Journal articles on the topic 'Childrens human rights'
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1
Krstic, Natasa. "The implementation of children’s rights and business principles in the corporate social responsibility strategy of Serbian enterprises." Sociologija 59, no. 3 (2017): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1703351k.
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The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has evolved along with the business sector, from charitable donations, business ethics, social marketing, stakeholder relationship, through strategic bonding with business goals, and its national and international institutionalization. Although the protection of human rights is an essential part of CSR, the impact of the business sector to children?s rights is often neglected. The research about the implementation of the international Children?s Right and Business Principles conducted by UNICEF organization in Serbia, confirmed that the business sector highly values activities towards children, but hasn?t incorporated children?s rights in its business strategies. The systemic introduction and enhancement of children?s rights in responsible business of Serbian companies can be supported through the incorporation of the Children?s Rights and Business Principles in the CSR reporting and certification processes. The article provides an overview of the inclusion of the Principles in the first national methodology for an objective comparison of the business sector effects in the field of social responsibility - ?CSR Index Serbia?, based on the application of the Global Reporting Initiative. As a result, it would enable strategic monitoring of the impact of the Serbian business sector in the whole range of children?s rights.
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Lundy, Laura, Bronagh Byrne, Katrina Lloyd, Michelle Templeton, Nicolas Brando, Mary-Louise Corr, Evie Heard, et al. "Life Under Coronavirus: Children’s Views on their Experiences of their Human Rights." International Journal of Children’s Rights 29, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-29020015.
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Abstract Children have a right to have their views sought and given due weight on all matters affecting them, including at times of emergency and crisis. This article describes the process and findings of the ground-breaking CovidUnder19 survey (“Life Under Coronavirus”) which was co-designed with children for children, capturing the experiences of over 26,000 children in 137 countries as to the realisation of their human rights during the first six months of the covid-19 pandemic. Key findings are discussed through the lens of the crc’ s four general principles, read alongside children’s rights, inter alia, to education, play and to be protected from harm. It argues that governments and public bodies should have sought children’s views – not just because they were under an obligation to do so – but because such engagement, now and in crises to come, provides an early warning system that enables decision-makers to mitigate some of the adverse consequences of their responses for children and their rights.
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Charo, R. Alta. "Germline Engineering and Human Rights." AJIL Unbound 112 (2018): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2018.88.
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With the ever-increasing range of medical technologies at our disposal to mediate the processes of life, from conception to death, comes an ever-increasing number of decision points about human control of fate. And as we debate altering our fate—whether dictated by a deity or by chance—the discussion frequently devolves into a question of whether we may alter not only our own fate, but also that of our children. The advent of genome editing, whether by older methods or the newer, often more easily used methods employing CRISPR, has only made debating the controversial possibility of heritable “germline” editing more urgent. The advent of genome editing, whether by older methods or the newer, often more easily used methods employing CRISPR, has only made debating the controversial possibility of heritable “germline” editing more urgent. On the eve of the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing, held at the end of November 2018 in Hong Kong, a startling and disturbing story began circulating - a Chinese researcher announced the first births of children whose genomes had been edited at the embryonic stage. The work (assuming the claim can be verified) suffered from myriad problems, beginning with the lack of a compelling medical need, and including inadequate preclinical research, lack of peer review, flawed subject recruitment and consent procedures, and an apparent disregard for both formal and informal rules governing genetic manipulation of embryos. The summit's organizing committee issued a statement, distinguishing this experiment from what would be a responsible translational pathway forward. But not surprisingly, others around the world immediately called for a global, enforceable prohibition on such genetic engineering. On the occasion of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR)’s seventieth anniversary, this essay argues that the current human rights law on germline editing misunderstands both the mechanisms of genetics and the moral basis for human rights, suggesting a more nuanced approach as we move forward and keep pace with new gene-editing technologies.
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Miles, Joanna. "MIND THE GAP… : CHILD PROTECTION, STATUTORY INTERPRETATION AND THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT." Cambridge Law Journal 61, no. 3 (December 11, 2002): 499–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197302351705.
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“The problem is more with what the [Children] Act does not say than with what it does”: Hale L.J., Court of Appeal at para. [50]. Therein lay the problem addressed in Re S (Minors) (Care Order: Implementation of Care Plan) [2002] UKHL 10, [2002] 2 W.L.R. 720; reversing in part [2001] EWCA Civ 757, [2001] 2 F.L.R. 582. This case involves key issues in child protection under the Children Act 1989 and provides further guidance regarding the courts’ interpretation of legislation under the Human Rights Act 1998.
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Seatzu, Francesco. "The Interpretation of the American Convention on Human Rights through the Prism of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child." International Human Rights Law Review 9, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00901007.
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This article considers the Inter American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR)’s and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (iachr)’s approach to interpreting and applying the American Convention on Human Rights (achr) provisions through the prism of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc) and ascertains the features of each convention that supports this approach. It concentrates on the IACtHR’s and iachr’s development and implementation of the principle of the best interest of the child, and on two specific areas of the IACtHR’s and iachr’s jurisprudence on children’s rights – children’s migration and trafficking of children – and concludes with some suggestions as to how this approach might be improved further in a manner that gives wider scope for the promotion of children’s rights and freedoms in the achr contracting states.
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Zivojinovic, Dragica. "The principle of equality and the right to assisted procreation." Stanovnistvo 50, no. 1 (2012): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1201069z.
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The principle of equality is the foundation of developing an entire system of human rights, and its implementation represents the standard of respecting each right individually. With these premises as a starting point, the subject of the author?s interests is whether the right to assisted reproduction, as a segment of reproductive rights, is regulated in conformity with the equality principal. In order to reach an answer, the author examines the concept of human assisted reproduction and analyzes the application of reproductive technologies in the light of legal, social and political reforms which affected marriages, the family and partnership in general at the end of the 20th century. The author finds that the most significant ones among them are the emancipation of women, recognition and legal formation of same sex unions and statements prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation. Furthermore, by considering the right to assisted reproduction in the context of other human rights with which it is interconnected and interdependent (the right to life, right to privacy, the right to a family life, health rights, children?s rights), the author finds there are no absolute, unlimited rights in the contemporary system of human rights, but that they inevitably have certain restrictions. Since the same limitation attribute also characterizes the right to assisted reproduction, the author further researches whether there is discrimination, positive or negative, towards the existing forms of limitations to this right. The following forms of limitations have been singled out, as the key ones for this analysis: request for (non)marital status and heterosexual orientation, sexual affiliation and age and the accessibility (prohibition) of applying certain methods of assisted reproduction which are primarily in the function of eliminating female sterility. The author concludes that there are elements of discrimination based on family status, sexual orientation, age and sexual affiliation. The author finds that emphasizing the need to protect the best interests of children, as a crucial reason for justifying their introduction, can hardly be defended both legally and ethically. The author believes that the basis of limitation lies in the reasons of social suitability, namely buying social peace at the present level of development of social conscience. By appealing to the principal of equality, the author intercedes in favor of accessibility to the right for assisted reproduction under equal conditions and limitations for each user, and prohibiting discrimination on any basis.
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Saeed, Suhair Zadeh, and Esmail Shafiee. "The Study of Human Rights Situation in Iraq During Saddam Hussein Era." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p216.
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Human rights are one of the most important issues in Contemporary International Low, that there is a great sensitiveness for the implementation of them. In many countries, some institutes & committees have been considered to follow up the issue or even a ministry as the ministry of human rights has been established. The present paper was discussed the human rights violations in Iraq on Saddam Hussein`s behalf, the current ruler and so, followed the response of the question that “how had been the situation of human rights during the governorship of Saddam Hussein in Iraq?”. The research method was descriptive-analytic. The method of collection is documentary & library information and the methods of analyzing information are describing, analyzing, and also using documents. The results of this study showed that some human rights violation cases have been seen in the government of Saddam Hussein in Iraq such as the pillage of state, forced displacement of Feyli Kurds from Iraq & the killing of them, killing women and children, abduction of women and children, the involvement of people in different wars, lack of social participation of women, economic sanctions, the use of chemical weapons.
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Caranti, Luigi. "Replies: Autonomy and human dignity. A reassessment of Kant’s political legacy. Human rights, peace, progress." Filozofija i drustvo 29, no. 4 (2018): 598–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1804598c.
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The paper centers on some problematic theses of my book Kant?s Political Legacy. Human Rights, Peace, Progress (UWP 2017). This reconsideration is occasioned partly by comments I received and partly by my own process of self-criticism. I focus on the point that commentators have mainly criticized, that is, the link I suggest between human dignity and our capacity for moral behavior, or autonomy. The first part recalls the basic features of my Kant-inspired and yet in many regards anti-Kantian account of the relation between dignity and autonomy and replies to some criticisms received from orthodox Kantians. The second part is strictly connected to the first because it deals with the reasons we have to believe that we are autonomous. While in the book I sketched Kant?s own reasons for the ?reality of freedom,? as he puts it, I focus now on Bojan Kovacevic?s suggestion to look at characters in novels written by artistic geniuses (in particular Leo Tolstoy) to find indirect evidence in favor of autonomy. This allows me to reflect on the kind of evidence one can legitimately expect in the proof at issue. Thirdly, I reply to a classical objection, ignored in the book, that impacts with equal force Kant?s ethics and my own position. The problem concerns people with temporary or permanent impairment of rational capacities. If I let human dignity depend on our capacity for autonomous behavior, am I committed to the counterintuitive (and rather devastating) conclusion that children or people suffering from momentary or irreversible loss of rational capacity, and a fortiori of autonomy, do not have dignity and therefore do not deserve to be protected by human rights?
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Aroni, Rosalie, and Larry Abel. "Moderate Vision Impairment and Children?s Health Rights: What Counts as Primary Health Care?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 3 (1996): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96039.
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There are a number of issues which need to be raised when examining the impact of vision impairment on children's lives. In a pilot study, the problems raised predominantly by primary caregivers of children with mild to moderate vision impairments indicate that current health care practices still tend to be defined in narrow biomedical terms in this area. This is because the psychosocial impacts of these degrees of impairment are not adequately understood by families, health and other professionals and are therefore not effectively dealt with. This often creates a situation in which families are sent from one health service delivery domain to another with no one service taking responsibility for providing the needed assistance - often with parents taking on advocacy roles which in human terms produce extreme strain (Rees & Emerson, 1984).
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Hristozova, Mariya. "CHILDREN'S RIGHT TO HEALTH IN THE ACTS OF THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 2051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28062051m.
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One of the most vulnerable people in every society is children who, due to their physical, emotional, psychological and social immaturity, can not protect their fundamental rights and freedoms themselves and need increased support from the international community and national authorities. In view of these objective circumstances, in the system of the United Nations has adopted a number of legal acts which lay down minimum international standards for the protection of children's righThe most important and comprehensive international treaty for the protection of children 's rights is the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This Act proclaims a number of civil, economic, social and cultural rights for children who should be protected in all legal systems, such as: the right to education, the right to social security, the right to a standard of living appropriate to the physical, mental, social development of the child and other rights.Article 24 of the UN Convention also sets out the right of every child to enjoy "the highest attainable standard of health and health services to treat illness and restore his health." The right of children to health includes in its content, separate, autonomous rights and freedoms, such as the right to access quality medical care and remedies for illness and health rehabilitation, the right to control one's own health and body and others.In fulfillment of their obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, States have an obligation to take comprehensive measures to ensure the fundamental human rights enshrined in the international treaty, including children's health, such as legislative, administrative, economic and other measures.However, the adoption of an appropriate legal framework is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of children's health. That right falls under the category of social rights, the full exercise of which requires active cooperation from the States. Today in a number of reports by international organizations is stated that many countries do not have sufficient financial resources to ensure the practical implementation of their obligations under international treaties, which creates a real risk to the children's right to health and for all their fundamental rights. In view of these disturbing data, further steps need to be taken to strengthen and guarantee all children's fundamental rights, especially their right to health, both at international and national level.
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Türkelli, Gamze Erdem. "Children’s Rights when Financing Development through Multilateral Development Banks: Mapping the Field and Looking Forward." International Journal of Children’s Rights 29, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 199–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-29010008.
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Abstract Children and their rights are increasingly recognised as an integral part of the global development agenda as set out by the 2030 Agenda and the accompanying sdg s (Sustainable Development Goals). UN Human Rights Council Resolution 34/16 calls for a child rights-based approach to implementing these goals. Aspirations aside, children’s rights are largely invisible when the debates shift to how development is financed. Consequently, a children’s rights-based inquiry into the governance of institutions that finance development, is largely absent. This article seeks to overcome the relative scarcity of critical academic reflection on how and to what extent children’s rights feature in how development projects are financed by multilateral development banks (mdb s). The article first identifies common strands in norms mdb s use to govern themselves, their clients and borrowers. It then proceeds to situate how children’s rights fit into these administrative governance frameworks and goes on to address future perspectives of engagement to address shortcomings.
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Mc Murray, I., and L. Jansen Van Rensburg. "The utilisation of the right of children to shelter to alleviate poverty in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 7, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2004/v7i1a2844.
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Children being the most vulnerable members of society are the one's most affected by living in poverty. This unacceptable situation can inter alia be attributed to the disastrous effects of Apartheid. During this unfortunate period in our nation's history millions of people were unjustly evicted from their homes and forced to live in deplorable conditions. Moreover, many of these people were left homeless or without the necessary adequate shelter. Children who were born into these circumstances were denied basic resources such as proper shelter, food, water and health care services. These unfortunate circumstances existed at the adoption of South Africa 's democratic Constitution. The preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1996 reaffirms government's commitment to heal the inequalities of the past and improve the quality of life of all citizens. The Constitution is based on certain fundamental values, most importantly, human dignity, freedom and equality. The fact that these values are denied to those people living without access to basic resources such as adequate housing/shelter, food, water or health care services cannot be dismissed. To facilitate South Africa 's development as a democratic state based on human dignity, freedom and equality, the problem of poverty must be addressed. The Constitutional Court , in Government of the Republic of South Africa and Others v Grootboom and Others 2000 11 BCLR 1169 (CC), has recently stated that the effective realisation of socio-economic rights is key to the advancement of a value based democratic South Africa . Section 26 of the Constitution grants everyone the right to have access to adequate housing and section 28 that grants every child the additional right to basic shelter among others. By virtue of section 28(1)(b) the primary responsibility to provide children with the necessary adequate housing/shelter is vested in their parents, unless the parents are unable to fulfil their duty or the children are removed from their care. This does not in the least mean that the state has no responsibilities to children living with their parents. The state must still provide the framework in which parents can facilitate the realisation of their children's rights. The state can fulfil this obligation by taking reasonable legislative and other measures within its available resources to realise everyone's right of access to adequate housing progressively. Therefore, it is submitted that the measures taken to realise section 26 also indirectly ensures the realisation of children's right to basic shelter (section 28(1)(c)). It has been largely accepted by the courts and academics alike that all fundamental human rights are indivisible and interrelated. Clearly then, the state's obligations in terms of section 28(1)(c) cannot be properly interpreted without referring to the interpretation of those obligations conferred upon it by section 26(2) and the other socio-economic rights in the Constitution. Hence, section 28(1)(c) must be seen in the context of the Constitution as a whole. Put simply, the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures within its available resources to realise children's right to basic housing/shelter progressively. This article will focus on the utilisation of the right to shelter of the child to alleviate poverty. Essential to this discussion is an effective understanding of the right to basic shelter as entrenched by section 28 of the Constitution in conjunction with the right of access to adequate housing conferred on everyone by virtue of section 26. This will be achieved by studying the general working of such rights including their limitations and enforcement.
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Tuan, Nguyen Dinh. "Opportunities to Access to General Education of Children Living in Poverty Families in Ethnic Minority in Vietnam Nowadays." Asian Social Science 16, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n6p43.
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Education is a basic right of people and everyone has the right to access to education. The right is stated in Clause 1, Article 26 of 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). In Vietnam, the Constitution passed by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 2013 also stipulates that education is a right of people and the State, families and the society must protect, take care of and educate children. To ensure children’s right to access to education as well as to enable them to access to learning opportunities, Vietnam has promulgated many policies to create favorable conditions for all children in education, especially those from poor families and ethnic minority families in the past years. However, compared to children from well-off families, children from poor families in ethnic minority regions still face difficulties in education. Based on statistics, this article focuses on analyzing the opportunities to access to general education of children from poor families in ethnic minority regions in Vietnam nowadays.
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Przyłuska-Fiszer, Alicja. "Etyczne podstawy kontroli genetycznej." Etyka 23 (December 1, 1988): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14394/etyka.328.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine some beliefs about the ethical justification of negative eugenics, i.e. a policy of limiting the frequency of childbearing by women prone to give birth to children with genetic defects. The main thrust of the paper is to define and defend of a particular duty v i s – á – v i s the future generations, viz. the duty to provide the future persons with healthy genetic endowment. In the first part of the paper the concept of the ‘obligation to future generation’ is considered. In the second part the putative right of children to acquire healthy genetic endowment is critically assessed from the moral point of view. The author focuses on important reservations concerning moral rights of not even potentially existing persona and the subsequent difficulty in establishing when such rights are infringed. The last part of the paper deals with the possibility of justifying our moral obligations to the future generations by consulting our direct moral duties, and bypassing the controversial issues of the rights of non-existent persons. The author concludes: one of the most credible methods of justifying the objectives of negative eugenics is the acceptance of the depersonalized version of the utilitarian principle (also called globally conceived principle of utility) which stipulates that the sum of pain in the world be minimized and the sum of happiness be maximized. In the same vein the traditional concept of the ‘sanctity’ of human life should be revised in the light of the principle that human life presupposes consciousness and dignity. When these two assumptions are made, it can be shown that due to the application of genetic control the future generations will live a happier life and suffer from fewer diseases than they would if we decided to ban genetic control.
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Holt, Kim, and Nancy Kelly. "When adoption without parental consent breaches human rights: implications ofRe B-S (Children)[2013] EWCA Civ 963 on decision making and permanency planning for children." Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 37, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2015.1028156.
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Stopler, Gila. "A Feminist Perspective on Natality Policies in Multicultural Societies." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1938-2545.1020.
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Controlling natalitythe ratio of births to the general populationis one of the best means a state has to control its demographic composition. However, the fact that the state has certain interests with regard to the size and composition of its population does not necessarily give it the right to set and pursue natality policies, because such policies can potentially infringe on various human rights such as the rights of women and the rights of minorities. Using a feminist perspective I first argue that even if it is illegitimate for states to try to influence people's choice as to the number of their children in order to achieve demographic change, the state may, and should, enact natality policies aimed at promoting women's right to equality, regardless of whether their end result is to achieve a demographic change. Next I examine whether states are allowed to pursue natality policies aimed at decreasing natality rates in specific cultural groups, whose cultural precepts are oppressive toward women and dictate very high natality rates. Using the ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Israel as a test case, I present and reject three objections to the states right to pursue such natality policies: the objection from free choice, the objection from free association, and the objection from culture. Rejecting these objections I conclude that not only is the state allowed, but it is indeed obligated, to pursue natality policies that aim to alleviate the oppression of women by decreasing inordinately high birth rates in illiberal communities. However, when choosing the measures for the implementation of such policies the state must take care to choose only measures that respect human rights.
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Coetzee, Enid. "Can the Application of the Human Rights of the Child in a Criminal Case Result in a Therapeutic Outcome." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 3 (June 19, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i3a2680.
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Prior to the change brought about by S v M,[1] the interests of children were only considered as a circumstance or mitigating factor of the offender during the sentencing process. The article will discuss case law in order to determine the impact that the inclusion of the human rights of the child had on the sentencing process if the offender was the primary caregiver of the child. Specific reference is made to Sections 28(2) and 28(1)(b) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The article will then consider whether this inclusion might improve therapeutic outcomes without the apprehension that the interests of justice would be forfeited. A therapeutic outcome is brought about when the attention is placed on the human, emotional and psychological side of the law. It is concluded that the Zinn triad remains the basic measure to be used by sentencing courts to determine an appropriate sentence. Should the sentence be direct imprisonment, the court has to ensure that the children receive appropriate care as prescribed by Section 28(1)(b). Should a range of sentences be considered, even though the court has a wide discretion to decide which factors should be allowed to influence the measure of punishment, when the offender is a primary caregiver, Section 28(2) must be included as an independent factor. It is also concluded from the case law discussion that the inclusion of the human rights of the child in the sentencing process did not automatically give rise to a therapeutic outcome, although in some judgments it did result in a therapeutic outcome. Thus, the consideration of the human rights of the children during the sentencing process creates the opportunity for a therapeutic outcome.[1] 2007 2 SACR 539 (CC).
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Farrow, Trevor C. W. "Re-Framing the Sharia Arbitration Debate." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 15, no. 1, 2 & 3 (July 24, 2011): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/c9s67t.
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The “matter of religious arbitration in . . . Ontario” to which Margaret Atwood and nine others are referring is a vocal, polarized debate – the “[S]haria debate.”2 It has largely been framed by two questions. Should Ontario “[p]rohibit the use of religion in the arbitration of family law disputes”3 to avoid “the ghettoization of members of religious communities as well as human-rights abuses?”4 Or would such a prohibition do a “great disservice to a number of religious groups in Ontario, and nothing to safeguard the interests of Muslim women?”5 Several fundamental rights and interests are engaged by this debate, including religious freedom, gender equality, the rights of children, national and cultural identity, freedom from hatred, the role of the state in family law, and others.
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PILARSKA, JUSTYNA. "BOOK REVIEW: WAR CHILDHOOD: SARAJEVO 1992-1995." Society Register 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2018.2.2.09.
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As early as at the beginning of the last century, the Polish-Jewish educator, children›s author, and pedagogue Janusz Korczak called for the right of child to happy childhood. This revelatory vision was accompanied by Hellen Key, who proclaimed 20th century as the century of the child, publishing book of such title and calling for the rights of children to free growth. Unfortunately, the history of the modern world added to these humane ideas rather pessimistic post scriptum, involving children in the armed conflicts and totalitarian regimes, making them the victims of adult cruelty to an unimaginable extend. In such context, the “War Childhood” book provides a very important and exceptional pedagogical and sociological study, for it induces readers to ponder over the position and status of children in armed conflicts, with the biographical, psychological and social repercussion of the latter.
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Arhin, Antonela. "Conceptualizing child labour trafficking and exploitation: The case of Roma children in Montenegro." Temida 15, no. 3 (2012): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1203161a.
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Trafficking of children for labour exploitation is a profit-oriented criminal activity by which children are recruited, transported, harboured or received for the purpose of labour exploitation irrespective of whether or not force, abduction, fraud or other means were used. This paper examines child labour trafficking in the context of human rights violations and as the worst form of child labour. In an attempt to situate the discourse of alleged labour exploitation and trafficking of Roma children in Montenegro, focusing in particular on instances of child begging, this paper offers an overview of the international legal framework as well as the Government of Montenegro?s policy framework relevant to this issue; an analysis of implicated historical, familial and cultural structures; and focuses on identifying root causes in terms of push-pull factors that are associated with enhancing children?s vulnerability and proneness to exploitation. Along with a set of recommendations, in closing, the paper calls for a more sophisticated analysis of child labour trafficking and, in the case of Roma children, a more nuanced understanding of historical and cultural pretexts against the backdrop of labour trafficking.
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Protsevskiy, Viktor A., and Svetlana V. Golikova. "Peculiarities of the Child`s Constitutional Law Status in the Russian Federation." Family and housing law 6 (December 10, 2020): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1999-477x-2020-6-29-31.
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At the present stage of state development, one of the main issues that arise is the issue of human rights protection. At the same time, the gradual development of society requires a special attitude to children because of their inability to protect themselves independently, understanding of their interests, needs, requests, problems, psychoemotional and other factors. The article examines the constitutional and legal status of the child, determining its theoretical foundations and structure. It is noted that the constitutional and legal status of a child is a complex, complex legal category that objectifies the system of legal features of the legal status of a child as an object of constitutional law. The main component of the concept of the legal status of the child is the understanding of the value of the child as a member of society.
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Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove. "Multilingualism and the education of minority children." Estudios Fronterizos, no. 18-19 (January 1, 1989): 36–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21670/ref.1989.18-19.a02.
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Linguicism, the domination of one language at the expense of others, is a reflection of an ideology, associated with racismo. The majority of almost 200 states of the world are officially monolingual, yet, these states contain speakers of sorne 4,000 to 5,000 languages. A comparative analysis of the success of educational programs in different countries in reaching the goals of bilingualism, shows that most European and europeanized countries do not organize the education of minory children so that they will succeed in becoming bilingual. Instead, the ohildrem themselves, their parents, their group and their culture are blamed for the failure. In the author's opinion, it should be the duty of the educational systems globally to help these children to become bilingual. To counteract linguicism, a dec:laration of children' s linguistic human rights is proposed. The autor concludes that it is not a question of information but one of power structure. Thus, it is the job of linguists to produce information, but unless the right questions are asked in their research and why, their arguments might be supporting linguicism and racismoA linguistic science wich is aware of these political involvements can only be militant. And it is the tudy of linguists in their respective countries and regions to assume responsability for this task, this struggle for the defense and development of their own language and cultures. (posúace to L-J. Calvet, Linguistique et Colonialisme).
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Hunt, Charles T. "African Regionalism & Human Protection Norms: An Overview." Global Responsibility to Protect 8, no. 2-3 (May 24, 2016): 201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00803007.
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Growing international solidarity for protection principles has formed the backdrop for an evolving notion of human protection at the un in the post-Cold War era. The emergence of the ‘Human Rights up Front’ initiative, protection of children and Women, Peace and Security policy agendas, and normative frameworks such as the protection of civilians and the Responsibility to Protect are indicative of a tangible human protection agenda at the un. However, the extent to which human protection norms have diffused in different regions vary in important ways. Africa – one region or many – has been a norm maker, shaper and taker, as well as a major recipient of action in accordance with this nascent normative regime. This article provides an overview of regionalism in Africa and examines how perspectives and institutional expressions at the regional level(s) have been influenced by – and in turn influenced – the uptake and development of norms around human protection.
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Sharovych, Dmytro, and Ivanna Maryniv. "Overview of the concept of human rights in the Muslim world." Law and innovations, no. 2 (34) (June 18, 2021): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2021-2(34)-5.
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Problem setting. Islam is the youngest Abrahamic religion in the world. Its beginning was laid in the first half of the VII century AD on the territory of the Arabian Peninsula. The Islamic world is a unique regional phenomenon that causes many people to have different and in some cases even opposing views. The issue of human rights in the Islamic world is also much debated. Every day we receive information about the systematic violation of the honor and dignity of a certain category of the population (women, children) in the region. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The article uses the works of well-known experts in the field of Sharia and legal systems of Muslim countries such as: Syukiyaynen L. R., Abdullah ibn Abd al-Mukhsin at-Turki, Zhdanov N. V., Abashidze A. Kh., Abdul Aziiz Olaemi and others. Special attention is paid to the concepts of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Target of research. The objective of this work is a general overview of the concept of human rights in the Islamic world. Article`s main body. Analyzed the issues of human rights in different countries where Sharia has a significant impact on their systems of law, namely: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Iran. The article notes that despite the significant impact of Sharia law on the legal systems of the above countries, certain human rights standards differ between them. Also, the article reveals the first practice of codifying human rights in muslim insight - the General Islamic Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the non-governmental organization Islamic Council in Europe. The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (until 2012 - the Organization of the Islamic Conference) (hereinafter - OIC) - is an international intergovernmental organization whose members are representatives of the Muslim world. Thus, the explored activity of the international intergovernmental organization in the field of human rights, namely the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, which unites all Muslim countries of the world and in its activities is guided by the principles of Sharia. The study of the activities of this organization in the field of human rights contains an analysis of sectoral acts (for example, the Dhaka and Cairo Declarations), a study of the activities of bodies of special (Independent Permanent Commission on Human Rights) and general (Islamic Summit) competencies and other issues that relate to the mechanism of promoting and protecting human rights. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The authors came to the conclusion that the concept of human rights in the Islamic world is quite heterogeneous, even in comparison between countries where Sharia is dominant. The authors note the special role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation as a leading basis in the Islamic doctrine of human rights, as this organization unites all Muslim countries into one monolithic bloc, which leads to the formation of a single Muslim autonomous will, which includes all national doctrines and approaches.
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Rosbjørn Eriksen, Kasper Emil. "A Great Desire for Children: The Beginning of Transnational Adoption in Denmark and Norway during the 1960’s." Genealogy 4, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4040104.
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This article examines the beginning of transnational adoption in Denmark and Norway to illuminate the role of private actors and associations in Scandinavian welfare systems. Utilizing case studies of two prominent private adoption actors, Tytte Botfeldt and Torbjørn Jelstad, the article analyzes how these Nordic welfare states responded to the emergence of transnational adoption in comparison with both each other, neighboring Sweden, and the United States. This study shows that private actors and associations strongly influenced the nascent international adoption systems in these countries, by effectively promoting transnational adoption as a progressive and humanitarian form of global parenthood; while simultaneously emphasizing the responsibility of the welfare state to accommodate and alleviate childless couples’ human rights and need for children. A need that was strong enough that couples were willing to transcend legal, national, and racial borders. Ultimately, Danish and Norwegian authorities not only had to show leniency towards flagrant violations of adoption and child placement rules, but also change these so that families could fulfill their great need for children by legally adopting them from abroad.
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Bacter, Claudia, Sorana Săveanu, Raluca Buhaș, and Cristiana Marc. "Housing for Sustainable Societies. Children′s Perception and Satisfaction with Their House in Countries around the World." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168779.
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(1) Background: Adequate housing conditions and access to basic house amenities are fundamental human rights and indicators of individual wellbeing. The paper aims to present children’s perception regarding housing conditions and household goods and their impact on children’s overall satisfaction with their house. (2) Methods: We aim to determine the contribution of housing conditions and household goods on children’s satisfaction with their home in 31 countries worldwide. To capture differences in children’s satisfaction with their house based on their housing conditions, we analyzed models conducted on data from 10 lower- and upper-middle-income and 20 high-income countries. We used secondary analysis on data from the third wave of Children’s Worlds: International Survey of Children’s Well-Being (ISCWeb) (87,000 children, aged 10–12, worldwide). (3) Results: The results show that there is a link between the material conditions of the family and children’s satisfaction with the house they live in, and also that having a place to study and access to internet are the main factors related to housing that explain children’s satisfaction. (4) Conclusions: Children mostly appreciate the way housing setting and household goods contribute and ensure their proper development through the creation of a stimulating home learning environment. Results are helpful in setting future standards to increase children’s wellbeing and quality of life, and ensure adequate housing as one of the pillars of sustainable development.
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Makaudze, Godwin. "THE DISADVANTAGED AND THE DISABLED IN SHONA CHILDREN’S LITERATURE: THE NGANO (FOLKTALE) GENRE." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 34, no. 2 (October 26, 2016): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/942.
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Contemporary Shona society in Zimbabwe has witnessed the mushrooming of organisations meant to protect the disabled and the vulnerable. In addition, empowering legislative measures have been put in place. In most cases, however, such efforts bear limited fruits, especially because they are not in sync with Shona practice. They are pursued as if the Shona people had never known the existence and observance of human rights and privileges. Using the Afrocentricity theory and drawing examples from the Shona ngano (folktale) genre, this article posits that Shona oral traditions are laden with the indigenous people’s philosophy and approach to various kinds of impairments and disadvantages which can be adopted and adapted by contemporary societies.
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Edwards, Susan. "The Self-Incrimination Privilege in Care Proceedings and the Criminal Trial and ‘Shall Not Be Admissible in Evidence’." Journal of Criminal Law 73, no. 1 (February 2009): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2009.73.1.548.
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This article considers the suspension of the self-incrimination privilege in care proceedings and the consequences for respondents and defendants implicated in civil and criminal trials relating to child abuse. This right against self-incrimination is differently applied in the civil and criminal forum. Where there are parallel civil and criminal proceedings and where different rules apply to the disclosure of fact, a respondent in a civil trial later facing criminal proceedings is at a disadvantage. This article explores the tension in the law with regard to a defendant's right to silence and the operation of the self-incrimination privilege with regard to documents and statements made by parties in civil and in criminal proceedings in cases arising from the physical and sexual abuse of children by family members or carers, and the law's overriding objective of child protection. It considers the several issues which arise when self-incriminatory statements are made in one set of proceedings and the use that can be made of these statements in the criminal investigation and at trial. It considers the duty of the criminal court to consider fairness in respect of admissibility of specific evidence (Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, s. 78) and also to consider the fairness of the trial as a whole (European Convention on Human Rights, Article 6). These sacrosanct principles and rules of evidence are examined in the context of their application in family/care proceedings and related criminal proceedings for offences of child abuse and the implications for the rights of respondents/defendants.
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Lee, Su Min. "SOCIOECONOMIC ABUSE: FROM GOVERNMENT MISHAP TO SYSTEMETIC FAILURES." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 21, 2019): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i2.708.
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ABSTRACT
The tragic stories of poverty, famine, and the systematic abuse of citizens by the government in North Korea are all too common. In fact, for millions of children in North Korea today, these are recurring themes. The exploitation of underage children—forced into labor and given minimal to no payments—is common. These children are placed in vulnerable situations and exploited by the very government which should be protecting them.
Kim Jong Un, the Supreme Leader, is a perfect example of how dictators often exploit citizens to maintain power, by violating human rights and suppressing freedom. Today, the world is only aware of the modernized Pyongyang, but do they really know what is behind the façade of luxury?
The aim of this paper is to investigate the harsh reality of the exploitation taking place inside North Korea. Secondary sources are the main method of investigation, as well as information taken directly from personal testimonies given by North Korean refugees.
Compared to what has been portrayed in the mass media, the true picture of North Korea’s situation is unbearable. I was able to glean insight into the North Korean regime that has abused its powers through a cascade of systematic measures that suppress and oppress its citizens from attaining communal benefits of society. This research summarizes research goals which identifies specific ways through which North Korea has exercised its abusive power over its citizens – through child labor, “virgin school girlsâ€, state-wide propaganda, etc. While the primary focus of this article is to shed light on the prevalent abuse found inside North Korea, it also attempts to address a much broader question pertinent to general human nature: “Does human nature allow power to lead to corruption?â€
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Gorelov, A. V., S. V. Nikolaeva, and V. G. Akimkin. "Сoronavirus infection COVID-19 in children in the Russian Federation." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 3 (2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-3-15-20.
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Humanity has recently encountered an infection caused by a new strain of human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This infection is characterized by a variety of clinical symptoms with lesions not only to the respiratory tract, but also to other organs, lack of causal therapy, and high mortality rate. Wide spread of COVID-19 contributes to the development of this disease in children. Objective. To identify clinical and epidemiological characteristics of new coronavirus infection in children in the Russian Federation (RF). Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of all confirmed COVID-19 cases among children in the RF between January and June 2020. Information on patients (age, gender, place of residence, reason and date of examination, and clinical form of the disease) was taken from the database containing reports of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing according to from No. 970 ‘Information on cases of infectious diseases in people with suspected coronavirus infection’ for January–June 2020. The results were processed by generally accepted statistical methods with the calculation of the Fisher s-criterion. Differences were considered significant at p <0.05. Results. A total of 47,712 cases of COVID-19 were registered in children during the first 6 months of 2020 in the Russian Federation, which accounted for 8.4% of all COVID-19 cases. Children of all ages are affected with boys having the disease slightly more often than girls (52.2% vs. 47.8%, p > 0.05). The majority of hospitalized children were younger than 3 years of age. The proportion of pneumonia among children treated in inpatient departments was 4.4% and two-thirds of them were older than 3 years (p < 0.001). Upper respiratory tract infections were diagnosed in 83% of children. Almost one-fifth of children (18.2%) had hyperthermia at the disease onset, although high-grade fever (>39°С) was detected only in 2.6% of children. Half of the patients (50.8%) had cough. Only one in four children developed rhinitis/rhinopharyngitis. Symptoms that are pathognomonic for COVID-19, such as loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), were registered in 17% of cases only. Conclusion. Children with new coronavirus infection usually have mild disease. Key words: children, coronavirus, COVID-19
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Sheremet, Mariia, and Zhanna Kovalchuk. "THE EVOLUTION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE AS A SEPARATE SCIENTIFIC AREA IN THE 1940-1960'S." Scientific journal of Khortytsia National Academy No. 1 (2019), no. 1 (2019): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51706/2707-3076-2019-1-18.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the main directions for the development of the theoretical foundations of special education and speech therapy in Ukraine during the 1940–1960's in the light of the decisions made by the pro-government bodies of the Ukrainian SSR. The article focuses on the need for critical analysis of the historical and pedagogical conditions for the development of speech therapy as a science in Ukraine as a definite experience for creative reflection in the course of modernization of special education in the current socio-economic, socio-political and cultural situation. A number of factors have been identified that have influenced the development of the special education system in different historical periods, such as: socio-economic conditions in the country; activity of the state towards people with various impairments in psychophysical development; legislation in the field of education and human rights; the state of special education as an integral branch of scientific knowledge. It was determined that the significant development of scientific and methodological work in the field of speech therapy at the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century was facilitated by the increase in the number of children with severe speech disorders, who needed vocational guidance and special forms of training and upbringing and by inconsistency of the existing network of pre-school and school education establishments for the specified category of children. The analysis of archival documents reflects important governmental decisions on the provision of professional correctional assistance to children with disorders of psychophysical development and the organization of scientific and methodological activities of scientists in the field. It is determined that scientific work in the field of special education and speech therapy in particular at different age periods was conducted by the staff of the Research Institute of Defectology, department, and later the laboratory of speech therapy of the Research Institute of Pedagogy, Defectology Faculty of the Kiev State Pedagogical Institute named after O. Gorky. As a result of the analysis of the problem, the peculiarities of scientific activity of state institutions were regarded through the prism of the state policy in the field of training and education of children with various disorders of psychophysical development.
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Traykova, Tsveta. "STATE AND DYNAMICS OF THE STRENGTH ABILITIES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl.1 (2019): 780–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.128.
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The period of pre-school age is characterized by an intensive growth and development of the human organism. In that connection, we set the aim of our study: to investigate the development of the strength abilities of children from a preparatory group for school (5-7 years old) as a result of the application of physical culture enriched educational program (for the period of one school year). The investigated subjects were 208 children from two kindergartens and one school in the city of Sofia. The following methods were used: Theoretical analysis, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, and statistical methods. The following motor fitness tests were used: hand grip (left and right hand), standing broad jump, throwing 1 kg medicine ball with two hands above head, throwing 1 kg medicine ball with two hands underneath, throwing a small dense ball as far as possible, and maximum number of squats for 20 sec. From the results obtained, it was found that the greatest increase in strength abilities was found in the children of the experimental test groups as follows: ‘Throwing a small dense ball’, ‘left hand grip’, ‘throwing 1 kg medicine ball with two hands above head’. Results: As a result of the training methodology applied, an increase in the strength abilities of the children of both sexes was established.
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Siahaan, Ginta. "HUBUNGAN GAYA HIDUP DAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN DENGAN KADAR HAEMOGLOBIN (Hb) PADA ANAK JALANAN DI KOTA MEDAN." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 12, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v12i2.13.
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According to Law No. 23 The year 2002 about child protection, the rights of the child is part of a compulsory human rights guaranteed, protected and fulfilled by parents, society, government and state.while in Article 4 paragraph 1 mentioned that the children who have no parents are entitled to by the state or the nursery or the body. This research aims to know the relationship between eating habits and Lifestyle with the level of Haemoglobin (Hb) on the Street Children in the City of Medan. This research done in some places where ordinary street children abstain as Simpang Red light Titi Kuning, Aksara, Juanda, Pringgan, Simpang Petisah and Terminal Amplas, and Pinang baris in the city of Medan. Data collection is done for 1 months starting from April 20 s/d 20 May 2013, where the location of this research are expected to represent the community of street children in the city of Medan. The type of this research is cohort studies with cross sectional design (cut bars). The population in this research is the whole street children Simpang Red light Titi Kuning, Aksara, Juanda, Pringgan, Simpang Petisah and Terminal Amplas, and Pinang baris in the city of Medan. estimated 300 people, now samples on the research is part of the population of street children based on the criteria of inclusion where one of the criteria is the street children aged 14 - 24 years. From these criteria get samples as much as 72 people. This research has been approved by the code of conduct research FK USU. Based on the results of research can be concluded that the lifestyle of street children is to have the categories less of 36 people (50%), and eating habits of street children are the most is have less category of 28 people (38.9%) while for the level of haemoglobin (Hb) street children are the most is have low category of 42 people (58%), to see the relationship between the statistical tests with Test Chi-Square, where there is a significant relationship ( p= 0.000 < 0.05 ) between lifestyle with the level of haemoglobin (Hb), whereas there is no significant relationship ( p= 0.096 > 0.05 ) between eating habits with the level of haemoglobin (Hb). The researcher recommends that for an observer of street children should perform routine counseling every month so that the street children can be exposed to about the lifestyle that hygiene, kiebiasaan eat good and orderly pentinhnya eat for street children.
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Vorobiev, Maxim V. "Legal Consciousness at the Early Stage of Personality Development from the Perspective of Russian Neo-Kantian Philosophy of Pedagogy." Kantian journal 37, no. 2 (2018): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2018-2-3.
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In this study, I investigate the philosophico-pedagogical concepts developed by German and Russian Neo-Kantians, namely P. Natorp, S. I. Hessen, M. M. Rubinstein. In order to identify the peculiarities of the approaches of the Neo-Kantians to legal consciousness in children, I show that the widely accepted view that Hessen borrowed Natorp’s hierarchical triad of moral development — anomie, heteronomy, and autonomy — lacks a solid ground. Moreover, Natorp generally does not use the concept of anomie to characterise the state of morality and legal consciousness during early childhood, and Rubinstein’s position on this issue is closer to the position of Natorp than to that of Hessen. Furthermore, I examine the differences in the views of the Russian Neo-Kantians on play as an activity crucial for the understanding of human childhood. According to Hessen, play is anomic, whereas Rubinstein sees it as a collaborative activity that can engender respect for other people and their rights, i.e., to legal consciousness. In conclusion, I address Hessen’s and Rubinstein’s understandings of the phenomena of law and legal consciousness, which determined their definitions of legal consciousness in children. Unlike Hessen, who insists that anomie is innate in early childhood, since children of that age are unfamiliar with ethical categories, Rubinstein introduces the concept of “legal psychology,” which contains the germs of legal consciousness.
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Ndiaye, S., C. Moreira, and S. M. Ndiaye. "The Externalities of Advocacy: The High Cost of Standing Up for Patients' Dignity in Senegal." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 246s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.98600.
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Background and context: In Senegal, pediatric oncology patients arrive at the hospital at advanced stages of disease. Their large tumors, as well as the side effects of chemotherapy make children experience intense pain. In this low-resource setting, morphine supply was quite irregular. Doctors don´t prescribe morphine due to shortages; but few prescriptions also lead to limited orders. A vicious circle with only 1 victim: the patient. Hearing children in pain was agonizing for everyone: patients, caregivers and healthcare practitioners. Aim: This advocacy narrative illustrates how the fight for access to morphine in pediatric oncology has led to both positive and negative externalities. We will highlight ways in which this fight for morphine has provoked political tensions moving the issue forward, but has also affected the careers of health workers involved. Strategy/Tactics: Morphine is a cheap drug, yet it is extremely regulated by international laws. It takes political will to influence national morphine orders. This advocacy strategy was built on raising awareness and setting morphine shortage on the political agenda. Not providing morphine in oncology goes against international standards of care. But most importantly, letting patients suffer without “existing” relief is a breach of basic human right to live - and also die - in dignity. Program/Policy process: Conversations began within the pediatric oncology department. Focus groups highlighted caregivers' feelings of powerlessness before their suffering child. Interviews with key informants (doctor and nurses) were instrumental to a widely diffused Human Rights Watch report exploring the medical and political causes to morphine supply shortages, as well as its psychological repercussions on patient care. A BBC documentary was broadcasted soon after. Subsequently, meetings were held between the Ministry of Health, the National Supply Pharmacy and leading local oncologists. Outcomes: Morphine orders were multiplied by 10, leading to much improved pain management for patients. However, Senegal was portrayed negatively on the international scenes, much to the Health Minister´s dismay. The consequences were incurred by the health workers who contributed to the international publications/reports. What was learned: Health practices can inform policy just like policy can inform health practices. It is a cyclical process. Creating advocacy coalitions and rallying the help of the international community are effective strategies. However, in the political arena, health workers need more than commitment to human rights and quality care. Even in democratic republics, systems can penalise outspoken activists. We have learned that health care practitioners (especially working in public settings) who wish improvement for their patients must learn to be tactical and diplomatic. International partners will return to their home countries, but local actors will pay the high cost of advocacy.
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Murakami Junior, Mario Minor, Gabriel Bernardes Baron, Marcela Usberti Gutierre, Leandro José Guimarães Filho, and Júlia Chartouni Rodrigues. "Non epileptogenic Rasmussen`s encephalitis." Revista de Medicina 98, Suppl (October 9, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v98isupplp21-21.
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Introduction: Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a very rare chronic inflammatory unilateral encephalopathy with still unknown etiology. It predominantly affects children under the age of 10, but can also affect adolescents and adults. Current evidence on possible etiologies are divided in two main theories. The first one is based on brain inflammation caused by a reaction to a foreign antigen. The second one is based on an autoimmune disease that is limited to a single hemisphere of the brain. The common presentation is intractable and frequent focal motor seizures, often associated with progressive neurological decline, and progressive unilateral focal cortical atrophy. Progression of the inflammatory process in MRI is considered a good biomarker in RE.
Objectives: Report a rare case of a female infant presenting atypical manifestations of uncommon symptoms without seizures caused by Rasmussen's encephalitis.
Case Report: A ten-year-old right-handed female presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of abnormal involuntary movements of the right upper and lower limbs, face paresia of the same side and loss of attention without loss of consciousness. The involuntary contractions were brief, random, irregular, and worsened with activity, along with a positive milkmaid grip sign. She also displayed reduced movement speed and hyperactive biceps, triceps, patellar and ankle jerk reflexes. Associated with the motor abnormalities, the girl presented with a recent but progressive decrease in cognitive functions, which caused a decline in school performance and impaired reasoning, and affective blunting. She had no sign of previous neuropsychomotor development abnormality. She was taken to a quaternary hospital where a MRI and a CT of the brain were performed. MRI showed atrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere, predominantly in the operculum and head of the caudate nucleus, hypersignal in the insular cortex and adjacent white matter. CT presented with hypoattenuation of the left frontal lobe and parieto-occipital white matter associated with atrophy of the head of the caudate nucleus of the same side and enlargement of the adjacent fissures and sulcus. A subsequent PET-CT showed a left cerebral hemisphere hypometabolism, predominantly in the basal ganglia, temporal, frontal and insular lobes. Functional evaluation detected diffuse unilateral disorganization of brain electric activity, but no epileptic paroxysmal discharges were found on the electroencephalogram. After hospitalization, human immunoglobulin at the dose 2g/kg/day was used for five days. The girl remained stable, with no complications. After sixteen days, she was discharged with a rehabilitation program and follow-up care.
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Thoon, Koh, Sing Chao, and Liang Wee. "Renal Toxicity Presenting with a Fracture in an HIV Positive Adolescent." Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 13, no. 01 (June 2, 2017): 081–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603529.
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AbstractTenofovir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor commonly used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children and adolescents. We report a case of an HIV-positive adolescent male who had been treated with an antiretroviral regimen consisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) with a stable CD4 count. Two and a half years after starting tenofovir, he experienced a right third metatarsal shaft fracture after minor trauma, which was treated successfully with a cast. He was found to have osteopenia for which he was treated with oral phosphate and calcium/vitamin D supplementation. Three months later, he then presented with severe hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, glycosuria, and proteinuria, which were consistent with a diagnosis of acquired Fanconi's syndrome. Subsequently, his electrolyte abnormalities were corrected with replacement of potassium, phosphate, and bicarbonate (Shohl's solution). His antiretroviral regimen was switched to abacavir/lamivudine and raltegravir. Acquired Fanconi's syndrome is a known but uncommon adverse effect of treatment with tenofovir, and an awareness that it can cause osteopenia and present with fractures can alert the physician to manage and prevent this potentially serious side effect.
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Sahat, Norasyimah, Afishah Alias, and Fouziah Md Yassin. "Brainwave Analysis for Robot Movement Depending on Age and Sex Differences." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.30 (November 30, 2018): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22282.
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A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a direct communication pathway between a human and external device. This system is very useful especially for disabled people as their brainwave still can emit electrical activity and can move the machine even with severe motor impairments. This research aims to investigate the brain waves produced by humans in terms of attention level for robot movement based on sex and age category of children (6-12 years), teenagers (18-25 years old) and adult (30 years and over). An Electroencephalography (EEG) device called Neurosky Mindwave Mobile has been used to obtain brainwave signals produced by humans. There were five aspects of robot movement namely forward (F), right (R), left (L), backward (B) and stop (S). From the analysis, the subject is less focus when doing the backward movement compared to another aspect of movements. Based on sex difference, the male has a higher attention level than female in every aspect of movement except for the left movement. The age group that has the highest attention level is teenager and the lowest is adult. It can be concluded that the attention level produced by human varies depending on age and sex difference of the individual itself.
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Kabasakal Arat, Zehra F. "Women’s rights as human rights." UN Chronicle 45, no. 3 (December 31, 2009): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/d16204cd-en.
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Sen, Amartya. "Children and Human Rights." Indian Journal of Human Development 1, no. 2 (July 2007): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703020070201.
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Kim, Hwaseon. "Children and Human Rights, Two Ways to Narrate Human Rights." Korea Association of Literature for Children and Young Adlult 23 (December 31, 2018): 369–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24993/jklcy.2018.12.23.369.
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Freeman, M. "The Human Rights of Children." Current Legal Problems 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clp/63.1.1.
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Noceti, María Belén. "El trabajo infantil como estrategia de sostén de las familias pobres en la Argentina, la necesidad de rediseñar el objeto de las políticas públicas." Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales, no. 27 (April 8, 2011): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ais/ais.200927347.
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La siguiente ponencia pretende discutir a través del análisis de datos obtenidos durante el desarrollo de Proyectos de Investigación Acción llevados adelante desde la Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina, la necesidad de rediseñar las políticas publicas existentes en torno a la erradicación del trabajo infantil en la Argentina. En la actualidad este fenómeno social se aborda teniendo como eje de trabajo los individuos, esta ponencia propone que el eje de trabajo necesariamente deben ser los grupos de referencia de los niños trabajadores ya sean grupos de pares o familias, puesto que el trabajo infantil se gesta en una red de relaciones sociales. Siendo así si se erradica debe ofrecer otra red de contención al niño ya que la necesidad de afiliación social es uno de los derechos que como ser humano debe prevalecer. Las políticas publicas deben generar dispositivos de afiliación social que reinserten a los niños en el sistema de educación formal, para ello la educación popular es un instrumento y quizás los técnicos deban diseñar muchos más en función de las características culturales de cada población, en este sentido la antropología puede ofrecer interesantes aportes.The aim of this research is to discuss the need to revise the current public policies on the eradication of child labour in Argentina by means of the analysis of the data obtained during the development of research projects carried out by the Universidad Nacional del Sur in Argentina. Currently, this social phenomenon is analysed from the point of view of the individual. This research suggests that the focus should instead shift to the working children�s reference groups, whether couples or families, since child labour is the outcome of a network of social relations. Hence, if child labour is eradicated a different means of contention should be offered to the child since the need for social affiliation is one of the rights which should prevail for the child as a human being. Public policies should create tools for social affiliation facilitating the child�s incorporation into the formal education system.Popular education is a useful tool for achieving this objective, which is why professionals should design tools by taking into consideration the cultural aspects of different communities. In this sense, anthropology might offer interesting input.
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Muhammad Surya Adi Wibowo. "Pelaksanaan Proses Peradilan Dan Pemenuhan Hak Dalam Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak ( Menurut UU No. 11 Tahun 2012 )." Reformasi Hukum 24, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46257/jrh.v24i1.90.
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The purpose of this study is to find how the judicial proceedings for violations of the proven to have committed a criminal justice and criminal justice be face to face with the process , and what of sanctions and the protection laws will be provided to hak-hak children according to statute number 11 years 2012 about the criminal justice systems . By using the method of juridical normative , hence writers can conclude: 1 .The judicial process given to children is: trial should be done behind closed doors and decisions are openly to the public , investigators , the public prosecutor , the judge and legal adviser in conducting its function as law enforcement officials by not using dress uniform or bertoga; single presided over by a magistrate a trial, The judge spirit keeps the matter hidden blast of judgment and by the son was of a judge that are specially emphasised in the program of a justice of the woman who man having knowledge of god on the issue on psychiatric; the implementation of the son of due to go on trial the match will be held on the day there is a special levy; in the process of the trial the children must be accompanied by central on the part of parents .Was not allowed to be was covered by the reporters before those who surrender decisions which are carried out by the prosecutor and judges , have to being read the report a social worker who had been given authority and a court of law to scrutinize the conduct and the condition of residents such a child . 2. Protection laws against children s rights had received the very criminal according to a system and criminal justice , as for him who is the son of in the hour of the detention and placed in an institution the deployment of the son of while ( LPKS ) and institutions for the special building the son of ( LPKA ) , the kid for cancer and asked to undergo an incident in which she prior to taking over leadership of nought of the fulfilment of rudimentary living in the treatment of health and human services by the officers , have been able to take education and training as well as coaching and provide assistance , and in conjunction with adequate in accordance with the regulations statute .
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Voicu, Camelia, Alina Anghel, and Maria Savu-Cristescu. "Parental Education for Children′s Rights." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 191 (June 2015): 1707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.433.
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Kandela, Peter. "Human Rights." Lancet 335, no. 8704 (June 1990): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)93047-s.
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Bochenek, Michael Garcia. "Children's Rights as Human Rights." Ethics & International Affairs 29, no. 4 (2015): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679415000441.
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The image of Aylan Kurdi, a three-year-old Syrian boy who drowned on September 2, 2015, as he tried to cross the Mediterranean with his family to seek safety in Europe, may finally shock Europe and the world into offering greater protection to refugees fleeing from war and persecution in Syria and elsewhere. Aylan's death was a tragedy of a kind that has become all too familiar. In 2015 alone, thousands of people have died trying to reach European shores in unseaworthy, overcrowded boats. Many of those who drowned were children—including in a single instance an estimated one hundred children (out of a total of some eight hundred fatalities) lost in a shipwreck off the coast of Libya in April.
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Dias, Angela Maria, and K. Senthil Kumar. "Human Rights and Rights of Migrant Children in Goa." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 9 (2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2015.00218.x.
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Bojanic, Petar. ""Taking the human out of human rights" human rights or group rights?" Filozofija i drustvo 26, no. 3 (2015): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1503703b.
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What interest me are the reasons why ?human? or ?human rights? could be important or possibly most important in constituting a group (hence the introduction of the complicated word ?group? and ?group right(s)? in the subtitle). If I had to justify the existence of the latest debates on nature, justification and universality of human rights, on their distinction from other normative standards, on the philosophy and (legal) foundation of human rights, on ?Human Rights without (or with) Foundations? (Raz, Tasioulas, Besson), then I would immediately conclude that this ?process of grandiose concretization? of a complete fabrication is far from over. Despite the innumerable pacts and international conventions established after World War II, the slew of obligations to which states have agreed in the last few decades, the establishment of rights to secession or humanitarian intervention it is as if the constitution of classification of basic human rights and their universality is far from over.
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Pearson, Kim. "Children Are Human." Texas A&M Law Review 8, no. 3 (May 2021): 495–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v8.i3.2.
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There are great benefits to be had should the United States, one of the global leaders in economic strength and political power, ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“CRC”). The mystery of the United States’s ultimate reluctance to ratify the CRC, despite the nation’s central role in the drafting process, has been interrogated for years. Scholars and policy- makers have developed compelling narratives regarding obstacles to the United States’s ratification and implementation of the CRC. However well- reasoned the arguments for ratification are, there has been little progress in persuading the United States to ratify the CRC. While the work toward ratification should continue on every level, informal implementation before ratification would be advantageous and in line with historical methods of reform in the United States. One area that has been over- looked to the advantage of minority and vulnerable populations is domestic relations courts in the United States. In the United States, children’s rights advocacy work should be conducted like cause advocacy for historically disfavored groups to achieve legal recognition and protection of their rights. For example, parenting equality efforts were primarily focused on creating change in individual courts over time, allowing advocates to teach judicial officers and other legal decision-makers about positive outcomes for children of lesbian and gay parents while dispelling myths, misperceptions, and negative stereotypes about sexual minorities. Similarly, other disfavored parents, like working mothers, religious, and racial minorities, have used individual court cases to advocate and educate until new, progressive norms are adopted as national standards. Advocates for children’s rights should adopt institutional change theory and tailor cause advocacy efforts to implement the CRC principles in local domestic relations courts. Focusing on change from within institutions may shift legal norms more quickly, so children are recognized as fully human and thus rights holders in the United States, rather than relying on external legislative changes.