Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Children’s needs'

Children belong to one of the most vulnerable population groups to crime. Child victims of crime have to overcome the difficulties emerging from their victimization as well as those resulting from their participation in the adversarial criminal justice process. Child victims are typically treated by legal systems as either mere witnesses -- prosecutorial instruments -- or as objects of protection. Children's human rights and their needs beyond immediate protection are typically ignored. ¶ This thesis combines an examination of children's human rights (articulated largely in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child) with a review of psycho-social literature on children's needs. It integrates the two disciplines thus creating a `needs-rights' model regarding child victims. This model is then used to evaluate the criminal justice process and its successes (and failures) in meeting the needs and rights of child victims. Such an integrated needs-rights evaluation identifies not only the difficulties associated with testifying in court and being interviewed multiple times. It goes beyond these topical issues, and uncovers other shortcomings of the current legal system such as the lack of true participation of child victims in the decision-making process, the neglect of rehabilitative and developmental interests of victimized children, and the inherent inability of the adversarial process to seek proactively the best interests of child victims. ¶ The thesis further explores an alternative to the criminal justice process -- that of restorative justice -- and examines its applicability to child victims. Unlike the criminal justice paradigm, restorative justice fosters the equal participation of the stakeholders (in particular victims, offenders and their communities), and focuses on their emotional and social rehabilitation while respecting their human rights. To explore the suitability of restorative justice for child victims, five restorative justice schemes from New Zealand, Australia and Canada and their evaluation studies are reviewed. Each of these schemes has included child victims, and most of them have dealt with either sexual assaults of children or family violence and abuse. Yet each of the evaluated schemes illuminates different concerns and proposes varying strategies for meeting the needs-rights of child victims. ¶ While these schemes demonstrate the significant potential of restorative justice to better address the full scope of the needs and rights of child victims, they uncover emerging concerns as well. Therefore, in the last part of the thesis, the needs-rights model is used once again to derive subsidiary principles for action, to maximize the benefits of restorative justice for child victims and minimize the related risks. A complex set of needs and rights is managed by a method of grouping them into needs-rights clusters and deriving from them simple heuristics for practitioners to follow. This clustering method of needs-rights-heuristics is a methodological contribution of the research to the psychology of law.

In the nineteenth century, specialization and segregation of land uses necessitated to identify formal spaces for child&rsquo
s play activity in the cities. In the late nineteenth century, &lsquo
&lsquo
traditional playgrounds&rsquo
&rsquo
were provided for children. However, formally designed, spatially segregated play space brought its own problems itself. Rapid changes in the urban pattern and dominance of cars in the urban environment restricted the safe accessibility of children to such play spaces by themselves. Also, &lsquo
&lsquo
traditional playground&rsquo
&rsquo
has been criticized because of its inefficiency to answer the needs of children and to contribute to the continuity of play activity. Due to the inefficiency of &lsquo
&lsquo
traditional playgrounds&rsquo
&rsquo
for the continuity of &lsquo
&lsquo
play&rsquo
&rsquo
, children prefer to establish their own informal play spaces, as it was before the introduction of formal ones. However, parental concerns regarding child&rsquo
s safety in the urban environment restrict the use of outdoor play spaces, especially the residential street which is the oldest traditional informal play space. For these reasons, children&rsquo
s play habits changed and children today are becoming more dependent to indoors. If child&rsquo
s developmental needs are considered, the contribution of outdoor environment to the development of children should be reevaluated by making comparison between formal and informal play spaces. Regarding children&rsquo
s needs and the contribution of outdoor environment to their development, some approaches have been developing and changing to design better play spaces. Thus, this thesis tries to clarify that what kind of approach would be efficient in order to provide permanent answers for the needs and rights of children and for the continuity of &lsquo
&lsquo
play&rsquo
&rsquo
in today&rsquo
s urban pattern.

Syftet med vår undersökning var att ta reda på hur ett antal förskollärare såg på uttrycket barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Vi ville också veta hur verksamheten i förskolan möter barns rätt till lärande. För att kunna fokusera på att beskriva vad förskollärarna tänkte kring vårt syfte och de frågor vi ställde i arbetet använde vi oss av en kvalitativ metod. Vi beskrev det respondenterna sa att de upplevde i förskolans verksamhet. Av resultatet framgick att barn delades upp i två kategorier som var barn i behov av stöd och barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Vi såg också att en grupp respondenter såg barn i behov av särskilt stöd och barn i behov av stöd som ett gemensamt begrepp. Många av respondenterna upplevde att de behövde mer kunskap för att kunna tillgodose de behov som barnen i behov av stöd och särskilt stöd hade. Samtidigt såg vi att erfarenhet var en stor del i arbetet med barn i behov av stöd eller särskilt stöd. Relationer och lek var två viktiga delar i verksamheten, oavsett vilket behov barnen hade. I slutsatsen kom vi fram till vilken betydelse en diagnos kunde ha och hur viktigt det ibland blev att kategorisera barn i förskolan. Vi såg att alla barn skulle få den hjälp de behövde utifrån sina enskilda behov. Risken med en diagnos kunde vara att barn som hade ett behov av stöd som inte var så omfattande blev missat om det inte fick en diagnos, det hamnade i en gråzon där det blev svårt att upptäcka dess problem.

Av olika anledningar klarar inte alla föräldrar av att tillgodose sina barns behov vilket kan påverka barnen och deras utveckling negativt. För att få barnets perspektiv på hur det är att växa upp under sådana förhållanden genomför vi denna studie med syftet att få ökad kunskap och förståelse för hur det kan vara för ett barn att växa upp i en familj där föräldrar av olika anledningar brister i sin omsorgsförmåga. Det är en litteraturstudie baserad på självbiografier där numera vuxna personer retrospektivt beskriver hur de upplevt sin barndom. Vi har använt oss av narrativ metod eftersom det ger oss möjlighet att få en fördjupad förståelse av berättarens upplevelser. Våra resultat visar att det sker en förändring av roller i familjen och att barnen får axla mycket stort ansvar hemma. De tar hand om hushållet, syskon och även sina föräldrar. De upplever rädsla på grund av det oförutsägbara agerandet från sin förälder och utanförskap, speciellt i skolmiljö. Det sociala nätverkat kan vara avgörande för att stödja dem i deras liv och ge dem en positiv utveckling, tyvärr har samhället inte full ut kunnat ge dem det stöd de behöver.
For different reasons not all parents are capable of giving their children what they need and that may have a negative effect on children´s development. In order to get the children´s perspective we carry out this study. The aim of this study was to get more knowledge and understanding of children´s experiences of growing up in a family where the parenthood is lacking, based on autobiographies where now grownups describes their experiences of childhood in a retrospective. We use a narrative method because it allows us to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences. Our result shows that there i a change in roles in the family and that these children take on a big responsibility for their family and home. They take care of basic housework, their siblings and their parents. They experience fear because of the unpredictable behavior from their parents and alienation, especially in the school environment. The social network is crucial to support them and give their life and development a positive direction, but sorry to say the society haven´t been able to give them enough help.

Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Education White Paper 6, implemented in 2001, completed a significant period of policy development and change after the end of Apartheid in South Africa. The change in South African educational policy and the schooling system has given rise to many changes in the governance of special schools; this has further influenced this study. Education White Paper 6 (2001) introduced a comprehensive range of educational support services; schools now include mainstream schools, full-service schools and special schools. These schools offer varying levels of support with the view to minimise barriers to learning. While this research was conducted in a private special school, the parents who participated had all transitioned their child from a mainstream school. This research study attempted to understand parents’ perspectives of transitioning their child from a mainstream school to a special school, focusing in particular on parents whose children were in the Senior Phase of their school career. Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological model was used as the theoretical framework for this study because of the overlapping systems that are interconnected and influence the participants’ lives and the lives of their children. For the research study, the parents were placed in the centre of the model; the other microsystems include the school, family and the child. This study made use of a qualitative case study design and a qualitative methodology which is rooted within an interpretive paradigm. Purposeful sampling was used to select the parents from the selected special school in the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town, as participants for the study. The study made use of three measures to collect data; a semi-structured interview, a life-line activity, as well as an open-ended questionnaire the parents were asked to complete at home. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data generated by means of the three data collection methods. The findings of this research paper suggest that the transient process at a later stage in the child’s academic career was a difficult experience for the parents who participated in the study. However, as the children gradually adjusted to the change, the parents felt the move had been worth it and had experienced a positive change in their children’s academic achievements. It should also be noted that the parents’ perspectives on special education were not based on the policy documents governing the South African school system and more parental education is needed regarding this area. While the findings of the study cannot be generalised to all schools in South Africa, from this research study recommendations could be made to the special school to assist in ensuring a smoother transition for both the parents and the learner.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onderwyswitskrif 6 wat in 2001 geïmplementeer is het die periode van die beleidsverandering ná die beëindiging van apartheid in Suid-Afrika voltooi. Die verandering in die Suid-Afrikaanse opvoedkundige beleid en die skoolstelsel het aanleiding gegee tot baie veranderinge in die bestuur van spesiale skole, en dit het hierdie studie beïnvloed. Onderwyswitskrif 6 (2001) het 'n omvattende reeks van opvoedkundige ondersteuningsdienste voorgestel wat die volgende strukture insluit; hoofstroom-, voldiens- en spesiale skole. Hierdie skole bied verskillende vlakke van ondersteuning aan met die oog om die hindernisse tot leer te oorbrug. Die navorsing is vanuit 'n privaat spesiale skool gedoen. Die ouers wat deelnemers aan die navorsing was, het hulle kinders uit 'n hoofstroomskool gehaal en oorgeplaas na ‘n spesiale skool. Hierdie navorsingstudie het gepoog om ouers se perspektiewe te verstaan rakende die oorplasing van hulle kind vanuit ‘n hoofstroomskool na 'n spesiale skool, met spesifieke fokus op die ouers wie se kinders in die Senior Fase van hul skoolloopbaan was. Bronfenbrenner se bio-ekologiese model is as die teoretiese raamwerk vir hierdie studie gebruik in die lig van die klem op die oorvleuelende sisteme wat met mekaar verbind is en die invloed daarvan op die deelnemers se lewens en die lewens van hul kinders. Vir hierdie navorsingstudie is die ouers in die middel van die model geplaas, met die skool, gesin en die kind as verdere mikrosisteme. Hierdie studie het van 'n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie en 'n kwalitatiewe metodologie gebruik gemaak wat in 'n interpretatiewe paradigma gegrond is. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om die ouers te kies uit die aangewese spesiale skool in die suidelike voorstede van Kaapstad, as deelnemers vir die studie. Die studie het gebruik gemaak van drie maatreëls om data in te samel: 'n semi-gestruktureerde onderhoud, 'n lewens-lyn aktiwiteit, en 'n oop vraelys wat die ouers tuis voltooi het. Kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise is gebruik om die data wat gegenereer is deur middel van die drie data–insamelingsmetodes, te ontleed. Die bevindinge van hierdie navorsing suggereer dat die oorgangsperiode op 'n later stadium in die kind se akademiese loopbaan 'n moeilike ervaring vir die ouers, wat aan die studie deelgeneem het, was. Namate die kinders egter by hulle veranderde omstandighede aangepas het, het die ouers gevoel dat die skuif die moeite werd was en hulle het 'n positiewe verandering in hul kinders se akademiese prestasies opgemerk. Kennis moet ook daarvan geneem word dat die perspektief van die ouers op spesiale onderwys nie gebaseer was op die beleidsdokumente van die Suid-Afrikaanse skoolstelsel nie. Dit beklemtoon dat ouerontwikkeling ten opsigte van hierdie aspek noodsaaklik is. Die bevindinge van die studie kan wel nie na alle skole in Suid-Afrika veralgemeen word nie, maar daar kan vanuit hierdie navorsing aanbevelings gemaak word om spesiale skole by te staan ten einde die oorgang vir beide ouers en leerders makliker te maak.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur förskollärare arbetar med att skapa och upprätthålla sociala färdigheter och vänskap för barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Forskning visar att barn i behov av särskilt stöd ingår i färre vänskapsrelationer än andra barn. Studien har undersökt hur 28 förskollärare skattat barns lekfärdigheter utifrån observationsschemat Teacher Impression Scale - Swedish version (TIS-S). Sex förskollärare har intervjuats och beskrivit sin funktion i arbetet med att främja vänskapsrelationer mellan barn i behov av särskilt stöd och andra barn. De metoder som används var observationsschemat TIS-S, enkät samt intervjuer. Således har studien använt sig av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskningsansats. Det framkom att barn som väckte frågor hos förskollärarna sällan valdes som vänner samt behövde stöd i sitt sociala beteende. De arbetssätt som beskrevs var bland annat medveten indelning av barn i smågrupper samt ett statushöjande förhållningssätt där ett undvikande och ett tillförande arbetssätt trädde fram. En slutsats som drogs var att förskolorna i studien inte aktivt arbetade med konkreta interventioner för att främja vänskap. En annan slutsats blev att en samsyn kring begreppet barn i behov av särskilt stöd saknades. Avslutningsvis diskuteras de organisatoriska förutsättningar förskollärarna arbetade under som hinder för arbetet med vänskap för barn i behov av särskilt stöd.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how preschool teachers work to create and maintain social skills and friendship for children with special needs. Research shows that children with special needs are included in fewer friendship relations compared to other children. The study has examined how 28 preschool teachers estimated children's playing skills based on the observation sheet Teacher Impression Scale - Swedish version (TIS-S). Six preschool teachers have been interviewed and described their function in the work of promoting friendship relationships between children with special needs and other children. The methods used were the TIS-S observation sheet, survey and interviews. The study has used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. It was found that children, who the preschool teachers had concerns about, were rarely chosen as friends and needed support in their social behavior. The strategies described were, among other things, to divide the children into smaller groups, as well as an approach meant to increase the status of the children with special needs. In this approach two phenomenas were discovered, one which aimed to avoid and one which aimed to contribute. One conclusion was that the preschools in the study did not actively work with concrete interventions to promote friendship. An another conclusion was that a consensus on the concept children with special needs was lacking. In conclusion, the organizational conditions described by the preschoolers were discussed as obstacles that aggravated friendship interventions for children with special needs.

A síntese, que segue, visa examinar de que modo acontece o processo de formação de conceitos científicos em crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais na 1ª série do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, tomou-se como suporte conceitual os postulados da psicologia sócio-histórica de Vygotsky e seus contemporâneos Luria e Leontiev. Esses autores encerram um alinhamento teórico em relação ao desenvolvimento das funções psicológicas superiores "avançadas" - com relevo especial no que se refere aos conceitos científicos - como um processo que pressupõe constantes interações com signos e ferramentas culturais em situações específicas, como, por exemplo, o espaço escolar. Salienta-se que Vygotsky (1928) considerava os processos de escolarização, mais precisamente a inserção de crianças com necessidades especiais na escola regular, como imprescindíveis para que houvesse a apropriação instrumental que proporcionasse não apenas o manejo sociocultural, mas o constituir-se como um ser humanizado, pertencente ao gênero humano. Partindo desse ideário, precursor nos processos de integração/inclusão, a implementação da pesquisa aconteceu em uma escola de educação básica da cidade de Santa Maria/RS, mais precisamente em duas primeiras séries do ensino fundamental, junto a três crianças consideradas com necessidades educacionais especiais, com idades variando entre oito e onze anos. Os aspectos operacionais da investigação se desenrolaram através da análise qualitativa de caráter etnográfico, especificamente por de três estudos de caso, utilizando-se como instrumentos para a coleta de dados: anotações de campo, entrevistas planejadas e estruturadas, análise de documentos, que possibilitaram a elaboração de uma matriz conceitual. Os resultados obtidos estabeleceram diversos momentos desse processo formativo, os quais incorporaram características de transitividade, relatividade, apropriação dinâmica e conscientização em termos de generalização conceitual, pois estiveram imersos em um processo de formação que não tem um fim em si mesmo, mas que se encontra intimamente vinculado ao entorno sociocultural presente no universo escolar. As conclusões confirmam o caráter indispensável da escolarização como um grande propulsor na formação das funções psicológicas superiores, particularmente no que se refere aos conceitos científicos. E, ainda, ratificam a hipótese da escola regular como locus relevante, onde se evidenciam muitos dos constructos intelectuais necessários à interação cultural por parte de crianças consideradas com necessidades educacionais especiais.
The following synthesis aims for examining in which way the formation process of scientific concepts happens in children with special educational needs in the first grade of fundamental school. Postulate of socio-historical psychology of Vygostsky and his contemporaries Luria and Leontiev were used as conceptual supporting. These authors close a theoretical alignment in relation to the development of "advanced" superior psychological functions - with special attention to scientific concepts - as a process which presupposes constant interactions with cultural signs and tools in specific situations, for example, the school space. It points out that Vigotsky (1928) considered the school processes, more precisely the insertion of children with special needs in regular school, as essential so that instrumental appropriation occurred and offered not only the sociocultural handling but also the 'constitute oneself' as a humanized being, pertaining to human gender. From this idea, precursor in the integration/inclusion processes, the research implementation took place in a basic educational school in the city of Santa Maria/RS, more precisely in the two first grades of fundamental education, along with the three children considered with special educational needs, between eight and eleven years old. The operational aspects of investigation unfolded through qualitative analysis of ethnographic character, specifically through three case studies, using as instruments to data collection: notes, planned and structured interviews, analysis of documents, which permitted the elaboration of a conceptual matrix. The obtained results established several moments of this formative process, in which incorporated characteristics of transitivity, relativity, dynamic appropriation and awareness in terms of conceptual generalization since they were immersed in a formation process that do not have an end in itself, but it is intimately linked to the sociocultural spread presented in the school universe. The conclusions confirm the indispensable character of 'schooling' as a big propeller in the formation of superior functions, particularly in relation to scientific concepts. And they still ratify the hypothesis of the regular school as relevant locus where several intellectual constructions needed to cultural interaction by children considered with special educational needs were evident.

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In our culture school plays an important role in our children's development, as it promotes not only academic skills but also social skills. It is important to consider the role of teachers in the social and emotional development of their students hence this study aims to gather information on the variables which influence the value they place on their students' social skills as such information is currently lacking. We will begin by a) identifying the skills teachers considered most important for the social and emotional development of the students b) comparing teachers´ evaluations of the importance of social skills for children who have and don t have special educational needs. We will also look to identify possible influences of the variables age, gender, socio-economic status, level of qualification, length of time as a teacher and age group worked with on the importance placed on social skills. In order to achieve these goals, this study interviewed 70 teachers who worked in the first five grades of public regular elementary schools. Eighty per cent of them answered they had in their classroom, or have had in the last two years, at least one student with special educational needs. The participants were asked to rate the importance of each social skill in the social and emotional development of their students who had and who didn´t have special educational needs. These ratings were then transformed into scores and analyzed according to the principles of descriptive and non parametric statistics. The results showed that social skills related to civility, empathy and academic performance were more important to the teachers. Comparing the means of the total importance scores using the Wilcoxon test it was possible to see that the participants considered learning social skills more important to children without special needs. Of all the teachers´ characteristics analyzed in this study, only graduation appears to exert significant influence on how the importance of students' development of social skills is rated. Participants who had completed their education considered social skills less important in childhood, than those who did not graduate or those who had completed post graduate study.
A escola é um importante agente de socialização em nossa cultura, cuja função não se restringe apenas à promoção da aprendizagem acadêmica, mas também ao desenvolvimento socioemocional dos alunos. Dada à relevância do docente enquanto agente de promoção do desenvolvimento socioemocional de escolares e a carência de informações a respeito de fatores que possam influenciar a avaliação da importância atribuída pelo professor às habilidades sociais infantis, o presente estudo tem como objetivos: a) identificar as subclasses de habilidades sociais mais valorizadas pelos professores para o desenvolvimento socioemocional de seus alunos, b) comparar a avaliação de professores sobre a importância de habilidades sociais de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais (N.E.E) e de alunos sem N.E.E, c) identificar possíveis influências das seguintes características dos professores: idade, gênero, nível sócio econômico, tipo de formação profissional, tempo de docência e ano escolar para o qual lecionam, sobre a avaliação realizada por eles a respeito da importância das habilidades sociais para o desenvolvimento socioemocional de seus alunos. Com o intuito de atingir os objetivos expostos acima, realizou-se um levantamento junto a 70 professores de classes comuns da rede pública de ensino, que lecionam para alunos matriculados nos primeiros cinco anos do ensino fundamental. Oitenta por cento deles relatou possuir atualmente, ou já ter possuído nos últimos dois anos, ao menos um aluno com necessidades educacionais especiais em sua sala de aula e os vinte por cento restantes declararam não trabalhar ou ter trabalhado nos últimos dois anos com esta população. Foi utilizado um questionário composto por um rol com 59 habilidades sociais infantis, avaliando a importância de cada habilidade para o desenvolvimento socioemocional do(s) aluno(s) com necessidades educacionais especiais e de alunos da mesma classe, porém sem N.E.E.Os dados obtidos a partir das respostas aos questionários foram computados sob forma de escores e analisados por meio de cálculos estatísticos descritivos e inferenciais.Os resultados mostraram uma maior valorização, por parte dos docentes, das habilidades sociais pertencentes às classes de civilidade, empatia e habilidades sociais acadêmicas.. A comparação entre as médias dos escores totais atribuídos às crianças com e sem necessidades educacionais especiais, realizada por meio do teste de Wilcoxon, indicou uma valorização significativamente maior das habilidades sociais em alunos do segundo grupo. Dentre as características sociodemográficas dos docentes que foram analisadas pela presente pesquisa, a única que mostrou ter influência significativa sobre a importância das habilidades sociais dos alunos foi a formação. Professores com formação universitária consideraram as habilidades sociais que compunham o instrumento de pesquisa menos importantes, quando comparados a docentes com outras formações, como, por exemplo, segundo grau completo, cursos de especialização em educação especial ou em outras áreas.

碩士
東海大學
社會工作研究所
86
According to American''s early intervention experience, family affect children''s development outcomes in many ways. Family also play a very important role in the effect of early intervention. So the needs of family in child care is an important field to study.The research provides some data about the family structure, children''s development problem, family support system, parents motive ,ability, and experience in searching and using resources, and the resources available and accessible.The research proves that parents are the key person for searching resources. Children''s developmental problems very affect the child care''s difficulties. The resources are not good enough in quality and quantity. Most of the early intervention programs in Taiwan focus on children''s development not family. There are some children lack of care. There are some special needs not solved when caring children in family. Family-centered services are needed now and future. The research provides some advises to the government and social work institution about the policy level and practice services.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
特殊教育研究所
85
The purposes of this study were (a) to examine the views toward "giftedness"and the anticipated learning outcomes of elementary school gifted students, (b) to examine gifted children''s needs of curriculum, and (c) to compare the different needs of curriculum of elementary school gifted students among different backgrounds. 　　The investigator adapted "The Questionnaire of the Gifted Elementary School Students'' needs of Study " and "The Interviewing Guide of the Gifted Elementary School Students'' needs of Study" as the instruments for collecting data. The main contents of this study consisted of four aspects: the learning content, process, product, and environment. 　　Two hundred and seventy-two 4th grade gifted students in elementary school from Kaohsiung City answered the questionnaire.Four cases of them were interviewed based on purposeful sampling to obtain qualitative data for further analysis. 　　The investigator analyzed the data of the questionnaire by staistical method such as frequency distribution, percent age and x2. Interviews were analyzed by constant comparative method. 　　The results were summarized as follows: 　　1. The views toward "giftedness" and te anticipated learning outcomes: 　　(1) "Congenital intelligence" was the most of the views toward "giftedness". (2) "Knowledge" was the most of the anticipated learning outcomes. 　　2. The most needed curriculum: 　　(1) Children like "Computer" and "Physical Education" most as the learning contents. (2) Children like "Outdoor-Teaching" and "Wisdom-Game" most as the learning processes. (3) Children like "Works-Exhibit", "Operating", and "Drama" most as the learning products. (4) Children like "Seminar", and "Free Atmosphere" most as the learning environments. 　　3. The differences of the most needed curriculum among different backgrounds: 　　(1) The different class-setting: Statistically significant differences were found in Outdoor-Teaching. (2) The different gender: Statistically significant differences were found in "Physical Education" and "Operating". (3) The different school-scale: Statistically significant differences were found in "Works-Exhibit".

(anglicky) The diploma thesis covers the topic of supporting children within the children's crisis centers. The thesis is exploring various possibilities of provided support and psychosocial help within these facilities. The theoretical part contains description of what traumatizing events are (traumatizing stressors x stressors causing / causing trauma), and describes various options in dealing with crises within children's crisis centers and impact of those methods on the child and it's family. In the empirical part, I focus on mapping the assistance provided, using interviews with social workers, and I outline possible innovations in this area.

碩士
長庚大學
早期療育研究所
107
The purpose of this study was to explore general needs and perception of parents with Developmental Delay (DD) children during transitional period from preschool to elementary school in New Taipei City. This study further examines how different transition needs and perception among the parents with various family and children background. A self-designed questionnaire “Parent’s Needs and Perception for their Children with DD Transiting to Elementary School” was conducted with 212 parents of children with DD in New Taipei City. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA analysis were adopted to analyze the data: 1.Overall, between parents’ needs and perception were significantly different. 2.Parents had the greatest transition needs at the school’s aspect and the least at the family’s aspect. 3.Parents had the highest awareness at the children’s aspect and not so much at the school’s aspect. 4.The needs of parents varied significantly with family’s background and children’s background variables. 5.The awareness of parents varied significantly with children’s background variable. 6.Parents whose children were in the institution had more needs than parents whose children were at private preschool at the children aspect, school aspect and social aspects. 7.Parents whose children were in self-contained classes had more needs than parents whose children did not involve in special education in all aspects. 8.Parents whose children with DD (with educational identified) had higher needs than parents whose children were not education identified in all aspects. 9.Parents whose children were in the institution have higher perception than parents whose children were at private preschools at children aspect, family and school aspects. 10.Parents whose children were in self-contained classes had higher perception than parents whose children did not involve in special education at family aspect and school aspects. The study provides 13 suggestions in the three perspectives: the educational perspective (administration, school and teacher), the parental perspective and the perspective of further research (background variables, time, subjects and follow-up tracking.)

This thesis is focused on an education of students with different mother language (OMJ) at the first degree of primary school. It's consist of two parts. The terms specified in the theoretical part are related to student OMJ, influence of foreigners in Czech republic. This part is also focused on educating student with OMJ at Czech primary schools. The practical part of thesis describes research which was implemented in various schools. Qualitative part of this research was made on sample of five students with different mother language, who each visits different primary school. The goal of the whole research was the obtain data about education of students and also the way the teachers works with their language goals of teaching. KEYWORDS Pupil with a different mother language, migration, education, czech as a foreign language, inclusion, integration, observation, casuistry

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of education of pupils with autism spectrum disorders at an elementary school for pupils with physical disabilities. It focuses on the methodological conditions for education that the school offers to pupils with autism spectrum disorders. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The first chapter of the theoretical part describes autism spectrum disorders - from terminology and classification to typical manifestations of this diagnosis. The second chapter is dedicated to education of pupils with autism spectrum disorders, it presents options for their education and support measures. The third chapter of the theoretical part presents teaching methods and interventions for people with autism spectrum disorders. The practical part of the thesis includes a qualitative research survey which was carried out through semi-structured interviews with class teachers of pupils with autism spectrum disorders at the elementary school for pupils with physical disabilities. Using analysis of interviews and school documentation, I came to the conclusion that the environment of this school offers pupils with autism spectrum disorders education provided by special education teachers, and also comprehensive care, the benefit of small group, and individual...

This diploma thesis wants to find out main needs of large families in the Czech Republic. Families with three and more children are minority group for which social and family policy don't have specific measures. These families face to many problems, especially to the lack of financial resources and complicated reconciling of work and care. Situation of families and adjustment of social and family policy in the Czech Republic are compared with large families in France and with French family policy which is aim at reconciling of work and care in last years. Although adjustment of French welfare state is different, the inspiration for Czech system will be defined. Major benefit of this thesis is focusing on large families in the Czech Republic which don't receive social benefits and at least one parent is economically active.

Introduction: The arrival of a child with multiple disabilities (MD) in a family is a difficult situation. Increased stress of parents of (MD) is often related to the non-fulfillment of the needs, leads to frustration and deprivation that can result in serious health problems. The aim is the subjectively defined and described life with a child (MD), focusing on the needs of these parents resulting from the daily care of the child. Aim: Identify, describe and analyze the needs of parents of children with MD at an early age. Methods: Qualitative approach using the biographical narrative method. The research design is a case study. Methodological triangulation: three methods of collecting data: biographical curve, in-depth interview, Cantril's ladder. Results: all cases were compared with each other. 12 parents' needs were identified. The Cantril's ladder method found significantly unmet needs: Need for rest and Need for medical care. Conclusion: The main contribution of the work is to understand the individuality and needs of parents of children with multiple disabilities, as a possibility to provide purposefully individualized early intervention, to streamline the process of planning, implementation and evaluation of provided care and thus contribute to the quality of life of the whole family.

Diploma thesis "The course and long-term effects of animation as a method of working with adolescents" deals with the methods of working with endangered youth in the field and in the low-threshold facility for children and youth. It represents the reflection of the development of the methodology of the work of a particular organization in the Vltava housing estate in České Budějovice in the perspective of six years, when the author also worked here with a break. This time perspective makes it possible to help assess whether and to what extent the chosen approach appears to be effective. Above all, it allows to monitor the development of clients' life paths during a sensitive period from adolescence to adulthood. The potential of animation over other guiding and prevention systems can be to focus on activation, respect for life situations and the needs of clients, which are largely developmental, but also reflects social and psychological deficits in specific individual cases as well as in group life. Phenomenologically and ethnographically oriented research follows the previous author's qualification work and monitors the development of the contact center client community in the context of workers' suggestions and spontaneous life events. It is also complemented by a trio of individual case studies...

Sokol is a body movement organisation that has undergone many changes during its almost 160 years of existence and has been banned several times by the state power. However, she always cared for and supported Miroslav Tyrš`s legacy. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the offer of exercices for the age category of youngs in Sokol. Using a retrospective method, the history of Sokol over the last almost 160 years of its existence is briefly described. Based on a comparison of the ongoing number of divisions and the development of the membership base, the development from the renewal of Sokol in 1990 to the present years is evaluated, focusing on the selected age category. A questionnaire survey is chosen as the analytical method, which was sent electronically to the individual units. Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, previously established hypotheses were disproved or confirmed, which were based on academic work or other available literature. It is confirmed that the membership base of student categories has been growing since the 1990s, despite slight fluctuations. The most significant growth was in the period around the "Sokol slet", in which these age categories regularly participate. This was especially visible in the years around the 16th "Sokol slet" held in 2018 in Prague. The...

This thesis explains the concept of progressive muscular disease. Describes the development of the disease, different types and methods of treatment. It also deals with the problems of the educational opportunities of children with limited mobility in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first chapter deals with the definition of the concept of progressive muscular disease. The second part describes the laws on education and educational facilities for children with disabilities in our country. It also deals with special educational needs and support in the educational process. The third part describes the family as a determinant in the choice of school. Determining what factors and to what extent, affect parents in deciding on the future of education.

This thesis deals with the Regional planning of services and its contribution to the site from the point of view of participants in network of services for vulnerable children and families. Regional planning of services is one of the key activities of the project "System Development and Support of Social and Legal Child Protection Tools", which aims to support the transformation of the care system for vulnerable children into practice. The aim of this work is to find out how the participants in network of services for vulnerable children and families perceive the activity of regional planning of services, their experience and make recommendations for the implementation of regional planning. The theoretical part describes the project, the activity of regional planning of services and individual activities of the regional planner. This work focuses on the cooperation and multidisciplinary approach. A qualitative approach is used in the research. Data was collected using individual and group interviews. The research group is a sample of participants in network of services for vulnerable children and families. Data analysis has produced recommendations for regional planning of services activity to maintain activities in localities and has also produced local or system recommendations. Key words...

The main purpose of the research was to explore the role of the community nurse in the care of newborns, infants and their mother and how this kind of care could be included in the current system of preventive care for newborns and infants in the Czech Republic. The research was developed by qualitative and quantitative design. In the first stage of the research, interviews with nurses from the PLDD outpatient department and mothers of infants in the South Bohemian and Pilsen Regions were conducted. Non-standardized questionnaires for nurses and mothers were created from the obtained data. The statistical processing was carried out with MS Excel, where absolute and relative frequencies were calculated and the relationships among the variables at the significance level ? = 0.05 were tested by the use of the chi-squared test and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. For the needs of the qualitative survey, a research group of six mothers of infants and seven nurses from the PLDD outpatient departments in the South Bohemian and Pilsen Regions was chosen by deliberate selection. For the quantitative survey, a research group of 254 mothers of babies aged 12-24 months was chosen by deliberate selection. The research group of nurses was chosen by deliberate selection and consisted of 196 nurses working in PLDD outpatient departments for more than one year. Multiparas have provably more information at leaving the maternity hospital about breastfeeding techniques, breast milk pumping, nappy changing, hygienic care and bathing, dressing, sleeping, umbilical cord care, and safe handling of the baby. Information about the prevention of sudden infant deaths or the storage of breast milk is at the same level for primiparas as for multiparas. It was found out that there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness and the occurrence of problems in the first year of the child's life. The personal experience of nurses with the visiting service has an influence on whether they attach importance to this service. The current model of preventive care of newborns and babies needs to be critically analysed and appropriately complemented by interventions of the visiting service.

(in English) The diploma thesis is devoted to the topic of meeting the needs of users of shelter homes for mothers with children in the Czech Republic. It defines the form of residential social services for mothers with children in Czech legislation. It approaches the target audience of the institution and addresses the causes that may have led to the need to find a service. It specifies the most frequently solved needs, problems, deficits of shelter-seekers. The general part deals with social work methods that can be used in direct work with clients during their stay. The empirical part examines the needs of shelter clients from the perspective of social workers. Based on the assessment of the nationwide questionnaire survey, the results are compared with the views of the clients in the form of structured interviews to verify the reality of the data. The research part of the thesis is closed by an analysis of methodical tools for the identification of client needs used in several selected shelters for mothers and children. The results of the work bring the identification of the areas and the specific needs with which the social workers of the shelters all over the Czech Republic meet. Interpretation of results opens the way for a wider specification of social work performed in shelters for mothers...

Children{\crq}s home is a facility where children whose parents cannot or will not care for them are placed. It provides care whose purpose is to ensure everything a child needs for good development in an environment that tries to be as close as possible to a family. Children are placed in a children{\crq}s home mostly on the basis on a court ruling. A child{\crq}s social situation is, in the context of the work, understood as a situation and circumstances when it is necessary to provide a child with protection or help based on the act on social and legal protection of children, in particular situations that lead to the ordering of institutional care. The aim of this work is to map in more detail what role a children{\crq}s home plays when dealing with a child{\crq}s social situation. The data were obtained as a part of quantitative research whose aim was to verify or refute the set hypotheses. The method of asking questions, interview technique, was chosen for data gathering. Three hypotheses were set as a part of the research part.

The thesis deals with issues of SOS villages with a special focus on psychological problems. Its goal is to point out the psychological problems related to mental deprivation. The work is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. In the theoretical part, the activities of SOS villages are presented. Further explained is the notion of mental deprivation, its origin, historical development and examples, and it familiarizes with different kind of substitute family care. The practical part introduces a research by the method of questionnaire examination, which was conducted among foster mothers from the SOS village and retired foster mothers.

This Masters thesis focuses on issues of Specific Language Impairment - SLI of children of pre-school age. It monitors and evaluates development of their communication and motor skills during their time in kindergarten. The theoretical part focuses on defining basic terms which relate to communication and communication disorder with the emphasis on SLI. The psychomotor and communicational development of child from birth to entering school is described too. Also how this all affected creating the Framework Educational Programme for preschool education. The aim of the empirical part was to observe four children with SLI during their attendance at a pre-school for children with specific needs. Speech and psychomotor development of these children and its changes in connection to their teachers' intervention was observed. Part of the research included interviews with children's parents and those are also evaluated. The survey was done by the qualitative method. We get four case histories. At the end was evaluated the aims of the survey and answered questions asked and summarized the results of my investigation.

This thesis deals with relationships between parents and children in the family, as well as the role of the family and breakdowns in this role, the raising of children and the socialisation of children in a children{\crq}s home environment. The theoretical part of this work describes the family and the factors that come into play when it comes to childcare. Furthermore, it outlines what constitutes healthy child development, which is only facilitated by a good-quality parent-child relationship. It looks at the issue of rescuing the family environment and the possibility of alternative nurturing care, particularly in family-type children{\crq}s homes. The practical part of this thesis describes the current quality of childcare in family-type children{\crq}s home facilities and the support provided for optimising this care. It presents a summary of the reasons for placing children in a children{\crq}s home. It outlines and analyses problematic conditions for rearing youngsters in five children{\crq}s homes in the central Bohemian region. The results of a questionnaire survey demonstrate the possibility of satisfactory nurturing and social adjustment for children in the care environment of a children{\crq}s home.

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the entire gastrointestinal tract in all its layers.The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of the disease, its causes, symptoms, complications, treatment and psychological aspects. It also touches on the needs of children and communication with a chronically ill child.At first, this work set out to achieve two goals: mapping the provision of nursing care to children with Crohn's disease in hospitals and determining the impact of Crohn's disease on the everyday life of a child. A third goal, gathering respondents' views on the possibilities of community nurses in collective institutions, was encountered during the research and was added.The empirical part was carried out using qualitative research method using semi-structured interviews both with health professionals working at pediatric wards, as well as children with Crohn's disease and their parents.Survey results show that children with Crohn's disease come in contact with health workers at various departments of health facilities. The most common early symptoms of Crohn's disease in children included abdominal pain, diarrhea with blood or mucus and failure to thrive. The most common areas affected were the gastrointestinal tract, the small intestine, the colon in one case and the rectum in another.Some workers did not know which tests or treatments their hospital prescribes to the children.They report pain as the main nursing challenge, but this did not reflect in nursing practice.In all departments, except one, there was no material on Crohn's disease, which would have been helpful to the workers.Interviews with children and parents, as well as with health workers confirmed that the disease has a socio-cultural impact on the child and those around it. The results of this diploma thesis were presented at three conferences and will be published.

The thesis deals with the problematic of specific behavior disorders. Despite the age some children keep suffering from complications which negatively influence their studies in the form of insufficient reading techniques, in the lower ability of text understanding and consequently disability to study the read material. The goal of the thesis is to suggest a number of recommendations how to help those children in the phrame of their integration to a common basic schoul course. Separate steps (form and frequency of correction, contents of corrections) are described in the individual educational plan.

This diploma thesis aims to describe the education system at schools in spa hospitals. It is the work of theoretical-empirical. The theoretical part describes the most commonly somatopedic disabilities with which pupils arriving for spa treatment to medical clinic.It also charakterises a core of problem, the schools at medical clinics. The practical part is realized one of the methods of qualitative research in the form of a case study. The aim of the research is to compare specifics of education at concrete schools.