Journal articles on the topic 'Children of drug addicts Case studies'
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1
Lifschitz, Marta H., Geraldine S. Wilson, E. O'Brian Smith, and Murdina M. Desmond. "Factors Affecting Head Growth and Intellectual Function in Children of Drug Addicts." Pediatrics 75, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.2.269.
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The effect of maternal heroin and methadone use on head growth and neurodevelopmental performance was studied in preschool children of untreated heroin addicts (n = 25), women receiving methadone therapy (n = 26), and a drug-free comparison group (n = 41) who had been followed from birth. The mean birth head circumference of both groups of drug-exposed infants was significantly below that of the comparison group; however, the only factors determined by multiple regression analysis as associated with head size at birth were maternal nutritional status and birth weight. By preschool age, head size did not differ significantly among groups. The factors associated with postnatal head growth were birth weight, intrapartum risk score, and race. Data show an increased incidence of low-average and mildly retarded intellectual performance in the drugexposed children. Regression analyses demonstrated that amount of prenatal care, prenatal risk score, and home environment were most predictive of intellectual performance and that the degree of maternal narcotic use was not a significant factor.
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Prewitasari, Kuswidianti Dharma. "KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK DI DALAM RUMAH REHABILITASI KELUARGA KEMBANG CAHAYA." Commed : Jurnal Komunikasi dan Media 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/commed.v3i2.1283.
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The increasingly modern like-day era, or commonly called the millennial era, is increasingly worrying about the rise of drug abuse. Many users or addicts come from children who are still underage. This is a serious problem for the Indonesian people, because generations are very easily involved in drug abuse cases and other legal actions. Related to drug problems, one step that needs to be done in handling this case by providing rehabilitation to users or addictions through drug use. The most important drug addicts in the rehabilitation center for the former drug addicts. One of the rehabilitation places in the city of Purwokerto under the name Kembang Cahaya Family Community. The Kembang Cahaya Family Community (Kekaca) is a group of organizations that want to use drug addicts in the healing process. Memory is a rehabilitation house for drug addicts who really want to recover on their own volition and not from solicitation. The pattern of family communication in the Messages is very pronounced. Communication that is like a relationship between a father and his children. In addition, activities in rehabilitation are also filled with a variety of positive activities, both spiritual and non-spiritual in order to be converted into the busyness and emptiness of the junkies in a more positive direction.
Keywords: Communication, Community, Drugs, Rehabilitation, Kekaca.
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Trulsson, Karin. "Masculine and feminine in a melting pot – A gendered perspective on substance abuse." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 20, no. 1 (February 2003): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250302000107.
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The purpose of this article is to describe similarities and differences between female and male substance abuse and to discuss what implications these may have or should have for treatment. The article mainly draws on qualitative social research. The material consists of a theoretic overview of Scandinavian empirical interdisciplinary research on male and female substance abuse. The focus is on marginalised abusers, who are the main targets of society's measures and interventions. The theoretical framework is built mainly on gender studies, but such terms as class and culture are also used. The analysis of the similarities and differences between male and female substance abuse is based on the concepts of gender contract, social ideal, gendered division of work, and socialisation (Hirdman 1988). As far as drugs are concerned, the social ideal is zero tolerance for both genders. In contrast, controlled use of alcohol is tolerated, while the social norm is that male drinking is more acceptable than female drinking. The fact that female drinking is considered more condemnable than male drinking contributes to the worse self-esteem and the higher prevalence of depression and suicide attempts among women. The requirements of “respectability”, care duties and sexual control that are imposed on women from the working- class perspective (Skeggs 1997) increase the demands made of women, whose substance abuse also tends to be associated with a greater sexual availability. The gendered division of work traditionally gives the main responsibility for home and children to the woman. In general, women to a greater extent than men make efforts to fulfil this ideal by stopping or controlling their substance abuse during pregnancy and the time they spend with children. However, there are also examples of both ‘oppositional’ men who shoulder the main responsibility for home and children and of ‘emancipated’ women who hand over the responsibility to the man and other close persons and in the case of which drug abuse can be seen as a part of the emancipation process. It has been possible to compensate for inadequate socialisation, i.e. the teen-age years that many women have “lost” due to substance abuse, by residential treatment of addicted women. Research findings indicate that abusers with poor treatment outcomes in residential treatment that is mainly given to men call for the same kind of treatment as that given to women. It has also been shown that the treatment of women does not meet the needs of women who have rejected the traditional female role model. Both new masculinities (Connell 1996) and new feminities emerge in a society in which masculine and feminine are in a melting pot. This involves a risk that men and women who do not adapt to the traditional role model become losers with regard to substance abuse services in the same way as the most marginalised abusers. Less attention is also being devoted to them in substance abuse research. Accordingly, research from both the gender and the class perspective could open up new perspectives and paths for the treatment of substance abusers.
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Ahmad Shahril, Nurul Saidatus Shaja'ah, Zarinah Arshat, and Haikal Anuar Adnan. "Parental stress and depression symptoms among B40 wives of drug addicts in Malaysia: Resilience as a mediator." F1000Research 11 (August 18, 2022): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.123365.1.
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Background: The prevalence of depression is higher among women in the general population. While previous studies have contributed to demonstrating a higher risk of depression among women, there is a scarcity of studies on depression issues among women who experienced life as a spouse to drug addicts. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between parental stress faced in raising children and depression. Moreover, the study intended to examine the impact of parental stress on depression as mediated by resilience. Methods: Using the purposive sampling method, a total of 132 B40 wives of drug addicts were chosen to participate in this study. Data were collected from six states in Malaysia using a structured questionnaire consisting of the Parental Stress Scale (PSS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). SmartPLS software version 3.3.7 was used to analyze the data collected. Results: Path analysis revealed that parental stress was significantly associated with depression through resilience. Specifically, the indirect effect highlighted that resilience was a partial mediator in the association between parental stress and depression. Nevertheless, it is also shown that even after accounting for the mediating role of resilience, parental stress still has a positive impact on depression. Conclusions: The present study proffers additional strategies to drug addicts’ wives, advocates, academicians, practitioners, and policymakers to approach depression issues in this community for better well-being.
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Mudzkiyyah, Lainatul. "Analisis Psikopatologi Sindroma Depresi Pecandu Narkoba Kini Abstinen yang Mengalami Stroke." PHILANTHROPY: Journal of Psychology 2, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v2i1.1136.
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<p>This study aimed to uncover how to analyze psychopathology in depth about drug addicts with depression syndrome after abstinence from substances and suffer a stroke. This study involved one (1) male subject, aged 22 years, drug addicts are now abstinent in drug rehabilitation treatment, experiencing depression, and stroke due to substances. This study used a qualitative approach to case studies. Data extraction in this study used observation, in-depth interviews, medical records, and psychological tests such SPM (Scale Progressive Matrick), Graphics (BAUM, DAP, HTP, WTZ), BDI II. The results of this study indicated that introverted personality types, low cognitive abilities, family neglect contributed to depression syndrome with poor prognosis. Other than that, experiencing depression was not caused by abstinence of substances but because of psychological factors.<strong></strong></p>
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Nursanti, Mutia, Rahtami Susanti, and Bayu Setiawan. "Criminal Liability of Child in Drug Circulation Case (Study of Decision Number 31/PID.SUS.ANAK/2015/PN.BKS)Criminal Liability of Child in Drug Circulation Case (Study of Decision Number 31/PID.SUS.ANAK/2015/PN.BKS)." UMPurwokerto Law Review 2, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/umplr.v2i2.8675.
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The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia, KPAI) found an increase in the involvement of children in the narcotics trade. In 2018, 5.9 million children in Indonesia were exposed as narcotics addicts, 27 percent of them or 1.6 million became narcotics dealers. This study aims to determine the criminal responsibility of children in narcotics trafficking cases in Decision Number 31/Pid.Sus.anak/2015/PN.BKS. The method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the study, the criminal responsibility of children in narcotics trafficking cases was legally and convincingly proven guilty of violating Article 111 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 132 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and sentenced to imprisonment for 7 months taking into account that the Defendant's actions are contrary to the government's program which is actively eradicating narcotics trafficking, the Defendant regrets his actions and promises not to do it again, the Defendant is still underage and lacks attention from his parents, the Defendant has never been punished. So that narcotics cases against children do not grow rapidly, an anti-narcotics ambassador program is held in each school regularly every year so that school students are always reminded not to abuse narcotics and in the RT/RW/Village community a task force for handling narcotics abuse is formed to prevent abuse as early as possible. narcotics in the environment are still. Keywords: Criminal Liability, Children, Narcotics Circulation
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Atamewan, Eugene Ehimatie. "Architecture and Societal Problems: Development of Rehab Facility for Drug Addicts Reintegration." Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53898/josse2022241.
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Drug abuse problems in recent times have become an issue of grave concern and worrisome globally, with similar consequences for society. The paper emphasized the role of architecture in facilitating a therapeutic process for drug addicts in rehabilitation centre design as one of the solutions to this problem. Architectural spaces undoubtedly affect and influence the actions and attitudes of users. The study aims to integrate therapeutic techniques in rehabilitation centre design with enhanced spatial efficiency for holistic patient treatment to integrate them back into society. The methodology of the study is both theoretical and practical, involving a literature review, appraisal of case studies; observations, use of interviews and architectural design principles to formulate and produce a design model for a rehab centre in Calabar, Nigeria. Findings revealed that there are no known well-designed centres to rehabilitate victims of drug addiction in Calabar, Nigeria. The few centres available function as detention and discriminating spaces. The study concludes that rehab centres that focus on the therapeutic healing principles approach, which deals with patients’ mental, psychological, social and spiritual needs, should be developed in Calabar and other cities in Nigeria for swift rehabilitation of addicts.
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Thanuzraj, Lazar Stanislaus. "Ministry and Contextualized Mission." Mission Studies 21, no. 2 (2004): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573383042653712.
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AbstractIn this article, Indian missiologist Lazar Stanislaus reflects briefly on the nature of ministry, whether lay or ordained. He then proposes a number of new ministries which are emerging out of the contemporary Indian context, among which are ministries to street children, drug addicts, prostitutes and their children, and the ministry of empowering women. In a third section the author suggests that commitment to Jesus, learning from the people, promoting individual initiative, working for the leadership of marginalized peoples and a knowledge of other religions are ways by which new contextualized ministries can emerge in the church. Finally, five challenges to such ministries are proposed. Only when these challenges are met will ministry in the Indian Church – or any church – be truly rooted in the local context, and so truly reflect the ministry of Jesus himself.
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Eckenwiler, Lisa. "Why Not Retribution? The Particularized Imagination and Justice for Pregnant Addicts." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 1 (2004): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00452.x.
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The Law is a grim, unsmiling thing, Not Justice, though. Justice is witty and whimsical and kind and caring.Rohinton Misuy, A Fine Balance;When the South Carolina Supreme Court upheld the conviction and twelve-year sentence of Regina McKnight, it affirmed that state 's commitment to bring the full force of the law to the punishment of pregnant women who use drugs. Prosecutors linked the delivery of Ms.McKnight 's stillborn baby to her use of cocaine, and argued successfully for a finding of homicide by child abuse. The McKnight judgment follows the South Carolina Supreme Court decision in the case of Cornelia Whitner. Whitner was sentenced to prison for illegal drug use during pregnancy on the grounds that the viable fetus is a child under the state s criminal child endangerment statute.On the basis of constitutional concerns such as due process and privacy, worries that criminal prosecutions may thwart public policy goals such as keeping families together and promoting the health of women and children, and findings that legislatures did not intend to include the fetus in the scope of drug laws or child abuse and neglect laws, criminal prosecution has been resisted in most jurisdictions.
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Adlouni, Youssra El, Joumana El Masrioui, Zakaria Wakrim, El Jamili Mohammed, El Karimi Saloua, Benzarouel Dounia, and El Hattaoui Mustapha. "Infectious Endocarditis of the Right Heart: Complication of Central Venous Catheter: About A Case." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2022.v10i09.029.
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Endocarditis of the right heart is a rare pathology, affecting in most cases the tricuspid valve. It affects more patients with congenital heart disease, patients with central catheters or intra-cardiac foreign material, and is frequently seen in drug addicts, particularly in those with positive HIV serology or immunocompromised patients. There are few studies focusing solely on right heart endocarditis and these are mainly conducted in industrialized countries. We report in this observation the case of a 48-year-old patient diagnosed with infective endocarditis of the right heart related to a catheter superinfection in an immunocompromised environment. The interest of our work lies in the seriousness of this condition and the need for early therapeutic and preventive measures.
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Johnson, Jeannette L., and Michelle Leff. "Children of Substance Abusers: Overview of Research Findings." Pediatrics 103, Supplement_2 (May 1, 1999): 1085–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.103.s2.1085.
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A relationship between parental substance abuse and subsequent alcohol problems in their children has been documented extensively. Children of alcoholics (COAs) are considered to be at high risk because there is a greater likelihood that they will develop alcoholism compared with a randomly selected child from the same community. COAs and children of other drug-abusing parents are especially vulnerable to the risk for maladaptive behavior because they have combinations of many risk factors present in their lives. The single most potent risk factor is their parent's substance-abusing behavior. This single risk factor can place children of substance abusers at biologic, psychologic, and environmental risk. Since the turn of the century, many reports have described the deleterious influence of parental alcoholism on their children. A series of studies measured mortality, physiology, and general health in the offspring of alcoholic parents and concluded that when mothers stopped drinking during gestation, their children were healthier. Today, research on COAs can be classified into studies of fetal alcohol syndrome, the transmission of alcoholism, psychobiologic markers of vulnerability, and psychosocial characteristics. Each of these studies hypothesizes that differences between COAs and children of nonalcoholics influence maladaptive behaviors later in life, such as academic failure or alcoholism. This research supports the belief that COAs are at risk for a variety of problems that may include behavioral, psychologic, cognitive, or neuropsychologic deficits. The vast literature on COAs far outweighs the literature on children of other drug abusers. Relatively little is known about children of heroin addicts, cocaine abusers, or polydrug abusers. Nonetheless, many researchers suggest that the children of addicted parents are at greater risk for later dysfunctional behaviors and that they, too, deserve significant attention to prevent intergenerational transmission of drug abuse. Most research on children of other drug abusers examines fetal exposure to maternal drug abuse. The overview of the research on children of substance abusers points toward the need for better, longitudinal research in this area. Most studies on COAs or other drug abusers are not longitudinal; they examine behavior at one point in time. Given the studies reviewed in this article, it is unclear whether we see true deficits or developmental delay. Longitudinal studies will allow us to predict when early disorders and behavioral deviations will be transient or when they will be precursors to more severe types of maladaptive behavior. Longitudinal research also will enable us to explain specific childhood outcomes. Differences in outcome could be studied simultaneously to understand whether antecedents discovered for one are specific to it or are general antecedents leading to a broad variety of outcomes.
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Roberts, Elizabeth F. S. "What Gets Inside: Violent Entanglements and Toxic Boundaries in Mexico City." Cultural Anthropology 32, no. 4 (November 18, 2017): 592–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca32.4.07.
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Entanglement is a key concept in contemporary anthropology and science and technology studies. By tracing the contingent and uncertain relations that endow objects with seemingly stable boundaries, entanglement allows us to see how such boundaries restrict our ability to know the world better. This article examines the concept of entanglement in the context of contemporary life in a working-class Mexico City neighborhood, Colonia Periférico, and a longitudinal environmental health project that studies the neighborhood’s residents. While entanglement has its uses, the entanglement of working-class bodies with globalizing processes like NAFTA and the ongoing War on Drugs shows that the concept has its limits. For working-class residents, life is already deeply entangled with chronic economic and political instability shaped through the violent ravages of transnational capital. Instead, I trace how residents in Colonia Periférico secure stability through toxic boundaries that protectively keep out the disruptive effects of police and public health surveillance. Colonia Periférico’s boundaries, which include a sewage-filled dam, cement dust, and freeway exhaust, are clearly entangled with residents’ bodies. They get inside. These entanglements are the price paid for a remarkable stability, in which children can play on the streets and attentive care for drug-addicted and disabled residents is part of everyday life. With the goal of knowing the world better, then, we might complicate celebratory calls for the uncertainty of entanglement by taking into account both the practices that make boundaries and what boundaries have to offer.
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Buchanan, David, Kaveh Khoshnood, Tom Stopka, Susan Shaw, Claudia Santelices, and Merrill Singer. "Ethical Dilemmas Created by the Criminalization of Status Behaviors: Case Examples from Ethnographic Field Research with Injection Drug Users." Health Education & Behavior 29, no. 1 (February 2002): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810202900105.
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The criminalization of behaviors such as the ingestion of certain mood-altering drugs creates ethical dilemmas for researchers studying those behaviors. The Syringe Access, Use, and Discard (SAUD) project is designed to uncover microcontextual factors that influence HIV and hepatitis risk behaviors of injection drug users. The article presents seven ethical dilemmas encountered using ethnographic methods: issues involving syringe replacement at injection locales, risks of participants’ arrest, potential disruptions in participants’ supply routes, risks of research staff arrest, threats to the protection of confidentiality, issues surrounding informed consent in working with addicts, and the confiscation of potentially incriminating information by police. The article concludes with a discussion of the limitations of traditional ethical frameworks, such as utilitarianism, for resolving these dilemmas and recommends instead improving public health professionals’capacity for practical reasoning ( phronesis) through the greater use of case studies in public health curricula.
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Newman, Tanya. "Creating the Role: How Dramatherapy Can Assist in Re/Creating an Identity with Recovering Addicts." Dramatherapy 38, no. 2-3 (July 1, 2017): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02630672.2017.1340492.
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This article focuses on the use of role with two individuals in group dramatherapy treatment after active addiction. With current studies evidencing the success of the 12-step programme, this case study looks at psychodynamic dramatherapy after 12-step based primary treatment for alcohol and drug addiction. Once the role of the addict is removed, the symptom roles of ‘liar’, ‘failure’ and ‘the depressed’ are often left. Once a member of Narcotics Anonymous/Alcoholics Anonymous the role of ‘recovering addict’ is inserted and the individual is accepted into the recovery community. The multiple case study research focuses on methodology that enables improving resilience and self worth. The study uses the application of role in dramatherapy to identify, express and begin to reconfigure roles and sub-roles. It gives an honest account of personal challenges in relation to the (im)possibilities of brief therapy. Through two qualitative multiple case studies, the research focuses on two individuals in a group setting who differ in identity-related circumstances into addiction, the therapeutic process and how a psychodynamic dramatherapy role method can assist in the (re)creation of identity post addiction.
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Jagganath, Gerelene. "Exploring Township Youth Perceptions: Vulnerable Girls and Their Caregivers in Chatsworth, Durban." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 20, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x20952959.
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This article is based on a longitudinal, ethnographic study conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012 among caregivers of female youth substance abusers in Chatsworth. Together with personnel of the Anti Drug Forum (ADF), the researcher used several qualitative research techniques, including participant observation, interviews, and focus group meetings to compile in-depth case studies of a small sample of vulnerable female youth drug addicts, primarily from the perspective of their caregivers. While the research questions focused on their substance-abuse experiences and challenges, the religious perceptions and spiritual practices of the young women and their caregivers raised several pertinent debates relating to religious identity specific to Chatsworth. The article also draws on a number of studies, news articles, and community discussions to supplement a topic that has been under-researched. For the purposes of this article and the religious affiliation of the sample, a snapshot of youth perceptions on Christianity and Hinduism in the township context will be examined.
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Radunovic-Gojkovic, Tatjana, and Gordana Velisavljev-Filipovic. "Neonatal withdrawal syndrome: Case report." Medical review 62, no. 3-4 (2009): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0904181r.
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Introduction. Maternal drug abuse has increased over the past decade. It has a multiple negative influence on a pregnant woman, as well as her newborn. Practically, every drug taken during pregnancy crosses the placenta, and the developing fetus may also be affected by the effects of a drug. After delivery, an infant of a drug-abusing mother may potentially develop neonatal withdrawal syndrome. Existing studies on the neonatal effects of drug exposure in utero are subject to many factors. Many studies have relied on the history obtained from the mother, which is innacurate. Urine testing for drug abuse does not reflect exposure to a drug through pregnancy and does not provide quantitative information. Social and economic deprivation is common among drug abusers, and this factor has a major effect on long term studies of infant outcome. The purpose of this article is to underline the problems during management of a neonatal withdrawal syndrom, and growing incidence of it in our society. Case report. A case of an infant of a heroin-abusing mother is reported. Conclusion. It is very important to take care of an infant with neonatal withdrawal syndrome, but it is also of a great importance to supervise these children for a long period of time.
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Caballero, Joshua, Katalin I. Koranyi, Michael T. Brady, and Milap C. Nahata. "Depression in Children with HIV Infection: A Case Series." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-10.1.51.
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About 46,000 individuals younger than 25 years of age currently have a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). During their lifetime, approximately one-third of patients with HIV may develop depression. While antidepressants have been studied in adults with HIV, no data exist to support the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents with HIV. We report a case series of seven pediatric patients with HIV who were prescribed antidepressants. Six of seven patients had mild to moderate improvements in depressive symptoms. None of our patients experienced any suicidal ideations, and adverse events were minor. No drug-drug interactions were reported, and no significant changes in CD4 counts, CD4 percentages, or viral loads occurred during antidepressant therapy. Placebo-controlled, randomized studies are needed to confirm our results in this patient population.
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Alrafiah, Aziza R., Mohammed M. Abu-Illah, Rania M. Magadmi, Aqeel Aqeel, Abdulmuttaleb Najmi, and Sattam Jaddoh. "Increased Inflammatory Markers at AMPH-Addicts Are Related to Neurodegenerative Conditions: Alzheimer’s Disease." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115536.
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Amphetamine addiction is widespread worldwide despite causing severe physical and mental problems, including neurodegeneration. One of the most common neurodegenerative disorders is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several inflammatory markers have been linked to AD. Previous studies have also found these biomarkers in amphetamine-addicts (AMPH-add). This study thus seeks to understand how AD and AMPH-addiction are related. A case–control observational study was conducted. Seventeen AMPH-adds ranging in age from 23 to 40 were recruited from Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital. In addition, 19 healthy subjects matching their age and gender were also recruited. The Luminex technique was used to measure serum alpha 1 antichymotrypsin (ACT), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP-4), after complying with ethical guidelines and obtaining informed consent. In addition, liver function enzymes were correlated to AD’s predictive biomarkers in AMPH-adds. AMPH-adds had significantly higher serum levels of ACT, PEDF, and MIP-4 when compared to healthy controls (p = 0.03, p = 0.001, and p = 0.012, respectively). Furthermore, there is a significant correlation between lower ALT levels and elevated AST to ALT ratios in AMPH-adds (r = 0.618, 0.651, and p = 0.0001). These changes in inflammatory biomarkers may be linked to the onset of AD at a young age in amphetamine-drug addicts.
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Verhaeghe, Tom, Marc De Meulder, Vera Hillewaert, Lieve Dillen, and Hans Stieltjes. "Capillary microsampling in clinical studies: opportunities and challenges in two case studies." Bioanalysis 12, no. 13 (July 2020): 905–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0054.
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Aim: Capillary microsampling of 15 μl whole blood from fingersticks or heelsticks was used to collect pharmacokinetic (PK) samples from pediatric subjects in two projects. Results: In a mebendazole multisite study in Ethiopia and Rwanda in subjects between 1 and 16 years old, complete PK profiles (7 timepoints) could be obtained, although some of the fingerstick samples were contaminated by the dosing formulation. In a multisite study with a respiratory syncytial virus drug in children between 1 and 24 months old, sparse PK sampling was done (2 samples). All samples were successfully analyzed even though some capillaries were not properly filled. Conclusion: CMS shows potential for PK sampling in pediatrics but may need further optimization.
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Ge, Jie, Shan-Shan Cao, Xiao-Yu Cao, Meng Tang, Fei Mu, Yi Qiao, Yue Guan, and Jing-Wen Wang. "Lamotrigine induced priapism in children: case analysis and literature review." Journal of International Medical Research 50, no. 11 (November 2022): 030006052211339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221133988.
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Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug that can be used to control many types of seizures as a single-agent or an add-on therapy in patients over 2 years of age. In addition to common adverse reactions, this current case report describes a paediatric male patient with a rare side-effect of persistent penile erectile due to lamotrigine. Previous studies have shown that it can improve sexual function in adult male patients. This patient suffered from refractory epilepsy and pneumonia. He had taken a variety of antiepileptic drugs for a long time and developed priapism after the dosage of lamotrigine had been increased. The priapism improved after drug withdrawal and sedation. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of this rare side-effect.
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Savarkar, Tushar, and Shankar Das. "Mental Health Problems among Street Children: The Case of India." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.2.1.05.
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A number of studies indicate that street children are vulnerable for exposure to poly-victimization, which includes various types of physical abuse, sexual violence, bullying and exposure to violence, neglect, drug abuse. These children may suffer severe mental health outcomes due to chronic exposure to psychosocial distress, specifically anxiety and depression. An analytical review of the literature was undertaken to examine the research studies on the psychological and social impact of the living condition on the street children from both a national and global lens. Research evidence indicates that there is a strong correlation between mental health and overall holistic development of the individual. The paper finally provides a conceptual framework of vulnerabilities and mental health of street children, implications for future research, interventions and public policy.
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Tekliye, Endashaw, Tinsae Alemayehu, and Tigist Bacha. "Clinical, immunologic and virologic outcomes of children and adolescents receiving second line anti-retroviral therapy in two referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): e0249085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249085.
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Background Ethiopia launched free access for antiretroviral therapy in 2005. The number of patients on second line antiretroviral treatment has increased with each passing year. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical, immunological and virologic outcomes of children and adolescents receiving second line anti-retroviral therapy in two referral hospitals, Yekatit 12 and Zewditu Memorial Hospitals, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods This was a hospital based retrospective cohort study conducted among children and adolescents aged 18 years and less and receiving a second line antiretroviral drugs. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Means and percentages were used for nominal variables. Statistical analysis was made using statistical software–SPSS 23.0. Kaplan Meier analysis, long rank test and multivariate Cox proportion model were used to identify factors affecting survival. Results A total of 75 children and adolescents were studied with a mean age of 13.28 years (SD: 4) with a mean treatment period on second line regimens of 35.2 months (SD: 21.8 months). Forty-eight participants were experiencing successful measures (in all three parameters) for their second line anti-retroviral treatment. Ten had virologic treatment failure while seven had died. Both treatment failure and death rates were higher within the first two years of treatment. Poor treatment adherence (Adjusted hazard ratio: 5.1 (95% CI: 1.1–23.2; p-value = 0.02)) and advanced World Health Organization clinical stage at start of the second line antiretrovirals (Adjusted hazard ratio: 7.51 (95% CI: 1.35–18.02; p-value = 0.002)) correlated significantly with survival of children and adolescents receiving treatment. Conclusions The study describes clinical, immunological and virologic outcomes of second line antiretroviral treatment in a pediatric cohort under care in two hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Poor adherence and pre-treatment advanced clinical stages were predictors of survival.
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Murata, Kenji, Sagano Onoyama, Kenichiro Yamamura, Yumi Mizuno, Kenji Furuno, Keita Matsubara, Ken Hatae, et al. "Kawasaki Disease and Vaccination: Prospective Case-Control and Case-Crossover Studies among Infants in Japan." Vaccines 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080839.
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The causal effects of vaccines on Kawasaki disease (KD) remain elusive. We aimed to examine the association between vaccines administered during infancy and the development of KD in Japan. We conducted a multicenter prospective case-control study using questionnaires and compared the vaccination status of infants (age: 6 weeks to 9 months) who developed KD (KD group; n = 102) and those who did not develop KD (non-KD group; n = 139). Next, we performed a case-crossover study of 98 cases in the KD group and compared the status of vaccinations between the case and control periods. We also compared the incidence of KD in children for each 5-year period before and after the addition of new vaccines (2012–2013) using data from the Nationwide Survey of KD. In the case-control study, the vaccination status of the KD and control groups did not differ to a statistically significant extent. Multivariable analysis of the vaccination status and patient backgrounds showed no significant association between vaccination and KD development. In the case-crossover study, the status of vaccinations during the case and control periods did not differ to a statistically significant extent. In the analysis of data from the Nationwide Survey of KD, the incidence of KD in children of ages subject to frequent vaccination showed no significant increases in the latter five years, 2014–2018. Based on these prospective analyses, we confirmed that vaccination in early infancy did not affect the risk of KD.
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Frye, Stephen V. "Drug discovery in academic institutions." Hematology 2013, no. 1 (December 6, 2013): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.300.
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Abstract Although academic science has always provided a fundamental understanding of the biological and clinical basis of disease, the opportunity and imperative for academics to contribute more directly to the discovery of new medicines continues to grow. Embedding medicinal chemists with cancer biologists creates collaborative opportunities for drug discovery and the design and synthesis of chemical biology tool compounds (chemical probes) to better elucidate the role of specific proteins and pathways in biology and disease. Two case studies are presented here: (1) the discovery of inhibitors of mer kinase to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and (2) the discovery of chemical probes targeting epigenetic regulators. These case studies provide lessons in target selection strategies, the requirement for iterative optimization of lead compounds (useful drugs/probes rarely come directly from a screen), and the value of mutually dependent collaborations between medicinal chemists and cancer biologists.
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Ahmadinejad, Mjtaba, Elham Valimohammdi, Ghazale Molaverdi, Seydehamideh Hashemi, Mohammad Hadi Bahri, and Javad Zebarjadi Bagherpour. "Can Heroin Poisoning Lead to Stomach Necrosis? A Case Report." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 38932. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i4.38932.
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Background: According to the last report of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNOCD), opiate use (including heroin) is 1.2% of the world population. In Iran, about 2 million people are drug addicts. Heroin reduces gastric motility and prolongs gastric emptying time and causes gastric dilation which can be a reason for gastric ischemia. Gastric ischemia is an uncommon condition due to the rich gastric blood perfusion and collateral arteries. As some studies show, gastric dilation can be the cause of gastric necrosis. Methods: A 22-year-old woman presented to our hospital with severe abdominal pain and several episodes of vomiting. The patient declared that she had a history of addiction to methamphetamine and heroin. Abdominal examination revealed a soft and non-distended abdomen with generalized tenderness, mostly in the hypogastric region without rebound tenderness. Abdominal radiograph revealed that the stomach was highly distended. Abdominal CT without contrast confirmed severe gastric dilatation. In endoscopy, multiple necrotic lesions were seen throughout the stomach and mostly in the proximal part. Our finding in the laparotomy was gastric necrosis in the proximal part, which resulted in a total gastrectomy. Esophagojejunostomy was performed with roux en y reconstruction after total gastrectomy. Conclusion: Opioids can increase the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and can increase the risk of infection in the GI tract. In our case, heroin abuse caused gastric dilation and massive gastric necrosis.
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Dixon, Eleanor Grace, Charlotte EM Rugg-Gunn, Vanessa Sellick, Ian P. Sinha, and Daniel B. Hawcutt. "Adverse drug reactions of leukotriene receptor antagonists in children with asthma: a systematic review." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (October 2021): e001206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001206.
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BackgroundAsthma is the most common chronic condition of childhood. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are included in international guidelines for children and young people (CYP), but there have been highly publicised concerns about potential adverse effects. The aim was to identify and understand the reported frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributed to LTRAs in CYP with asthma.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL were searched up to October 2020. Reference lists of eligible papers were manually screened. Eligible studies identified adverse events attributed to an LTRA in individuals aged between 0 and 18 years diagnosed with asthma. Four different tools were used to assess risk of bias or quality of data to accommodate the papers assessed.ResultsThe search identified 427 papers after deduplication; 15 were included (7 case reports, 7 case–controlled or cohort studies and 1 randomised control trial (RCT)). 7012 patients were recorded, of which 6853 received an LTRA. 13 papers examined the ADRs attributed to montelukast, one to pranlukast and one to unspecified LTRAs. After language standardisation, 48 ADRs were found, 20 of which were psychiatric disorders. Across all studies, the most commonly reported ADRs were ‘anxiety’, ‘sleep disorders’ and ‘mood disorders’. The frequency of ADRs could be calculated in seven of the eight studies. Applying standardised frequency terms to the prospective studies and RCT, there were 14 ‘common’ and ‘uncommon’ ADRs. ‘Common’ ADRs included ‘agitation/hyperactivity/irritability/nervousness’, ‘aggression’ and ‘headache’. The case reports showed a similar pattern, describing 46 different ADRs experienced by a total of eight patients.ConclusionsLTRAs have a wide range of suspected ADRs in CYP, predominantly gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric disorders. Careful monitoring of CYP with asthma is required, both to assess and manage ADRs and to step treatment down when clinically stable.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020209627.
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Nikzadeh, Elham, and Mansour Soudani. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Drama Therapy by Psychodrama Method on Psychological Well-Being and False Beliefs of Addicts—Case Study: Persian Gulf Addiction Treatment Center in the City of Bushehr." Review of European Studies 8, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n3p148.
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<p>This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psychodrama on psychological well-being and false beliefs of people with drug abuse referred to Persian Gulf residential center in the city of Bushehr. The methodology of this study was experimental with pretest-posttest design and following up with the control group. For the purpose, among the people referring to this center, 30 patients (15 as experimental group and 15 as control group) were randomly selected. Research tools included a psychological well-being questionnaire (1986) and irrational beliefs of Jones (1969). Psychodrama interventional program was presented as a group to the participants of the experimental group during twelve 90-minute sessions. Analysis of data covariance showed that the psychodrama, in the experimental group, has significantly increased psychological well-being of subjects in making positive relations with others, autonomy, self-acceptance, environmental mastery, personal growth and a purposeful life, and reduced irrational beliefs such as emotional irresponsibility, avoiding dealing with the problems, helplessness in the face of change and demand for approval from others.</p>
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Mangunatmadja, Irawan, Raden Muhammad Indra, Dwi Putro Widodo, and Achmad Rafli. "Risk Factors for Drug Resistance in Epileptic Children with Age of Onset above Five Years: A Case-Control Study." Behavioural Neurology 2021 (November 10, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9092824.
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Background. Children with epilepsy with onset above five years encompass distinct epidemiological and clinical characteristics that may have specific risk factors for resistance to antiseizure medications (ASMs). Studies on this age group are limited. Purpose. To identify risk factors for drug resistance in children with epilepsy with the age of onset above five years. Methods. A case-control study was conducted on children with epilepsy with the age of onset above five years visiting the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo and Mohammad Hoesin Hospital between September 2015 and August 2016. Cases consisted of drug-resistant children while control consisted of drug-responsive children according to 2010 ILAE classification. Risk factors studied include onset, number of seizures, illness duration before treatment, cause, seizure type, status epilepticus, initial and evolution of EEG, brain imaging, and initial treatment response. Results. Thirty-two pairs of children were included in the study. After logistic regression analysis, symptomatic etiology and failure to achieve early response to treatment were found to be associated with drug resistance with adjusted OR of 84.71 (95% CI: 5.18-1359.15) and 72.55 (95% CI: 7.08-743.85), respectively. Conclusion. Poor initial response to ASM and symptomatic etiology are independent risk factors for drug resistance in children with epilepsy with the age of onset above five years.
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Alu, Stephanie N., Evan A. Los, George A. Ford, and William L. Stone. "Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: The Case for Future Pediatric Redoxomics Studies." Antioxidants 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071336.
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Considerable evidence supports the role of oxidative stress in adult type 2 diabetes (T2D). Due to increasing rates of pediatric obesity, lack of physical activity, and consumption of excess food calories, it is projected that the number of children living with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and T2D will markedly increase with enormous worldwide economic costs. Understanding the factors contributing to oxidative stress and T2D risk may help develop optimal early intervention strategies. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress, triggered by excess dietary fat consumption, causes excess mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emission in skeletal muscle, alters redox status, and promotes insulin resistance leading to T2D. The pathophysiological events arising from excess calorie-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production are complex and not yet investigated in children. Systems medicine is an integrative approach leveraging conventional medical information and environmental factors with data obtained from “omics” technologies such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. In adults with T2D, systems medicine shows promise in risk assessment and predicting drug response. Redoxomics is a branch of systems medicine focusing on “omics” data related to redox status. Systems medicine with a complementary emphasis on redoxomics can potentially optimize future healthcare strategies for adults and children with T2D.
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Bah, Yahya Muhammed. "Drug Abuse Among Street Children (Case Study: Commercial Vans Casual Apprentices at Car Parks)." Journal of Advance Research in Medical & Health Science (ISSN: 2208-2425) 4, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 110–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmhs.v4i9.608.
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In The Gambia like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the children. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there are some studies on drug abuse, there is none on children and drug abuse focusing on the street children the most vulnerable category. Street children are hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: level of knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, level of knowledge of the causes of it in the community and among street children, level of knowledge of negative impacts of it, level of knowledge of the preventive methods; and level of knowledge of the support services and treatments needed by victims. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analyzed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among other things, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feelings towards it are mixed. Like other children, street children are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, desire to be trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behavior, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behavior including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including STIs and HIV/AIDS. Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug. Though in the minority, some have started experimenting cocaine/coke, hashish; and heroin. While participants have good knowledge of the critical methods to fight drug abuse, the support services needed by victims, victims are mostly reluctant to seek the services not only because they are hard to find but fear societal stigmatization, exclusion and discrimination and professionals’ maltreatments.
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Pindrik, Jonathan, Nguyen Hoang, Luke Smith, Mark Halverson, Mary Wojnaroski, Kelly McNally, Satyanarayana Gedela, and Adam P. Ostendorf. "Preoperative evaluation and surgical management of infants and toddlers with drug-resistant epilepsy." Neurosurgical Focus 45, no. 3 (September 2018): E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.7.focus18220.
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OBJECTIVEDespite perioperative risks, epilepsy surgery represents a legitimate curative or palliative treatment approach for children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Several factors characterizing infants and toddlers with DRE create unique challenges regarding optimal evaluation and management. Epilepsy surgery within children < 3 years of age has received moderate attention in the literature, including mainly case series and retrospective studies. This article presents a systematic literature review and explores multidisciplinary considerations for the preoperative evaluation and surgical management of infants and toddlers with DRE.METHODSThe study team conducted a systematic literature review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, targeting studies that investigated children < 3 years of age undergoing surgical treatment of DRE. Using the PubMed database, investigators selected peer-reviewed articles that reported seizure outcomes with or without developmental outcomes and/or perioperative complications. Studies were eliminated based on the following exclusion criteria: sample size < 5 patients; and inclusion of patients > 3 years of age, when demographic and outcomes data could not be separated from the cohort of patients < 3 years of age.RESULTSThe study team identified 20 studies published between January 1990 and May 2017 that satisfied eligibility criteria. All selected studies represented retrospective reviews, observational studies, and uncontrolled case series. The compiled group of studies incorporated 465 patients who underwent resective or disconnective surgery (18 studies, 444 patients) or vagus nerve stimulator insertion (2 studies, 21 patients). Patient age at surgery ranged between 28 days and 36 months, with a mean of 16.8 months (1.4 years).DISCUSSIONThe study team provided a detailed summary of the literature review, focusing on the etiologies, preoperative evaluation, surgical treatments, seizure and developmental outcomes, and potential for functional recovery of infants and toddlers with DRE. Additionally, the authors discussed special considerations in this vulnerable age group from the perspective of multiple disciplines.CONCLUSIONSWhile presenting notable challenges, pediatric epilepsy surgery within infants and toddlers (children < 3 years of age) offers significant opportunities for improved seizure frequency, neuro-cognitive development, and quality of life. Successful evaluation and treatment of young children with DRE requires special consideration of multiple aspects related to neurological and physiological immaturity and surgical morbidity.
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Shul’gina, Elena V. "The Current Substance Abuse Trends in Russia and the West." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 7, no. 4 (2019): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6811.
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This paper selects and analyzes the key trends of current substance abuse that are most widespread in western European countries, the USA, Canada, and Russia, while also reviewing their differences and similarities. Foreign case studies, along with the results of analyzing the most prominent trends of substance abuse, must be accounted for when designing the optimal and most efficient measures for impacting the current drug abuse situation and eliminating its negative consequences. This paper examines the motivations and factors that encourage substance abuse; the phenomenon of substance abuse normalization; and the problems with identifying modern drug addicts that may arise as they try to adapt their behavior. The paper is based on a secondary analysis of several surveys among the working-age population (2013, 2016, 2017), as well as a college youth survey, entitled “The Student Lifestyle: Behavior Risks” (Ivanovo, Krasnodar, Moscow, Rybinsk, Chita, Yaroslavl). All of the above studies were conducted by the deviant behavior sociology sector of the RAS Federal Sociology Research Center. In addition, we considered surveys of college students in the USA and students in higher education in Canada. The analysis shows that: the age of first drug use is shifting upwards, which signifies that people are consciously deciding to consume addictive substances as mature individuals; there is an emerging trend of people aged 50 and over being introduced to addictive substances; the most popular motivation for consuming such substances is hedonism, i.e. the desire for pleasure; the attitude towards substance abuse is growing more and more tolerant, as introduction to recreational psychoactive drugs is becoming a fact of life and drug use is being integrated into society; modern substance abuse patterns still remain largely latent. We also consider foreign researchers’ insights, which warrant attention as we analyze the situation regarding substance abuse in Russian society and work on an effective anti-drug and addiction prevention policy.
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Arianto, Satriyo Bagus, and Wulandari Rima Ramadhani. "Eksekusi Rehabilitasi Pecandu Narkotika Anak Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Restorative Justice." Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus 5, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/jhmo.v5i2.6808.
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Abstract
Circulation of Drug Trafficking has arisen largely and many can be seen from the increasing number of drug users by 0.15 percent from 2019 to 2021, these increasing number of users threatening the society in Indonesia. Drugs not only ensnare adults but also children can become victims of these addictive substances, because drugs are considered extraordinary crimes as such they later will be prosecuted, but doing so can cause both physical and psychological burdens on children due to the severity of the judicial process and criticism from the public on their status as a suspect, so other efforts are needed for drug cases in children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the execution of rehabilitation in child drug addicts and to analyze the execution of rehabilitation as a form of restorative justice. The legal research method used in this paper is normative research method by using statute approach, conseptual approach and fenomenologi approach. The changing concept of this paper relied on restorative justice concept whereas in children drug addict cases based on UU No.11/2012 which limited restorative justice concept only on diversion while restorative justice gets an extensive approach in Perkapolri. Based on the current regulation, the drug cases on children found better way in drug cases by rehabilitation outside the justice system which also complies with restorative justice and involves all parties to resolve the case fairly and restoring the children drug addict.
Keywords: children drug addict; rehabilitation; restorative justice
Abstrak
Peredaran narkotika yang semakin luas dan banyak dilihat dari meningkatnya jumlah pengguna narkotika sebanyak 0,15 persen dari tahun 2019sampai dengan tahun 2021, hal ini semakin mengancam masyarakat di Indonesia. Narkotika tidak hanya menjerat orang dewasa namun juga anak-anak menjadi korban dari zat adiktif tersebut, karena narkotika merupakan kejahatan luar biasa maka mereka akan di proses secara peradilan, namun hal itu dapat menyebabkan beban baik fisik maupun psikis anak terhadap beratnya proses peradilan dan kecaman dari masyarakat atas statusnya yang menjadi tersangka, maka diperlukan upaya lain untuk kasus narkotika pada anak-anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis terkait eksekusi rehabilitasi pada pecandu narkotika anak dan menganalisis terkait eksekusi rehabilitasi sebagai bentuk restorative justice. Dalam penelitian hukum ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Normatif yang dilakukan dengan cara pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan fenomenologi. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada konsep restorative justice, pada kasus anak khususnya pecandu anak melihat pada UU No.11/2012 di mana restorative justice hanya terbatas pada diversi sedangkan restorative justice mendapat perluasan konsep tersebut yang diatur pada Perkapolri. Dari pengaturan yang ada, pada kasus pecandu anak menemukan jalan yang lebih baik untuk anak-anak yang terkait kasus narkotika, yaitu berupa Rehabilitasi yang diberikan di luar proses peradilan, yang memenuhi juga dari segi restorative justice, serta melibatkan semua pihak untuk menyelesaikan masalah secara adil dan melakukan pemulihan terhadap anak tersebut.
Kata Kunci: keadilan restorasi; pecandu anak; rehabilitasi
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Siracusano, R., E. Germanò, T. Calarese, A. Magazù, V. Cigala, M. Lamberti, E. Spina, and A. Gagliano. "Aripiprazole in children with multiple-complex developmental disorder (McDD): a case series." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72989-3.
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IntroductionMultiple-complex Developmental Disorder (McDD) is a developmental disorder characterized by peculiar clinical features: affective dysregulation (anxiety, panic and aggressivity), impairment of social behaviour and hypersensitivity, impaired cognitive processing. McDD is usually included within the Pervasive Developmental Disorders not otherwise specified (PDD NOS) (Cohen et al. 1986; Towbin et al. 1993). Aripiprazole is a new atypical antipsychotic drug. Efficacy of aripiprazole in children and adolescents is supported by some studies (Findling et al. 2007, Wink at al 2010; Kim et al 2010).AimsThe aim of our study is to describe the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in 4 children with Multiple-complex Developmental Disorder.MethodsMean dosage of aripiprazole was 5 mg/day. Response was evaluated by clinical assessment and by Clinical Global Impressions Scale-Severity, Clinical Global Impressions Scale- Improvement, Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. This assessment was administered at baseline, and at weeks 4, 12 and 24.ResultsA significant reduction of social impairments, thought disorders and affective dysregulation was observed. Drug therapy was well tolerated, even though children complained of mild and transient nausea and somnolence.ConclusionTo date there are only a few reports on the use of aripiprazole in McDD patients. The present case series suggest that aripiprazole may be effective and well tolerated in McDD patients.
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Xu, Peipei, Linan Zeng, Tao Xiong, Imti Choonara, Shamim Qazi, and Lingli Zhang. "Safety of azithromycin in paediatrics: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Paediatrics Open 3, no. 1 (June 2019): e000469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000469.
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IntroductionAzithromycin is widely used in children not only in the treatment of individual children with infectious diseases, but also as mass drug administration (MDA) within a community to eradicate or control specific tropical diseases. MDA has also been reported to have a beneficial effect on child mortality and morbidity. However, concerns have been raised about the safety of azithromycin, especially in young children. The aim of this review is to systematically identify the safety of azithromycin in children of all ages.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring systems will be systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case–control studies, cross-sectional studies, case series and case reports evaluating the safety of azithromycin in children. The Cochrane risk of bias tool, Newcastle-Ottawa and quality assessment tools, and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools will be used for quality assessment. Meta-analyses will be conducted to the incidence of ADRs from RCTs if appropriate. Subgroup analyses will be performed in different age and azithromycin dosage groups.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no primary data are collected. This systematic review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018112629
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Argaman, R. "The Effects of Porn & Sex Addiction on Partners." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-op-0060.
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Objective: Various social perceptions related to porn, legitimate it and view it as victimless sexual activity. In contrast to this line of thinking, there is a growing data about the damages of porn & sex addiction, not only to the addict, but also to its partner, children and family, intimate & sexual relationship. Design and Method: Much attention focuses on the addict, but less on the spouse, the trauma they are facing, and the healing process, they need to go through. In the years, I work with sex addicts and their partners I met a lot of pain and suffering the partners bring, sometimes for many years, usually done in private with little social support. The aim of this presentation is to explore the ways sexual compulsive behavior impact the partner and the relationship, using different models and case studies. Results: Through the presentation, I will present recommendation for therapy and support to spouses. Conclusions: When working with people who suffer from porn / sex addiction, there must be a special consideration for the spouse, as an integral part of treatment.
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Yue, Yan, Tao Xiong, Linan Zeng, Imti Choonara, Shamim Qazi, Hongju Chen, and Dezhi Mu. "Dose and formulation of azithromycin in mass drug administration studies: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Paediatrics Open 3, no. 1 (May 2019): e000462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000462.
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IntroductionAzithromycin has been given for tropical infectious diseases such as trachoma and yaws by mass drug administration (MDA). As well as controlling the infectious disease in question, MDA may have a beneficial effect in reducing mortality in young children. However, the dose, formulation, frequency and duration of azithromycin used in certain infectious diseases may vary in different studies, and these differences may have impacts on the effectiveness of azithromycin MDA. Furthermore, whether the dose, formulation, frequency and duration are associated with the effectiveness of azithromycin for reducing child mortality—if indeed this effect can be confirmed—remain unknown. In this study, we will investigate whether different strategies such as different dose, formulation, frequency and duration affect the effectiveness of azithromycin MDA on the prevalence of certain infectious diseases or child mortality.Methods and analysisA narrative systematic review will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform will be searched. No language restrictions will be applied. All randomised/quasi-controlled trials, observational studies (cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case–control studies), case series and registered protocols will be considered. Dose, duration, frequency, rounds and formulations of azithromycin used in MDA will be collected and reviewed. The outcomes will be disease prevalence/control in children and child mortality. Data from the individual studies will not be pooled.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required since data will be collected from published studies. This systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conference meetings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018114902
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Gahalawat, Preeti, and Pankaj Kumar. "AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF PITYRIASIS ALBA (SIDHMA KUSTHA): A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.12018.
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A skin rash that sometimes begins as a large spot on the chest, abdomen, hands or back followed by pattern of smaller lesions. Pityriasis refers to hypo pigmentation of skin. Pityriasis alba have symptoms like ill-defined patches, round and oval, often with mild scaling and sometimes with mild pruritus. They are most commonly noticeable in people with darker skin type. Clinical examination shows decreased melanin production in affected areas. Pityriasis alba is commonly caused by atrophic sebaceous glands, iron deficiency anemia, low level of serum copper and sun exposure. It occurs commonly in children aged 3-16 years with 90% of occurring in children younger than 12 years. An estimated 5 % of children in US may be affected. Studies have showed a higher prevalence in Egypt 18% and Mali 20%. There is no clear racial predominance of Pityriasis alba found. Duration of the rash is variable. According to Acharya Sushruta Sidhma Kustha is kapha pradhana vyadhi most commonly occurs in Urdhva kaya i.e., hasta, ura, mukha and lalata. Diseases start with mild kandu and result in formation of white thin patches without pain. A female patient of 24 years attended our OPD with complain of various circular, whitish, discoloured patches of irregular edges with moderate pruritis on bilateral upper limbs and neck root region anteriorly. Finally, on the basis of all sign and symptoms it was diagnosed as Sidhma Kustha. In treatment repeated Vamana karma and Virechana karma were done. Given treatment mainly pacifies kapha along with vata dosha.
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Zeng, Linan, Imti Choonara, Lingli Zhang, Song Xue, Zhe Chen, and Miaomiao He. "Safety of ceftriaxone in paediatrics: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e016273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016273.
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IntroductionCeftriaxone is widely used in children in the treatment of sepsis. However, concerns have been raised about the safety of ceftriaxone, especially in young children. The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate the safety of ceftriaxone in children of all age groups.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring systems will be systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case–control studies, cross-sectional studies, case series and case reports evaluating the safety of ceftriaxone in children. The Cochrane risk of bias tool, Newcastle-Ottawa and quality assessment tools developed by the National Institutes of Health will be used for quality assessment. Meta-analysis of the incidence of ADRs from RCTs and prospective studies will be done. Subgroup analyses will be performed for age and dosage regimen.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no primary data are collected. This systematic review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and at conference meetings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017055428.
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Petit, Caroline, Vincent Jullien, Adeline Samson, Jérémie Guedj, Jean-René Kiechel, Sarah Zohar, and Emmanuelle Comets. "Designing a Pediatric Study for an Antimalarial Drug by Using Information from Adults." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 3 (December 28, 2015): 1481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01125-15.
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The objectives of this study were to design a pharmacokinetic (PK) study by using information about adults and evaluate the robustness of the recommended design through a case study of mefloquine. PK data about adults and children were available from two different randomized studies of the treatment of malaria with the same artesunate-mefloquine combination regimen. A recommended design for pediatric studies of mefloquine was optimized on the basis of an extrapolated model built from adult data through the following approach. (i) An adult PK model was built, and parameters were estimated by using the stochastic approximation expectation-maximization algorithm. (ii) Pediatric PK parameters were then obtained by adding allometry and maturation to the adult model. (iii) A D-optimal design for children was obtained with PFIM by assuming the extrapolated design. Finally, the robustness of the recommended design was evaluated in terms of the relative bias and relative standard errors (RSE) of the parameters in a simulation study with four different models and was compared to the empirical design used for the pediatric study. Combining PK modeling, extrapolation, and design optimization led to a design for children with five sampling times. PK parameters were well estimated by this design with few RSE. Although the extrapolated model did not predict the observed mefloquine concentrations in children very accurately, it allowed precise and unbiased estimates across various model assumptions, contrary to the empirical design. Using information from adult studies combined with allometry and maturation can help provide robust designs for pediatric studies.
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Ramadhany, Misbahul, and Ifadah Hapsari. "MEKANISME DIVERSI TERHADAP ANAK PECANDU NARKOTIKA DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK." Jurnal Justiciabelen 3, no. 2 (March 24, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/justiciabelen.v3i2.2443.
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This research is entitled The Application of Diversion to Children of Narcotics Addicts in terms of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System. Furthermore, the formulation of the problems raised in this thesis are first, how to handle and procedure for giving diversion to children of Narcotics crime perpetrators in Gresik Regency. Second, whether the implementation of Diversion is in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2012 in Gresik Regency. Then the result of the research shows that the diversion mechanism for child offenders of narcotics offenses can be taken on several levels. The first level is the level of investigation in the form of deliberations among them: investigator deliberation, family deliberation and community deliberation. Furthermore, diversion must be carried out at every level of examination, both investigation, prosecution and trial, if the Diversion process is successful before the trial stage, the Investigator and Public Prosecutor will submit the results of the Diversion to the Head of the District Court to make an Determination and based on this Determination the Investigator and Public Prosecutor can issue SP3 (Letter of Order to Stop Investigation) and Decree of Termination of Prosecution. If the Diversion process succeeds in the trial stage, the Minutes and results of the Diversion shall be submitted to the Head of the District Court to make a decision on the termination of the case as for the legal action taken against the child who is a drug addict who fails to diversify, namely in the form of guidance
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Sergio, Manieri, Mirauda Maria P, De Gregorio Fabiola, Colangelo Carmela, Tagliente Maria, Abate Rosaria, Romaniello Luciana, Lapolla Rosa, and Salvatore Donatello. "Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): A case with adverse reaction to three drugs alternately administered." Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and Child Health 4, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.japch.1001022.
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Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction mostly caused by several eliciting drugs in patients with a genetic predisposition. Incidence of DRESS in children is very variable, frome 1:1000 to 1:10.000, and the mortality rate seems to be lower than 10%. Anti-convulsants are the main drugs involved both in adults and in children. The treatment of choice is the prompt withdrawn of the offending drug and using intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids used in synergy. In recent years, emerging studies have outlined the disease more clearly. We present a pediatric case in which the patient developed DRESS syndrome as a result of exposure to lamotrigine before and carbamazepine after and a relapse after exposure to omeprazole. Starting from this case report we provide an overview on DRESS Syndrome.
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Zalzal, Habib G., and Steven Coutras. "Palatine Tonsil Stenting of the Airway as Determined by Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2018 (December 10, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2614143.
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Objective. To demonstrate lateral pharyngeal wall collapse and increased apnea-hypopnea index in a child posttonsillectomy. Background. Some children have worsening of their sleep symptoms after tonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea. This case report demonstrates an open airway on drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in a child with tonsillar hypertrophy followed by more pronounced airway obstruction related to lateral pharyngeal wall collapse after tonsillectomy. Case Presentation. A 7-year-old boy presented with obstructive sleep apnea and underwent workup with DISE. Following adenotonsillectomy and subsequent lingual tonsillectomy with epiglottopexy, the patient’s sleep apnea symptoms and polysomnogram results worsened. Subsequent DISE showed a more narrowed oropharyngeal airway space as compared to his preoperative DISE. Discussion. Palatine tonsillar tissue may splint open the airway and prevent airway obstruction in a subset of pediatric patients. Further clinical studies are necessary to determine which children experience this phenomenon. Clinical examination using DISE can be useful in making clinical decisions prior to tonsillectomy.
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Nurkholis, Nurkholis, M. Taofik Makarao, and Damrah Mamang. "Implikasi Penyelesaian Perkara Anak Pelaku Penyalahguna Narkotika melalui Mekanisme Diversi dalam Perspektif Perlindungan Anak." Jurnal Hukum Jurisdictie 2, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/jhj.v2i2.36.
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In general, the definition of diversion is the transition of settlement of child cases from criminal justice processes to processes outside criminal justice. In which, the diversion processes will apply a restorative justice approach as the goal of punishment in handling cases of child drug abusers. Nowdays, punishment is not the best solution for children. Imposing imprisonment for children who commit narcotics offenses becomes lame when Law Number 11 of 2012 Concerning the Child Criminal Justice System and Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, which emphasizes the rehabilitation process for addicts and narcotics abusers, are not implemented by the authorities. law enforcer. In addition, this thesis discusses and describes the factors that cause children to abuse narcotics, law enforcement against children of narcotics abusers through diversion mechanisms, and their implications for solving cases of children who abuse narcotics from a child protection perspective. This research is a normative juridical study, where the author examines the law which is then linked to the extent to which these regulations are applied and applicable in society. The results of this study reveal the factors that cause children to become offenders of narcotics crimes, which consist of internal and external factors, then law enforcement against children of narcotics abusers through a diversion mechanism must be carried out at all levels of the legal process both at the Pre-Adjudication, Adjudication, and Post Adjudication stages. This is in accordance with the Philosophy of Child Criminal Justice, which is to realize children's welfare and avoidance of retaliation, and its implications for the settlement of cases of children who abuse narcotics from a child protection perspective in 2 Decisions
Number 53/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/PN.Jkt.Brt, and Decision Number 47/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/PN.Jkt.Brt, the fact is that no evidence has been found that diversion has been attempted, even though in the trial process the reference is made for the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Whereas in a case that is almost similar through the Surabaya District Court Decision Number 111/Pid.Sus-Anak/2014/PN.Sby successfully attempted by diversion, so that differences in decisions or decisions can result in legal uncertainty and harm the interests, welfare and protection of children.
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Buck, Marcia L., and Howard P. Goodkin. "Use of Lacosamide in Children with Refractory Epilepsy." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 17, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-17.3.211.
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OBJECTIVES Lacosamide was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2008 for adjunctive therapy for focal onset seizures in patients 17 years of age and older. The efficacy of this agent in adults has led clinicians to consider lacosamide for children with refractory seizures. METHODS The MEDLINE database (1950–June 2012) was searched for abstracts containing lacosamide as the key term. Additional references were obtained from the manufacturer and the bibliographies of the articles reviewed. All available English-language case reports and clinical trials were included in the evaluation. RESULTS Several case series studies have been published which support the use of lacosamide in children with refractory seizures. In the papers published to date, 30% to 50% of children experienced at least a 50% reduction in seizure frequency, similar to results obtained in clinical trials in adults. Children with focal onset seizures were most likely to benefit from treatment, while results in children with generalized seizures or multiple seizure types were mixed. Adverse effects in children were similar to those seen in adults, with dizziness, headache, and nausea occurring most frequently. Lack of efficacy has been the most common cause of discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Lacosamide appears to be a useful adjunct therapy in children with refractory seizures. Clinical trials are under way that may provide more definitive information on the efficacy and safety of lacosamide in children and allow clinicians to determine the appropriate place of this antiseizure drug in pediatric epilepsy management.
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Lv, Meng, Xufei Luo, Quan Shen, Ruobing Lei, Xiao Liu, Enmei Liu, Qiu Li, and Yaolong Chen. "Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101102.
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Aim: To identify the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published studies and ongoing clinical studies related to the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine in children or adolescents (aged < 18 years). Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19 database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched on 23 July 2021. International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) was also searched to identify ongoing studies. Results: Eight published studies with a total of 2852 children and adolescents and 28 ongoing clinical studies were included. Of the eight published studies, two were RCTs, two case series, and four case reports. The investigated COVID-19 vaccines had good safety profiles in children and adolescents. Injection site pain, fatigue, headache, and chest pain were the most common adverse events. A limited number of cases of myocarditis and pericarditis were reported. The RCTs showed that the immune response to BNT162b2 in adolescents aged 12–15 years was non-inferior to that in young people aged 16–25 years, while with 3 μg CoronaVac injection the immune response was stronger than with 1.5 μg. The efficacy of BNT162b2 was 100% (95% CI: 75.3 to 100), based on one RCT. Of the 28 ongoing clinical studies, twenty-three were interventional studies. The interventional studies were being conducted in fifteen countries, among them, China (10, 43.5%) and United States(9, 39.1%) had the highest number of ongoing trials. BNT162b2 was the most commonly studied vaccine in the ongoing trials. Conclusion: Two COVID-19 vaccines have potential protective effects in children and adolescents, but awareness is needed to monitor possible adverse effects after injection. Clinical studies of the COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents with longer follow-up time, larger sample size, and a greater variety of vaccines are still urgently needed.
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Khan, Mehdi, Jaber Paktiawal, Rory J. Piper, Aswin Chari, and Martin M. Tisdall. "Intracranial neuromodulation with deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 29, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2021.8.peds21201.
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OBJECTIVE In children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), resective, ablative, and disconnective surgery may not be feasible or may fail. Neuromodulation in the form of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) may be viable treatment options, however evidence for their efficacies in children is currently limited. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature on DBS and RNS for the treatment of DRE in the pediatric population. Specifically, the authors focused on currently available data for reported indications, neuromodulation targets, clinical efficacy, and safety outcomes. METHODS PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout this systematic review (PROSPERO no. CRD42020180669). Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, and CINAHL Plus, were searched from their inception to February 19, 2021. Inclusion criteria were 1) studies with at least 1 pediatric patient (age < 19 years) who underwent DBS and/or RNS for DRE; and 2) retrospective, prospective, randomized, or nonrandomized controlled studies, case series, and case reports. Exclusion criteria were 1) letters, commentaries, conference abstracts, and reviews; and 2) studies without full text available. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions) tool. RESULTS A total of 35 studies were selected that identified 72 and 46 patients who underwent DBS and RNS, respectively (age range 4–18 years). Various epilepsy etiologies and seizure types were described in both cohorts. Overall, 75% of patients had seizure reduction > 50% after DBS (among whom 6 were seizure free) at a median (range) follow-up of 14 (1–100) months. In an exploratory univariate analysis of factors associated with favorable response, the follow-up duration was shorter in those patients with a favorable response (18 vs 33 months, p < 0.05). In the RNS cohort, 73.2% of patients had seizure reduction > 50% after RNS at a median (range) follow-up of 22 (5–39) months. On closer inspection, 83.3% of patients who had > 50% reduction in seizures actually had > 75% reduction, with 4 patients being seizure free. CONCLUSIONS Overall, both DBS and RNS showed favorable response rates, indicating that both techniques should be considered for pediatric patients with DRE. However, serious risks of overall bias were found in all included studies. Many research needs in this area would be addressed by conducting high-quality clinical trials and establishing an international registry of patients who have undergone pediatric neuromodulation, thereby ensuring robust prospective collection of predictive variables and outcomes.
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Shukenbaeva, Regina A., and Tatiana V. Turti. "Modern Treatment Principles for Children with Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: Observational Studies Systematic Review." Pediatric pharmacology 19, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/pf.v19i1.2377.
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Background. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is severe and rare disease with poor prognosis. Its management is complex due to the lack of clinical guidelines (both Russian and international). Therefore, consideration of modern principles of this pathology treatment is still crucial, it also can improve the quality and life expectancy in these patients.Objective. The aim of the study is to schematize and unify all relevant data on PIL cases over the past 10 years, to identify modern treatment principles for provision of timely medical car. Methods. Systematic review of publications from 2011 to 2021 in PubMed database was performed. Clinical cases, observational studies, and literature reviews were included.Results. Nutrition therapy in the treatment of PIL has many advantages and it is the firstline therapy. However, modern medicine allows to help children with this pathology via somatostatin group drugs, immunosuppressants, and surgery in case of insufficient nutrition correction.Conclusion. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia has certain scientific interest in pediatricians and gastroenterologists’ practice. Understanding of the disease, its early diagnosis and pathological process localization allow us to choose the correct diet, to determine the need for surgical intervention, and to prescribe targeted drug therapy.
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Culbert, Timothy P., Gerard A. Banez, and Michael I. Reiff. "Children Who Have Attentional Disorders: Interventions." Pediatrics In Review 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.15.1.5.
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The treatment of attentional disorders (ADs) has been the subject of much controversy. Sound treatment programs must address a myriad of issues other than the three core symptoms of AD: inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Intervention programs purportedly leading to positive long-term outcomes have been studied inadequately. The few treatment plans shown to result in long-term improvement in outcome for children and families have used multiple modalities. Such plans integrate medical, psychological, psychosocial, and educational interventions; provide for case management; and educate and empower families as advocates. Very little actually is known about how treatments for ADs interact with each other, and it has been quite difficult to document the advantages of adding psychosocial treatments to psychopharmacologic treatments, although studies are under way to address these issues. Some of the few studies assessing the long-term efficacy of multimodality treatment programs have shown that although drug treatment alone leads to little measurable change, a combination of medication, psychological treatments, and appropriate classroom interventions leads to improved long-term outcomes. These outcomes include a reduction in antisocial behavior, improved social relationships, enhanced academic performance, improved self-esteem, and decreased delinquent behavior. The treatment team for children who have AD should consist of a partnership that includes the child, family, significant school personnel, and the physician.
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Preve, M., S. Casigliani, M. Godio, N. E. Suardi, R. Traber, and R. A. Colombo. "Fenethylline (Captagon) abuse: Case report and literature review." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S393—S394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.448.
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IntroductionNovel psychoactive drugs (NPS) has rapidly increase in the last years in the drug market as a recreational use. Fenethylline is a theophylline, an amphetamine-like drug, having stimulant effects similar to those of other amphetamine-type derivatives. Fenethylline was used as medicament for hyperactivity disorders in children, narcolepsy and depression, but it has also been used as a drug of abuse under the common name of ‘captagon’. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical evidence for the potential of abuse of fenethylline. We propose a case report and literature review.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of the literature with the principal database (PubMed, Enbase, PsychInfo) and we present a case report.ResultsThe effects of fenethylline is characterized by euphoria, derealization, autopsychic and somatopsychic depersonalization, hallucination, agitation and decrease of pain perception.Discussion and conclusionThe primary drug market for fenethyline (as captagon) has traditionally been countries located on the Arabian Peninsula but also North Africa since 2013. To our knowledge, there is no report on the recreational use of fenethylline in literature. The clinical features of fenethylline intoxication were also similar to effects from other amphetamine-like drugs. In our case report, dissociative symptoms are the core of fenethylline intoxication. Further research is warranted to replicate our clinical and qualitative observations and, in general, quantitative studies in large samples followed-up over time are needed. Methodological limitations, clinical implications and suggestions for future research directions are considered [1,2].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.