Journal articles: 'Children of immigrants – Canada – Psychology'

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Yoshida, Yoko, and Jonathan Amoyaw. "Transition to adulthood of refugee and immigrant children in Canada." Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 6 (November 2020): 1465–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000363.

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AbstractThe majority of refugees are children and youth and their integration and life-course transitions are a research priority. This paper examines the timing of refugee children and youths’ entrance into the labour market and family formation (marriage/common law union and parenthood). It does so by examining how admission category, knowledge of a host country’s official languages, and age at arrival shape their transition to adulthood. Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Immigration Database and Heckman selection estimation, the paper finds minimal variation in refugee children and youths’ entry into the labour market compared to children of other immigrant streams. It also finds that refugee children and youth start forming families at a younger age than children of economic class immigrants, but at an older age than family class children. The analysis also shows limited effects of knowledge of official language prior to arrival while age at arrival has a robust impact on their adulthood transitions. These findings shed light on the unique patterns of life-course transition among refugee children and youth and contribute to a better conceptualization of their experiences relative to children and youth of other immigrants.

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Okeke-Ihejirika, Philomina, Sophie Yohani, Janine Muster, Alphonse Ndem, Thane Chambers, and Virginia Pow. "A Scoping Review on Intimate Partner Violence in Canada’s Immigrant Communities." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 788–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018789156.

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Canada relies on newcomers for population growth, labor supply, and cultural diversity. Newcomers, in turn, see Canada as a haven of economic opportunities. However, the extent to which these mutual benefits can be realized depends on how well newcomers fare in Canada. Intimate partner violence (IPV) significantly undermines immigrants’ capacity to rebuild their lives in host societies. As in other Western democracies, recent immigrants and refugees to Canada are highly vulnerable to IPV; they arrive with limited support systems, wrestle with changing family dynamics, and may have to adapt to new gender roles. IPV often occurs in the private domain of the family and poses serious risks to women, children, families, and the broader society. Our scoping review of 30 articles on IPV within Canadian immigrant groups identifies crucial differences in perceptions and experiences of, responses to, and coping mechanisms among female survivors, and a tendency to place the blame for IPV on the cultural values and practices that immigrants bring to Canada. The majority of existing services and policies, our review shows, are not well suited to immigrant women’s needs and may undermine women’s capacity to find satisfying solutions. Our review is limited by a dearth of literature; it is based mainly on the experiences of South East Asian immigrant women in the Greater Toronto Area. Our findings suggest that future research should address women’s and men’s experiences of IPV, include nonheterosexual couples, extend to the broader immigrant population, and incorporate the voices of stakeholders other than survivors.

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NAVARA, GEOFFREY S., and SUSAN LOLLIS. "How Adolescent Children of African Jamaican Immigrants Living in Canada Perceive and Negotiate their Roles within a Matrifocal Family." Family Process 48, no. 3 (September 2009): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01294.x.

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Xinyin Chen and Hennis Chi-Hang Tse. "Social and psychological adjustment of Chinese Canadian children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409337546.

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This study examined social and psychological adjustment of immigrant and Canadian-born Chinese children in Canada. Participants included a sample of elementary school children (N = 356, M age = 11 years). Data on social functioning, peer relationships, school-related social competence, perceived self-worth, and loneliness were collected from peer assessments, teacher ratings, and self-reports. The results indicated that immigrant and Canadian-born Chinese children had different experiences of social and psychological adjustment in the school. Among aspects of acculturation, English proficiency and participation in Chinese cultural activities were positively associated with social competence and negatively associated with adjustment problems, particularly in immigrant Chinese children. These results indicate the involvement of contextual factors in children’s social functioning and psychological well-being.

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Oxman‐Martinez, Jacqueline, Anneke J. Rummens, Jacques Moreau, Ye Ri Choi, Morton Beiser, Linda Ogilvie, and Robert Armstrong. "Perceived ethnic discrimination and social exclusion: Newcomer immigrant children in Canada." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 82, no. 3 (July 2012): 376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01161.x.

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Boyd, Monica, and Siyue Tian. "Educational and Labor Market Attainments of the 1.5- and Second-Generation Children of East Asian Immigrants in Canada." American Behavioral Scientist 60, no. 5-6 (March 9, 2016): 705–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764216632830.

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Costigan, Catherine L., and Tina F. Su. "Orthogonal versus linear models of acculturation among immigrant Chinese Canadians: A comparison of mothers, fathers, and children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 28, no. 6 (November 2004): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000234.

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A multidimensional model of acculturation was examined among 96 immigrant Chinese families living in Canada. All parents were foreign-born, as were 75% of children (average age 12). Each family member completed measures of cultural orientation (behavioural practices), identity, and cultural values. An orthogonal model of acculturation (e.g., host and ethnic culture affiliations are independent rather than linear) was clearly supported for fathers and children. For fathers and foreign-born children, greater involvement in Canadian culture was not associated with a diminishment of ethnic identity or values. For Canadian-born children, this involvement seemed to foster, rather than reduce, the endorsement of ethnic identity and traditional values. For mothers, ethnic and host cultural domains were modestly negatively correlated, providing less support for the orthogonal model. Results are discussed in relation to the conditions that may foster orthogonal versus linear models of acculturation.

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Costigan, Catherine, and Tina F. Su. "Cultural predictors of the parenting cognitions of immigrant Chinese mothers and fathers in Canada." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 5 (September 2008): 432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408093662.

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This study explored the predictors of parenting cognitions among 94 married immigrant Chinese couples with early-adolescent children in Canada. Mothers and fathers separately completed questionnaires assessing their culturally based parenting cognitions (interdependent childrearing goals, family obligation expectations and Chinese parent role beliefs), Chinese cultural values and exposure to Canadian culture. The parenting cognitions of mothers and fathers were quite similar. Stronger endorsement of Chinese cultural values by fathers was significantly related to stronger endorsement of culturally based parenting cognitions. The same relations were found for mothers, except in contexts where mothers participated highly in Canadian culture. For all parents, the extent of exposure to Canadian culture was not directly related to parenting cognitions. The results highlight how parenting is embedded in a cultural context and suggest that parents' ideas about childrearing may change after immigration only when core cultural values are modified.

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Yahya, Raudhah, and Elizabeth Ann Wood. "Play as third space between home and school: Bridging cultural discourses." Journal of Early Childhood Research 15, no. 3 (April 6, 2016): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x15616833.

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This article examines play as a conceptual third space that serves as a bridge between home and school discourses. Using sociocultural theories and an interpretivist framework, 19 immigrant mothers and their children in Canada were interviewed about their play experiences at home and in preschools. The findings reveal that children and teachers utilise play as third space in various ways. Although there is some cultural dissonance experienced by children, this study illustrates ways that children use play as a bridge between home and school and explores strategies that teachers use in supporting children’s use of play as third space. As children navigate these two cultural sites, they accumulate funds of knowledge and life experiences, which then meet, interact and perhaps fuse together in the conceptual third space. The conclusion proposes that ‘play as third space’ can be used as a conceptual framework for educators and practitioners to support children’s transition from home to school and assist children who experience discontinuities.

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Logie, Carmen H., Angela Kaida, Alexandra de Pokomandy, Nadia O’Brien, Pat O’Campo, Jay MacGillivray, Uzma Ahmed, et al. "Prevalence and Correlates of Forced Sex as a Self-Reported Mode of HIV Acquisition Among a Cohort of Women Living With HIV in Canada." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 21-22 (July 12, 2017): 5028–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517718832.

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Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global epidemic associated with increased HIV exposure. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of HIV acquisition via forced sex among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Canada. Baseline questionnaire data were analyzed for WLWH (≥16 years) with data on self-reported mode of HIV acquisition, enrolled in a community-based cohort study in British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. We assessed forced sex (childhood, adulthood) as a self-reported mode of HIV acquisition. Of 1,330 participants, the median age was 42 (interquartile range [IQR] = 35-50) years; 23.5% were Indigenous, 26.3% African/Caribbean/Black, 43% White, and 7.2% of Other ethnicities. Forced sex was the third dominant mode of HIV transmission at 16.5% ( n = 219; vs. 51.6% consensual sex, 19.7% sharing needles, 5.3% blood transfusion, 3.8% perinatal, 1.3% contaminated needles, 0.4% other, 1.6% do not know/prefer not to answer). In multivariable analyses, significant correlates of HIV acquisition from forced versus consensual sex included legal status as a landed immigrant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.12, 3.54]) or refugee (aOR = 3.62; 95% CI = [1.63, 8.04]) versus Canadian citizen; African/Caribbean/Black ethnicity versus Caucasian (aOR = 2.49; 95% CI = [1.43, 4.35]), posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (aOR = 3.00; 95% CI = [1.68, 5.38]), histories of group home residence (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI = [1.10, 5.23]), foster care (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI = [1.10, 4.34]), and having one child relative to having three or more children (aOR = 0.52; 95% CI = [0.31, 0.89]). GBV must be considered a distinct HIV risk factor; forced sex is a significant underrecognized risk factor and mode of women’s HIV acquistion. Public health reporting systems can separate consensual and forced sex in reporting modes of HIV acquisition. Practitioners can engage in screening practices to meet client needs.

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Hale, Adrian. "Dame Edna and ‘the help’." European Journal of Humour Research 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2021.9.4.568.

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‘Dame Edna Everage’, a persona originally created by the Australian comedian Barry Humphries in 1955, is a character designed to simultaneously shock and amuse. Dame Edna voices (and satirizes) the discourse of ‘average’, older, politically conservative Anglo-Australians who feel compelled to ‘tell it like it is’ – no matter how offensive their opinions might be. In the Anglosphere, Edna’s humour is well understood and sustained international success has followed Edna for more than 60 years in Britain, Canada, the US and Australia. However, Edna occasionally misfires. In 2003, for instance, Edna’s satire outraged Latinos across the USA, in fulfillment of Poe’s Law (Aikin, 2009). Simply put, Latinos assumed that Edna’s comments satirising negative mainstream attitudes towards them were expressive of Edna’s authentic racism. This paper investigates the Edna joke in the overall context of failed humour and then specifically for the offensiveness it generated amongst the Latino minority in the United States. It then tests whether this reaction was the result of a discursive frame specific to the US context, by conducting an exploratory study amongst a small sample of highly educated Australian bilingual Latin American immigrants and their adult children, to see whether they thought Edna’s joke was funny. These Australian individuals of Latin American heritage responded via an online questionnaire, and an analysis of their responses is presented here. The study’s main finding is that while these individuals generally demonstrated a high comedic literacy across both English and Spanish, including a prior awareness of Edna’s and Australian humour, they overall rejected the intention and humour of Edna’s joke. This paper asserts that, when it comes to humour, some transnational migrant speech community loyalties transcend other notions of identity and language competence.

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Khattab, Huda. "Muslim Teens." American Journal of Islam and Society 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v20i1.1886.

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This is the second book on parenting by the husband-and-wife team of Dr.Ekram and Mohamed R. Beshir. Muslim Teens addresses an issue of deepconcern to all Muslim parents: how to keep one’s children on the “straightpath” when they reach the turbulent years of adolescence. The authors areprofessionals who have raised four daughters in Canada. Their daughters,now adults, have contributed to the book with insights from a teen’s pointof view, based upon their own experiences of growing up Muslim in NorthAmerica.The first two chapters draw a picture of teens and their environment.Drawing on Ekram’s background in medicine and child psychology, thesechapters describe the turbulent nature of puberty and the physical and emotionalgrowing pains experienced by teenagers. The second chapter alsogives an overview of North American teen culture, which should berequired reading for all immigrant parents raising children in a culture thatcan be viewed as largely antithetical to Islam.Chapters 3 to 6 provide a “road map” for raising teens and presents anoverview of the aims and stages of Islamic tarbiyah (education, upbringing).They advise parents to start early and state that both parents shouldshare a common vision of childrearing and set clear goals, such as spiritualconviction (not just knowledge of Islam) and enabling teens to developstrong and confident personalities. These chapters contain extensivequotations from the Qur’an and Sunnah to support what the authors say,thus enabling readers to gain a solid overview of parenting from an Islamicperspective. The authors also take some basic Islamic principles of social ...

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Dyson, Lily. "In the Convergence of Ethnicity and Immigration: The Status and Socio-ecological Predictors of the Self-Concept of Recent Chinese Immigrant School-Age Children in Canada." Journal of Child and Family Studies 24, no. 1 (August 1, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9808-0.

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Salami, Bukola, Alleson Mason, Jordana Salma, Sophie Yohani, Maryam Amin, Philomena Okeke-Ihejirika, and Tehseen Ladha. "Access to Healthcare for Immigrant Children in Canada." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 10, 2020): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093320.

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Immigrants experience poorer health outcomes than nonimmigrants in Canada for several reasons. A central contributing factor to poor health outcomes for immigrants is access to healthcare. Previous research on access to healthcare for immigrants has largely focused on the experience of immigrant adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate how immigrants access health services for their children in Alberta, Canada. Our study involved a descriptive qualitative design. Upon receiving ethics approval from the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board, we invited immigrant parents to participate in this study. We interviewed 50 immigrant parents, including 17 fathers and 33 mothers. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the themes that emerged. Findings reveal that systemic barriers contributed to challenges in accessing healthcare for immigrant children. Participants identified several of these barriers—namely, system barriers, language and cultural barriers, relationship with health professionals, and financial barriers. These barriers can be addressed by policymakers and service providers by strengthening the diversity of the workforce, addressing income as a social determinant of health, and improving access to language interpretation services.

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Vohra, Neharika, and John Adair. "Life Satisfaction of Indian Immigrants in Canada." Psychology and Developing Societies 12, no. 2 (September 2000): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097133360001200201.

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Shahim, Sima. "Psychometric Characteristics of the Iranian Acculturation Scale." Psychological Reports 101, no. 1 (August 2007): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.1.55-60.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure acculturation of Iranian immigrants in Canada. The 20-item Iranian Acculturation Scale showed Cronbach alpha of .83. Item-total correlations ranged from .25 to .65. Four factors were extracted, based on responses from 119 Iranian immigrants (43 men and 76 women) living in Toronto. The scale tapped different acculturation dimensions, cultural identity, language, family-related attitude and family-related values. The longer these Iranian immigrants had lived in Canada, and the earlier the age of moving to Canada the better acculturation suggested by their scores.

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Lee, Rennie. "How do coethnic communities matter for educational attainment? A comparative analysis of the United States and Canada." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 59, no. 2 (April 2018): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715218767486.

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The United States and Canada represent two of the largest immigrant-receiving countries. Although both countries have long histories of receiving immigrants, they are viewed differently in their abilities to integrate immigrants and their children. A popular and reoccurring narrative is Canada’s greater ability to integrate immigrants and their children compared with the United States. One possible explanation is that coethnic communities in Canada are more visible and supported by government funding than coethnic communities in the United States, which may differentially affect the outcomes of immigrants’ children in the two countries. Using nationally representative data from the Sensitive General Social Survey and Ethnic Diversity Survey, this study examines the effects of coethnic community, national origin group, and individual characteristics on educational attainment in the United States and Canada. This study utilizes differences in coethnic community and national origin group effects to understand institutional differences between the two countries. In particular, it finds that coethnic community education has a positive effect in both countries, but the effects for coethnic community income and educational selectivity differ. This study suggests that differences in coethnic community income and educational selectivity may be due to differences in immigration policy, which shape the types of settlement challenges and sources of support that immigrants and their children encounter upon arrival.

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Fuks, Nate, Nathan Grant Smith, Sandra Peláez, Jack De Stefano, and Tyler L. Brown. "Acculturation Experiences Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Immigrants in Canada." Counseling Psychologist 46, no. 3 (April 2018): 296–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000018768538.

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In the current study, we used a grounded theory methodology to understand the acculturation process of LGBT immigrants in Canada. Results revealed two parallel themes: Cultural Identity Development and Sexual and Gender Identity Development. Heterosexism and cissexism in the culture of origin was a central phenomenon in the development of the cultural, sexual, and gender aspects of LGBT immigrant identity. Moreover, LGBT immigrants’ culture of origin and Canadian culture influenced their sexual and gender identity development before and after immigration. Results suggest that many LGBT immigrants assume a Western orientation as a coping response to heterosexism and cissexism in their culture of origin, even before immigration occurs. The current study identified the perceived challenges and advantages that LGBT immigrants experience during the acculturation process as well as various acculturation outcomes. We discuss clinical implications and future research directions in light of the results.

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Yoon, Kyong. "Multicultural digital media practices of 1.5-generation Korean immigrants in Canada." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 27, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196818766906.

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Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted in Toronto, Canada, this study examines how the young adult children of Korean immigrants, also known as 1.5-generation immigrants, explore multicultural senses of belonging and identity through digital media practices. This study reveals that although young immigrants’ capabilities to choose from different forms of cultural content may be enhanced by digital media, they may be subject to structural forces, such as offline ethnic segregation. That is, young immigrants may enjoy digital media as a multicultural facilitator in one sense but question its contribution to multicultural senses of identity in another.

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Lane, Ginny, Marwa Farag, Judy White, Christine Nisbet, and Hassan Vatanparast. "Chronic health disparities among refugee and immigrant children in Canada." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, no. 10 (October 2018): 1043–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0407.

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There are knowledge gaps in our understanding of the development of chronic disease risks in children, especially with regard to the risk differentials experienced by immigrants and refugees. The Healthy Immigrant Children study employed a mixed-methods cross-sectional study design to characterize the health and nutritional status of 300 immigrant and refugee children aged 3–13 years who had been in Canada for less than 5 years. Quantitative data regarding socioeconomic status, food security, physical activity, diet, and bone and body composition and anthropometric measurements were collected. Qualitative data regarding their experiences with accessing health care and their family lifestyle habits were gathered through in-depth interviews with the parents of newcomer children. Many newcomers spoke about their struggles to attain their desired standard of living. Regarding health outcomes, significantly more refugees (23%) had stunted growth when compared with immigrants (5%). Older children, those with better-educated parents, and those who consumed a poorer-quality diet were at a higher risk of being overweight or obese. Sixty percent of refugees and 42% of immigrants had high blood cholesterol. Significant health concerns for refugee children include stunting and high blood cholesterol levels, and emerging trends indicate that older immigrant children from privileged backgrounds in low-income countries may be more at risk of overweight and obesity. A variety of pathways related to their families’ conceptualization of life in Canada and the social structures that limit progress to meeting their goals likely influence the development of health inequity among refugee and immigrant children. Public health initiatives should address these health inequities among newcomer families.

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Lester, David. "Suicide in Immigrant Groups as a Function of Their Proportion in the Country." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 2 (October 1994): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.2.994.

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Data from 1969 to 1973 in Canada indicated that the male and female suicide rates of immigrants from 22 nations were associated with the suicide rates in the home countries but not with the proportion of immigrants in Canada from the home countries.

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Collardeau, Fanie, Muhammad Usama Bin Aftab, Tahira Jibeen, and Erica Woodin. "Pakistani Immigrants' Nuanced Beliefs About Shame and Its Regulation." International Perspectives in Psychology 10, no. 1 (January 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000004.

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Abstract. The present study explored beliefs about shame and coping strategies of Pakistani immigrants to Canada, without imposing Western definitions or theories. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 adult Pakistani immigrants to Canada who immigrated within the last 8 years. Grounded theory was used to uncover and illuminate how shame could act as a signal for wrongdoing or emerge as a result of social control and social hierarchies, while in both instances being shaped by and informing complex relational and social contexts. Participants accessed a wide range of positive and negative coping behaviors and prioritized positive coping strategies which included close others and focused on self-improvement. The findings highlight the need for researchers to expand current definitions of shame to render them more inclusive of non-Western worldviews and to honor the diversity in metacognitions or beliefs about shame present in different cultural groups. Future research may also benefit from exploring how shame may be felt as a response to power differentials, and how this may impact individuals' experiences of immigration. It is important for practitioners working with Pakistani immigrants to Canada to honor clients' nuanced and complex cultural and religious knowledge about shame, as Pakistani immigrants' beliefs about shame and their proactive stance toward the regulation of this emotion are likely to be protective. We also encourage therapists to be open to discussing sources of shame (e.g., personal vs. imposed by others) and systemic, structural inequalities which may be important in explaining individuals' emotional experience.

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Coen, Stanley J., and Harry Penn. "Analyzing the Children of Immigrants." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 61, no. 6 (December 2013): 1203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065113511987.

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Lai, Daniel W. L., and Wendy L. Leonenko. "Correlates of Living Alone among Single Elderly Chinese Immigrants in Canada." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 65, no. 2 (September 2007): 121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ag.65.2.b.

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According to traditional Chinese culture, families will care for their elderly. Therefore, it appears to be uncommon for elderly Chinese to live alone. This study examines the correlates for single elderly Chinese immigrants in Canada to live alone. Using a probability sample of single elderly Chinese immigrants ( N = 660) in seven urban centers, hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the effects of socio-demographic resource variables, health, and cultural variables. The findings show that 39.1% of single elderly Chinese immigrants reported to be living alone. Variables related to resources, functioning capacity, and acculturation related variables are the key correlates for the elderly Chinese immigrants to maintain independence in the community. The findings imply a need to develop culturally sensitive programs to strengthen the social support, financial stability, and functioning capacity of the elderly immigrants.

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Sayegh, Liliane, and Jean-Claude Lasry. "Immigrants' adaptation in Canada: Assimilation, acculturation, and orthogonal cultural identification." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 34, no. 1 (1993): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0078777.

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Eric, Benchimol, Mack David, Guttmann Astrid, Nguyen Geoffrey, To Teresa, Mojaverian Nassim, Quach Pauline, and Manuel Douglas. "O-004 Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Immigrants to Canada and their Children." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 20 (December 2014): S3—S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mib.0000456700.11867.d0.

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Sano, Yujiro, Lisa Kaida, and Eric Y. Tenkorang. "Racial Variations in Ethnic Identity among the Children of Immigrants in Canada." Canadian Ethnic Studies 47, no. 3 (2015): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ces.2015.0030.

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Childs, Stephen, Ross Finnie, and Richard E. Mueller. "Why Do So Many Children of Immigrants Attend University? Evidence for Canada." Journal of International Migration and Integration 18, no. 1 (September 15, 2015): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-015-0447-8.

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Barankin, Tatyana, M. Mary Konstantareas, and Farideh De Bosset. "Adaption of Recent Soviet Jewish Immigrants and their Children to Toronto." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 6 (August 1989): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400606.

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This retrospective study examined the prevalence of depression and psychosomatic disorders among Soviet Jewish immigrants, and how such problems might have affected their children's adaptation. A 36-item English and Russian questionnaire was sent to 452 Soviet Jewish immigrants, requesting information on possible problems they or their children had had during the first three years after immigration. Ninety people responded, 78% of whom had children. Immigrants with depression and psychosomatic illness reported greater behaviour, academic, peer interaction, and child-parent difficulties in their children. Those who were married, were proficient in English, were professionals in the USSR and/or Canada and who had supportive friends, were more likely to adapt well. Because of the low response rate, the failure to validate the questionnaire, and the possible overrepresentation of professionals the findings are presented as preliminary pending further exploration. They are discussed for their relevance to the early identification of difficulties in immigrants and their children, and to the need for timely and informed intervention.

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Ahmad, Sajjad, and Keith S. Dobson. "Providing Psychological Services to Immigrant Children: Challenges and Potential Solutions." Clinical and Counselling Psychology Review 1, no. 2 (December 2019): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/ccpr.12.04.

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Canada is a diverse and multicultural country. More than one fifth of Canadians are foreign-born individuals from over 200 countries (Statistics Canada, 2017a). Whereas diversity and official multiculturalism makes Canada attractive for immigrants, the newcomers nonetheless face challenges in the areas of settlement, employment, and access to mental health services. These challenges are particularly acute for immigrant children. This article describes four major challenges related to the provision of psychological services to immigrant children and suggests potential solutions for each of these four challenges. The article concludes with the suggestion of a multilevel approach to address these challenges, and the collaborative inclusion of relevant stakeholders.

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Lu, Pei Hua. "“Gossip makes us one”." Media and communication as antecedents to the transformation agenda in Malaysia 25, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.25.2.10lu.

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Intergroup marriage has been widely used as an indicator to predict the social integration of immigrants. The assumption is that higher rates of intergroup marriage represent more harmonious outcome of an integrated society. As compared to the U.S., first and 1.5 generation immigrants in Canada have been found to be less likely to intermarry, and their cultural preference of a spouse of the same race/ethnicity has been argued to be the key factor. However, the process of how these immigrants’ cultural preference is maintained in a multicultural context requires exploration. This study elaborates on the role of gossip in the process of the maintaining of ethnic boundaries among recent immigrants using the case of Taiwanese immigrants in Canada. With an examination of their attitudes toward intergroup marriage, the results of the role of gossip indicate, 1) the seemingly impermeable ethnic boundaries established by recent immigrants can be challenged and modified through gossip, and 2) gossip makes the process of integration possible along both horizontal (i.e., coethnic peer of the same cohort) and vertical (i.e., parents to children and vice versa) axis within the same race/ethnic group of immigrants.

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Leitch, David. "Canada’s Native Languages: The Right of First Nations to Educate Their Children in Their Own Languages." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 15, no. 1, 2 & 3 (July 24, 2011): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/c9d093.

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Canada used to consider itself not only a bilingual, but also a bicultural country.1 Biculturalism was based on the idea that Canada had two founding cultures, the French-language culture dominant in Quebec and the English-language culture dominant everywhere else, with French and English minorities scattered across the country. This view of Canada obviously failed to recognize both the Aboriginal cultures that existed prior to European contact and the cultures of those immigrants who came to Canada with no knowledge of French or English or with knowledge of those languages but otherwise distinguishable culture.

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Sakamoto, Izumi, Yi Wei, and Lele Truong. "How Do Organizations and Social Policies ‘Acculturate’ to Immigrants? Accommodating Skilled Immigrants in Canada." American Journal of Community Psychology 42, no. 3-4 (October 24, 2008): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-008-9197-5.

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Kim, Il-Ho, and Samuel Noh. "Changes in life satisfaction among Korean immigrants in Canada." International Journal of Culture and Mental Health 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2014): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2014.892521.

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Souto, Rafaella Queiroga, Sepali Guruge, Miriam Aparecida Barbosa Merighi, and Maria Cristina Pinto de Jesus. "Intimate Partner Violence Among Older Portuguese Immigrant Women in Canada." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 5 (April 24, 2016): 961–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516646101.

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One third of the immigrant population around the world is made up of women. Of these women, many belong to the Portuguese community. Immigrants account for more than one in five Canadians. The Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada are vulnerable to be victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), which is a prevalent and important global health issue that affects differently diverse groups. There are few available researches regarding IPV on this population. The objective of this study is to understand how Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada experience IPV. This is a qualitative study with a social phenomenological focus. Alfred Schutz’s motivation theory was used to analyze the impulses that led older women to face IPV. The data were collected from July to October 2013 in the Greater Toronto Area. Ten women 60 years or older were included in the study. The participants perceived themselves as being victimized by their current or ex partners. They are unhappy and suffer from a variety of health problems, which they related to their experience of IPV. These factors, along with participants’ personal beliefs, and their legal situations as immigrants in Canada, made them act, either in a way that would try to maintain their relationships, or tried to escape the violent situation. IPV is a complex phenomenon, with different perceptions surrounding it. The experiences of the older immigrant women showed that ending the marriage is not always a possibility to them because of cultural issues and their immigrant status in Canada. Some women wish help and support to improve their relationships.

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Shirpak, Khosro Refaie, Eleanor Maticka-Tyndale, and Maryam Chinichian. "Post Migration Changes in Iranian Immigrants’ Couple Relationships in Canada." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 42, no. 6 (November 2011): 751–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.42.6.751.

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Lencucha, Jameela C., Jane A. Davis, and Helene J. Polatajko. "Living in a Blended World: The Occupational Lives of Children of Immigrants to Canada." Journal of Occupational Science 20, no. 2 (June 2013): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2013.786799.

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Feng, Xiaohong. "‘Someone’s Knocking at the Door’." Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18733/cpi29536.

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This article explores Canada’s hidden forms of discrimination and racism and suggests ways of building bridges for the successful integration of immigrant parents and their children. By highlighting some key lived experiences of a small sample of Chinese immigrants, the article identifies dilemmas encountered when forming and developing friendships with non-immigrants. By sharing parents’ and their children’s perspectives and suggestions, this article takes positive steps towards promoting intercultural communications, understanding, and respect in Canada for people labelled as ‘the others’.

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Abada, Teresa, Feng Hou, and Bali Ram. "Ethnic Differences in Educational Attainment among the Children of Canadian Immigrants." Canadian Journal of Sociology 34, no. 1 (December 12, 2008): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs1651.

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Abstract Using the 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey, this article examines the ethnic differences in university education attainment among the children of immigrants in Canada. We found that most groups achieve clear upward mobility across generations, while Blacks and Filipinos show signs of stagnation. Asians (with the exception of Filipinos) attain higher academic achievements than most groups of European origins even when accounting for group variations in family background, and social and ethnic capital. Parental education was important in explaining the relatively low university completion rates among the second generation Portuguese and Italians. Rural residence of the father’s generation was an important factor for the second generation Dutch and German youth, reflecting the different settlement patterns of these various groups. Our findings suggest that race/ethnicity has become a salient factor in educational stratification. Keywords: ethnicity, mobility, education, second generation, immigrants

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Roebers, Claudia M., and Wolfgang Schneider. "Self-concept and Anxiety in Immigrant Children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, no. 1 (March 1999): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502599384035.

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In a longitudinal study of acculturation in Germany, a total sample ( N 364) of immigrant and nonimmigrant elementary schoolchildren were tested in regard to achievement related personality variables, such as self-concept, anxiety, and peer relations. The participants belonged to one of four subgroups: (1) nonimmigrants from the Western region of Germany; (2) nonimmigrants from the Eastern region; (3) German-speaking immigrants from the former German Democratic Republic; and (4) immigrants with poor German language skills from the former USSR. Migration did not seem to lead to a global decrease of self-concept or to an increase of general anxiety. However, the immigrant children did differ in their self-concept in the German language and in test anxiety from the nonimmigrant children. The chosen parameters proved to be fairly stable over time in the German-speaking groups and in the immigrant group with poor German language skills, the self-concept was more stable with a longer stay in Germany. Overall, comparing the immigrants with the nonimmigrants: (a) an acceleration in the development of self-evaluations; and (b) an interruption in the gradual stabilisation of the personality became apparent.

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Vukojevic, Vesna, Zorica Kuburic, and Aleksandar Damjanovic. "The influence of perceived discrimination, sense of control, self-esteem and multiple discrepancies on the mental health and subjective well-being in Serbian immigrants in Canada." Psihologija 49, no. 2 (2016): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1602105v.

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The study focuses on the mental health and subjective well-being (SWB) of Serbian immigrants of the first generation in Canada. We wanted to examine if perceived discrimination, sense of control, self-esteem and perceived multiple discrepancy affect their mental health and SWB. Our results indicate that self-esteem and sense of control have a positive effect on mental health and all aspects of the SWB, while the perceived discrimination and perceived multiple discrepancy negatively affect SWB and mental health. Self-esteem was the most salient predictor of mental health, while the perceived multiple discrepancy was the most salient predictor of life satisfaction of Serbian immigrants.

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Hernandez, Donald J. "Internationally Comparable Indicators for Children of Immigrants." Child Indicators Research 3, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12187-010-9081-3.

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Khan, Sahar. "Raising Canadian-stanis: Parenting in Muslim Pakistani Communities in Canada." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29512.

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In this paper, the intersectionality approach is used to understand how being a Muslim Pakistani immigrant affects being a parent. I look into how parents want to pass down their religious and cultural beliefs, such as family honour, and how those beliefs shape their children who are conflicted between two cultures. Beliefs on marriage and dating are also vastly different for Pakistani immigrant parents from those who are part of the dominant culture in Canada. I look into how marriage practices from back home are attempted to be brought over to Canada and how finding a partner can cause conflict between immigrant parents and their children. I also look into how sex and sexuality can cause conflict between parents and their children due to traditional beliefs and religious views. Finally, I look at how issues such as racism and discrimination can affect how Pakistani immigrants parent their children.

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Lee, Iris Hyunkyoung, and Gurpreet (Preety) Salh. "40 Disparities in Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Canadian Indigenous and Racialized Children." Paediatrics & Child Health 27, Supplement_3 (October 1, 2022): e20-e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxac100.039.

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Abstract Background A core racial injustice faced by Indigenous and racialized people in North America lies in access to healthcare services. It is especially important for those with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) to access appropriate diagnostic services so that they can receive appropriate and timely healthcare resources. While there is a significant amount of literature from the U.S. documenting later diagnoses of NDDs in certain racialized groups, it is unclear whether such trends have been documented in Canada. Objectives Our objective was to review the research on the diagnosis of NDDs in Indigenous and racialized children in Canada. Design/Methods We reviewed OVID, CINAHL, and Web of Sciences with a thorough two-step screening process for English papers from 1991 to 2021. We used the following search term categories: 1) diagnosis, 2) NDDs including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), cerebral palsy (CP), and intellectual disabilities (ID), 3) Indigenous and racialized populations. Racialized populations included those such as immigrants, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and refugees living in Canada. Results In total, we found twelve papers. Nine were on ASD, one on CP, and two on NDDs in general. As well, out of the twelve papers, six were on immigrants, five on Indigenous children, and one on both Indigenous and immigrant children. Some of the studies on immigrant children distinguished the world regions they were from, one distinguished refugees from immigrants, while others did not specify. Studies discussed disparities in rates of diagnosis, explored possible explanations for these disparities, as well as potential solutions for Indigenous and racialized children to receive their NDD diagnosis in a timely manner. Conclusion There was a disproportionately large number of studies on FASD in Indigenous children, which may reflect a lack of appropriate representation of neurodiverse racialized and Indigenous children in Canadian NDD literature. Ultimately, these were excluded during screening, as they were not focused on FASD diagnosis but rather on other aspects such as prevention. The remaining studies do not fully reflect the wide variety of NDDs of Indigenous and racialized children. It is our hope that more research be done to represent all children in an equitable fashion and in doing so, shape policies and interventions to improve access to healthcare.

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Hochschild, Jennifer L., and Porsha Cropper. "Immigration regimes and schooling regimes: Which countries promote successful immigrant incorporation?" Theory and Research in Education 8, no. 1 (March 2010): 21–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878509356342.

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While Canada is often described as the most and France as one of the least successful countries in the realm of immigrant incorporation, the question remains unresolved of how to evaluate a country’s policies for dealing with immigration and incorporation relative to that of others. Our strategy is to examine the relationships among (1) countries’ policies and practices with regard to admitting immigrants, (2) their educational policies for incorporating first- and second-generation immigrants, and (3) the educational achievement of immigrants and their children. We compare eight western industrialized countries. We find that immigration regimes, educational regimes, and schooling outcomes are linked distinctively in each country. States that are liberal, or effective, on one dimension may be relatively conservative, or ineffective, on another, and countries vary in their willingness and ability to help disadvantaged people achieve upward mobility through immigration and schooling. We conclude that, by some normative standards, France has a better immigration regime than Canada does. Overall, this study points to new ways to study immigration and new normative standards for judging states’ policies of incorporation.

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Mao, Aimei, Joan L. Bottorff, John L. Oliffe, Gayl Sarbit, and Mary T. Kelly. "A Qualitative Study on Chinese Canadian Male Immigrants’ Perspectives on Stopping Smoking: Implications for Tobacco Control in China." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 4 (April 19, 2016): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316644050.

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China has the largest number of smokers in the world; more than half of adult men smoke. Chinese immigrants smoke at lower rates than the mainstream population and other immigrant groups do. This qualitative study was to explore the influence of denormalization in Canada on male Chinese immigrant smoking after migration. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 male Chinese Canadian immigrants who were currently smoking or had quit smoking in the past 5 years. The study identified that, while becoming a prospective/father prompted the Chinese smokers to quit or reduce their smoking due to concern of the impacts of their smoking on the health of their young children, changes in smoking were also associated with the smoking environment. Four facilitators were identified which were related to the denomormalized smoking environment in Canada: (a) the stigma related to being a smoker in Canada, (b) conformity with Canadian smoking bans in public places, (c) the reduced social function of smoking in Canadian culture, and (d) the impact of graphic health messages on cigarette packs. Denormalization of tobacco in Canada in combination with collectivist values among Chinese smokers appeared to contribute to participants’ reducing and quitting smoking. Although findings of the study cannot be claimed as generalizable to the wider population of Chinese Canadian immigrants due to the small number of the participants, this study provides lessons for the development of tobacco control measures in China to reverse the current prosmoking social environment.

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Menezes, N. M., K. Georgiades, and M. H. Boyle. "The influence of immigrant status and concentration on psychiatric disorder in Canada: a multi-level analysis." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 10 (February 25, 2011): 2221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711000213.

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BackgroundMany studies have reported an increased incidence of psychiatric disorder (particularly psychotic disorders) among first generation adult immigrants, along with an increasing risk for ethnic minorities living in low-minority concentration neighborhoods. These studies have depended mostly on European case-based databases. In contrast, North American studies have suggested a lower risk for psychiatric disorder in immigrants, although the effect of neighborhood immigrant concentration has not been studied extensively.MethodUsing multi-level modeling to disaggregate individual from area-level influences, this study examines the influence of first generation immigrant status at the individual level, immigrant concentration at the neighborhood-level and their combined effect on 12-month prevalence of mood, anxiety and substance-dependence disorders and lifetime prevalence of psychotic disorder, among Canadians.ResultsIndividual-level data came from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 1.2, a cross-sectional study of psychiatric disorder among Canadians over the age of 15 years; the sample for analysis wasn=35 708. The CCHS data were linked with neighborhood-level data from the Canadian Census 2001 for multi-level logistic regression. Immigrant status was associated with a lower prevalence of psychiatric disorder, with an added protective effect for immigrants living in neighborhoods with higher immigrant concentrations. Immigrant concentration was not associated with elevated prevalence of psychiatric disorder among non-immigrants.ConclusionsThe finding of lower 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorder in Canadian immigrants, with further lessening as the neighborhood immigrant concentration increases, reflects a model of person–environment fit, highlighting the importance of studying individual risk factors within environmental contexts.

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Rosenblum, Sarah, Noomi Katz, Jeri Hahn-Markowitz, Tal Mazor-Karsenty, and Shula Parush. "Environmental Influences on Perceptual and Motor Skills of Children from Immigrant Ethiopian Families." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 2 (April 2000): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.2.587.

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The purpose of this study was to examine environmental influences on perceptual and motor skills of children from immigrant Ethiopian families in Israel in comparison with those of Israeli-born children. The subjects were divided into groups based on age (6- to 8-yr.-olds and 10- to 12-yr.-olds) and length of time in Israel. The results of this study show that the perceptual and motor performance of 6-to 8-yr.-old, less recent Ethiopian immigrants is similar to that of the recent Ethiopian immigrants of the same age A difference exists between those two groups and the Israeli-born children of the same age. In the 10- to 12-yr.-old age group, there is a marked difference between the performance of the two groups of Ethiopian immigrants. The difference between the less recent immigrants and the Israeli-born children is smaller for most tasks; however, the less recent immigrants' performance is still poorer than that of the Israeli children. These results are compatible with those of other studies describing the difficulties encountered by children who had not studied in formal educational settings and those who have had that experience.

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Roessingh, Hetty, and Pat Kover. "Variability of ESL Learners' Acquisition of Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency: What Can We Learn From Achievement Measures?" TESL Canada Journal 21, no. 1 (October 30, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v21i1.271.

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With the revamping of the Canada Immigration Act in 1985, the demographic profile of new arrivals to Canada took a marked shift to place a priority on better educated, business-class immigrants. Most of these immigrants are from the Pacific Rim, and they have high expectations for the academic achievement of their children in the Canadian school system. The purpose of this study was to look at age on arrival and first-language proficiency of these children, as these factors interact with instructed ESL support on achievement measures in grade 12. Analysis of the data reveals that although all learners benefit from structured ESL support, it is the younger-arriving ESL learners who have the most to gain, even after many years of little or no support. We note that all ESL learners, regardless of age on arrival, struggle to acquire the cultural and metaphoric competence that is beyond the linguistic threshold required for success, but nevertheless central to successful engagement in a literature-based program of studies.

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Berry, John W., and Feng Hou. "Multiple belongings and psychological well-being among immigrants and the second generation in Canada." Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 51, no. 3 (July 2019): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000130.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Children of immigrants – Canada – Psychology'

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