain conditions, called the “Coopenhagen Criteria”, although there were economic, social and cultural differences, the fact that accession was based on democratic impulses determined development to evolve differently. Differences between countries have intensified over time, being determined by the fact that not all EU countries are in the Eurozone or in the Schengen area. Romania has not been able to raise the living standards of its citizens since its accession to the European Union. Although the number of employed people has increased, one-fifth of them remain poor. This shows that the measures taken so far have not been effective or sustainable. In order to understand the effects on sustainable development that Romania could fully feel in this difficult period that the world is going through as a result of the pandemic generated by Covid-19, in this analysis we considered the global assessment of social disparities in conjunction with the particularities of the "multi-speed" European Union. Results show that Romania is struggling with a social situation inferior to the Member States, and, without concrete measures to recover and counteract, social inequality will continue to deepen.
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Başeğmez, Nergiz, and Kerem Toker. "A Crossroad For Turkey: European Union Or Eurasian Economic Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01668.
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With a long and complicated history with Turkey's EU relations began in 1963 with Ankara Agreement. Turkey has been engaged the full membership since 2005 but nevertheless it could not have achieved results during the negotiations. Behind the slow pace of Turkey's membership, many political and cultural barriers can be shown. The events showed that reveals Turkey cannot be an EU member as soon as possible. This case may cause the Turkey have different pursuits in the political world arena. Turkey moved away from the EU, it can be motivated to participate in different political and economic union at the same time. Because, the world is constantly changing in terms of economic and political conditions and Turkey is hard to question the position in these new conditions. Founded in 2015 Eurasian Union has similar cultural and historical heritage alongside the geographical closely EAEU with Turkey. This common history may create opportunities for both sides. In this study, economic, social and political relations between Turkey and the EAEU countries are briefly discussed. Datas about this issue were gathered by Eurostat, europa.eu, wto.org and eurasiancommission.org etc. official data sources. The findings were compared with similar indicators between Turkey and the EU. So the EAEU is evaluated likely to be an alternative political and economic union to Turkey. Such a vision changes in Turkey will revise its economic and political stability of the region. This paper may contribute to further studies by providing a solid base.
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Boharu (Mircea), Raluca Mihaela, and Andreea Cristina Savu. "The Need for European Norms and Measures to Prevent Social Dumping." In 3rd International Conference Global Ethics -Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). Lumen Publishing House, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2022/14.
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Combating the phenomenon of social dumping is a permanent concern of the European Union in the context of the creation of the internal market. Has the risk of social dumping become a permanent problem within the European Union meant that the European legislator has provided answers to the question: has European legislation taken sufficient, effective, and concrete measures to enable the European legal mechanism to combat this phenomenon? The article aims to analyze how the European space integrates into the global economic environment. The secondary purpose is also to identify how it can protect itself from the risk of social competition posed by trade with the rest of the world. Social dumping is the result of differences in the levels of development of the Member States of the European Union. In addition, the social variable would not have been as important if the working conditions in those countries had been the same. Given that the notion of social dumping has received many interpretations over time, currently, the notion does not have a clear definition, namely that of economic dumping, we can say that based on exploring the literature the term social dumping is viewed through a paradox. To explain this paradox, we can start from the finding that a state even if it has a lower level of social protection does not necessarily mean that it can develop the risk of social dumping.
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Kot-Niewiadomska, Alicja, Krzysztof Galos, and Katarzyna Guzik. "SAFEGUARDING OF MINERAL DEPOSITS AS THE BASIS OF EUROPEAN UNION RAW MATERIALS SECURITY IN THE ERA OF UNSTABLE GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s03.046.
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The economic results of many dynamically developing European countries largely depend on the availability of mineral raw materials. For this reason, securing their supplies from import must be supported by a committed foreign policy as well as a sustainable raw materials policy in the field of their obtaining from domestic sources, both from mineral deposits, as well as secondary and waste sources. Raw material security must be based on the diversification of supply sources and minimizing supply risks. The results of analyses show that the European Union relies heavily on imported raw materials, especially in industries recognized as strategic (renewable Energy - wind & PV; grids, Li-ion batteries (LIB), electric vehicles (EVs), Robotics and defense). Moreover, most of the import sources are countries with high or very high risk of supply. Recently, these risks are higher due to unstable political situation in Eastern Europe. Taking into account above, the European Union should consider the possibility of further development of its own mining industry, based on its own resources. The raw material potential of European countries is significant, but recently problems related to the possibility of launching new mining projects have been increasing. Social, environmental and spatial conditions play a decisive role. In this context, particular attention should be paid to the properly implemented policy of mineral deposits safeguarding which provides access to primary sources of raw materials (deposits), thus reducing dependence from unstable import sources.
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Kvedarienė, Audronė, Laima Švedienė, and Giedrė Švedaitė. "Creation and Implementation of High Technologies in Lithuania under Conditions of Globalization." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.068.
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The development, dissemination and implementation of high technologies in Lithuanian market is a complex process within national innovation system. The comprehension of trends in the global market requires investigation of implications of regionalization, globalization and internationalization phenomena. EU policies significantly support R&D though the efficiency of innovation commercialization is not far reaching comparing with the leading countries in high technologies development, dissemination and implementation. To overcome this European paradox and social, environmental challenges, EU Commission ascertained Innovation Union 2020 Strategy. The objective of this article is to explore the EU regionalization impact on Lithuanian high technology development, dissemination and implementation performance, therefore the value chain theories relevant for the global markets aspect are reflected.
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Beder, Burak, and Sunay Çıralı. "The Relationship of Renewable Energy with Foreign Trade Balance and The Economic Growth: An Analysis in the Context of Turkey and The European Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02680.
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Historically, most of the energy need is provided by carbon-intensive primary energy sources. Especially, since the 1970s, this circumstance has exposed two major issues. Firstly, primary energy sources are one of the most significant contributors to climate change since they significantly increase greenhouse gas emissions. Secondly, the fact that primary energy sources are non-renewable, and their limited reserves have recently caused unexpected price movements in energy prices. This situation creates conditions that cause crises, jeopardizes the security of energy supply, and threatens production and social living. In this context, the increased awareness of climate change and the energy shocks experienced put renewable energy sources instead of primary energy sources on the agenda.
Renewable energy sources are particularly substantial for Turkey and the European Union (EU). Because Turkey and the EU meet most of their energy needs through imports. By being directly affected by rapid fluctuations in the pricing of energy resources, this circumstance can cause countries to experience issues such as foreign trade imbalance, energy supply security, inflation, and economic slowdown. In this scenario, it is crucial for Turkey and the EU to adopt renewable energy sources to continue economic growth. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the installed renewable energy power capacity of electricity generation with foreign trade balance and the economic growth of Turkey and EU countries from 2000 to 2020. In this context, it is intended to conduct a Panel Granger Causality test using data gathered from the IRENA and World Bank databases.
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Glaser-Opitzová, Helena, and Mária Vojtková. "THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON THE AT-RISK-OF-POVERTY RATE OF SLOVAK HOUSEHOLDS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2020.107.
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Since the goal of any advanced society is to reduce poverty and improve the social status of the population, it is important to know the causes of its emergence. In connection with Slovakia's membership in the European Union, we have taken over European legislation in this area. The Europe 2020 strategy is currently in force in the countries of the European Union, while one of its five main objectives is "Fight against poverty and social exclusion". Poverty research is undoubtedly a topical, multidimensional problem. One of the issues it focuses on is the so-called income poverty. The poverty line is considered to be 60% of the median national equivalent disposable household income. In order for assistance to those at risk to be truly targeted at those who need it most, it is necessary to map the situation in detail and identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the incidence of poverty. In our paper, the subject of analysis will be the quantification of the influence of selected factors from The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database on the at-risk-of-poverty rate in Slovak households. The at-risk-of-poverty rate represents the proportion of people (in percent) in the whole population, whose equivalent disposable income is below the at-risk-of-poverty line. We will verify the impact of selected factors on the at-risk-of-poverty rate using a logistic regression model in the SAS Enterprise Guide statistical tool.
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Martinčević, Ivana, Predrag Brlek, and Nives Domjan. "ROLE OF MaaS IN TOURISM." In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2021: ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence & ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.34.
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Purpose – The occurrence of bottlenecks, congestion, increased fuel consumption and environmental pollution are the basic problems of large urban areas, especially when it comes to tourist areas where with the local population roads are used by visitors who, during or after a stay are looking for some way of transportation. Regardless of the final destinations, the tourist activity strives to meet the needs and requirements of visitors to the maximum, so their offer must be attractive, fast and accessible at all times, as well as adaptable to changes in travel habits. With regard to the specific criteria of the local economic, social and environmental policy mobility services should be adapted to different target groups, including a unique travel option that would facilitate the stay of tourists. The aim of this paper is to: (1) explore MaaS concept (2) explore the importance and benefits of MaaS concept (3) and to explore the importance and benefits of MaaS concept in area of tourism. Methodology – In order to investigate and achieve the set goals, world and Croatian literature was used and analyzed by searching the databases such as Wos, Scopus, Google Scholar, using the search phrase ("mobility as a service” OR sustainable development) AND (“transport” OR “tourism”). For this purpose, a survey was conducted to explore the importance of MaaS in the field of tourism on the basis of which the advantages and benefits of the mentioned concept as one of the main conditions for sustainable development were analyzed. Findings – As no research has been conducted in the territory of the Republic of Croatia that investigates the application of the MaaS concept in the field of tourism and its importance and contribution to strengthening tourism, this research contributes to strengthening the awareness of individuals about this concept and its application. The intention and goal of this research was to make aware general public of the importance of the Maas concept. Although MaaS concept is a relatively new concept it takes on increasing importance; therefore, it needs to be strongly and systematically developed further. By analyzing the relevant scientific sources and based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that a strategic approach to the MaaS concept can provide a numerous of advantages and benefits. Recommendations for further research is to include data from other countries of the European Union (EU) or from neighboring countries in order to be able to compare data by specific areas. Contribution – By introducing the concept of MaaS in the segment of tourism, it opens the possibility for visitors to access a wide selection of public and private carriers through a digital platform. The trip for each user is planned separately according to the previously collected data on the demand and supply of transport services, combining them with information on the preferences of the participants themselves. Simply put, the traveler can plan, book and pay for any trip, anywhere and at any time. Simultaneous planning of tourism and transport is not an easy task because in most cases these plans diverge, but the cooperation of stakeholders of both branches is necessary for more attractive and environmentally friendly measures of sustainable mobility that ultimately affect the development of tourism. The obtained results can be used to expand the current scientific knowledge about the MaaS concept and its impact in file of tourism.