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1
Schiff, Claire, and Michèle Debrenne. "Same Origins, Different Destinies: New Migrants vs Descendants of Migrants." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 462 (2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/462/13.
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The article sheds light on certain peculiarities of immigration to France, which has become a multicultural country. The authors explain how the destinies of two categories of “immigrant” youth differ. The first are the “beurs”, children and grandchildren of migrants who arrived in France during the 1960s and 1970s, generally from the Maghreb. The second are the “blédards”, who migrated themselves from these countries during adolescence with their parents or in the framework of family reunification. After a short description of the successive waves of migration which have regularly reached France and a terminological clarification on the meaning of the words “foreigner” and “migrant”, the authors show how the trajectories of those who are French citizens, know the language and have attended the school system from the start differ from those of newcomers, although the two groups are often confused. The article presents analysis from the theoretical works devoted to the study of different waves of migration, in the USA and in other countries, then focuses on a presentation of the educational trajectories of the new arrivals and those of the descendants of migrants. Particular attention is paid to migrants’ adaptation to the labor market. Newcomers have less difficulty finding an internship than their classmates born in France. They are also more easily exploited, because they compensate their poor French language adopting a deferential attitude towards employers. When unemployed, they often find a job more easily than the descendants of migrants by relying on ethnic niches and networks of fellow citizens. The article underlines the role of the social environment in determining adaptation paths which can lead to acculturation and social mobility, to assimilation within a marginalized urban environment, or to economic integration into ethnic niches. The more hostile the environment and the less the migrants are adapted to the country’s economic and cultural codes, the more the ethnic community tends to rely on itself in order to protect its children from a form of assimilation seen as harmful. Finally, the authors present the different attitudes of young people from the two groups towards the host society. For the descendants of migrants, it is common to assimilate to groups of young people in low-income neighborhoods and to copy the behavioral pattern characteristic of the inhabitants of these neighborhoods with a high concentration of immigrant and minority populations. When they are victims of stigmatization because of their ethnic origin or their neighborhood of residence, these young people become very critical, sometimes adopting oppositional attitudes to the French society to which they belong. On the other hand, newcomers struggle to find their place, as they still feel in transit, are not necessarily sure to stay in the country which they see as a haven comparing to the difficult living conditions of their native country.
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Strel'tsova, Y. "Immigrants’ Integration under Conditions of Economic Crisis." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-1-55-68.
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This article has considered the main trends of integration: economic one – “trough the work” and by means of social, educational, municipal and citizenship policy in European countries, first of all in France, and in Russia. The attention has been paid on contradictions, which are typical for searching an integration model in modern Russia. This article illustrates the main difficulties of immigrants’ adaptation in European countries, as a result of liberal migratory policy and multicultural model of newcomers’ integration.
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Acolin, Arthur. "Housing trajectories of immigrants and their children in France: Between integration and stratification." Urban Studies 56, no. 10 (September 13, 2018): 2021–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018782656.
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Immigrants have been found to exhibit different housing tenure patterns from the rest of the population in a number of contexts. This article tests whether observed differences in tenure in France can be explained by differences in socio-demographic characteristics or whether unexplained differences might result from housing market mechanisms that affect immigrants differentially from the rest of the population, and extends this to the second generation. The article relies on data from TeO, a survey of 21,761 persons designed to oversample and identify immigrants and their children, providing information about the outcomes of children of immigrants that is otherwise lacking in French statistics. The results indicate that while immigrants are significantly less likely to be homeowners, even after controlling for compositional difference, the gap in homeownership between the second generation and the rest of the population is smaller and not statistically significant. This suggests a progressive integration in the housing market over time and over generations rather than overall stratified housing trajectories. Differences in terms of the share of social housing residents, the level of residential crowding, and housing and neighbourhood characteristics also decline across generations. However, children of immigrants from some non-European origins are experiencing higher levels of stratification than other groups, with continued significant differences in tenure.
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Calandre, Natacha, and Evelyne Ribert. "Sharing norms and adapting habits. The eating practices of immigrants and immigrants’ children from Malian and Moroccan origins in France." Social Science Information 58, no. 1 (March 2019): 141–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018419843408.
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This article presents the results of a comparative study conducted in France, Mali, and Morocco, and it seeks to understand the food cultures of immigrants and immigrants’ children, as well as their evolution across space and time. This survey shows that, according to the context, children reproduce certain of their parents’ norms, representations, and practices, as well as some that are dominating in the country of origin, which are also transformed on a local and on a global scale. There is no transition to a model that would break with the old one and would superimpose on that of the society of residence. The various eating styles of immigrants, as well as of immigrants’ children, fashion themselves and are transformed according to the evolution of family situations, socio-cultural characteristics, and economic resources. Individuals adapt to different social and commensal situations, shifting from a cultural register to another.
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Seabra, Teresa, and Sandra Mateus. "School achievement, social conditions and ethnicity: Immigrants’ children in basic schooling in Portugal." Portugese Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 17, 2011): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pjss.10.1.73_1.
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Armet, Stephen. "Patterns of Socialization among New Latino Immigrants in Comparative Historical Perspective." Journal of Research in Philosophy and History 5, no. 2 (May 24, 2022): p74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jrph.v5n2p74.
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Education is a bridge enabling children of low-skilled immigrants to access higher tiered professions in a segmented labor force in order to experience socio-economic gains and social mobility. Historically, Catholic immigrants (Irish, Polish, Italian and German) have been served by the parish school which provided a basis for household integration and economic advancement in American society. This paper explores the relationship between the parish school as an agent of socialization and children of new Catholic Latino immigrants. Comparative historical analysis of old and new patterns of immigration serves to demonstrate how the mediating role of the parish school has changed. Qualitative analysis contributes to a theory of institutionally generated social capital which is operationalized by measures of communitarian socialization. Using data from the Consortium of Chicago School Research, I use ordered logit regression to measure the effect of high school socialization patterns on student’s pro-social outcomes. I find that contrary to national data, Catholic high schools in Chicago are enrolling higher percentages of Latinos, a majority of whom are children of immigrants. A school climate characterized by affective support and inspirational ideology are significantly related to pro-social outcomes, while intergenerational closure is not. These findings are important because the parish school has a legacy of contributing to conditions necessary for children of immigrants to experience upward mobility.
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Minello, Alessandra, and Nicola Barban. "The Educational Expectations of Children of Immigrants in Italy." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 643, no. 1 (July 12, 2012): 78–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716212442666.
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In this article, the authors investigate the short-run educational expectations and long-term educational aspirations of the children of immigrants living in Italy and attending eighth grade. The authors look at educational ambition, both as a predictor of educational choice and as a measure of social integration. They consider both secondary-school track and university goals. Data come from the ITAGEN2 survey (2005–2006). First, the authors analyze the relationship of short-run expectations and long-term aspirations to structural (e.g., migration status and country of origin) and social (e.g., family socioeconomic status and friendship ties) conditions. The latter seem to be determinants of both expectations and aspirations, but long-term educational aspirations are not associated with migration status. Second, the authors investigate the relevance of context in delineating educational attitudes. The authors performed a multilevel analysis including both individual- and school-level variables. Their results show that attending a school where most of the Italian pupils have high educational expectations may lead children of immigrants to enhance their own aspirations.
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Vinogradova, Natalya. "The Problem of Teaching Children of Immigrants in the Russian Federation." Primary Education 9, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0728-2021-9-3-7-9.
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The publication proposes to discuss the problem of teaching children of immigrants who have arrived in our country and need to adapt to the new social, linguistic and cultural environment. The principles underlying the organization of education for children of immigrants in the Russian Federation, and the conditions for their education in educational institutions of our country, which were formulated at a meeting of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Interethnic Relations on March 30, 2021, are given. The content of the state order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation to the Federal State the budgetary scientific institution “Institute of Education Development
Strategy of the Russian Academy of Education” to study the difficulties faced by children of immigrants in the process of adaptation. The result of the study should be the creation of a set of guidelines for teachers organizing the work of classes in which children of immigrants study.
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Padilla, Yolanda C., Melissa Dalton Radey, Robert A. Hummer, and Eunjeong Kim. "The Living Conditions of U.S.-Born Children of Mexican Immigrants in Unmarried Families." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 28, no. 3 (August 2006): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986306290367.
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Bévière, Bénédicte, and Anne-Marie Duguet. "Access to Health Care for Illegal Immigrants: A Specific Organisation in France." European Journal of Health Law 18, no. 1 (2011): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180911x551899.
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AbstractHealth care is a fundamental human right in Europe, and all Member States recognise everyone’s right to the access to preventive healthcare and to receive medical care in the event of sickness or pregnancy. Nevertheless, this right is focused on citizens and the application to migrants, particularly undocumented migrants, varies widely in the EU. The French legislation is organized with a humanitarian approach. In this article, the authors present the French system of social protection, the “Couverture médicale universelle” or CMU, which provides the same protection to asylum seekers and documented immigrants as to nationals, and the “Aide médicale d’état” or AME, that is open to every person who does not fulfil the legal conditions to obtain the CMU, such as illegal immigrants. Created in 1995, recently access to the AME has been restricted. A claim of discrimination has been rejected by the Conseil d’Etat and 215 000 persons received the AME in 2009. The expenses incurred by the AME increased by 17% in 2010, and there is a debate in Parliament to limit care and to ask the recipient for a financial contribution.
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Rygiel, Philippe. "What became of the second generation? The children of European immigrants in France between the world wars." History of the Family 10, no. 1 (January 2005): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hisfam.2004.03.006.
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Drouhot, Lucas G., and Victor Nee. "Assimilation and the Second Generation in Europe and America: Blending and Segregating Social Dynamics Between Immigrants and Natives." Annual Review of Sociology 45, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041335.
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The diversity induced by migration flows to Western societies has continued to generate scholarly attention, and a sizable new body of work on immigrant incorporation has been produced in the past ten years. We review recent work in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain. Despite differences between the United States as a settler society and Western Europe as a composite of classic nation states, we find an overall pattern of intergenerational assimilation in terms of socioeconomic attainment, social relations, and cultural beliefs. We then qualify this perspective by considering sources of disadvantage for immigrants on both sides of the Atlantic. In the United States, the lack of legal status is particularly problematic; in Europe, by contrast, religious difference is the most prominent social factor complicating assimilation. We proffer several general propositions summarizing mechanisms embedded in purposive action, social networks, cultural difference,and institutional structures that drive the interplay of blending and segregating dynamics in the incorporation of immigrants and their children.
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Lichter, Daniel T., and Kenneth M. Johnson. "Opportunity and Place: Latino Children and America’s Future." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 696, no. 1 (July 2021): 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162211039504.
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We examine the spatial distribution of Hispanic children and analyze its relationship to the geography of opportunity. We describe the spatial distribution of Hispanic children across all U.S. counties, document their exposure to salutary and deleterious conditions, and compare exposure to these conditions among children living in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties that represent traditional and new destinations for immigrants. We find clear evidence of racial and geographic differences in opportunity, at least as defined by spatially uneven patterns of intergenerational mobility. We show that the typical Hispanic child is highly isolated, living in a county with a majority-minority population, high rates of poverty, low levels of education, and poor public health. Opportunities are limited in metropolitan core counties, where the large majority of Hispanic children live, and the movement of immigrant families from traditional gateways to new destinations provides little to children in terms of exposure to more opportunity.
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Quintano, Claudio, Paolo Mazzocchi, and Antonella Rocca. "Immigrants in the EU5 labour markets: what happened during the economic crisis?" International Journal of Manpower 41, no. 1 (September 11, 2019): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-07-2017-0161.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand: whether the changes that have occurred in migrants’ conditions over time are smaller than the differences in their conditions existing across countries; and whether the comparison between immigrants and native-born conditions allows the verification of the levels of disparities between them and, therefore, the relative disadvantage suffered by migrant. After a general overview of the 28 European Union countries, this paper analyses the changes that have occurred from 2006 to 2017 in the conditions of migrants in the labour market in the big five European countries (Italy, Spain, France, Germany and the UK). Design/methodology/approach Various statistical methodologies were used. First, to gain an overall picture, taking into account both the spatial and the temporal dimensions, dynamic factor analysis (DFA) was applied. Second, time-dependent and cross-sectional time-series models were estimated to better understand the DFA results. Findings The results highlight very different scenarios in terms of labour market vulnerabilities, both affecting immigrants and native-born workers. The results also highlight the existence of a very complex framework, due to the high heterogeneity of immigrants’ characteristics and labour market capacities to integrate migrants and also to promote good conditions for the native-born population. Originality/value The picture emerging from this study and the evaluation of the policies and legislation in force to cope with migration and to promote integration suggests some reflections on the most efficacious actions to take in order to improve migrants’ integration, counteracting social exclusion and promoting economic growth.
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Douniès, Thomas. "An impossible public problem or the paradox of activist resistance: Unwillingly depoliticizing immigrants’ schooling in France." education policy analysis archives 29 (May 24, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.5719.
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In France as in other European countries, access to education for immigrants beyond compulsory schooling is selectively achieved, through a triage implemented by education administrations. Support organizations are increasingly solicited on this matter. Considering the twofold policy role of non-profits which both act as advocates and providers, this paper sheds light on the reciprocal relationship between the way activists manage enrollment in education and the way this issue is framed in the public sphere. Indeed, militants play a gatekeeping role and can discretely negotiate the access to school at the margins of the official institution. Nevertheless, because this struggle for education is individualized and silent, this issue is not likely to become a public and visible cause, around which a political reaction from public authorities could be claimed. Hence, while they largely counteract the infringement of the right to education, the actions of activists paradoxically participate in making it socially acceptable. That is why, beyond the case of immigrant education, the analysis eventually provides an empirical understanding of the social conditions of the construction of education public problems.
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Soehl, Thomas. "Mode of Difference and Resource for Resilience: How Religion Shapes Experiences of Discrimination of the Second Generation in France." International Migration Review 54, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 796–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918319882628.
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There are two sides to cultural practices such as religion: on the one hand, they connect families across generations and space and can embed resources. On the other, as is the case with Muslim immigrants in Europe, they can become markers of difference and create social distance. Drawing on data on the schooling experiences of children of immigrants in France and on information concerning their religious and linguistic family context when growing up, this article maps these two aspects. Although those growing up in Muslim families are significantly more likely to report discrimination than those from Christian or nonreligious families, neither the degree of religiosity nor the presence of parental home-country language was associated with the probability of reporting discrimination. However, for those growing up in Muslim families, a religious family environment seems to protect against negative reactions such as losing interest in academic matters, whereas no such effects are found in Christian families or for home-country language. These findings show that religion is not only a consequential symbolic barrier that Muslims encounter in Europe but also, for those who are religious, a resource to cope with experiences of exclusion — a constellation that may prove consequential for dynamics of integration.
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Aslan, Pinar, Nader Ahmadi, Stefan Sjöberg, and Eva Wikström. "What Works? Family Influences on Occupational Aspirations among Descendants of Middle Eastern Immigrants on the Swedish Labour Market." Nordic Journal of Social Research 9 (January 9, 2019): 134–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/njsr.2235.
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In this article, we examine family influences on occupational aspirations among employed descendants of Middle Eastern immigrants. Using a qualitative approach, we conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with native-born descendants of Middle Eastern immigrants. We present and analyse their interpretations of their parents’ experiences and living conditions before, during and after migration and demonstrate how these interpretations shaped their own occupational aspirations. We discuss parents’ high expectations of their children in relation to ethnic-community valuations of educational and occupational achievements. These high expectations may increase the chances of social mobility but can also become a negative pressure, especially if parents set high standards but cannot help their children to meet those expectations. In these cases, older siblings who possess valuable knowledge of the educational system and labour market can function as important transferrers of resources.
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WEST, ANNE, AGNES BLOME, and JANE LEWIS. "What characteristics of funding, provision and regulation are associated with effective social investment in ECEC in England, France and Germany?" Journal of Social Policy 49, no. 4 (July 29, 2019): 681–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000631.
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AbstractEarly childhood education and care (ECEC) is seen as a crucial element of the social investment state. Whilst the extent of social investment in ECEC depends on financial expenditure, its effectiveness depends on certain conditions being met: namely, affordable, high quality provision being available. We explore policy development and the role played by government in the funding, provision and regulation of ECEC in England, France and Germany and then compare availability, affordability and quality. We argue that for children aged three and over, social investment can be deemed to be broadly effective in France and Germany, but in England quality is compromised by low staff qualification levels in private childcare centres. For children under three, effective social investment is elusive in all countries, although as a result of different conditions not being met. Our findings lead us to question the limitations of the concept of social investment in ECEC, particularly in marketised contexts.
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Mülberger, Annette. "Ciencia y política en tiempos de guerra fría: un examen psicológico de niños españoles en el exilio." Universitas Psychologica 13, no. 5 (June 11, 2014): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy13-5.cptg.
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During the Second World War, physicians, psychiatrists, social workers, and psychologists developed a growing interest in studying the effect war had on the bodies and minds of children. Many of the observations were carried out in the 1940s in France, Great Britain, and the United States. With respect to the Spanish youth, no such interest related to the Civil War is known. The present article deals with a psychological study undertaken towards the end of the 1940s in France by a Spanish physician (named A. Piñar) with exiled children and teenagers, a study ignored up to now. The physician aimed at knowing what memories the children had from their experiences of the Civil War and the World War II, as well as evaluating the psychological consequences of these experiences. The study constitutes one of the few examples of a research exposing in a synthetic and clear way the emotional state of the Spanish youth at that time. It is important to situate the study in its scientific and historical context, with a particular focus on the political interests of the author. The physician called for medical and humanitarian attention to young immigrants. However, the historical moment was rather inconvenient for this, due to the new political situation marked by the Cold War.
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Alba, Richard, and Nancy Foner. "Comparing Immigrant Integration in North America and Western Europe: How much do the Grand Narratives Tell Us?" International Migration Review 48, no. 1_suppl (September 2014): 263–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12134.
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In comparing different countries, studies often seek to account for the success of immigrant integration, or lack of it, in a small number of “grand ideas,” such as nationally specific “models” of integration, which attempt to provide overarching explanations for cross-national differences and similarities. This article evaluates five grand ideas in light of our study examining how four European (Britain, France, Germany, and the Netherlands) and two North American (U.S., Canada) countries are meeting the challenges of integrating immigrants and their second-generation children across a variety of domains from the labor market, to the educational system, to the polity. We conclude that while some of the grand ideas help to illuminate patterns of integration in particular domains, none provides a sufficiently encompassing explanation – and each has significant failings. Moreover, none of these ideas highlights all of the features that we argue are critical, although these do not boil down to one “grand narrative.” These features are the characteristics or qualities that immigrants bring with them when they move to Europe or North America; demographic and other social and economic trends there; and, perhaps most important, historically rooted social, political, and economic institutions in each receiving society that create barriers as well as bridges to integration and inclusion.
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Jaynes, Gerald D. "MIGRATION AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 4, no. 1 (2007): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x07070026.
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AbstractThe dawn of the twenty-first century confronts Western democracies with a racialized class problem. The globalization of capitalism—mass geographic movement of peoples, capital, and markets on scales unprecedented since the Atlantic slave trade—has brought poor migrants into affluent nations. Migrants' descendants are replicating conditions associated with poor Blacks. Affluent Western democracies are hurtling toward biplural stratification defined by a multiracial underclass. Racialized class stratification stems from economic policies. Capitalist democracies' edifice of social policies—sanctioning expectations of rising prosperity, welfare “safety nets” for minimal consumption, low-wage migration policies—erroneously assumed that jobs and wages would continuously grow to absorb expanding populations. Overuse of low-wage migration policies commodified work relations in low-skilled jobs. Acculturated to demand affluent living standards and egalitarian human relations, educationally deprived descendants of migrants find commodified work regimens repellent. Despite large populations of jobless natives, some maintain that affluent democracies need more migrants to do the jobs that natives won't do. But jobless youth are alienated and prone to agency, as riots in England, the United States, and, more recently, France and other areas of Europe suggest. To avert the solidification of biplural societies, social policy must slow rates of migration from low living-standard economies, expand minimum wages and income transfers to working-citizen households, and provide documented immigrants clear avenues to citizenship. This agenda is more likely to succeed in the United States, where minority voting strength is gathering considerable momentum.
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Hargis, Holly. "Recorded Participant Ethnography in Family Homes: Children, Social Class, and the Role of the Researcher." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 146, no. 1 (April 2020): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0759106320908221.
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Although ethnography has been a methodology used for years by anthropologists and sociologists, few researchers have entered the homes of children for extended periods of time in order to observe childhood and childrearing practices. The methodology discussed in this article notably permits the researcher to observe child socialization among family members first-hand. Based on seven-months of ethnographic observations among four families from differing social backgrounds in the Ile-de-France region of France, the article discusses how this recorded participant ethnography was set up. The article shows that the researcher held different roles in the families and that these roles varied according to social milieu. Through first analyzing the conditions of these observations among the families, the article provides empirical evidence of the social differentiation of children's daily lives.
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Ghoroubi, Narges, Emilie Counil, and Myriam Khlat. "Socio-Demographic Composition and Potential Occupational Exposure to SARS-CoV2 under Routine Working Conditions among Key Workers in France." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 7741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137741.
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This study aims to describe the socio-demographic profile of so-called “key workers” during the first lockdown in France and to assess their potential occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 under routine, pre-pandemic working conditions. We used the French list of essential jobs that was issued during the first lockdown to identify three subgroups of key workers (hospital healthcare, non-hospital healthcare, non-healthcare). Based on the population-based “Conditions de travail-2019” survey, we described the socio-demographic composition of key workers and their potential work-related exposures (to “infectious agents,” “face-to-face contact with the public,” and “working with colleagues”) using modified Poisson regression. In general, women, clerical and manual workers, workers on temporary contracts, those with lower education and income, and non-European immigrants were more likely to be key workers, who accounted for 22% of the active population. Non-healthcare essential workers (57%) were the most socially disadvantaged, while non-hospital healthcare workers (19%) were polarized at both extremes of the social scale; hospital healthcare workers (24%) were intermediate. Compared to non-key workers, all subgroups had greater exposure to infectious agents and more physical contact with the public. This study provides evidence of accumulated disadvantages among key workers concerning their social background, geographical origin, and potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
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Camacho, Sayil, and Sarah Clark Henderson. "The Social Determinants of Adverse Childhood Experiences: An Intersectional Analysis of Place, Access to Resources, and Compounding Effects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 10670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710670.
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Children across all races/ethnicities and income levels experience adverse childhood experiences (ACEs); however, historically excluded children and families must contend with added adversities across ecological levels and within higher-risk conditions due to systemic inequality. In this grounded theory study, the authors examined how health and social service providers (N = 81) from rural and urban counties in Tennessee provided services to low-income families, children exposed to opioids, and children of immigrants. Guided by an intersectional framework, the authors examined how rural and urban settings shaped higher risk conditions for ACEs and impeded access to resources at the individual, group, and community levels. Findings from this study identified additionally marginalized subpopulations and demonstrated how inequitable environments intersect and compound the effects of ACEs. The authors present their Intersectional Nature of ACEs Framework to showcase the relationship between high-risk conditions and sociopolitical and economic circumstances that can worsen the effects of ACEs. Ultimately, the Intersectional Nature of Aces Framework differentiates between ACEs that are consequences of social inequities and ACEs that are inflicted directly by a person. This framework better equips ACEs scholars, policymakers, and stakeholders to address the root causes of inequality and mitigate the effects of ACEs among historically excluded populations.
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VanHeuvelen, Tom, and Robert V. Robinson. "“And Who Is My Brother?” The Scope of Religious Communitarianism in Europe." Social Currents 4, no. 5 (January 13, 2017): 482–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496516686618.
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Analyzing 40 countries in the 2008–2009 European Values Study (EVS), we test hypotheses that three religion dimensions—religious orthodoxy (believing), involvement in religious services and organizations (behaving), and affiliation with religious traditions (belonging)—are associated with economic communitarianism as opposed to individualism and with extending economic concern universalistically to all social categories. The EVS assesses respondents’ concern for the living conditions of social categories ranging from their immediate family to all humankind, as well as for vulnerable social categories—the elderly, the sick and disabled, poor children, the unemployed, and immigrants. While we find that Protestants are in some respects limited and exclusive in extending economic communitarianism, two of the most important factors in concern for the well-being of others and in universalistically extending this are religious orthodoxy and involvement in religion. Moreover, the orthodox and the religiously involved are more likely to express concern for the well-being of immigrants. We conclude that people of faith are far less exclusive and particularistic than less religious people in their economic concern for others, suggesting they could support welfare state efforts within their countries, bailouts to help weaker economies in Europe, and foreign aid to improve the conditions of those living in poorer countries.
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Кашницкий, Илья, Данил Аракелян, Софья Ахманаева, Анна Бежанишвили, Никита Ганжа, Наталия Клименко, and Юлия Лонщикова. "Демографический дайджест." Демографическое обозрение 4, no. 3 (December 22, 2017): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v4i3.7323.
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Leopold T., M. Kalmijn. Is divorce more painful when couples have children? Evidence from Long-term panel data on multiple domains of well-being
Billari F.C., A.C. Liefbroer. Why still marry? The role of feelings in the persistence of marriage as an institution
Beaujouan E. Second unions now more stable than first? A comparison of separation risks by union order in France
Napierała J., A. Wojtyńska. Trapped in migrants’ sectors? Polish women in the Icelandic labour market
Bonenkamp J., L. Meijdam, E. Ponds, E. Westerhout. Ageing-driven pension reforms
Cools S., S. Markussen, M. Strøm. Children and careers: how family size affects parents’ labor market outcomes in the long run
McEwen C.A., B.S. McEwen. Social structure, adversity, toxic stress, and intergenerational poverty: an early childhood model
Auer D., G. Bonoli, F. Fossati. Why do immigrants have longer periods of unemployment? Swiss evidence
Glaeser E.L., B.M. Steinberg. Transforming cities: does urbanization promote democratic change?
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Kapitsyn, Vladimir M., and Alexander E. Shaparov. "Foreign-culture immigrants in Denmark's political agenda." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 12, no. 4 (2021): 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2021.12.4.749.
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This article examines the political discourse on foreign-culture immigrants, that forms the agenda of the Danish government. The difficulties of integrating migrants increase with the influx of asylum seekers and family reunification, when the rate of their admission exceeds the rate of naturalisation (absorption) of diasporas, that Danes see as a threat to social cohesion. A “preventive” immigration policy has emerged, demonstrating significant restrictions that reduce the influx of refugees. The discourse of restrictive policy supported by the electorate determined the government's agenda based on agreements between the center-left Social Democratic Party, the center-right Liberal Party of Wenströ, and the far-right Danish National Party (DNP) with its anti-immigrant agenda. At the same time, the ruling parties, weakening the support of the extreme right-wing parties, "intercept" the provisions of the DNP programme. Restrictions on the political agenda concern mainly foreign-culture immigrants: strict regulation of the admission of asylum seekers, granting a residence permit, family reunification, initial distribution to municipalities and resettlement of immigrant "ghettos". This is combined with the education of immigrants based on the values of social cohesion, work for the welfare state, and the inclusion of immigrant children in educational institutions. The discourse also includes the issues of deportation of immigrants, including asylum seekers, who commit crimes, the detention of asylum seekers not in Denmark and the EU countries, but in third countries that the government intends to make special agreements with. Taking into account the difficulties of returning refugees to the countries of origin, even if life there has become safer, this option is considered the most optimum, and appropriate work is being carried out in this direction. The EU leadership condemns such a policy, but in the conditions of the weakness of its immigration policy, legal collisions, as well as the weakening of the solidarity of the Union members, there is no political opportunity from the outside to forcibly adjust the Danish state policy. In other EU countries, Denmark's preventive restrictive policy can be perceived as a positive model for the reception and integration of refugees of other cultures. The Danish experience is also useful for Russia, where problems arise in working with foreign-culture diasporas. In addition, such restrictive policies are helping to strengthen mobilisation mechanisms to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Kalkowska, Magda. "Experiences in the integration of children and young people of Polish descent in Germany. Empirical contributions." Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja 11, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kse.2017.11.12.
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The accommodation of children and young people of foreign descent to new life conditions and educational challenges abroad is a process that takes place primarily in the context of social interactions. The aim of the article below is to present selected experiences in terms of integrating schoolchildren of Polish origin in Germany. The author considers the presentation of school space as an integration microcosm of its own to be of particular importance. It is worth noting that the German educational system in the present form often discriminates against schoolchildren of foreign descent and limits the opportunities for further education. The author’s own empirical verifications served as the research illustration in the text. The verifications, though carried out on a small sample, indicate some timeless trends among young Polish immigrants.
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Warszawski, Josiane, Laurence Meyer, Jeanna-Eve Franck, Delphine Rahib, Nathalie Lydié, Anne Gosselin, Emilie Counil, et al. "Trends in social exposure to SARS-Cov-2 in France. Evidence from the national socio-epidemiological cohort–EPICOV." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 25, 2022): e0267725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267725.
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Background We aimed to study whether social patterns of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection changed in France throughout the year 2020, in light to the easing of social contact restrictions. Methods A population-based cohort of individuals aged 15 years or over was randomly selected from the national tax register to collect socio-economic data, migration history, and living conditions in May and November 2020. Home self-sampling on dried blood was proposed to a 10% random subsample in May and to all in November. A positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG result against the virus spike protein (ELISA-S) was the primary outcome. The design, including sampling and post-stratification weights, was taken into account in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Of the 134,391 participants in May, 107,759 completed the second questionnaire in November, and respectively 12,114 and 63,524 were tested. The national ELISA-S seroprevalence was 4.5% [95%CI: 4.0%-5.1%] in May and 6.2% [5.9%-6.6%] in November. It increased markedly in 18-24-year-old population from 4.8% to 10.0%, and among second-generation immigrants from outside Europe from 5.9% to 14.4%. This group remained strongly associated with seropositivity in November, after controlling for any contextual or individual variables, with an adjusted OR of 2.1 [1.7–2.7], compared to the majority population. In both periods, seroprevalence remained higher in healthcare professions than in other occupations. Conclusion The risk of Covid-19 infection increased among young people and second-generation migrants between the first and second epidemic waves, in a context of less strict social restrictions, which seems to have reinforced territorialized socialization among peers.
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Mandel, Maud S. "One Nation Indivisible: Contemporary Western European Immigration Policies and the Politics of Multiculturalism." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.4.1.89.
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Since World War II, policies with regard to immigrant populations have changed dramatically and repeatedly throughout Western Europe. From 1945 to 1955, Western European nations absorbed an enormous number of refugees uprooted during the war. Until the 1970s, governments did not limit migration, nor did they formulate comprehensive social policies toward these new immigrants. Indeed, from the mid-1950s until 1973, most Western European governments, interested in facilitating economic growth, allowed businesses and large corporations to seek cheap immigrant labor abroad. As Georges Tapinos points out, “For the short term, the conditions of the labor market [and] the rhythm of economic growth . . . determined the flux of migrations” (422). France, Britain, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands welcomed the generally young, single male migrants as a cheap labor force, treating them as guest workers. As a result, few governments instituted social policies to ease the workers’ transition to their new environments. Policies began to change in the 1960s when political leaders, intent on gaining control over the haphazard approach to immigration that had dominated the previous 20 years, slowly began to formulate educational measures and social policies aimed at integrating newcomers.
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Vatamanyuk, Anastasiya. "Spain's benefits in providing refugees with social services." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 39 (June 16, 2019): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.39.110-115.
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The main idea of the article is survey the conditions provided by Spain the EU countries for migrants, especially Spain.. It reporters that government of EU countries gives different social aids for people seeking a sylum. First, author describes different social sources from EU countries such as Germany, Sweden, Italy, Greek, France and Great Britany. The article highlights issues such as the provision of temporary housing for refugees, cash benefits, employment opportunities and medical services. Then, particularly closely, author considers that migrants might have many benefits provided by the Spanish Government for refugees and for migrants with outrefugee status to compare with other countries. It spokes in detail about conditions for obtaining refugee status, penalties in case of violation of the law by illegal migrants and the conditions of their detention, medical and legal services, language courses, accommodations, and soon. In addition, the articles notes about help for minor children. To sum up, author stressed that migrants should be research for conditions of giving aids, rules and mentality of country for currently time.
Keywords: refugees, Spain, migrants, EU countries, social services, humanitarian status.
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Shaidenko, Nadezhda Anatolievna, Elena Yakovlevna Orekhova, Alexander Nikolaevich Sergeev, and Svetlana Nikolaevna Kipurova. "State family policy in France and Russia." SHS Web of Conferences 121 (2021): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112103013.
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State family policy and its important direction, which is the improvement of the living conditions of orphans and children left without parental care, require constant updating due to socio-economic and political circumstances. Changes should concern both the state level and the level of specific regions. The improvement of the forms and methods of relations between the state, family and children in a particular country is possible with the consideration of the advanced achievements and miscalculations of other states in this policy. Therefore, it is highly important for the theory and practice of the development of Russian family state and regional policy to study the experience of France. The study made it possible to draw conclusions about the specifics of state policy in the formation of family and childhood in France. In this period, family policy in France has gone from exclusion from the family by the school to a discourse of cooperation. Particular attention is paid to the French School Orientation and Reform Act of June 8, 2013, of particular interest. It recognizes the importance of establishing partnerships between the school and the family and proposes measures of cooperation between school and family, some of which are interesting for contemporary Russian reality. The article shows the advantage of modern Russian family state policy by characterizing its goals, principles and objectives defined in the main regulatory documents of the last decade. The materials of the article are of practical value for legislators and heads of social services of different levels, specialists of educational authorities, social protection, guardianship and trusteeship. The article is of interest to teachers and students of pedagogical universities.
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Panizzolo, Claudia. "The Daily Life of Italian and Italian-Descendant Children in Tenements, Work and School (Sao Paulo, Late 19th And Early 20th Century)." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 8, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.365.
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From the late 19th century onwards, men, women and children from the Italian peninsula started playing an increasingly relevant role in the history of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The text herein aims to investigate the presence of Italian and Italian-descendant children in Sao Paulo, especially among the lower social classes, focusing on their daily survival conditions and also in their roles as workers and students. In order to carry out this investigation, our time frame spans the two last decades of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century – a period of significant arrivals of Italian immigrants to Sao Paulo. It was also a fruitful time in terms of the creation of Italian Schools and School Groups in neighborhoods where immigrants lived, as well as the creation of media content, written in both Italian and Portuguese, covering everyday life in factories and houses. Document analysis of references from Cultural History and the History of Childhood, as well as newspapers, official letters, consular dispatches and reports, public school yearbooks and publications about the city of Sao Paulo was performed. This revealed that Italian and Italian-descendant children learned, together with their parents, to live, coexist and survive living in unhealthy places, with little or no access to city benefits, usually with insufficient or inadequate food. Despite the many barriers to attending school, many parents faced strenuous sacrifices so that their children could go to an Italian School or to a Sao Paulo public school.
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Blake, Renée, and Cara Shousterman. "Second generation West Indian Americans and English in New York City." English Today 26, no. 3 (August 24, 2010): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078410000234.
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Within American sociolinguistics there is a substantial body of research on race as a social variable that conditions language behavior, particularly with regard to black speakers of African American English (AAE) in contact with their white neighbors (e.g., Wolfram, 1971; Rickford, 1985; Myhill, 1986; Bailey, 2001; Cukor-Avila, 2001). Today, the communities that sociolinguists study are more multi-layered than ever, particularly in a metropolis like New York City, thus warranting more complex analyses of the interaction between race and language. Along these lines, Spears (1988) notes the sorely underestimated social and linguistic heterogeneity of the black population in the U.S., which needs to be considered in studies of the language of black speakers. This critique is addressed in work of Winer and Jack (1997), as well as Nero (2001), for example, on the use of Caribbean English in New York City. These two studies broaden our notions of the Englishes spoken in the United States by black people, particularly first generation immigrants. The current research goes one step further with an examination of the English spoken by children of black immigrants to New York City.We focus on second generation Caribbean populations whose parents migrated from the English-speaking Caribbean to the United States, and who commonly refer to themselves as West Indians.
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Lee, Crystal Chen, Sibel Akin-Sabuncu, A. Lin Goodwin, and Seung Eun McDevitt. "Teachers for Immigrant Students: A Systematic Literature Review Across Hong Kong, Turkey, and the United States." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 123, no. 12 (December 2021): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681211070871.
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Background: Diversity across the world is changing, given the growing number of immigrant children in schools. These increases in transnational mobility have teachers struggling to reconsider their everyday practices to accommodate many more newcomers in their classrooms. The need for teachers to become more responsive to changing social conditions and student populations is gaining urgency. Purpose: Our purpose in this study is to gain insight into what the literature says about educating immigrant children through the lens of social justice in Turkey, the United States, and Hong Kong, as each context presents a distinct case of immigration. Research Design: We conduct a systematic literature review on 87 articles, selected from teaching and teacher education journals. In light of documented inequities experienced by immigrant children, we conduct our review within a framework of teaching immigrant students globally within, versus parallel to, the field of teaching for social justice. Findings: Through cross-jurisdiction inquiry, our findings reveal both examples and counterexamples of teaching for social justice, categorized into three cross-cutting themes: (a) Ways of Teaching, (b) Ways of Knowing, and (c) Ways of Seeing. Among the literature, we found a significant focus on language acquisition in the teaching of immigrant students. Another pattern was the ways in which teachers and teacher education value (or not) immigrant students’ funds of knowledge by building on (or rejecting) what students and their communities bring to their learning. Finally, our review demonstrated how teacher educators and teachers encourage, challenge, and teach preservice teachers and students to work against institutional and societal structures that are oppressive for immigrant students. Conclusion: The global reality of superdiversity among immigrant students calls on teachers to be pedagogically adept to respect and support multiple ways of teaching, knowing, and seeing. Research on social justice education for immigrants needs to move beyond language acquisition/deficit as the primary lens for analysis to consider the assets that immigrants bring to classrooms. Despite the differences in the experiences of (im)migrant students in each of the national contexts, social justice must be embedded in teacher education to ensure inclusive and culturally responsive teaching for all.
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Clark, David J., and Thomas M. Crisp. "Immigration Ethics: Sacred and Secular." Religions 14, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010001.
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The U.S. and other nation-states regularly impose horrific harm on immigrants, would-be immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers: ‘migrants’, for short. Migrants are regularly separated from their spouses and children, detained for long periods under brutal and dehumanizing conditions, forced to live in squalid camps, threatened with state-sanctioned violence, deported to foreign lands in which they have little social connection or means of support, forcibly prevented from fleeing violence and poverty, and more. The vast majority of migrants subject to such treatment are non-criminal people looking for honest work, hoping to make a better life for themselves and their children. In this paper, we will argue that the plausibility of the usual justifications for such harms to migrants depends importantly on the metaphysical framework from which one approaches the ethics of immigration. We will argue that, from within a secular framework, in which God plays no role in matters moral, there is at least a surface-level plausibility to some of the standard justifications for harms to migrants in service of border control, but that given a theistic framework of the sort at the heart of Judaism and Christianity, the usual justifications for such harms falls flat: none are even remotely plausible. The upshot of this, we shall urge, is that denizens of those religious traditions should support a policy of nearly open borders.
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Desjardins, Bertrand, Alain Bideau, and Guy Brunet. "Age of mother at last birth in two historical populations." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 4 (October 1994): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021635.
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SummaryThis study uses sets of historical family reconstitutions from all of Quebec and from four villages of the Haut-Jura, France—first marriages of 2226 and 994 women, respectively—to investigate the physiological and social factors affecting age of mother at last birth before and during fertility transition. Age remained high throughout the period covered in Quebec, under ‘natural’ conditions, but showed a steady decline in the French material which extends to late 19th century generations practising family limitation.Age at marriage had no influence in Quebec; in France, however, women with the most surviving children at age 35 continued childbearing the latest. There was no link between biological ability to achieve a live birth, or in health status or aging rhythm, and age at last birth. Behaviour of mothers and daughters showed no relation. The variability in age at last birth thus appears to be random under natural conditions; with the onset of controls, social differences seem to influence not only the end of childbearing, but all aspects of behaviour governing final family size and child survival.
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Vezzali, Loris, Sofia Stathi, Richard J. Crisp, Dino Giovannini, Dora Capozza, and Samuel L. Gaertner. "Imagined Intergroup Contact and Common Ingroup Identity." Social Psychology 46, no. 5 (October 2015): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000242.
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Abstract. We conducted two studies involving two different age groups (elementary school children and adults) aimed at integrating imagined contact and common ingroup identity models. In the first study, Italian elementary school children were asked to imagine interacting with an unknown immigrant peer as members of a common group. Results revealed that common ingroup imagined contact, relative to a control condition, improved outgroup helping intentions assessed 1 week and 2 weeks after the intervention. In the second study, common ingroup imagined contact led Italian university students to display higher intentions to have contact with immigrants compared to control conditions. In conclusion, results from both studies demonstrate that imagining an intergroup interaction as members of the same group strengthens the effects of imagined contact. These findings point to the importance of combining the common ingroup identity model and the imagined contact theory in order to increase the potentiality of prejudice reduction interventions.
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WANGMO, TENZIN. "Changing expectations of care among older Tibetans living in India and Switzerland." Ageing and Society 30, no. 5 (March 16, 2010): 879–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10000085.
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ABSTRACTUsing interview data from 30 Tibetan elders living in India and Switzerland, the paper explores the support they received, their perception of intergenerational relationships, and their acceptance of different levels of intergenerational exchange. All of the sample had aged in either India or Switzerland and so provide excellent comparison groups, from respectively a developing and a developed country, by which to study changing filial piety with time, context and socio-economic conditions. With limited resources in old age, most of the participants in India needed financial support. Among them, parents with many children and children in developed countries received better financial support and collective care than those with one child or all children living in India. In contrast, the participants in Switzerland were entitled to state old-age benefits, and so required mainly affirmation and emotional support. A consequence of living in a developed nation was dissatisfaction when the children adopted western values and the family's cultural continuity was threatened. The findings support two recommendations: in developing countries, the provision of old-age benefits to ensure a minimum level of financial security and independence among older adults; and in developed countries, the promotion of a mutual understanding of filial piety among different generations of older refugees and immigrants to help ameliorate intergenerational differences.
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Surgova, Svitlana, and Olena Faichuk. "STATE POLICY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AS A SOCIAL SAFETY FACTOR: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM THE 17th to 21th CENTURIES." Public Administration and Regional Development, no. 13 (September 8, 2021): 752–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34132/pard2021.13.09.
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The historical aspect of the development of state social policy of social protection of children in Europe from the 17th to 21th centuries is considered in the article. The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the historical development of the state policy of social protection of children in European countries of the 17th to 21th centuries and learning from the experience of social protection of children in the context of Ukraine's European integration. The regulatory framework of the system of social protection of children in Ukraine has been studied. The statistic on different categories of children in need of social protection by the state is analyzed. The structure of the system of social protection of children in Ukraine is considered. The research methodology is based on the principle of priority of universal human values. As part of the tools of the proposed work the theoretical one is the analysis and generalization of scientific sources, educational and methodological publications on the theme and synthesis, as well as comparison and generalization of data. Based on the analysis of materials on the peculiarities of social protection in the UK, Germany, France, Sweden and Norway, it was determined that the social protection of children in Europe is characterized by assistance to them in providing conditions for the realization of their rights and freedoms. Equally important is the setting up of various charitable institutions, schools, penal colonies that help children change, as well as the emergence of social services that protect the rights and interests of children. The authors suggest that in the course of the studying the history of the issue of state policy of children’s social protection, there is an opportunity for analogies, the implementation of already proven steps on the path of democratization of national social protection policy. The researchers see the prospects for further research in the study of global innovative forms of social protection and support for at-risk children.
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Pöllmann, Andreas. "The children of immigrants at school: a comparative look at integration in the United States and Western Europe/The politics of social cohesion in Germany, France and the United Kingdom." Ethnic and Racial Studies 39, no. 8 (February 8, 2016): 1528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1124132.
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Parant, Alain. "Population and population policy: French model." Stanovnistvo 46, no. 1 (2008): 7–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv0801007p.
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Generations born today, or at least are trying to be, are scarcer than before all over the world. This decrease in the number of children is affecting modern societies in many spheres. If it was to be supported by efficient policies, it could be the source of a general improvement of life conditions. However, if this phenomenon continues or becomes drastic, it could ultimately lead to slower or faster demographic ageing, which could endanger many social heritages. Public intervention must, in that case, impinge much deeper, but without guarantees for a complete, if not permanent, success. The introductory part of the article is dedicated to the concept "demographic revolution" which was developed in 1934 by the French politician and demographer Adolphe Landry, in order to mark the development of a demographic regime which is characterized by a universally accepted practice of birth control, which represents a response for the essential concern for life standard improvement, not only for the parents but their children as well. But then, birth control is the primary cause of population ageing. The article further presents some of the most striking traits of the current French demographic situation, as its future development. France has a positive balance of population exchange with the remaining part of the world, as most of the Western European countries, but still the greatest part of its demographic increase is obtained from a larger number of births than deaths. Because of this, France is often seen as a real demographic paradise in Europe, whose population is decreasing and ageing. This image is certainly flattering, but it is becoming very contradictory after an analysis of long-term trends of fertility indicators and population ageing. The third part of the article, with the situation in France in focus, investigates the modalities and limitations of activities which a society, faced with demographic ageing and decreasing number of children, can apply: policies or simple "adjusting along the way" to demographic processes measures; policies and measures which are more intervening - even in the completely private sphere of birth-giving, and directed towards the limitation of some very unfavorable effects and not towards the change of strongly expressed tendencies of population ageing.
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Sobot, Ankica. "Understanding the gender dimension of low fertility: Employment and childbearing in Europe." Stanovnistvo 59, no. 2 (2021): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv200831005s.
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In this text, the gender dimension of low fertility is considered on the basis of the relevant literature and statistical data regarding the impact of employment on reproductive behaviour in postmodern societies. A review of fertility rates and employment rates of women with young children from 2010 onwards leads to several interesting observations. For example, during the period of study, the birth rate in Hungary increased, while it decreased in Finland by 0.4 children per woman. The most stable and relatively high fertility rates are observed in France and Sweden. At the same time, the employment rate of women with children aged three to five grew in Hungary, but the employment rate of those with children under the age of three was extremely low. In countries with higher fertility, the lowest employment rates for women with children under the age of three are in Finland and France, but they are about four times higher than the rate in Hungary. During the observed period, the employment of mothers remained stable at a relatively high level in Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands, without differences in female employment according to the age of their children. The fertility rates in these countries are relatively high. The results of empirical research in European countries suggest that the gender dimension of low fertility cannot be understood outside the specific social context, nor without considering the conditions at the micro level. Central to this consideration is the link between low fertility and women?s employment, as raising children is still gender-specific to an extent. However, men can participate in parenthood not only in terms of their reproductive behaviour, but also their right to participate in raising children. In addition, this text identifies negative perceptions of employment that refer to the modalities of worklife balance and the uncertainty regarding female and male employment. Both aspects produce certain effects on the socioeconomic position of the family, which can influence decisions relating to parenthood and the number of children the parents would like to have. In terms of taking action on low birth rates, it could be concluded that endangering families? economic status and reproducing patriarchal gender regimes are not favourable outcomes. This article provides a framework for more concrete research into these issues in Serbian society.
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Grande, Kateryna, and Leonid Nikolaiev. "Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of adolescents in a foreign cultural environment." HUMANITARIUM 44, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2308-5126-2020-44-1-42-51.
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The article considers the problem of success in psychological and sociocultural adaptation of adolescents in a foreign cultural environment. The differences in the process of adaptation in cultural and foreign cultural environment are defined. The influence of a foreign cultural environment on the development and formation of the adolescent's personality is revealed. The adaptation is a two-way process, as the immigrants try to integrate into the new environment and the locals try to accept them into their environment, although very often they oppose this process. That is why a special attention in the adaptation process of migrants should be paid to children: on the one hand, children with the different cultural traditions, values, stereotypes, and different social strata are present in one educational space, which sometimes prevents the establishment of optimal relationships among students. On the other hand, it is during childhood and adolescence that the higher values of a person are known and interiorized, which has an impact on the life concepts, formation of attitudes towards himself and others, development of various social roles and requirements and development of behavior patterns. It was found that in the effective process of adolescents’ adaptation in a foreign cultural environment an important place is occupied by the concept of integrative assertive behavior. The analysis of the factors and barriers of adolescents’ social adaptation is also presented; and modern concepts of social adaptation and integration of adolescents in a foreign cultural environment are analyzed. The essence of a socio-cultural adaptation is characterized. The adaptation conditions of ethnic migrants are analyzed. The reasons for the insufficiently successful adaptation and integration of ethnic migrants and their children are highlighted. The concepts of "migrants", "children of migrants" are defined, the correspondence and discrepancy between the conditions necessary for successful adaptation and integration, and the issues, which teenagers face in reality, are revealed.
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Zhou, Min, and Carl L. Bankston. "Social Capital and the Adaptation of the Second Generation: The Case of Vietnamese Youth in New Orleans." International Migration Review 28, no. 4 (December 1994): 821–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839402800409.
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This article investigates some of the ways in which social capital made available in an immigrant community contributes to, rather than hinders, the adaptation of the younger generation, in school and afterward. We contrast the assimilationist view with alternative arguments on ethnic resources as social capital. Based on a case study of Vietnamese youth in an immigrant community in eastern New Orleans, we explore how aspects of an immigrant culture serve as a form of social capital to affect the adaptational experiences of immigrant offspring. We have found that students who have strong adherence to traditional family values, strong commitment to a work ethic, and a high degree of personal involvement in the ethnic community tend disproportionately to receive high grades, to have definite college plans, and to score high on academic orientation. These values and tenavioral and associational patterns are consistent with the expectations of their community and reflect a high level of social integration among Vietnamese youth. The findings indicate that strong positive immigrant cultural orientations can serve as a form of social capital that promotes value conformity and constructive forms of behavior, which provide otherwise disadvantaged children with an adaptive advantage. We conclude that social capital is crucial and, under certain conditions, more important than traditional human capital for the successful adaptation of younger-generation immigrants.
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Kontogianni, Dionisia. "Η επίδραση του οικογενειακού περιβάλλοντος στην εκπαιδευτική προσαρμογή νηπίων ινδικής καταγωγής." Preschool and Primary Education 7, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ppej.18487.
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The present study focuses on families of Indian immigrants. The subjects in question come from the state of Panjab and have a Sikh religion. Purpose of the study is to show the linguistic and sociocultural conditions that the Indian preschoolers experience in their family life in Greece. As long as the family is the basic area of the children’ socialization, the culture that the children experience in their family environment specifies the linguistic and cultural background when they start attending the Greek preschool. The data of the case-study in question were gathered through the interviews given by eleven parents of the preschoolers and three kindergarten teachers. What the data analysis has shown is a tendency of linguistic and sociocultural separation of the families from the dominant language and culture. This separation has a direct impact on the children’ adaptation at school. The tendency that the analysis has shown is related to the desire of the family to preserve the ethnocultural and religious identity of their country and is increased due to the restricted role of the woman inside the family and the community. It is also supported by the social role that the temple built by the Indian community at Rethymno plays.
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Syahrin, M. Alvi, and Pramella Y. Pasaribu. "LEGAL DIALECTICS OF INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE MIGRATION DETERMINATION IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v1i1.19.
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Indonesia is not a state party to the 1951 Convention. There are no rights and obligations attached to Indonesia for the problem of asylum seekers and seekers. Their existence will be caused by community culture. The research method used is a normative legal approach by analyzing various laws in order to get a clear answer. Based on the results of the discussion, income is referred to as follows. (i) The existence of refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia has a negative impact on the social conditions of the Indonesian people, in the form of illegal marriages, unclear children's status, children losing civil rights. In addition, refugees often create chaos in the community, due to differences in language and culture. (ii) Legal efforts made by the Directorate General of Immigration in matters and solutions by Government Regulation Number IMI-1489.UM.08.05 of 2010 concerning Handling of Illegal Immigrants and continuing to coordinate with UNHCR for resettlement to third countries.
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Wustefeld, Sophie, and Timothy Scott Johnson. "Maud Mannoni and Piera Aulagnier on Mental Illness and Disability: Parents at the Boundary between Society and Childhood (France, 1960–80)." Psychoanalysis and History 21, no. 2 (August 2019): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2019.0295.
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This article reads Maud Mannoni's The Retarded Child and the Mother (1973) and L'éducation impossible (1973) in the context of French ‘institutional analysis’ in order to nuance criticism of Mannoni's work, particularly the criticism that Mannoni blamed mothers for the conditions of their children. Institutional analysis emerged in France after World War II. Institutional analysts drew from psychotherapy, sociology, and education in order to question power dynamics and the consequences of bureaucracy in their areas of research. Although often overlooked, this movement influenced Mannoni just as much as commonly acknowledged influences like Jacques Lacan and the anti-psychiatry movement. Moreover, connecting the preoccupations of institutional analysis with a more Lacanian approach, the thought of the understudied yet brilliant French psychoanalyst Piera Aulagnier (1923–90) offers crucial insights into the way political and social structures shape individual psyches. Retrieving these influences, we argue that Mannoni did not blame individual mothers for their children's pathologies. Instead, she identified the social and political dimensions of psychopathologies and suggested tackling the roots of psychic diseases in social institutions.
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Turahmat, Turahmat, Agus Nuryatin, Suminto A. Sayuti, and Teguh Supriyanto. "Surealism in Wewe Gombel Drama Script by M.S. Nugroho." Asian Social Science 14, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n2p88.
Full textAbstract:
Surrealism was initiated in France by Andre Bretton. In Indonesia, this genre then grows and develops rapidly in most of the drama script. The problem that arises over this phenomenon is whether there is a continuity of this genre when it is reduced to the region of Indonesia, because a work is always born on the influence of socio-cultural conditions that encompass it. And the socio-cultural conditions of Indonesia are of course different from the socio-cultural conditions of France. Issues to be examined is in Wewe Gombel play by MS. Nugroho. A manuscript of Wewe Gombel by MS Nugroho is a surrealism. The form of surrealism in this text lies in the following points. First, it uses myth as the source of the story. Second, in its text, there are also events beyond reason which utilize the human subconscious. Third, the storyline in this drama contains events that can still be traced. The storyline was built on the tangle of events that connect between one and another event which forms an integrated plot. Fourth, the forms of surrealism are used by the author as a means to convey satire of the sickening human condition, especially the bad parenting pattern of parents to their children. There are many satires in almost every dialogue of the drama.
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GEEST, SJAAK VAN DER, ANKE MUL, and HANS VERMEULEN. "Linkages between migration and the care of frail older people: observations from Greece, Ghana and The Netherlands." Ageing and Society 24, no. 3 (April 26, 2004): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04002302.
Full textAbstract:
There are at least four ways in which old age and migration cross each other's paths. First of all, there are people who migrated for economic reasons, usually at a relatively young age, and who have grown old in a foreign country. Secondly, there are older people who migrate when (or because) they are old: in Europe, they are mostly from the affluent northern countries and travel southward. Thirdly, there is increasing employment of, and demand for, immigrant workers in old-age institutions in the northern countries. Finally, there is the out-migration of young people, mainly from rural areas, that results in older people being left behind without children to look after them. In all these cases, migration has a profound effect on the wellbeing and care of older people. The authors of this article explore a fifth linkage between migration and old age, by focusing on the (mainly illegal) immigrants who take on roles as private carers and, in effect, replace the children who have emigrated. Two cases, from Greece and Ghana, are presented and viewed in the two countries' political, cultural and economic contexts, and are then compared to conditions in The Netherlands. In both cases, involving a ‘stranger’ in the care of an older parent is regarded as a good and respectable solution to the problem of absent children and grandchildren: it follows rules of reciprocity and normally provides a good quality of care. Ironically, hiring full-time private care for older people is feasible in low-income countries but a rare luxury in high-income societies.