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EASTEAL, PATRICIA. "Women in Australian Prisons: The Cycle of Abuse and Dysfunctional Environments." Prison Journal 81, no. 1 (March 2001): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885501081001007.
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A significant proportion of Australian female inmates are drug addicts and women who have experienced violence as children and/or as adults. Ironically, the three rules (“Don't talk,” “Don't trust,” and “Don't feel”) that many therefore grew up with are present within the prison institutional culture and structure. The female prison population is relatively small. As a result, many women are placed inappropriately in maximum-security facilities and have limited programs for employment, education, and drug/violence issues. Comparison of results from empirical research conducted in the early 1990s with recent data reveals that although there have been some positive steps implemented, they have not greatly affected the dysfunctional women's prison culture. For the most part these continue to ignore the specific needs of women (and victims of violence). Thus the tragic generational cycle of violence-crime-prison-violence-crime-prison persists.
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Freed, Marcia. "When Drug Addicts Have Children." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 34, no. 9 (September 1995): 1251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199509000-00029.
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Bauman, Pamela S., and Stephen A. Levine. "The Development of Children of Drug Addicts." International Journal of the Addictions 21, no. 8 (January 1986): 849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826088609027399.
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Gustavsson, Nora S. "When drug addicts have children: Reorienting child welfare's response." Children and Youth Services Review 20, no. 8 (October 1998): 750–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-7409(98)90070-6.
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Peleg-Oren, Neta. "Drugs—Not Here!—Model of Group Intervention as Preventative Therapeutic Tool for Children of Drug Addicts." Journal of Drug Education 32, no. 3 (September 2002): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cdt3-v411-ucum-jeg6.
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Children of addicts suffer from emotional, cognitive, social, and behavioral problems. In view of the problems the children face, they are undoubtedly “a population at risk,” in need of preventive and therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this article is to describe a model of group intervention as one of the preventive therapeutic tools for children of addicts. The project was conducted over 18 months of weekly meetings. The article will deal with the characteristics of children of addicts, the group intervention model with reference to the group framework, and the work carried out with the group, as well as its evaluation. The evaluation indicated positive effects on several psychosocial variables.
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Prewitasari, Kuswidianti Dharma. "KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK DI DALAM RUMAH REHABILITASI KELUARGA KEMBANG CAHAYA." Commed : Jurnal Komunikasi dan Media 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/commed.v3i2.1283.
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The increasingly modern like-day era, or commonly called the millennial era, is increasingly worrying about the rise of drug abuse. Many users or addicts come from children who are still underage. This is a serious problem for the Indonesian people, because generations are very easily involved in drug abuse cases and other legal actions. Related to drug problems, one step that needs to be done in handling this case by providing rehabilitation to users or addictions through drug use. The most important drug addicts in the rehabilitation center for the former drug addicts. One of the rehabilitation places in the city of Purwokerto under the name Kembang Cahaya Family Community. The Kembang Cahaya Family Community (Kekaca) is a group of organizations that want to use drug addicts in the healing process. Memory is a rehabilitation house for drug addicts who really want to recover on their own volition and not from solicitation. The pattern of family communication in the Messages is very pronounced. Communication that is like a relationship between a father and his children. In addition, activities in rehabilitation are also filled with a variety of positive activities, both spiritual and non-spiritual in order to be converted into the busyness and emptiness of the junkies in a more positive direction.
Keywords: Communication, Community, Drugs, Rehabilitation, Kekaca.
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Manderson, Desmond. "Rules and Practices: The “British System” in Australia." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200305.
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The article discusses the implementation of legislation concerning “dangerous drugs” in Australia from the 1930s. Although these laws and regulations clearly prohibited their consumption for non-medical purposes and their prescription “merely for the purposes of addiction,” a system developed which nevertheless allowed the continued maintenance of addicts under medical supervision and remained in place until the 1960s. Contrasts are drawn between the image of evil drug use, which was addressed by legislation and condemned by politicians, and the reality of addiction in Australia, which was in practice tolerated and treated as an illness rather than as a vice. The existence of this double standard is used to highlight the fact that the reality of drug use and drug enforcement cannot simply be gleaned by interpreting laws: their administration and the social practices with which they must interact often change and modify their effect in a complex manner.
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Lifschitz, Marta H., Geraldine S. Wilson, E. O'Brian Smith, and Murdina M. Desmond. "Factors Affecting Head Growth and Intellectual Function in Children of Drug Addicts." Pediatrics 75, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.2.269.
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The effect of maternal heroin and methadone use on head growth and neurodevelopmental performance was studied in preschool children of untreated heroin addicts (n = 25), women receiving methadone therapy (n = 26), and a drug-free comparison group (n = 41) who had been followed from birth. The mean birth head circumference of both groups of drug-exposed infants was significantly below that of the comparison group; however, the only factors determined by multiple regression analysis as associated with head size at birth were maternal nutritional status and birth weight. By preschool age, head size did not differ significantly among groups. The factors associated with postnatal head growth were birth weight, intrapartum risk score, and race. Data show an increased incidence of low-average and mildly retarded intellectual performance in the drugexposed children. Regression analyses demonstrated that amount of prenatal care, prenatal risk score, and home environment were most predictive of intellectual performance and that the degree of maternal narcotic use was not a significant factor.
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Plojovic, Safuadan, Slavica Dimitrijevic, Andrijana Maksimovic, Sabina Zejnelagic, Adem Hurem, and Muamer Muraspahic. "Misuse of Psychologically Active Substances of Convicts being in Prisons and their Treatment." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 19, 2015): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.001.
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Due to the data of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Serbia, over 70% of persons being in prisons and serving their sentences are drug addicts, and 50% of them are drug users. In the European prisons, the percentage of persons using drugs in the entire prison population is 20-70%, and in the USA 70-80%, in the Australian prisons between 50 and 80% of the convicts in prisons are addicts of psychologically active substances. The results of our survey are pursuant to official statistics data for Serbia, the European countries, USA and Australia, since 80% of our convicts in prisons have misused psychologically active substances during the period of 30 days, the previous period before coming to these institutions. More than a half of our examinees (60%), misuses narcotics and alcohol occasionally or permanently, the alcohol users only 12.7%, and only narcotics 7.3% of the ones, meaning that a treatment of addiction disease should have a significant role in prevention of recidivism.
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Van Meter, Mary Janes. "BESHAROV, Douglas J., ed., WHEN DRUG ADDICTS HAVE CHILDREN: Reorienting Child Welfare’s Response." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 27, no. 3 (October 1996): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.27.3.580.
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Soelton, Mochamad, Tati Nugrahati, Yanto Ramli, Dudi Permana, and Deden Kurniawan. "TOWARD THE BEST STRATEGY IN MINIMIZING THE SPREAD OF DRUG USERS." ICCD 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.vol1.iss1.27.
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This theme aimed to minimize the spread of Narcotics users at the student level, in the data of the National Narcotics Agency (BNN), cases of drug use by the drug users up to March 2018 amounted to 6.4 Million. The data is alarming because along with the increase in drug cases (especially among the young people and the children). The spread of drugs is easy because the elementary school children have also started trying to smoke cigarettes. Although the government in the Child Protection Act number 23 of 2002 in article 20, it has been stated that the State, the government, the community, the family, and the parents are obliged and responsible for the implementation of child protection (see more fully in the Child Protection Act). However, the child protection from drugs is still far from expectations. A lot of elementary school and junior high school age of children are also trapped in drugs; the drug addicts are generally between the ages of 11 and 24. At the productive age or student age, the students who take drugs usually begin with their introduction to cigarettes. From this habit, their association continues to increase, especially when the students join with the people who have become the drug addicts. At the beginning they only try to use the drugs, but then they will depend on them.
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Danish, Ishtiyaque. "Why Our Children Are Killing Themselves." American Journal of Islam and Society 8, no. 3 (December 1, 1991): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v8i3.2613.
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With the ever-increasing menace of drug abuse in America and elsewhere,there have appeared a host of tudie seeking to highlight as well as to suggestways to cope with thi global problem. The drug-related crisis with whichAmerica is faced ha been discussed thoroughly in this book. Mauri's WhyOur Children Are Killing Themselves is not merely an academic tudy, butis a pragmatic approach which many readers as well as policy makers andthose fighting the drug menace will find interesting, educational, and useful.The book is a sociopsychological study of an America afflicted by drugabuse, a curse which has hit American children especially hard. With moreand more parents themselves becoming drug addicts, American society iswitnessing the worst forms of child neglect, all of which are "threateningto produce a new generation of psychologically deformed youths" (p. vii).Saalakhan has divided the book into three parts. The first portion dealswith the age-old legacy of cocaine use in America and explains how Americancities have become ignominious centers of drug-related crimes. The authorhas used extensive statistical data to highlight the dangerous consequencesof drug abuse. Moreover, he is not content with just explaining the problem ...
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Levin-Rozalis, Miry. "USING PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE EVALUATION OF GROUPS FOR CHILDREN OF REHABILITATING DRUG ADDICTS." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 27, no. 5 (January 2006): 519–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01612840600600008.
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Ngazis, Muhammad, Juhrin Pasaribu, Gunarto Gunarto, and Sri Endah Wahyuningsih. "Reconstruction of Rehabilitation Regulations for Underaged Drug Addicts in Indonesia Based on Justice Value." Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 5, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i06.005.
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The problem raised in this study is why the regulation of rehabilitation for children who use narcotics has not been based on the value of justice. To find answers to these problems, the study uses a sociological juridical research type where the method of qualitative analysis is used on the data obtained, and presented in the form of written words supported by quantitative and qualitative data to then draw an inductive conclusion. The Result Shows that According to Law Number 35 of 2009, there are two types of rehabilitation, namely medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. The judge's consideration in conducting trial examinations in narcotics cases committed by children is to impose narcotics crimes by rehabilitating the accused. The judge stated that in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act, children who have problems with the law are called Juvenile. The judge stated that even though in the indictment of the public prosecutor, however, the judge considered that in giving criminal penalties to narcotics users and child perpetrators, by taking into account the main principle for the child, namely the best interest of the child in imposing sanctions, it is very necessary to reconstruct the rehabilitation law for children as drug addicts fairly.
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Hasanović, M., A. Kuldija, I. Pajević, A. Delić, A. Sutović, and N. Kravić. "Silence in the family about the abuse of heroin and its effect on the initiation of treatment." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71760-6.
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IntroductionAdolescents often experience their addictive experiences hidden from parents. Treatment begins when problems arise that adolescents cannt solve it alone.AimTo asses correlation between duration of silence about heroin addiction experience and certain epidemiological data collected with the Pompidou form.MethodsThe authors analyzed the group of 77 heroin addicts aged 26.4 ± 5.6 years, who were treated at the Department of Psychiatry Tuzla in the period 2006–2009 year. Pompidou standardized form was used for collecting the necessary data.ResultsWe found that the heroin addicts began to take the first drug of 17.2 ± 3.9 years, parents were informed about it 2.8 ± 1.3 years later. The duration of silence was positively associated with age of addicts (ρ = 0515, P > 0.001), length of addictive experience (ρ = 0463, P < 0.001), parent's divorce (ρ = 0432, P < 0.001), previous conflict with law (ρ = 0255, P = 0.028), powerty in the family (ρ = 0236, P = 0.045) and previous treatment (ρ = 0354, P = 0.002). On the other hand, it was negatively associated with living in community with other addicts (ρ = -0 363, P = 0.001), intravenous heroin use (ρ = -0 345, P = 0.003), detected hepatitis B (ρ = -0 262, P = 0.002), owning their own children (ρ = -0.280, P = 0.016) and with years of completed education of father (ρ = -0 245, P = 0.008) and of mother (ρ = -0 246, P = 0.036).ConclusionSilence about heroin addiction was positively associated with age of addicts, duration of addiction, parent's divorce, with trouble with law, with poverty in family, and previous treatment. Silence is negatively associated with living with other addicts, intravenous use, hepatitis B, owning children, and more years of parent's completed education.
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Wulandari, Mayang, Chantika Mahadini, Amal Prihatono, and Willie Japaries. "Program Terapi Rehabilitasi Kecemasan Pecandu Narkoba dengan Metode Sujok Di Ponpes Salafiyah Sabilul Hikmah Malang." Jurnal ABM Mengabdi 8, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31966/jam.v8i2.948.
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Goals of service. The Community Service Program (PKM) on Drug Addicts Anxiety Rehabilitation Therapy Program with the Sujok Method at Ponpes Salafiyah Sabilul Hikmah Malang aims to optimize the role of Islamic boarding school caregivers in an effort to socialize the movement of drug-free street children by providing counseling on tips for eliminating the anxiety of drug addicts who are addicted to drug undergoing therapy at the boarding school to stop drug use. Methods The PKM implementation team conducted counseling on how to overcome anxiety using therapeutic tools, namely massage rings, providing counseling materials, giving questionnaires about massage ring therapy, donating medicine boxes, providing digital weights, providing digital blood pressure checkers used when providing health services to patients. the caregivers of the Salafiyah Sabilul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School in Malang. Results and implications. After being given counseling about the use of ring therapy, they understand how to deal with anxiety by doing self-therapy every day for 5 minutes or 3 times or more and are able to teach other friends who feel anxious.
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Ahmad Shahril, Nurul Saidatus Shaja'ah, Zarinah Arshat, and Haikal Anuar Adnan. "Parental stress and depression symptoms among B40 wives of drug addicts in Malaysia: Resilience as a mediator." F1000Research 11 (August 18, 2022): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.123365.1.
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Background: The prevalence of depression is higher among women in the general population. While previous studies have contributed to demonstrating a higher risk of depression among women, there is a scarcity of studies on depression issues among women who experienced life as a spouse to drug addicts. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between parental stress faced in raising children and depression. Moreover, the study intended to examine the impact of parental stress on depression as mediated by resilience. Methods: Using the purposive sampling method, a total of 132 B40 wives of drug addicts were chosen to participate in this study. Data were collected from six states in Malaysia using a structured questionnaire consisting of the Parental Stress Scale (PSS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). SmartPLS software version 3.3.7 was used to analyze the data collected. Results: Path analysis revealed that parental stress was significantly associated with depression through resilience. Specifically, the indirect effect highlighted that resilience was a partial mediator in the association between parental stress and depression. Nevertheless, it is also shown that even after accounting for the mediating role of resilience, parental stress still has a positive impact on depression. Conclusions: The present study proffers additional strategies to drug addicts’ wives, advocates, academicians, practitioners, and policymakers to approach depression issues in this community for better well-being.
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Daniguelo, Antonio. "Preliminary Analysis of the Effectiveness of Handing Criminal Acts by Children Under the Age." Journal La Sociale 2, no. 3 (August 23, 2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v2i3.387.
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The issue of drug addiction and illegal trafficking continues to plague nations across the globe. Between 153 and 300 million individuals, or 3.4 to 6.6 percent of the world's drug abusers aged 15 to 64 years, having used drugs at least once a year, with almost 12% (15.5 to 38.6 million people) of users being heavy addicts. Initially created for medicinal reasons (therapy), opioids became a political target for those seeking profit by introducing harmful addictive chemicals. Addition of hazardous addictive drugs may precipitate a person's hallucinations and addictions, wreaking havoc on the neurological system and organs of the body and ultimately resulting in death. The risks of drug addiction have prompted many nations to implement laws aimed at protecting citizens and prohibiting drug trafficking. This restriction eventually spawned illegal commerce and the growth of global marketplaces
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Kunwar, Mala. "Smoking, Alcoholic and Drugs Habit of Street Children of Kathmandu Valley." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v5i4.48980.
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Street children are those who always spend their time in the street. Being on the streets has various causes and effects. Smoking, drinking, and drug usage are more common among street children all across the world. The study's objective is to determine whether street children in the Kathmandu Valley smoke, drink, or use drugs. A total of 234 street children from the Kathmandu valley were purposefully chosen. The data was gathered using a mixed method. According to the report, more than 60% of street children smoke, drink, or use drugs on a regular basis. Both male and female street children were found to have a high prevalence of drug use. Because they had no one to look after them, it was exceedingly difficult to keep them from becoming drug addicts. In order for street children to feel comfortable and have a brighter future, the government should seek to reintegrate them with their families.
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Vostrikov, Viktor Vasil’evich, Natal'ya Olegovna Selizarova, Anastasiya Yur’evna Grigor’eva, and Sergei Nikolaevich Proshin. "The role of genetic factors in the formation of dependence on opiates." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped6427-31.
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Sociological surveys show that the average age of drug users in recent years has drastically decreased from 18 years to 13 years. Among children of aged from 5 to 7 years the episodes of drug use have been reported. At the same time their parents addicts contribute to this. Statistics show that more than 60 % of drug addicts are young people aged from 17 to 35 years. More than 20 % are children, students, and only 15 % are people older than 35 years. The use by mother during pregnancy psychoactive substances (PAS) is one of the major risk factor for congenital addiction. The most important risk factors for drug abuse are genetic ones. There are two main genetically dependent factors. The first factor is genetically determined high level of the dopamine which encourage a person on a constant search for new sensations, dissatisfaction peace, and search risky situations. The second one is a low level of the hormone serotonin which results in depression in stressful situations. The stressful situations become very deep. Certain factors increase the risk of addictive behavior of offspring may appear at birth. Many people who started the abuse at early age consciously preferred drug to alcohol. That is the adoption of alcohol caused them to aversion to alcohol because of the memories of his father-alcoholic. However based on the biological characteristics while it is not so easy to predict the likelihood of addiction and clearly define in advance the tendency or, on the contrary, human resistance to drug intoxication and dependence.
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Muhammad Anugrah Utama. "Securitization in the Philippines’ Drug War." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i1.146.
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Since his inauguration in late June 2016, Duterte has adopted “shoot-to-kill” policy for suspected criminals and drug addicts. Despite public support, the policy received growing international backlash over extra-judicial killing and mass slaughter of youth, mainly the urban poor communities. This paper attempts to analyze the process of securitization waged by President Duterte to construct a state of emergency of drugs so that extraordinary yet outrageous measures can be justified by using the Copenhagen School’s securitization concept developed by Buzan, Waever, and Wilde (1998). This paper argues that President Duterte’s speech acts and politicization of threats successfully build public support of harsher law enforcement on drug-related crime. Furthermore, the paper also connects the dot between the securitization of drugs as Duterte’s political weapon and the disproportionate impact it has on the minority poor and vulnerable children. Using the critical application of securitization theory developed by Charett (2009), the paper concludes that the asymmetrical power relations will lead to securitizing actor maintaining its power in the expense of oppressing the marginalized voice, especially the minority poor and children population, thus de-securitization model (Hansen, 2012) is more effective in dealing drug-related crimes in the Philippines.
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Hansman, D., and Sylvia Morris. "Pneumococcal carriage amongst children in Adelaide, South Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 2 (October 1988): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054364.
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SUMMARYAmongst 1267 healthy children 6 months to 4.5 years of age in Adelaide, the pneumococcal carriage rate from a single nasal swab sampling was 29% in the period 1980–1. Of 269 children, sampled monthly on five occasions, 91% carried a pneumococcus on one or more occasions: 55% carried a single type, 33% carried two types, 2% carried three types and 1% carried four types; 18% carried a pneumococcus on either 4 or 5 occasions. The commonest types encountered were types 6, 19 and 23 in that order, and these three types constituted 57% of the total: other common types(> 5% of the total) were types 14, 15 and 11, and the six commonest types constituted 77% of the total. Of these, types 6, 14, 19 and 23 commonly cause systemic disease in children; on the other hand types 11 and 15 cause disease infrequently. The number of strains showing antimicrobial drug resistance was low: on quantitative testing 0.7%of 291 isolates examined showed relative resistance to benzylpenicillin and 0.7% were resistant to tetracycline; 10.9% of 230 isolates examined showed resistance to co-trimoxazole; dual or multiple drug resistance was not detected, and all isolates tested were susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincomycin and rifampicin.
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Eckenwiler, Lisa. "Why Not Retribution? The Particularized Imagination and Justice for Pregnant Addicts." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 1 (2004): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00452.x.
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The Law is a grim, unsmiling thing, Not Justice, though. Justice is witty and whimsical and kind and caring.Rohinton Misuy, A Fine Balance;When the South Carolina Supreme Court upheld the conviction and twelve-year sentence of Regina McKnight, it affirmed that state 's commitment to bring the full force of the law to the punishment of pregnant women who use drugs. Prosecutors linked the delivery of Ms.McKnight 's stillborn baby to her use of cocaine, and argued successfully for a finding of homicide by child abuse. The McKnight judgment follows the South Carolina Supreme Court decision in the case of Cornelia Whitner. Whitner was sentenced to prison for illegal drug use during pregnancy on the grounds that the viable fetus is a child under the state s criminal child endangerment statute.On the basis of constitutional concerns such as due process and privacy, worries that criminal prosecutions may thwart public policy goals such as keeping families together and promoting the health of women and children, and findings that legislatures did not intend to include the fetus in the scope of drug laws or child abuse and neglect laws, criminal prosecution has been resisted in most jurisdictions.
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Maguire, Denise. "Drug Addiction in Pregnancy: Disease Not Moral Failure." Neonatal Network 33, no. 1 (2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.33.1.11.
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Nurses have demonstrated concern for years about their interactions with pregnant women who abuse drugs. Reports of nurses’ concern with substance abuse have been reported in the literature since the 1980s. As with any chronic disease, drug addiction causes physiologic changes, and the pathology that occurs in the brain drives characteristic behaviors. Research suggests that choices that addicts make are driven by pathology rather than by failure of a moral compass. This article reviews the theoretical explanations for addictive behaviors, describes the pathophysiology of drug addiction that is responsible for the predictable symptoms and behaviors exhibited by women who abuse prescription drugs and other opioids, and identifies nursing interventions to impact positive outcomes. Nurses who have a working knowledge of this disease will provide more effective nursing care to the women they encounter and are better prepared to make a difference in the lives of both women and their children.
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Luty, Jason. "New guidelines for prescribing injectable heroin in opiate addiction." Psychiatric Bulletin 29, no. 4 (April 2005): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.29.4.123.
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Few treatments are more controversial than the prescribing of injectable heroin (diamorphine) to heroin addicts. This practice is still banned in the USA and Australia, despite the serious drug problems in those countries. At present any UK doctor can prescribe injectable methadone for the treatment of heroin addiction; however, the prescribing of heroin requires a special licence from the Home Office. The National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse is the statutory body currently responsible for advising purchasers (local drug action teams) in regard to specialist services for addictions. They have recently commissioned and published guidelines for the prescription of injectables in opiate addiction (National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse, 2003). This follows the report of a Government committee, which stated:‘If diamorphine treatment could be offered to all problematic users who do not successfully access other treatments, we believe it could play a useful part in managing the social problems generated by this group of people’ (House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, 2003).
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Dimitrijoska, Suncica, Svetlana Trbojevik, Natasha Bogoevska, and Vladimir Ilievski. "Provision of Health and Social Services for Drug Addicts in the Republic of Macedonia." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i1.p112-121.
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The Republic of Macedonia experienced a rapid growth in drug addiction after its independents in 1991. The complexity of the problem represents a serious challenge for all relevant factors involved in creation of policies as well as actors in delivery of health, education and social services. Provision of necessary service required appropriate amendments of relevant laws based on the adopted international legislation. The most significant legal changes were introduction of the principles of pluralisation of social protection (Law on Social protection, 2004), that enabled emerging of new private for profit and nonprofit actors as providers of services as well as introduction of the principle of decentralization, enabling establishment of services on local level. Additionally, a number of national and local strategies and programs were developed and adopted within the system of health and social protection. These changes contributed to an increase in the number of available services offering variety of treatments responding to the individual needs of beneficiaries. Despite the increase in offered service, the state has yet to respond to the ever rising problem of addicted children. So far, little has been done for this age group of addicts that requires specialized and adjusted service provision. Provided social services are facing the problem in the sustainability of the available services provided within the nongovernmental sector that is mainly financed from foreign funds.
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Sulaiman, Adhi Iman, Agoeng Noegroho, Suryanto Suryanto, and Sri Weningsih. "The Holistic Rehabilitation Model for Drug Addicts, Phubbing and Conduct Disorder in Boarding Schools." Humanities and Social Science Research 2, no. 4 (November 23, 2019): p34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v2n4p34.
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Human resources are important for the process of achieving development goals in addition to natural and economic resources, but by the cases of drug abuse and addiction as well as phubbing and conduct disorder among children and adolescents make serious problems and threats to the progress of national development. The boarding school has the function as an educational and social institution that actively carries out prevention and rehabilitation of drug abuse and conduct disorders. The research aims to creat the holistic rehabilitation models for drug addicts, phubbing, and conduct disorder in boarding school. The study used qualitative research method of phenomenology by determining informants purposively including foundation management, clients or rehabilitation patients, and counselors or assistants. The research location took place at the Nurul Firdaus Islamic Boarding School as rehabilitation center in Kertaraharja Village, Panumbangan District, Ciamis Regency, West Java Province of Indonesia. Data were collected by direct observation, dialogue and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through interactive models with stages of data collection, reducing, verification, triangulation, categorization and making conclusions. The results of the study showed that Nurul Firdaus Islamic Boarding School (1) Categorize and accept clients affected by drug abuse and addiction, phubbing, also conduct disorder. (2) Perform persuasive and therapeutic communication in holistic rehabilitation methods including medical, non-medical such as spiritual, herbal, cupping, and acupuncture, as well as therapeutic methods with psychotherapy and hypnotherapy. (3) Post rehabilitation as an important part in preventing further reusing of drugs, phubbing and conduct disorder by providing positive and productive media of interaction such as activities in the fields of education, entrepreneurship, sports, and becoming social activist organizations.
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Branković, Suada, Mersa Šegalo, Arzija Pašalić, Jasmina Mahmutović, Amila Jaganjac, Amra Čustović-Hadžimuratović, and Elisa Vreto. "Awareness and attitude of secondary school students about drug use." Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (April 15, 2013): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2013.30.
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Introduction: Problem of addiction on psychoactive substances is one of the most diffi cult problems in a modern society, which brings serious consequences, both for the individual, his environment and the whole society.Methods: The study included 95 children and adolescents of medical school. Among the respondents, there were 44 subjects of third year of high school and 51 respondent-grader.Results: Students involved in this research as an answer to why young people start using drugs often reported curiosity in over 50% of cases, as well as pressure of friends. For students who use narkotine respondents generally thought they are reasonable and sufficiently weak and limited personality. Thelargest number of high school students who were involved in the study did not know the individuals who use drugs.Conclusion: Drug addiction is a serious problem all over the country, and the number of addicts is becoming larger. Particularly worrisome is the fact that the consumption of the drug phenomenon is a characteristic of young population, especially high school students
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Nursanti, Mutia, Rahtami Susanti, and Bayu Setiawan. "Criminal Liability of Child in Drug Circulation Case (Study of Decision Number 31/PID.SUS.ANAK/2015/PN.BKS)Criminal Liability of Child in Drug Circulation Case (Study of Decision Number 31/PID.SUS.ANAK/2015/PN.BKS)." UMPurwokerto Law Review 2, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/umplr.v2i2.8675.
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The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia, KPAI) found an increase in the involvement of children in the narcotics trade. In 2018, 5.9 million children in Indonesia were exposed as narcotics addicts, 27 percent of them or 1.6 million became narcotics dealers. This study aims to determine the criminal responsibility of children in narcotics trafficking cases in Decision Number 31/Pid.Sus.anak/2015/PN.BKS. The method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the study, the criminal responsibility of children in narcotics trafficking cases was legally and convincingly proven guilty of violating Article 111 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 132 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and sentenced to imprisonment for 7 months taking into account that the Defendant's actions are contrary to the government's program which is actively eradicating narcotics trafficking, the Defendant regrets his actions and promises not to do it again, the Defendant is still underage and lacks attention from his parents, the Defendant has never been punished. So that narcotics cases against children do not grow rapidly, an anti-narcotics ambassador program is held in each school regularly every year so that school students are always reminded not to abuse narcotics and in the RT/RW/Village community a task force for handling narcotics abuse is formed to prevent abuse as early as possible. narcotics in the environment are still. Keywords: Criminal Liability, Children, Narcotics Circulation
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Thanuzraj, Lazar Stanislaus. "Ministry and Contextualized Mission." Mission Studies 21, no. 2 (2004): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573383042653712.
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AbstractIn this article, Indian missiologist Lazar Stanislaus reflects briefly on the nature of ministry, whether lay or ordained. He then proposes a number of new ministries which are emerging out of the contemporary Indian context, among which are ministries to street children, drug addicts, prostitutes and their children, and the ministry of empowering women. In a third section the author suggests that commitment to Jesus, learning from the people, promoting individual initiative, working for the leadership of marginalized peoples and a knowledge of other religions are ways by which new contextualized ministries can emerge in the church. Finally, five challenges to such ministries are proposed. Only when these challenges are met will ministry in the Indian Church – or any church – be truly rooted in the local context, and so truly reflect the ministry of Jesus himself.
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Daeng, M. Yusuf, and Muhammad Fadly Daeng Yusuf. "Legal Protection for Children Victims of Narcotics Abuse in Riau Province." International Journal of Law and Public Policy 3, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0302.265.
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Narcotics abuse can be categorized as a criminal act as regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. The method used in this research is socio-legal research. In Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, there is no distinction between the abuse committed by children who are already drug addicts and children who are victims of narcotics abuse and are taking narcotics for the first time, so that these children are combined at the time of the crime. It is hoped that there will be political will from the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to revise Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in order to provide legal protection for children who are victims of narcotics abuse. One of the obstacles faced by the Riau Regional Police in eradicating narcotics abuse by children is the minimal role of parents who are willing to report their children. Therefore, the Riau Regional Police should cooperate with religious leaders from MUI, traditional leaders from LAM Riau, as well as community leaders in order to provide enlightenment to the public about the dangers of narcotics abuse for the future of children.
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Khushhal, Asif, Muhammad Zahid, and Azizullah Jan. "Analysis of Familial Factors behind Children’s Involvement in Delinquent Acts." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.6.
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The study at hand is aimed to investigate familial factors responsible for pushing children toward delinquent acts. Data is collected through interview schedule from 150 respondents while the total population of the study is 250. Purposive sampling technique is used in this study as the researcher intended to consult an age group 12 to 18 years of delinquent children. Data is analysed through SPSS (Version 20). Chi-square test is used for the identification of hypothetical association between dependent and independent variables. Among the variables criminal behaviour/tendency influenced by family environment, offenses committed due to no check of the parents, strict and harsh disciplining method, parental criminality as a reason of juvenile delinquency, get involve in delinquent acts due to separation of parent, children living with a single parent, children of drug addicts, improper socialization, anti-social behaviour of parent and violence in the family are found to be significantly associated with juvenile delinquency. It is suggested that a peaceful environment should be provided inside family so as minors could not develop delinquent behaviour. Parents should hold a proper check on a child’s activities to avoid and stop a child from falling prey to delinquent behaviour. Strict and harsh disciplining methods used by parents should be stopped, children should be socialized in a well-organized manner, and drug addict’s parent should be rehabilitated.
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Johnson, Jeannette L., and Michelle Leff. "Children of Substance Abusers: Overview of Research Findings." Pediatrics 103, Supplement_2 (May 1, 1999): 1085–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.103.s2.1085.
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A relationship between parental substance abuse and subsequent alcohol problems in their children has been documented extensively. Children of alcoholics (COAs) are considered to be at high risk because there is a greater likelihood that they will develop alcoholism compared with a randomly selected child from the same community. COAs and children of other drug-abusing parents are especially vulnerable to the risk for maladaptive behavior because they have combinations of many risk factors present in their lives. The single most potent risk factor is their parent's substance-abusing behavior. This single risk factor can place children of substance abusers at biologic, psychologic, and environmental risk. Since the turn of the century, many reports have described the deleterious influence of parental alcoholism on their children. A series of studies measured mortality, physiology, and general health in the offspring of alcoholic parents and concluded that when mothers stopped drinking during gestation, their children were healthier. Today, research on COAs can be classified into studies of fetal alcohol syndrome, the transmission of alcoholism, psychobiologic markers of vulnerability, and psychosocial characteristics. Each of these studies hypothesizes that differences between COAs and children of nonalcoholics influence maladaptive behaviors later in life, such as academic failure or alcoholism. This research supports the belief that COAs are at risk for a variety of problems that may include behavioral, psychologic, cognitive, or neuropsychologic deficits. The vast literature on COAs far outweighs the literature on children of other drug abusers. Relatively little is known about children of heroin addicts, cocaine abusers, or polydrug abusers. Nonetheless, many researchers suggest that the children of addicted parents are at greater risk for later dysfunctional behaviors and that they, too, deserve significant attention to prevent intergenerational transmission of drug abuse. Most research on children of other drug abusers examines fetal exposure to maternal drug abuse. The overview of the research on children of substance abusers points toward the need for better, longitudinal research in this area. Most studies on COAs or other drug abusers are not longitudinal; they examine behavior at one point in time. Given the studies reviewed in this article, it is unclear whether we see true deficits or developmental delay. Longitudinal studies will allow us to predict when early disorders and behavioral deviations will be transient or when they will be precursors to more severe types of maladaptive behavior. Longitudinal research also will enable us to explain specific childhood outcomes. Differences in outcome could be studied simultaneously to understand whether antecedents discovered for one are specific to it or are general antecedents leading to a broad variety of outcomes.
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Bawono, Bambang Tri, Nasokha Nasokha, and Lazarus Trisetyawan. "Legal Reconstruction of Underaged Drug Abuser Rehabilitation Based on Justice Value." Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 7, no. 9 (September 24, 2022): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i09.008.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze and find the weakness in the regulation of rehabilitation for underaged narcotics abusers and how to reconstruct the law based on Justice Value. This study uses a constructivism paradigm with a sociological juridical approach to solve research problems by examining secondary data and primary data by finding the legal reality experienced in the field as well as qualitative descriptive methods, namely where the data obtained are then arranged systematically so that a comprehensive picture will be obtained, where later the data will be presented descriptively. Based on the research it can be seen that the ideal Legal protection for children as narcotics abusers has not been achieved yet because there are still found cases where children who abuse narcotics are punished with imprisonment because of the law on child protection and the law on narcotics does not see in eye-to-eye regarding child narcotics abusers as the law on narcotics still treat Underaged Drug Abusers the same as adult. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out legal reconstruction in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics concerning General Provisions of Article 1, Article 103 where the provisions become, the addition of paragraphs in Chapter I on General Provisions in Article 1 so that Article 1 consists of 23 reconstruction paragraphs included in Article 1 paragraph (16), namely Children who are Victims of Narcotics Abuse, are children who are persuaded, deceived, cheated, forced, and/or threatened to use narcotics, alcohol, psychotropic substances, and other addictive substances. Article 103 becomes (1) Judges who examine cases of Narcotics Addicts are obliged to: a. decide to order the person concerned to undergo treatment and/or treatment through rehabilitation if the Narcotics Addict is proven guilty of committing a Narcotics crime; or b. stipulates to order the person concerned to undergo treatment and/or treatment through rehabilitation if the Narcotics Addict is not proven guilty of committing a Narcotics crime; c. In the event that a child commits an act of planting, maintaining, possessing, storing, controlling, or providing Narcotics Category I, II, II, he/she is obliged to obtain a rehabilitation decision; d. The rehabilitation of children who abuse narcotics is carried out in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
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Paterson, NA, JK Peat, CM Mellis, W. Xuan, and AJ Woolcock. "Accuracy of asthma treatment in schoolchildren in NSW, Australia." European Respiratory Journal 10, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10030658.
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Insufficient use of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as inhaled corticosteroids and cromoglycate, may contribute to the disease burden associated with asthma. Conversely, aggressive treatment of mild disease may result in avoidable costs and/or adverse drug effects. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between asthma severity and inhaled corticosteroid/cromoglycate use in a large (n=4,909) random sample of children, aged 8-11 yrs, in NSW, Australia. Asthma and its treatment were assessed by questionnaire responses. Asthma, defined as diagnosis plus current wheeze, was present in 901 children (18% of the sample), of whom 225 (5%) had moderate asthma, defined as asthma plus additional symptoms (sleep disturbance), utilization (hospital, casualty), or disability (reduced activity, school absence). Use of inhaled corticosteroid/cromoglycate was reported by 636 children (13% of the sample). Determinants of use included: asthma diagnosis, current wheeze, and troublesome dry nocturnal cough. There was also a strong relationship between anti-inflammatory treatment and a multicomponent asthma severity score constructed for each child. Inhaled corticosteroids and/or cromoglycate were used by 56% of the children with asthma (24% daily) and by 76% of children with moderate asthma (42% daily). Undertreatment, defined as less than daily inhaled corticosteroids/cromoglycate in moderate asthma, was identified in 130 children (14% of those with asthma or 3% of the sample). Conversely, apparently aggressive treatment, defined as inhaled corticosteroid/cromoglycate use in children with persistent minimal symptoms (asthma severity score of less than 3) was identified in 101 children (2% of the sample). Although there were significant differences between regions in the choice of anti-inflammatory drugs and in the prevalence both of undertreatment and apparently aggressive treatment, there was no clear relationship to regional utilization of emergency and hospital services for asthma. Nevertheless, the frequency of undertreatment suggests an opportunity to reduce asthma morbidity by more consistent application of current therapeutic guidelines.
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Tabrizi, Manijeh, Sima Sarabi, Morteza Rahbar Taramsari, Adel Baghersalimi, Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad, and Bahram Darbandi. "Changes in Opioid Poisoning Pattern in Children: A Retrospective Study in Rasht, Iran." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.15.3.794.1.
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Background: Poisoning comprises about 7% of accidents in children under 5-year-old and 2% of all pediatric deaths in developing countries. To warn against and prevent future potential poisoning with opioid substances, this comparative study was conducted on pediatric cases referred to the 17th Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht, Iran, in 2006 and 2018. Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, all hospitalized pediatric cases diagnosed with opioid poisoning in 2006 and 2018 were investigated systematically. The demographic data, such as age, gender, city or village of residence, the poisoning substances involved, and the clinical outcomes were extracted from the medical records and entered on an appropriately-designed form. The data analysis was performed, using SPSS software, version 21. Results: Fifty pediatric cases were examined with a mean age of 44.38±3.8 months old. Among these cases, 14 children had been poisoned, 13 of whom with opium and one with morphine in 2006; while in 2018, 36 children had been poisoned with methadone and only one with opium. Conclusion: Comparing years 2006 with 2018, a considerable increase in pediatric opioid poisoning cases was observed with a tendency toward methadone being the substance involved. The occurrences might be due to unsafe access of unaware children to this drug, especially after the initiation of methadone maintenance treatment for opiate addicts, who were mainly the parents or relatives living in the same household.
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LUTHAR, SUNIYA S., and GRETTA CUSHING. "Neighborhood influences and child development: A prospective study of substance abusers' offspring." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 4 (December 1999): 763–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457949900231x.
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In this 2-year prospective study, psychopathology and competence among drug abusers' offspring were examined in relation to characteristics of their neighborhoods. The sample consisted of 77 children of cocaine and opioid addicts with a mean age of 12.3 years at baseline and 14.2 years at follow-up. Outcomes examined included psychiatric diagnoses, dimensional symptom indices, and aspects of everyday behavioral competence. Links involving neighborhood variables varied by gender, wherein boys reflected greater deterioration than girls when neighborhoods had high crime rates and high proportions of low-income households. Conversely, girls appeared to benefit more than boys from the presence of professional adults in the community. Overall, neighborhood indicators accounted for more variability in changes in child adjustment over time than did indices of maternal psychopathology. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental changes in the salience of exosystemic and familial forces, and implications for interventions are outlined.
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Khalil, Hanan, Dimi Hoppe, and Nabil Ameen. "Characteristics of voluntary reporting of adverse drug events related to antipsychotics in Australia: 14-year analysis." Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 12 (January 2021): 204209862110128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420986211012854.
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Background: Retrospective analyses of large databases of treated patients can provide useful links to the presence of drug misuse or rare and infrequent adverse effects, such as agranulocytosis, diabetic ketoacidosis or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The aim of this study is to describe the adverse effects to antipsychotics reported in the Australian Database of Adverse Event Notifications (DAEN). Methods: Data were collected from the DAEN – a spontaneous reporting database. The database, which covered the period from January 2004 to December 2017, was obtained from the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) website ( www.TGA.gov ). The drugs selected for this investigation are the following: aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, paliperidone, risperidone, ziprasidone, quetiapine, haloperidol and pimozide. All data were analysed descriptively. Comparison of reporting and management of adverse events between adults (older than 20 years) and children (5–19 years) was undertaken using chi squared test, where p < 0.05 is significant. Results: A total of 7122 adverse events associated with the antipsychotics aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, paliperidone, pimozide, quetiapine and risperidone were reported to the TGA between January 2004 and December 2017. On average, there were 2.6 adverse events reported for each case. The most common adverse event reported for antipsychotics was neuroleptic malignant syndrome. There were no significant differences in the number of co-medications, formulations, indications, therapeutic dose, hospital admission and overdose among the antipsychotics between paediatric and adult populations. However, there were significant differences between causality, death and the management of adverse events between adult and paediatric populations (5–19 years) ( p < 0.05, chi squared test). Conclusion: The antipsychotic drug associated with the highest adverse events in adults was clozapine, followed by olanzapine. The most common adverse event in adults, and reported with a number of antipsychotic drugs, was neuroleptic malignant syndrome. In children, the highest numbers of adverse events reported in the database were associated with risperidone, clozapine and olanzapine. Plain language summary Adverse events reported of antipsychotics Background: Retrospective analyses of large databases of treated patients can provide useful clues to the presence of drug misuse or rare and infrequent adverse effects associated with antipsychotics. The drugs selected for this investigation are the following: aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, paliperidone, risperidone, ziprasidone, quetiapine, haloperidol and pimozide. Methods: All data were analysed descriptively and investigated for any associations between the variables collected. Comparison of reporting and management of adverse events between adults (older than 20 years) and children (5–19 years) was undertaken using chi squared test, where p < 0.05 is significant. Results: The antipsychotic drug associated with the highest adverse events was clozapine, followed by olanzapine. In children, the highest numbers of adverse events reported in the database were associated with risperidone, clozapine and olanzapine. The most common adverse event in adults, and reported with a number of antipsychotic drugs, was neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Conclusion: There were significant differences between causality, death and the management of adverse events between adult and paediatric populations (5–19 years).Keywords: Antipsychotics, adverse effects, adverse events, safety
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Bolaji, Stephen, Sulay Jalloh, and Marilyn Kell. "It Takes a Village: Listening to Parents." Education Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10030053.
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The study was premised on the concern of the migrant African parents about their children’s lack of aspiration for higher education after completing their secondary education in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia. There appears to be little understanding of, or confusion around, the different pathways available to higher education in Australia. The reports and anecdotes around African youths in the NT demonstrating antisocial behaviors, including, but not limited to drug offences, teen pregnancies and suicides prompted this research. These troubling behaviors have culminated in the death of two young boys in the African community in Darwin 2016 and another girl in 2019 in Kathrine. The study comprises of African parents who migrated to NT in Australia from different demographics in Africa. This study used a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to investigate African parents’ perception of their child’s post-secondary school aspiration. The outcome of this investigation revealed a lack of understanding of the NT Australian school systems and reporting strand on their children performance and the different pathways through which their children can access higher education in Australia. This study provided four recommendations to help African parents understand the NT Australian government policies and programs on education.
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Arianto, Satriyo Bagus, and Wulandari Rima Ramadhani. "Eksekusi Rehabilitasi Pecandu Narkotika Anak Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Restorative Justice." Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus 5, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/jhmo.v5i2.6808.
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Abstract
Circulation of Drug Trafficking has arisen largely and many can be seen from the increasing number of drug users by 0.15 percent from 2019 to 2021, these increasing number of users threatening the society in Indonesia. Drugs not only ensnare adults but also children can become victims of these addictive substances, because drugs are considered extraordinary crimes as such they later will be prosecuted, but doing so can cause both physical and psychological burdens on children due to the severity of the judicial process and criticism from the public on their status as a suspect, so other efforts are needed for drug cases in children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the execution of rehabilitation in child drug addicts and to analyze the execution of rehabilitation as a form of restorative justice. The legal research method used in this paper is normative research method by using statute approach, conseptual approach and fenomenologi approach. The changing concept of this paper relied on restorative justice concept whereas in children drug addict cases based on UU No.11/2012 which limited restorative justice concept only on diversion while restorative justice gets an extensive approach in Perkapolri. Based on the current regulation, the drug cases on children found better way in drug cases by rehabilitation outside the justice system which also complies with restorative justice and involves all parties to resolve the case fairly and restoring the children drug addict.
Keywords: children drug addict; rehabilitation; restorative justice
Abstrak
Peredaran narkotika yang semakin luas dan banyak dilihat dari meningkatnya jumlah pengguna narkotika sebanyak 0,15 persen dari tahun 2019sampai dengan tahun 2021, hal ini semakin mengancam masyarakat di Indonesia. Narkotika tidak hanya menjerat orang dewasa namun juga anak-anak menjadi korban dari zat adiktif tersebut, karena narkotika merupakan kejahatan luar biasa maka mereka akan di proses secara peradilan, namun hal itu dapat menyebabkan beban baik fisik maupun psikis anak terhadap beratnya proses peradilan dan kecaman dari masyarakat atas statusnya yang menjadi tersangka, maka diperlukan upaya lain untuk kasus narkotika pada anak-anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis terkait eksekusi rehabilitasi pada pecandu narkotika anak dan menganalisis terkait eksekusi rehabilitasi sebagai bentuk restorative justice. Dalam penelitian hukum ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Normatif yang dilakukan dengan cara pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dan pendekatan fenomenologi. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada konsep restorative justice, pada kasus anak khususnya pecandu anak melihat pada UU No.11/2012 di mana restorative justice hanya terbatas pada diversi sedangkan restorative justice mendapat perluasan konsep tersebut yang diatur pada Perkapolri. Dari pengaturan yang ada, pada kasus pecandu anak menemukan jalan yang lebih baik untuk anak-anak yang terkait kasus narkotika, yaitu berupa Rehabilitasi yang diberikan di luar proses peradilan, yang memenuhi juga dari segi restorative justice, serta melibatkan semua pihak untuk menyelesaikan masalah secara adil dan melakukan pemulihan terhadap anak tersebut.
Kata Kunci: keadilan restorasi; pecandu anak; rehabilitasi
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A.M., Oberemok. "THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF СO-DEPENDENT FAMILIES IN TERMS OF REHABILITATION CENTERS FOR DRUG ADDICTS." Collection of Research Papers Pedagogical sciences, no. 92 (January 29, 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2413-1865/2020-92-13.
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Purpose. The article is devoted to the system of social and pedagogical support of сo-dependent families in terms of rehabilitation centres for drug addicts.The theoretical basis for the development of the studied system are described, the designation of the system and its components are presented.Methods. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of scientific researches it is proved social and pedagogical system’s components.Results. The components of the socio-pedagogical system are the target, content, technological, subject-object and environmental. The principles of the socio-pedagogical system are the principle of voluntariness and acceptance of assistance, confidentiality, self-help, interaction of individual and differentiated approach, consideration strengths, humanism and tolerance.The content component is through the following components of work: 1) with сo-dependent separately; 2) with drug-addicted children separately; 3) together with both сo-dependent and drug addicts.Such work also takes place both in rehabilitation centre environment and outside it.The subject of social and pedagogical support in rehabilitation centre environment are a social educator and an interdisciplinary team of specialists, outside the centre – social groups and social services is defined by the subject-object component. The objects are co-dependent and drug addicts, micro and macro environment of their interaction.The environmental component consists of such elements: the environment of the rehabilitation centre, socio environment, interfamily environment.Conclusion. The technological component of the studied system combines forms (training, flash mob, round table), methods (group, peer-to-peer, self-help), stages (diagnostic, stage of implementation, correctional, final) and means (information and communication, educational and methodical, material).Key words: system, socio-pedagogical system, socio-pedagogical support, drug addicts, сo-dependent, system’s components. Мета. Стаття присвячена обґрунтуванню системи соціально-педагогічного супроводу співзалеж-них сімей в умовах реабілітаційних центрів для наркозалежних осіб. Розкрито теоретичні основи для розробки досліджуваної системи, подано визначення системи, розкрито її компоненти. Під системою соціально-педагогічного супроводу співзалежних сімей в умовах реабілітаційних центрів для наркоза-лежних осіб розуміємо множину взаємопов’язаних та взаємодетермінованих компонентів, об’єднаних метою подолання складних життєвих обставин у вигляді співзалежності і наркозалежності з подаль-шим навчанням ефективної взаємодії у сімейному і соціальному середовищі.Методи. На основі теоретичного аналізу були обґрунтовані компоненти соціально-педагогічної системи.Результати. Принципами соціально-педагогічної системи вважаємо принцип добровільності та при-йняття допомоги, конфіденційності, самодопомоги, взаємодії індивідуального та диференційованого підходу, врахування сильних сторін, гуманізму та толерантності.Змістовий компонент розкрито через такі складники роботи: 1)ізспівзалежними окремо; 2) з нар-козалежними дітьми окремо; 3) разом як із співзалежними, так і з наркозалежними. Така робота також відбувається як у середовищі реабілітаційного центру, так і поза його межами.Технологічний компонент досліджуваної системи поєднує форми (тренінг, флешмоб, круглий стіл), методи (групові, рівний-рівному, самодопомоги), етапи (діагностичний, етап реалізації діяльності, корекційний, підсумковий) і засоби (інформаційно-комунікаційні, навчально-методичні, матеріальні).Суб’єкт-об’єктним компонентом визначено, що суб’єктом соціально-педагогічного супроводу у середовищі реабілітаційного центру є соціальний педагог та міждисциплінарна команда фахівців, поза середовищем центру – соціальні осередки і соціальні служби. Об’єктами є співзалежні і наркоза-лежні, мікро- і макросередовище їх взаємодії.Середовищний компонент складається з таких елементів, як середовище реабілітаційного центру, соціальне середовище, внутрішньосімейне середовище.Результати. Компонентами соціально-педагогічної системи визначено цільовий (мета, принци-пи, результат), змістовий (зміст, напрями діяльності), технологічний (форми й методи, засоби, етапи), суб’єкт-об’єктний (суб’єкт, об’єкт) та інноваційний – середовищний (середовище партнерської взаємодії).Ключові слова: система, педагогічна система, соціально-педагогічний супровід, соціальне середовище, реабілітаційні центри, наркозалежні, співзалежні, компоненти системи.
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Hansman, D., S. Morris, M. Gregory, and B. McDonald. "Pneumococcal carriage amongst Australian aborigines in Alice Springs, Northern Territory." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 3 (December 1985): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400060782.
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SUMMARYIn Alice Springs and its vicinity, a single nasal swab was collected from 282 Australian aborigines in May 1981 to determine nasal carriage rates of pneumococci. Each swab was inoculated on blood agar and on gentamicin blood agar. The carriage rates were 89% in children, 39% in adolescents and 34% in adults. In all, 27 serotypes of pneumococci were met with and 15 (4%) of subjects yielded two or more serotypes. In children, types 23, 19, 6, 22 and 6 were predominant (in that order), whereas type 3 was commonest in older subjects. Approximately 25% children and 5% adults yielded drug-insensitive pneumococci. Resistance to benzylpenicillin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole was met with, resistant pneumococci showed five resistance patterns and belonged to nine serotypes, predominantly types 19 and 23. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincomycin and rifampicin. The carriage rate of drug-insensitive pneumococci was 100-fold higher amongst children sampled than in non-aboriginal children in Australia.
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LENTON, SIMON, and FIONA FARRINGDON. "Expected impacts of the Cannabis Infringement Notice scheme in Western Australia on attitudes and drug use of school children." Drug and Alcohol Review 24, no. 4 (July 2005): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595230500263913.
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Vanderplasschen, Wouter, Stijn Vandevelde, Franky D’Oosterlinck, Dirk Vandevelde, Jan Naert, and Rowdy Yates. "Eric Broekaert (1951-2016): the life and legacy of a TC pioneer and integrative thinker." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 38, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-02-2017-0008.
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Purpose Eric Broekaert passed away shortly after the XVIth European Working group on Drug-Oriented Research (EWODOR)-conference in Rome on 28 September 2016. He was one of the great TC pioneers in Europe, who founded the first TC for addictions in Belgium (De Kiem) and co-founded the European Federation of Therapeutic Communities and EWODOR. He was a respected Professor of “Orthopedagogics” at Ghent University and a Member of the Editorial Collective of Therapeutic Communities: the International Journal of Therapeutic Communities. The paper aims to discuss the overview of the career of Eric Broekaert. Design/methodology/approach In this obituary, the authors provide an overview of his career, major achievements and theoretical, methodological and integrative ideas, clustered around four typologies: university professor and scholar; manager and source of inspiration; TC pioneer and believer, and integrative thinker. Findings Besides his obvious merits as a TC researcher and advocate, one of his major theoretical contributions has been the introduction of the holistic, integrative approach and the idea that diverse types of interventions, as well as methodological approaches can alternatively go together. Originality/value He regarded TCs as the ultimate integration of various educational and therapeutic approaches to promote growth and quality of life among severely disadvantaged populations, such as drug addicts and children and adults with emotional and behavioural disorders.
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Tomášková, Anežka, Romana Šlamberová, and Marie Černá. "Influence of Prenatal Methamphetamine Abuse on the Brain." Epigenomes 4, no. 3 (July 14, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes4030014.
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Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant, has become a serious problem in recent years. It is one of the most widely abused psychostimulants in the world. In the Czech Republic, ecstasy is the most commonly used non-cannabis drug, followed by hallucinogenic fungi, LSD, MA, cocaine, and finally heroin. The prevalence of the usage of all addictive substances is highest in the age category of 15–34. Approximately 17.2% of registered drug addicts, both male and female, in the Czech Republic use MA as their first-choice drug. This group consists mostly of women who are unemployed and addicted to MA (85%). Almost half of the addicted women switched to MA from other drugs in the course of pregnancy. Psychostimulants such as amphetamine and its synthetic derivate MA induce feelings of calm and happiness by suppressing anxiety and depression. When MA is abused for longer periods, it mimics symptoms of mania and can lead to the development of psychosis. MA is often abused for its anorectic effect, its simple preparation, and compared to heroin and cocaine, its low price. There are significant differences in the susceptibility of users to the stimulant, with reactions to MA fluctuating from person to person. Molecular mechanisms related to the variable response among users might represent an explanation for increased addiction-associated bipolar disorder and psychosis. Currently, there is limited information regarding genetic mechanisms linked to these disorders and the transmission of drug addiction. As such, animal models of drug addiction represent significant sources of information and assets in the research of these issues. The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanism of action of methamphetamine and its effect on pregnant addicted women and their children, including a detailed description of the anatomical structures involved.
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Heath, Katherine, Aimée Altermatt, Freya Saich, Alisa Pedrana, Stephanie Fletcher-Lartey, Anna L. Bowring, Mark Stoové, et al. "Intent to Be Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Victoria, Australia." Vaccines 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020209.
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Background: High vaccine uptake requires strong public support, acceptance, and willingness. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study gathered survey data every four weeks between 1 October 2020 and 9 November 2021 in Victoria, Australia. Data were analysed for 686 participants aged 18 years and older. Results: Vaccine intention in our cohort increased from 60% in October 2020 to 99% in November 2021. Vaccine intention increased in all demographics, but longitudinal trends in vaccine intention differed by age, employment as a healthcare worker, presence of children in the household, and highest qualification attained. Acceptance of vaccine mandates increased from 50% in October 2020 to 71% in November 2021. Acceptance of vaccine mandates increased in all age groups except 18–25 years; acceptance also varied by gender and highest qualification attained. The main reasons for not intending to be vaccinated included safety concerns, including blood clots, and vaccine efficacy. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination campaigns should be informed by understanding of the sociodemographic drivers of vaccine acceptance to enable socially and culturally relevant guidance and ensure equitable vaccine coverage. Vaccination policies should be applied judiciously to avoid polarisation.
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Akhmetianova, Zamira Asrarovna, Geliusa Khadievna Garaeva, Olga Nikolaevna Nizamieva, and Farda Ildarovna Khamidullina. "Rights of underage patients." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S1 (October 8, 2021): 1195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns1.1505.
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The right of Russian citizens to their health protection is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. However, there are peculiarities of the exercise of this right by a minor category of patients. The article analyzes the legal status of a minor patient, considers his social and individual rights in medical care. The peculiarities of the exercise of the child's right to information about the state of his health are revealed, the aspects of deciding on consent or refusal from medical care are considered. Given the fact that minor patients do not have full civil legal capacity, i.e. they cannot be responsible for their health and are not able to protect themselves, the article examines the relationship between the child's right to give his consent to medical intervention with the volume of civil legal capacity, as well as the conditions for the participation of a minor in contractual relations in the field of health care. The authors analyzed peculiarities of the exercise of rights by certain categories of minor patients: those who suffer from mental disorders, orphans and children left without parental care, minors, drug addicts, etc.
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محمود, شيماء بدري فکرى. "الاضطرابات النفسية وعلاقتها بالاضطرابات السلوكية لدى أبناء مدمني المخدرات فى مرحلة الطفولة المبكرة Psychological Disorders And Their Relationship To Behavioral Disorders Among Children Of Drug Addicts In Early Childhood." دراسات فى الطفولة والتربية 22, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 310–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/dftt.2022.130412.1099.
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Kelty, E., E. Quintrell, P. Manners, D. Preen, and J. Nossent. "AB1245 HOSPITAL ADMISSION RATES FOR JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA HAVE NOT CHANGED FOLLOWING THE INTRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL DRUG THERAPY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1734.1–1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2545.
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BackgroundAggressive treatment with disease modifying drugs to reach early disease remission has become standard of care for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in Australia this millennium (1,2).ObjectivesWe examined whether this modern approach including the availability of subsidised TNF inhibitor treatment has led to a change in the rate of first hospitalisation for JIA patients in Western Australia (WA). Hospital data were also used to estimate a minimum prevalence of JIA in WA.MethodsState-wide hospital data were used to identify patients aged 15 years and younger with a first hospitalisation for JIA between 1990 and 2012. Changes in the hospitalisation rate over time were examined using join-point regression. State-wide PBS prescription data on TNFi (available for JIA since 2004) were obtained from Services Australia and expressed as defined daily dose /1000/day (DDD).ResultsWe identified 786 unique cases of JIA in WA hospital records. At the time of the index hospitalisation, patients were on average 7.6 (± 4.4) years of age and female patients made up the majority of cases (n=465, 59.2%). The overall rate for a first hospitalization for JIA was 7.9 (95%CI: 7.3, 8.4) per 100,000 children ≤15 years, and did not change significantly over the study period (annual percentage change (APC): 1.3, 95%CI -0.3, 2.8), although TNFi usage increased linearly and DDD reached 0.3 at the end of study. The hospital-based prevalence of JIA in 2012 reached 114.5/100.000 for girls (0.12%) and 52.9/100.000 for boys (0.05%).ConclusionThe hospital based (i.e. minimum) prevalence of JIA in WA aligns with international data. Rates for a first hospitalization for JIA have not decreased during a time when early aggressive therapy became common practice and TNFi use for JIA reached 30/100.000. This unexpected finding requires further investigation.References[1]Georgina Tiller, Joanne Buckle, Roger Allen et al. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis managed in the new millennium: one year outcomes of an inception cohort of Australian children. Pediatric Rheumatology (2018) 16:69[2]Jane Munro, Emily Haesler, Jiri Rada,Amy Jasper. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a literature review of recent evidence. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, August 2009AcknowledgementsSupported by a grant from The Arthritis Foundation of Western AustraliaDisclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Reupert, Andrea, Rebecca Jones, Keith Sutton, and Darryl Maybery. "‘Everyone knew everyone’s business’: Being a parent with housing issues in rural areas." Journal of Sociology 52, no. 4 (July 10, 2016): 677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783315576759.
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This research explored the intersection between participants’ parenting role and housing difficulties, in rural communities. Thirteen parents were recruited from drug and alcohol and mental health agencies in rural Australia. Transcripts were analysed using content analysis, along with inter-rater reliability. The quandary of gaining access to their children while living in inadequate housing was indicated. Participants also described the ‘spiral’ nature of problems, highlighting the interrelated nature of mental illness, substance use, housing difficulties and losing access to children. The impacts of housing problems on parenting roles and children were described as well as those supports considered to be useful in obtaining appropriate housing. Living in rural areas where ‘everyone knew everyone’ made it difficult for some to obtain housing. The need to address housing, parenting, mental illness and substance abuse as interrelated, rather than as singular issues is highlighted.