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Journal articles on the topic 'Children – Mental health – Western Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lima, Fernando, Carrington Shepherd, Janice Wong, Melissa O’Donnell, and Rhonda Marriott. "Trends in mental health related contacts among mothers of Aboriginal children in Western Australia (1990–2013): a linked data population-based cohort study of over 40 000 children." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e027733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027733.

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ObjectiveThis study examines the scale of maternal mental health related contacts among Australian Aboriginal children over time, and associations with socio-economic characteristics, geographical remoteness and maternal age.DesignA retrospective cohort study of the prevalence of maternal mental health related contacts among Aboriginal children born in Western Australia between 1990 and 2013.SettingPopulation of Western Australia with de-identified linked administrative data from the Western Australian Department of Health.ParticipantsAll Aboriginal children born in Western Australia between 1990 and 2013 and their mothers.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of maternal mental health related contacts among Aboriginal children born between 1990 and 2013. Mental health related contacts were identified using mental health related inpatient hospitalisations and outpatient contacts.ResultsAlmost 30% of cohort children were born to a mother with at least one mental health contact in the 5 years prior to birth, with 15% reported in the year prior to birth and the year post birth. There was a distinct increase in the prevalence of maternal mental health contacts between 1990 and 2013 (4–5% per year, with a peak in 2007). Maternal mental health contacts were associated with living in more disadvantaged areas and major cities, and having a mother aged over 20 years at birth.ConclusionsThe study affirms that mental health issues place a considerable burden on Aboriginal Australia, and suggests that many of the mental health issues that women develop earlier in life are chronic at the time of conception, during pregnancy and at birth. Early intervention and support for women in the earliest stages of family planning are required to alleviate the burden of mental health problems at birth and after birth. There is a clear need for policies on the development of a holistic healthcare model, with a multisector approach, offering culturally appropriate services for Aboriginal people.

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van Spijker, Bregje A., Jose A. Salinas-Perez, John Mendoza, Tanya Bell, Nasser Bagheri, Mary Anne Furst, Julia Reynolds, et al. "Service availability and capacity in rural mental health in Australia: Analysing gaps using an Integrated Mental Health Atlas." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 10 (June 28, 2019): 1000–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419857809.

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Objective: Access to services and workforce shortages are major challenges in rural areas worldwide. In order to improve access to mental health care, it is imperative to understand what services are available, what their capacity is and where existing funds might be spent to increase availability and accessibility. The aim of this study is to investigate mental health service provision in a selection of rural and remote areas across Australia by analysing service availability, placement capacity and diversity. Method: This research studies the health regions of Western New South Wales and Country Western Australia and their nine health areas. Service provision was analysed using the DESDE-LTC system for long-term care service description and classification that allows international comparison. Rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated to compare the care availability and placement capacity for children and adolescents, adults and older adults. Results: The lowest diversity was found in northern Western Australia. Overall, Western New South Wales had a higher availability of non-acute outpatient services for adults, but hardly any acute outpatient services. In Country Western Australia, substantially fewer non-acute outpatient services were found, while acute services were much more common. Acute inpatient care services were more common in Western New South Wales, while sub-acute inpatient services and non-acute day care services were only found in Western New South Wales. Conclusion: The number and span of services in the two regions showed discrepancies both within and between regions, raising issues on the equity of access to mental health care in Australia. The standard description of the local pattern of rural mental health care and its comparison across jurisdictions is critical for evidence-informed policy planning and resource allocation.

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Lillee, Alyssa, Aesen Thambiran, and Jonathan Laugharne. "Evaluating the mental health of recently arrived refugee adults in Western Australia." Journal of Public Mental Health 14, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-05-2013-0033.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the levels of psychological distress in adults entering Western Australia (WA) as refugees through the Australian Humanitarian Programme. To determine if the introduction of mental health screening instruments impacts on the level of referrals for further psychological/psychiatric assessment and treatment. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 300 consecutive consenting refugee adults attending the Humanitarian Entrant Health Service in Perth, WA. This service is government funded for the general health screening of refugees. The Kessler-10 (K10) and the World Health Organisation’s post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screener were the principal outcome measures used. Findings – Refugees had a high rate of current probable PTSD (17.2 per cent) as measured with the PTSD screener and mean K10 scores were significantly higher than general population norms. The K10 showed high accuracy for discriminating those with or without probable PTSD. Being married and having more children increased the risk of probable PTSD. In regard to region of origin, refugees from Western and Southern Asia had significantly higher scores on both screeners followed by those from Africa with those from South-Eastern Asia having the lowest scores. Referral rate for psychiatric/psychological treatment was 18 per cent compared to 4.2 per cent in the year prior to the study. Practical implications – This study demonstrates increased psychological distress including a high rate of probable PTSD in a recently arrived multi-ethnic refugee population and also demonstrates significant variations based on region of origin. In addition, it supports the feasibility of using brief screening instruments to improve identification and referral of refugees with significant psychological distress in the context of a comprehensive general medical review. Originality/value – This was an Australian study conducted in a non-psychiatric setting. The outcomes of this study pertain to refugee mental health assessed in a general health setting. The implications of the study findings are of far reaching relevance, inclusive of primary care doctors and general physicians as well as mental health clinicians. In particular the authors note that the findings of this study are to the authors’ knowledge unique in the refugee mental health literature as the participants are recently arrived refugees from diverse ethnic groups.

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Smith, Jodie, Rhylee Sulek, Ifrah Abdullahi, Cherie C. Green, Catherine A. Bent, Cheryl Dissanayake, and Kristelle Hudry. "Comparison of mental health, well-being and parenting sense of competency among Australian and South-East Asian parents of autistic children accessing early intervention in Australia." Autism 25, no. 6 (April 25, 2021): 1784–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211010006.

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Parents from individualist cultures (those focused on autonomy of individuals; that is, Australian) may view their autistic children differently compared to parents from collectivist cultures (where community needs are valued over an individual’s, that is, South-East Asian cultures). As most research on autism and parenting has been undertaken in Western individualist cultures, knowledge of parenting beliefs and mental health within collectivist cultures is lacking. We compared the mental health, quality of life, well-being and parenting sense of competency between families raising an autistic child from two groups: 97 Australian parents and 58 parents from South-East Asian backgrounds. Children from both groups were receiving the same community-based early intervention. No group differences were found on the measures of mental health but, when compared to Australian parents, parents from South-East Asian backgrounds reported higher well-being and less impact on their quality of life resulting from their child’s autism-specific difficulties. Furthermore, a positive association between well-being and quality of life was only observed for South-East Asian parents. Hence, the views of, and responses to, disability for South-East Asian parents may act as a protective factor promoting well-being. This novel research indicates that culture plays a role in parenting autistic children and highlights the need to accurately capture cultural background information in research. Lay abstract We know that parents of autistic children experience poorer mental health and lower well-being than parents of non-autistic children. We also know that poorer mental health among parents of autistic children has been observed across different cultures. Most research focuses on Western cultures, so we know little about parental mental health and well-being of parents from different cultural backgrounds; yet, it is likely that cultural background contributes to how parents view their child’s condition and respond to the diagnosis. Here, we compared mental health, quality of life and well-being between families raising an autistic child from Australian backgrounds to families from South-East Asian backgrounds. All children in the current study were receiving the same community-based early intervention. When compared to the general population, parents had poorer mental health overall, but there were no differences between the two groups of parents. However, parents from South-East Asian backgrounds reported higher well-being and fewer difficulties associated with their child’s autism. These findings suggest that cultural background likely influences not only parent’s view of, and response to, their child’s autism, but also their own sense of well-being. As researchers and clinicians working with families of autistic children, we should more explicitly consider family’s cultural background within our work.

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Garton, Alison F., Stephen R. Zubrick, and Sven R. Silburn. "The Western Australian Child Health Survey: A Pilot Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 29, no. 1 (March 1995): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679509075891.

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A pilot survey of 200 households was undertaken to field test the survey instruments and trial the validation and calibration procedures for the Western Australian Child Health Survey (WACHS) conducted in 1992. This paper describes the background to the WACHS, the development of the instrumentation and the conduct of the pilot study. This survey aims to replicate and extend previous epidemiological surveys conducted in other countries, and to provide Australian norms for mental health morbidity in 4 to 16 year old children. The measurement of mental health was undertaken through the use of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). This screening instrument provided data on the prevalence of mental health morbidity and of specific mental disorders in 4 to 16 year olds. Its reliability and validity as a diagnostic indicator were checked through a clinical calibration technique. The pilot survey also permitted an examination of the sampling strategy adopted to ensure that the sample selected reflected “normality” in terms of expected trends and results. Modifications to the content of the questionnaires are described in light of both psychometric qualities of the data and comments from field interviewers and professionals who have examined the instrument. Finally, changes to data collection strategies are discussed.

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Zubrick, Stephen, Robert Kosky, and Sven Silburn. "Is Suicidal Ideation Associated with Puberty?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 21, no. 1 (March 1987): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678709160899.

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Chronological age, rather than puberty, was associated with suicidal ideation in both sexes in a sample of 1, 060 children and adolescents aged nine to fourteen years who were referred to a child psychiatry service in Perth, Western Australia.

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Maclean, Miriam Jennifer, Scott Anthony Sims, and Melissa O'Donnell. "Role of pre-existing adversity and child maltreatment on mental health outcomes for children involved in child protection: population-based data linkage study." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e029675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029675.

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ObjectivesTo determine mental health outcomes for children with a history of child protection system involvement, accounting for pre-existing adversity, and to examine variation in risk across diagnostic groupings and child protection subgroups.DesignA longitudinal, population-based record-linkage study.ParticipantsAll children in Western Australia (WA) with birth records between 1990 and 2009.Outcome measuresMental health diagnoses, mental health contacts and any mental health event ascertained from International Classification of Diseases codes within WA’s Hospital Morbidity Data Collection and Mental Health Information System from birth until 2013.ResultsCompared with children without child protection contact, children with substantiated maltreatment had higher prevalence of mental health events (37.4% vs 5.9%) and diagnoses (20% vs 3.6%). After adjusting for background risks, all maltreatment types were associated with an almost twofold to almost threefold increased hazard for mental health events. Multivariate analysis also showed mental health events were elevated across all child protection groups, ranging from HR: 3.54 (95% CI 3.28 to 3.82) for children who had entered care to HR: 2.31 (95% CI 2.18 to 2.46) for unsubstantiated allegations. Maternal mental health, aboriginality, young maternal age and living in socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods were all associated with an increased likelihood of mental health events. The increase varied across diagnostic categories, with particularly increased risk for personality disorder, and frequent comorbidity of mental health and substance abuse disorders.ConclusionsYoung people who have been involved in the child protection system are at increased risk for mental health events and diagnoses. These findings emphasise the importance of services and supports to improve mental health outcomes in this vulnerable population. Adversities in childhood along with genetic or environmental vulnerabilities resulting from maternal mental health issues also contribute to young people’s mental health outcomes, suggesting a role for broader social supports and early intervention services in addition to targeted mental health programmes.

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Morgan, V., P. Di Prinzio, G. Valuri, M. Croft, S. Shah, T. McNeil, and A. Jablensky. "A life course perspective on familial and environmental risks for schizophrenia using a western Australian E-cohort." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.868.

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IntroductionFamilial risk for psychosis may interact with environmental risk factors.ObjectivesWe are studying a large birth cohort of children of mothers with psychotic disorders, themselves at high risk of developing a psychotic illness, to understand the developmental aetiology of psychotic illness.AimsOur aim is to examine whether exposure to environmental stressors in childhood, including timing of exposure, is a risk factor for psychotic illness, independent of familial liability. Specificity to maternal schizophrenia is explored.MethodsWe used record-linkage across state-wide registers (midwives, psychiatric, child protection and mortality, among others) to identify 15,486 offspring born in Western Australia 1980–2001 to mothers with a lifetime history of psychotic illness (case children) and compared them with 452,459 offspring born in the same period to mothers with no known psychiatric history (comparison children).ResultsA total of 4.1% of case children had developed a psychotic illness compared to 1.1% of comparison children. Exposure to environmental risk factors including obstetric complications, aboriginality, lower socioeconomic status, discontinuity in parenting and childhood abuse significantly increased risk of psychotic illness in offspring. Length and age at time of discontinuity in parenting impacted on risk. At the same time, case children were also significantly more likely than comparison children to be at risk of experiencing these adverse life events.ConclusionsExposure to environmental stressors is associated with psychotic illness, and timing of exposure is important. However, children already at increased familial risk for psychotic illness are also at increased risk of experiencing these environmental stressors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Garton, Alison F., Stephen R. Zubrick, and Sven R. Silburn. "The Western Australian Child Health Survey: A review of what was found and what was learned." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 15, no. 1 (May 1998): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027838.

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AbstractThe Western Australian Child Health Survey (WACHS) surveyed 4- to 16-year-olds and their families. In a pilot study of 189 households, one in five children reported mental health prob1ems.A clinical calibration trial confirmed a link between morbidity on the Child Behaviour Checklist and DSM-III-R diagnosis in clinical interview. In the main study of 1462 households, one in six young people showed at least one mental health problem. Adolescent risk behaviours were associated with developmental coping issues and some behavioural problems. Poor parental health and mental health and some school environments were factors related to adverse health outcomes for young people.

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Seivwright, Ami N., Zoe Callis, and Paul Flatau. "Food Insecurity and Socioeconomic Disadvantage in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020559.

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Research on food insecurity in Australia has typically relied on a single-item measure and finds that approximately 5% of the population experiences food insecurity. This research also finds that demographic characteristics such as household composition and marital status affect levels of food insecurity, independent of income level. The present study examines the prevalence and correlates of food insecurity in a cohort (n = 400) of people experiencing entrenched disadvantage in Perth, Western Australia. Using the US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module, we find that food insecurity at the household, adult, and child level is at sharply elevated levels, with 82.8% of the sample reporting household food insecurity, 80.8% and 58.3% experiencing food insecurity among adults and children, respectively. Demographic characteristics do not significantly affect levels of food insecurity, and food insecurity is associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. Food insecurity is positively correlated with access to food emergency relief services, indicating that these services are being used by those most in need, but do not address the root causes of food insecurity. Policy and practice should focus on increasing stable access to adequate quantities and quality of food and addressing the structural causes of food insecurity.

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Mace, Ariel Olivia, Shani Mulheron, Caleb Jones, and Sarah Cherian. "Educational, developmental and psychological outcomes of resettled refugee children in Western Australia: A review of School of Special Educational Needs: Medical and Mental Health input." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 50, no. 12 (June 27, 2014): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12674.

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Kosky, Robert, Ian McAlpine, Sven Silburn, and John Richmond. "A Survey of Child Psychiatry Outpatients. 1. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 19, no. 2 (June 1985): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678509161313.

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This paper describes clinical and demographic characteristics of 664 children who attended outpatient child psychiatry clinics in Perth, Western Australia, over a one-year period. All social classes were represented; parents were the most common source of referral and typically the child had been assessed or treated for emotional or behavioural problems by other agencies previously. Referrals from the juvenile justice system were uncommon. The accessibility of clinics to the child population was found to have a significant effect on the rate of referral. Only 10% of the sample received conduct disorder diagnoses, whereas 16.5% had mixed disorders of conduct and emotion, and 42% had emotional disorders. Environmental circumstances, particularly recent marital break-up, family discord and recent experience of loss, were contributing factors to the child's clinical presentation in a large proportion of cases.

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Tyson, Orla, Clare M. Roberts, and Robert Kane. "Can Implementation of a Resilience Program for Primary School Children Enhance the Mental Health of Teachers?" Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.19.2.116.

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AbstractThis study investigated whether a mental health promotion program delivered by primary school teachers to prevent internalising problems in children had any impact on the teachers' job-related affective wellbeing. Teacher job-related anxiety and job-related depression were measured before teaching the Aussie Optimism program, and after implementation at 12 and 24 months. Schools and teachers were randomised to one of three groups: Aussie Optimism with Teacher Training; Aussie Optimism with Teacher Training and Coaching; or the Usual Care control group, which implemented the regular Western Australian Health Education Curriculum. In all three groups, teachers taught lessons to promote student self-management and interpersonal skills during the last two years of primary school. Teachers in schools in the control group received training in Aussie Optimism after the first year of intervention. Data was collected from 405 primary school teachers in 63 government primary schools. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed partial support for the hypotheses, with teachers in the Training and Coaching intervention group reporting significantly lower levels of job-related anxiety at the 12-month assessment and depression at both the 12- and 24-month assessments when compared to teachers in the Usual Care control group. There were no significant differences between teachers in the Training only group and the control group after intervention.

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Zubrick, S. R., F. Mitrou, D. Lawrence, and S. R. Silburn. "Maternal death and the onward psychosocial circumstances of Australian Aboriginal children and young people." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 9 (January 5, 2011): 1971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710002485.

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BackgroundThis study sought to determine the social and emotional impact of maternal loss on Aboriginal children and young people using data from the Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey (WAACHS).MethodData were from a population-based random sample of 5289 Aboriginal children aged under 18 years. Interview data about the children were gathered from primary carers and from their school teachers. Probabilistic record linkage to death registrations was used to ascertain deaths. Association between maternal death and subsequent psychosocial outcomes was assessed using univariate analyses and logistic regression.ResultsOf the 5289 Aboriginal children, 57 had experienced the death of their birth mother prior to the survey. Multi-variable adjustment accounting for age and gender found that, relative to children who were living with their birth mother, children whose birth mother had died were at higher risk for sniffing glue or other substances [odds ratio (OR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–8.7], using other drugs (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–6.8), talking about suicide (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2–5.7) and attempting suicide (OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.6–31.1).ConclusionsAlthough the death of a birth mother is relatively rare and the vast majority of Aboriginal children with adverse developmental outcomes live in families and are cared for by their birth mother, the findings here suggest that the loss of a birth mother and the circumstances arising from this impart a level of onward developmental risk for mental health morbidity in Australian Aboriginal children.

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Geschiere, Marina E., Renske Spijkerman, and Anke De Glopper. "RISK OF PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN WHOSE PARENTS RECEIVE OUTPATIENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 8, no. 2 (July 26, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs82201717723.

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The entrance of parents into substance abuse treatment provides a unique opportunity to discuss parenting with them, and to inquire about the psychological wellbeing of their children. This is important because parental substance abuse is associated with an increased risk for the development of mental health problems in children. In this study, clients from a Dutch outpatient treatment facility who had custody of or regular contact with their children completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) about their children aged 4 to 17 years (<em>N</em> = 99), after being referred to a parenting consultation with a specialized professional. Compared to other studies conducted in Western Europe and Australia with similar at-risk populations, the SDQ results in the present study suggested a lower percentage of children with psychosocial problem behavior. Still, 29% of the children in our sample showed psychosocial problems in the clinical range. According to logistic regression analyses, which tested associations between client and family characteristics and risk of psychosocial problems, 5 factors (client’s gender, education level, presence of financial debts, child’s age, and absence of siblings) were associated with a higher likelihood of one or more types of psychosocial problems. Present findings suggest that, of children whose substance-abusing parents enter outpatient treatment, almost one third may have psychosocial problems that require further assessment and treatment.

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Cross, Donna, Yolanda Pintabona, Margaret Hall, Greg Hamilton, Erin Erceg, and Clare Roberts. "The Friendly Schools Project: An Empirically Grounded School-based Bullying Prevention Program." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 13, no. 1 (July 2003): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100004726.

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There exists limited empirical evidence of the effectiveness of universal school-based interventions to reduce or prevent children's bullying. The Friendly Schools project was a 3-year longitudinal randomised control trial designed to determine the efficacy of a universal holistic intervention to prevent or reduce bullying among primary school children. The trial involved 1968 Western Australian children, their parents and their teachers. This paper discusses the components of the Friendly Schools program, and how empirical, theoretical and “promising” mechanisms of change (mediators) were operationalised to develop a whole-of-school approach to reduce bullying. This paper concludes that further research is needed to determine empirically: (a) which mechanisms of change mediate improvements in children's bullying behaviour and mental health status and (b) the relative contribution of the various components of a whole-of-school approach to bullying prevention and reduction in children.

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Campbell, K. E., L. Dennerstein, M. Tacey, N. Fujise, M. Ikeda, and C. Szoeke. "A comparison of Geriatric Depression Scale scores in older Australian and Japanese women." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26, no. 1 (January 8, 2016): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015001110.

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Aims:The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Australian and Japanese populations of community-dwelling older women using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). In addition, the relationship between lifestyle and health factors and higher ratings of depressive symptoms was also examined to determine if there were culturally consistent risk factors associated with higher depressive symptom scores.Methods:A total of 444 community based women aged between 65 and 77 years completed a depressive symptom measure (GDS-15) and provided information on common lifestyle factors. The Australian sample (n = 222) were drawn from the Women's Healthy Ageing Project and the age-matched, Japanese sample from the Kumamoto Ageing Study of Mental Health (n = 222). The GDS was chosen to; (1) reduce the impact of physical symptoms associated with old age and, (2) reduce the inflation in scores that may result from the Japanese tendency to endorse somatic items more often than Western adults.Results:Mean GDS total scores were significantly higher for the Japanese population 3.97 ± 3.69 compared with 1.73 ± 2.7 for Australian women. The percentages of women scoring in the normal; mild and moderate ranges for depression were 91, 7 and 2% for Australia and 67, 24 and 9% for Japan. Scores remained significantly higher for the Japanese cohort when controlling for lifestyle and health factors associated with depression. The analysis of lifestyle and health characteristics showed that the greatest difference between cohorts was in the area of living status, with more Australian women living with their partner and more than three times as many Japanese women living with their children. When the data for the countries was considered independently employment status affected the likelihood of higher depression scores in the Australian sample while heart disease and poor sleep impacted the risk for the Japanese population.Conclusions:Significantly more Japanese women scored within the mild and moderate ranges on the GDS compared with their Australian peers, even when controlling for possible confounding factors. Of the lifestyle and health factors assessed in this analysis no single variable was a common risk factor for higher depressive scores for both countries. The presence of cultural influences that may impact the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms, and culture specific patterns of item endorsement on depressive symptom measures, needs to be explored in more detail.

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Morgan, Vera A., and Assen V. Jablensky. "From inventory to benchmark: quality of psychiatric case registers in research." British Journal of Psychiatry 197, no. 1 (July 2010): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.076588.

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SummaryIn recent years, there has been a marked increase in the use of psychiatric case registers for research purposes. Registers are a valuable data asset but there are no standard guidelines for evaluating their use in research. It is becoming increasingly important for researchers who use register data, and journal editors who publish their work, to set benchmarks to assess the quality of a register and its research application. Several criteria that could form the basis of such an evaluative framework are discussed. The discussion is illustrated using a Western Australian e-cohort of half a million children for whom we have assembled comprehensive data cross-linked across a number of administrative registers.

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Priddis, Lynn E., Sarah Landy, Darren Moroney, and Robert Kane. "An Exploratory Study of Aggression in School-Age Children: Underlying Factors and Implications for Treatment." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 24, no. 1 (June 19, 2013): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2013.12.

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Aggressive behaviour in school-aged children presents a significant challenge for society. If not managed, it can result in adverse academic, social, emotional, and behavioural outcomes for the child. In addition, it can create stress for families and become a significant burden for the community as these children reach adolescence and adulthood, and engage in antisocial behaviours. Using a three-step exploratory analytical strategy, this study explored parent and child reports of a diverse range of underlying developmental and clinical variables that have been identified in the literature as predictors of aggressive child behaviour, and which could be addressed within an Australian school or community context. A total of 57 children and their parents were recruited from a referral-based Western Australian child mental health service, and the wider community. A group of 31 clinically aggressive children were identified and compared to a group of 26 non-aggressive children. The aggressive group was reported as having a greater prevalence of internalising symptoms, including anxiety and depression, and their aggressive behaviour was more likely to be of the callous/unemotional type, relative to their non-aggressive counterparts. Significant predictors of belonging to the aggressive group included child social problems, thought problems, attention problems, affective problems, narcissism, symptoms of ADHD and PTS, and low maternal self-esteem. Findings are presented and discussed in the context of established theories. Recommendations for principles of treatment for aggressive children and their families are suggested.

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McNamara, Bridgette, Lina Gubhaju, Louisa Jorm, David Preen, Jocelyn Jones, Grace Joshy, Carrington Shepherd, Daniel McAullay, and Sandra Eades. "Exploring factors impacting early childhood health among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families and communities: protocol for a population-based cohort study using data linkage (the ‘Defying the Odds’ study)." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e021236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021236.

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IntroductionEmpirical evidence on family and community risk and protective factors influencing the comparatively high rates of potentially preventable hospitalisations and deaths among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infants and children is limited. As is evidence on geographical variation in these risks. The ‘Defying the Odds’ study aims to explore the impact of perinatal outcomes, maternal social and health outcomes and level of culturally secure service availability on the health outcomes of Western Australian (WA) Aboriginal infants and children aged 0–5 years.Methods and analysisThe study combines a retrospective cohort study that uses state-wide linked health and administrative data from 12 data sources for multiple generations within Aboriginal families in WA, with specifically collected survey data from health and social services supporting Aboriginal families in regions of WA. Data sources include perinatal/birth registration, hospital, emergency department, mental health services, drug and alcohol service use, mortality, infectious disease notifications, and child protection and family services. Multilevel regression models will be used to examine the intensity of admissions and presentations, mortality, intensity of long stays and morbidity-free survival (no admissions) for Aboriginal children born in WA in 2000–2013. Relationships between maternal (and grand-maternal) health and social factors and child health outcomes will be quantified. Community-level variation in outcomes for Aboriginal children and factors contributing to this variation will be examined, including the availability of culturally secure services. Online surveys were sent to staff members at relevant services to explore the scope, reach and cultural security of services available to support Aboriginal families across selected regions of WA.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals have been granted for the study. Interpretation and dissemination are guided by the study team’s Aboriginal leadership and reference groups. Dissemination will be through direct feedback and reports to health services in the study and via scientific publications and policy recommendations.

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Silva, Desiree T., Erika Hagemann, Jacqueline A. Davis, Lisa Y. Gibson, Ravisha Srinivasjois, Debra J. Palmer, Lyn Colvin, Jamie Tan, and Susan L. Prescott. "Introducing the ORIGINS project: a community-based interventional birth cohort." Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0057.

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Abstract Objectives Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose the greatest threat to human health globally. The dramatic rise in early onset NCDs – such as childhood obesity, the allergy epidemic and an increasing burden of mental ill health in children and youth – reflect the profound early impact of modern environments on developing systems. The ORIGINS Project is a research platform enabling world class investigation of early antecedent pathways to NCDs, and how to curtail these. As well as facilitating strategic long-term research capacity, ORIGINS is a pipeline for short-term productivity through a series of clinical trials, early interventions, mechanistic studies, and targeted research questions to improve maternal and paternal health and the early environment. Methods ORIGINS is a decade-long collaborative initiative between the Joondalup Health Campus (JHC) and the Telethon Kids Institute (TKI) to establish a Western Australian (WA) birth cohort of 10,000 families, enrolled during pregnancy. It is currently funded to follow up participating children and their families to five years of age. Comprehensive data and biological samples are collected from participants at up to 15 different timepoints, from the first antenatal clinic visit. In the process, ORIGINS is creating a major research platform, consisting of an extensive, world class biobank and databank. Of key strength and novelty, ORIGINS includes a series of harmonised nested sub-projects integrated with clinical and diagnostic services and providing real-time feedback to improve the health of individuals and the community. Conclusions At its core, ORIGINS aims to improve the health and quality of life of the next generation through improved pathways to optimise the early environment and reduce adversity by promoting primary prevention, early detection and early intervention. This dynamic, interactive, community-based project not only provides novel research capacity, productivity, collaboration and translational impact on future generations – it is also anticipated to have flow on benefits for community engagement, cohesion and purpose. This will provide a sentinel example for tailored replication in other communities around the world as part of interconnected grass root strategies to improve planetary health.

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Bell, M. F., D. M. Bayliss, R. Glauert, A. Harrison, and J. L. Ohan. "Children of parents who have been hospitalised with psychiatric disorders are at risk of poor school readiness." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 28, no. 5 (April 10, 2018): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796018000148.

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Aims.Children of parents with psychiatric disorders are at risk of poor outcomes. However, there is limited evidence regarding the relationship between parental psychiatric disorders and child school readiness, which is linked to later academic achievement. This study aims to investigate these relationships and broaden the evidence underlying the rationale for family-focused interventions for parental psychiatric disorders.Method.This study used linked administrative data. Children's school readiness in multiple developmental domains (physical, social, emotional, communicative, cognitive) was measured by the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) for 19 071 Western Australian children (mean age 5.5 years). Children scoring in the bottom 25% on any AEDC domain were considered developmentally vulnerable, or at risk of vulnerability, on that domain. Biological child–parent pairs were identified using birth records. Parents with psychiatric disorders were identified from hospital records, which included information on diagnosis and frequency/duration of psychiatric admissions. Logistic regressions, adjusted for parent age, mother's marital status, child Aboriginality, child English language status, local community remoteness and socioeconomic index, estimated the odds of children being vulnerable/at-risk on each of the AEDC domains.Results.A total of 719 mothers and 417 fathers had a psychiatric hospitalisation during the study period (12 months prior to the child's birth, up to the end of 2009). Children whose parents had psychiatric disorders had increased odds of being classified as vulnerable/at-risk for school readiness. This increase in odds was evident for both maternal (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.37– 1.51) and paternal psychiatric disorders (aOR 1.38–1.50); and for a single admission of one day (aOR 1.32–1.59), a single admission of multiple days (aOR 1.30–1.47), and multiple admissions (aOR 1.35–1.63). Some variability in child outcome was found depending on the parents’ psychiatric diagnosis (mood, anxiety, substance abuse or comorbid disorder).Conclusions.Children of parents who have been hospitalised with psychiatric disorders are at risk for poor school readiness. These findings add support to recommendations that mental health professionals consider dependent children in discharge and treatment planning for adult psychiatric inpatients. It is also important to ensure that the impact of psychiatric illness in fathers is not overlooked in assessment and intervention. Family-based approaches to adult psychiatric care could meet the dual needs of intervention for parents and preventative measures for children. These findings can inform policy regarding the importance of integrating and coordinating services to meet the needs of families.

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Sweeney, Pam, and Stephen Kisely. "BARRIERS TO MANAGING MENTAL HEALTH IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Australian Journal of Rural Health 11, no. 4 (August 2003): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2003.00504.x.

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Aoun, Samar, and Lyn Johnson. "CAPACITY BUILDING IN RURAL MENTAL HEALTH IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Australian Journal of Rural Health 10, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2002.tb00007.x.

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Aoun, Samar, and Lyn Johnson. "CAPACITY BUILDING IN RURAL MENTAL HEALTH IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Australian Journal of Rural Health 10, no. 1 (February 2002): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2002.00407.x.

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26

Threlfall, Timothy, Neil Kent, Peter Garcia-Webb, Elizabeth Byrnes, and Paul Psaila-Savona. "Blood lead levels in children in Perth, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 12, 2010): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00172.x.

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Morgan, V., D. Castle, and A. Jablensky. "Seasonality of birth in Western Australia." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 4 (April 1996): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.4.521a.

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Jablensky, Assen. "Researching Psychiatry in Western Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 5 (May 2004): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01265.x.

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JONES, T. W., and T. R. HENDERSON. "Urinary calculi in children in Western Australia: 1972–86." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 25, no. 2 (April 1989): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1989.tb01424.x.

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30

Browne, Graeme, Andrew Cashin, and Iain Graham. "Children with Behavioral/Mental Health Disorders and School Mental Health Nurses in Australia." Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 25, no. 1 (October 17, 2011): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2011.00306.x.

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31

Teh, Serene P. C., A. J. G. Xiao, Edward Helmes, and Deirdre G. Drake. "Electroconvulsive Therapy Practice in Western Australia." Journal of ECT 21, no. 3 (September 2005): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.yct.0000171611.86728.70.

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BLAZE-TEMPLE, DEBRA G., COLIN W. BINNS, TONY RADALJ, and MICHAEL PHILLIPS. "Drinkers at Risk in Western Australia." Addiction 83, no. 11 (November 1988): 1281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03039.x.

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33

Martyr, Philippa. "A brief history of forensic mental health services in Western Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (January 31, 2017): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217689914.

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Objective: To scope the history of forensic mental health services in Western Australia since colonisation. Method: A range of primary sources, including archives, reports, and oral histories was consulted. Results: Forensic mental health services were identified as historically poorly managed, under-resourced, and inconsistently delivered. Conclusions: Current problems with forensic mental health services may be linked to historical factors.

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Fearnley, Emily Jane, Ricardo Jorge Soares Magalhães, Peter Speldewinde, Philip Weinstein, and Annette Dobson. "Environmental Correlates of Mental Health Measures for Women in Western Australia." EcoHealth 11, no. 4 (September 17, 2014): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-014-0966-3.

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HANNA, J. N., B. E. WILD, and P. D. SLY. "The epidemiology of acute epiglottitis in children in Western Australia." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 28, no. 6 (December 1992): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1992.tb02718.x.

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Saligheh, M., B. Mcnamara, and R. Rooney. "Exercise participation in postpartum women in Western Australia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73386-7.

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IntroductionResearch evidence suggests that the prevalence rate of postpartum depression in Western countries is 10–25% (Beck, 2001; O’ Hara & Swain, 1996). Many women diagnosed with postnatal depression(PND) are reluctant to take antidepressant medication (Whitton,1996). Coupled with the limited availability of psychological therapies, the consideration of adjunctive interventions for managing PND would appear worthwhile. Physical activity(PA) has been demonstrated to both mediate and improve outcomes for depression (Dimeo, 2001; Nabkasorn et al., 2006) in the general population, and in moderating the impact of PND (Daley, 2009).ObjectivesTo describe physical activity participation in a cohort of postpartum women in Western AustraliaTo investigate the factors associated with physical activity participation in postpartum women Examine the differences between women reporting PND and those without on physical activityAimsStudy 1 was the distribution of a postpartum physical activity questionnaire through child health clinics to mothers within the 6 weeks to12 months postpartum period.MethodsCohort design was used to recruit mothers within postpartum periodResultsThe results from the study showed that mothers who were at the risk of PND had the same level of physical activity in compare to normal mothers. The T-test showed there was not any significant correlation. Analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between the effect of PND on parental self-confidence and partner support.ConclusionFindings suggest that further exploration needs to be considered to explore mothers’ experience of physical activity, its barriers and the interaction of their partners in order to exercise after child birth.

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Way, Raymond Tint. "Burmese Culture, Personality and Mental Health." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 19, no. 3 (September 1985): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678509158832.

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As Australia, shaped by new policies of immigration and multiculturalism, grows more cosmopolitan, the challenge for psychiatry is to gain greater familiarity with the new ethnic minority groups, including their cultural personalities and backgrounds. The problem faced by the Burmese group in Australia is distinctive and poignant. Some 20,000 Burmese immigrated following World War II, chiefly to Western Australia in the first place, uniting and consolidating their families. Following the military coup and the Revolutionary Council Government of the early 60s, further emigration from Burma was cut off. This meant that the Burmese in Australia, already under stress arising from cultural differences, were prevented from developing the extensive internal social support systems that characterise other major ethnic groups. The author, a Burmese doctor working in a psychiatric setting in Sydney, draws attention to aspects of his country and its people which should be helpful for psychiatric and related professions.

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Gracey, M., and J. Cullinane. "Gastroenteritis and environmental health among Aboriginal infants and children in Western Australia." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 39, no. 6 (August 2003): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1754.2003.00182.x.

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Khatami, Ameneh, Fouzia Khan, and Kristine K. Macartney. "Enteric Fever in Children in Western Sydney, Australia, 2003–2015." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 36, no. 12 (December 2017): 1124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000001606.

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Barber, Neville R. "Mental health — problems and issues with access to information in Western Australia." Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 7, no. 2 (November 2000): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13218710009524986.

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41

Laugharne, Jonathan, Michael Glennen, and June Austin. "The “Maga Barndi” Mental Health Service for Aboriginal People in Western Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 10, no. 1 (March 2002): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2002.00385.x.

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Speldewinde, Peter C., Angus Cook, Peter Davies, and Philip Weinstein. "A relationship between environmental degradation and mental health in rural Western Australia." Health & Place 15, no. 3 (September 2009): 880–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.02.011.

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43

SLACK‐SMITH, LM, AW READ, and FJ STANLEY. "The use of medication in children attending childcare in Western Australia." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 34, no. 2 (April 1998): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1754.1998.00196.x.

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44

Tennant, Chris, and Derrick Silove. "The development of a mental health service in East Timor: an Australian mental health relief project." International Psychiatry 2, no. 8 (April 2005): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600007232.

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East Timor (the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) occupies the eastern half of the island of Timor, which lies between North Western Australia and the Indonesian archipelago. East Timor has a population of around 860 000. It is predominantly rural and there are few large towns. The country has a largely subsistence agricultural economy; coffee is the principal cash crop. The population is extremely poor, and transport and communications are primitive.

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45

Larsen, Ann-Claire. "The Child Health Service: Governing Families of Pre-School Children in Western Australia." Annual Review of Health Social Science 6, no. 1 (January 1996): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/hesr.1996.6.1.113.

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46

Alsharif, Alla, Estie Kruger, and Marc Tennant. "Future projections of child oral-related hospital admission rates in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 6 (2016): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15132.

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This study aimed to project the hospital admission rates of Western Australian children for oral conditions, with a particular focus on dental caries, embedded and impacted teeth, and pulp and periapical conditions through to the year 2026. Two methods were used to generate projection data through to the year 2026, using the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Dataset for the period 1999–2000 to 2008–2009. The projected admission rate increase in those children aged 14 years and younger from 2000 to 2026 was 43%. The admission rates are expected to more than double over time (7317 cases in 2026 compared to only 3008 cases in 2000) for those children living in metropolitan areas. Dental caries, embedded and impacted teeth, and pulp and periapical conditions will remain the top (mostly) preventable causes of admission throughout this time. Anticipating the future burden of oral-related hospital admissions in children, in terms of expected numbers of cases, is vital for optimising the resource allocation for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment. A concerted effort will be required by policymakers and oral healthcare communities to effect substantial change for the future.

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Martyr, Philippa, and Aleksandar Janca. "‘A matter for conjecture’: leucotomy in Western Australia, 1947–70." History of Psychiatry 29, no. 2 (February 26, 2018): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x18757363.

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Very little has been published on the rise and fall of psychosurgery in Australia. In the mid-twentieth century, Western Australia was the largest but most sparsely-populated of the six Australian States, and its local psychiatry practice was, as one commentator put it, ‘backward’. Nonetheless, electroconvulsive therapy was introduced in 1945, and leucotomy in 1947. This paper will explore the introduction of leucotomy to Western Australia in the context of wider national and international trends in psychiatry, and posit some reasons for its decline and abandonment in the 1970s. It will present a narrative reconstruction of the local introduction and practice of leucotomy, using retrieved, reconstructed and previously unpublished data.

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Martyr, Philippa. "A Lesson in Vigilance? Mental Health Nursing Training in Western Australia, 1903–1958." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 31, no. 11 (October 2010): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2010.497240.

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49

Laugharne, J. "P-432 - Investigating the mental health of refugees recently arrived in western australia." European Psychiatry 27 (January 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(12)74599-6.

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50

Henderson, Anthony R., and Philippa Martyr. "Too little, too late: Mental health nursing education in Western Australia, 1958-1994." International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 22, no. 3 (July 19, 2012): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2012.00861.x.

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