Journal articles: 'Children in the wood'

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MacBeth, Rachel, and Claire Sargeant. "Team Values: Wood work." Nursery World 2023, no. 11 (November 2, 2023): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2023.11.60a.

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Beatle Woods is an outdoor, term-time nursery in Coventry, West Midlands that caters for children from the age of two. Set in a ten-acre site of natural woodland, it also provides care for children being either home or flexi-home educated, and has also recently extended its hours to offer wraparound care. Rachel MacBeth first met Beatle Woods' deputy manager, Claire Sargeant, when they both worked at the same pack-away pre-school.

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Woolley, Katherine E., Suzanne E. Bartington, Telesphore Kabera, Xiang-Qian Lao, Francis D. Pope, Sheila M. Greenfield, Malcolm J. Price, and G. Neil Thomas. "Comparison of Respiratory Health Impacts Associated with Wood and Charcoal Biomass Fuels: A Population-Based Analysis of 475,000 Children from 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179305.

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Background: The World Health Organisation reported that 45% of global acute respiratory infection (ARI) deaths in children under five years are attributable to household air pollution, which has been recognised to be strongly associated with solid biomass fuel usage in domestic settings. The introduction of legislative restrictions for charcoal production or purchase can result in unintended consequences, such as reversion to more polluting biomass fuels such as wood; which may increase health and environmental harms. However, there remains a paucity of evidence concerning the relative health risks between wood and charcoal. This study compares the risk of respiratory symptoms, ARI, and severe ARI among children aged under five years living in wood and charcoal fuel households across 30 low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Data from children (N = 475,089) residing in wood or charcoal cooking households were extracted from multiple population-based Demographic and Health Survey databases (DHS) (N = 30 countries). Outcome measures were obtained from a maternal report of respiratory symptoms (cough, shortness of breath and fever) occurring in the two weeks prior to the survey date, generating a composite measure of ARI (cough and shortness of breath) and severe ARI (cough, shortness of breath and fever). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were implemented, with adjustment at individual, household, regional and country level for relevant demographic, social, and health-related confounding factors. Results: Increased odds ratios of fever (AOR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.12) were observed among children living in wood cooking households compared to the use of charcoal. However, no association was observed with shortness of breath (AOR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.96–1.10), cough (AOR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.95–1.04), ARI (AOR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.96–1.11) or severe ARI (AOR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.99–1.17). Within rural areas, only shortness of breath was observed to be associated with wood cooking (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.15). However, an increased odds ratio of ARI was observed in Asian (AOR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04–1.51) and East African countries (AOR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01–1.22) only. Conclusion: Our population-based observational data indicates that in Asia and East Africa there is a greater risk of ARI among children aged under 5 years living in wood compared to charcoal cooking households. These findings have major implications for understanding the existing health impacts of wood-based biomass fuel usage and may be of relevance to settings where charcoal fuel restrictions are under consideration.

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Hanták, Jakub, and Danica Končeková. "Positive effects of wood in Vorarlberg’s (Austria) timber kindergartens." Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alfa-2023-0018.

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Abstract The application of sustainable materials and their integration into newly constructed, valuable, and cultural architecture is a topic currently often mentioned in connection with the new initiative called the New European Bauhaus. The aim of this paper is to highlight the impact of wood material in the interiors of preschool institutions, its positive influence on the development of children and its inclusivity in education. The use of wooden furniture and wooden structural elements in kindergarten interiors opens a new area of research and interest in the context of promoting diversity and access for every child, regardless of their abilities or limitations. The article analyses the architecture of kindergartens in Vorarlberg, which serves as an excellent reference example for the development of new school projects. The authors raise questions as to how such architectural and design thinking can support the promotion of inclusive education of children and whether it can positively influence their cognitive abilities, ultimately affecting their overall quality of life. The findings presented in the article can inspire new ideas and solutions for the creation of preschool architecture that aims to provide an inclusive environment for children where they can expand their knowledge and gain new experiences, while applying innovative design thinking. The selected analyses and comparisons focused on whether the presence of wood material can positively impact the well-being of children in the physical environment of kindergartens. The paper aims to prove that interiors with exposed wood can improve the quality of teaching and support social interaction and playful learning of children. The results of this study can serve as a strong argument for the New European Bauhaus initiative advocating for the implementation of renewable materials such as wood in accordance with the principles of biophilic, restorative environmental, and salutogenic design in practice.

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Dewi, T., A. N. Vidiarti, D. Y. Fitranti, D. M. Kurniawati, and G. Anjani. "Formulation of baby biscuits with substitution of wood grasshopper flour (Melanoplus cinereus) as an alternative complementary food for children." Food Research 4, S3 (May 30, 2020): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s3).s25.

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The provision of complementary food is one effort to overcome nutrition problems in vulnerable groups such as children aged 12-24 months. Giving inadequate complementary food can cause malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in Yogyakarta, Indonesia in 2017 was 8.26%. While in this region, there is a kind of insect, wood grasshopper, that commonly consumed as local food as a source of protein. In this study, wood grasshopper flour was used to substitute wheat flour to develop baby biscuits and analyze the amino acid, energy, nutrient content; protein quality; and organoleptic properties. An experimental study of a complete randomized one factor by substitution of wood grasshopper flour with variations in substitution of 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10%. Wood grasshopper is obtained directly from GunungKidul Regency, Yogyakarta. Substitution of wood grasshopper flour could enhance energy, protein, dietary fiber, zinc, and amino acid content level of lysine, leucine, phenylalanine, arginine. Whereas, decrease carbohydrate and methionine content. The most suitable energy, nutrient content, quality protein, and the preferred organoleptic of baby biscuits and fullfil the Indonesian regulation of complementary food is the formulation with the substitution of wood grasshopper flour as much as 5%. The suggested serving size of baby biscuits with the substitution of wood grasshopper flour is 6 pieces (60 g). Consumption of one serving size of baby biscuits with the substitution of wood grasshopper flour contributes to the adequacy of protein per day as much as 24-38% RDA of children aged 12-24 months from each formulation

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Abdullah, Sudarman, Herdianto Mendila, Muhammad Chaidar Febriansyah, and Ahmad Ibrahim. "Penerapan Kayu Laminasi “Glulam” sebagai Material Utama pada Struktur Bangunan Children Centre." TIMPALAJA : Architecture student Journals 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/timpalaja.v2i1a7.

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Abstrak_Glued-Laminated Timber atau Glulam merupakan sebuah produk kayu berupa papan laminasi yang disusun yang direkatkan dengan lem. Pengaplikasian material Glulam pada bangunan umumnya digunakan sebagai rangka bangunan bentang lebar, dikarenakan jenis kayu glulam dapat memeiliki bentang diatas 50 m. Produk ini merupakan inovasi dalam mengatasi terbatasna bahan baku kayu utuh berdiameter besar dan berkualitas sebagai material bangunan. Glulam pertama kali ditemukan di jerman, dan saat ini menjadi salah satu material konstruksi bangunan yang sangat populer di dunia, terutama di kawasan eropa dan amerika utara. Jenis kayu Glulam memiliki banyak keunggulan dibandingkan material kayu ataupun material bangunan lainnya, salah satunya keluwesan bentuk produksi kayu sesuai dengan pesanan. Artinya, spesifikasi model rangka struktur dapat dimodifikasi menyesuaikan desain estetika bangunan. Ini berarti, keterbatasan desain terhadap kekhawatiran akan struktur dapat teratasi. Hal ini pula yang menjadi salah satu alasan menignkatnya desain bangunan yang mengekspos strukturnya utamanya pada bangunan dan fasilitas publik seperti Children Centre. Konsep perencanaan Children Centre dengan pendekatan terhadap lingkungan alam dapat didukung dengan pengaplikasian material kayu untuk memberikan dampak psikologis yang dekat dengan alam. Selain jenis material ini aman dan tahan terhadap guncangan gempa dan lebih tahan api dibandingkan dengan produk kayu laminasi lain yang membuat glulam cocok sebagai material bangunan publik terutaman fasilitas khusus anak. Selain itu, keluwesan Glulam terhadap lebar bentang bangunan memungkinkan ruang bermain dan aktivitas indoor anak akan menjadi lebih luas yang memungkinkan anak merasakan kebebasan meskipun di dalam ruangan. Dalam tumbuh kembang anak, aktivitas bermain terutama berlari dan berjalan menjadi media utama anak dalam mengeksplorasi kondisi lingkungan di sekitarnya. Kata kunci : Glulam, Kayu Laminasi, Children Centre Abstract_Glued-Laminated Timber or Glulam is a wooden product in the form of a laminated board arranged which is glued together with glue. The application of Glulam material in buildings is generally used as a full span building framework because the type of glulam wood can have spans above 50 m. This product is an innovation in overcoming the limitations of large diameter raw wood material and quality as a building material. Glulam was first discovered in Germany and is currently one of the most famous building construction materials in the world, especially in Europe and North America. Glulam wood has many advantages compared to wood or other building materials, one of which is the flexibility of the form of wood products according to the order. That is, the specifications of the structural frame model can be modified to adjust the aesthetic design of the building. This means that the design limitations of fundamental concerns can be overcome. This is also one of the reasons for the rise in building design that exposes its structure primarily to buildings and public facilities such as the Children Center. The concept of planning a Children Center with an approach to the natural environment can be supported by the application of wood material to provide a psychological impact that is close to nature. In addition to this type of content, it is safe and resistant to earthquake shocks. It is more fire-resistant compared to other laminated wood products that make Glulam suitable as public building materials, especially for individual facilities for children. Also, the flexibility of Glulam against the width of the building's span allows the child's play space and indoor activities to be more extensive, which enables the child to feel freedom even in the room. In the growth and development of children, play activities, especially running and walking, become the child's main media in exploring the condition of the surrounding environment.Keywords: Glulam, Laminated Wood, Children Center

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ROBIN, LAURA F., PETER S. J. LEES, MARCY WINGET, MARK STEINHOFF, LAWRENCE H. MOULTON, MATHURAM SANTOSHAM, and ADOLFO CORREA. "Wood-burning stoves and lower respiratory illnesses in Navajo children." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 15, no. 10 (October 1996): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199610000-00006.

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Baptist, Deborah L., and Nan S. Leslie. "Children playing with poison: Arsenic exposure from CCA-treated wood." Journal for Nurse Practitioners 4, no. 1 (January 2008): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2007.08.024.

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Arsad, Effendi. "PENGGUNAAN KAYU JABON (Anthochepalus chinensis Lamk) DAN BALANGERAN (Shorea balangeran Korth) UNTUK KEBUTUHAN MASYARAKAT DAN INDUSTRI (Balangeran and Jabon Timber for Public and Industrial Purposes)." Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v8i1.2066.

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Jabon is a fast-growing perennials. The wood has smoother texture than Balangeran, cylinder and straight, yellowish - white color and non fibrous, and easy to peel. Jabon wood can be used as raw materials for: plywood industry, furniture, pulp, children toys, crates, sole, matches and non-construction building materials. Balangeran wood can be utilised for plywood industry, furniture and building materials, bridge, keel, railway sleeper and power pole. The heartwood is red-brown and dark brown colored, the sapwood is yellowish white color or pink, straight fibers, the texture is coarse and even, with glassy surface and contains resin, straight trunk. Jabon and balangeran wood can be developed for commercial wood substitution.Keywords : jabon, balangeran, timber, publics, industry

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Muchamad Irvan, Ardina Eka, Neneng Setyaningsih, Husen Fuad, and Dyah Mustika. "Utilization of Wood Waste as Learning Media for Children with Special Needs." SPECIAL 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/special.vol5.no1.a9124.

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In the learning process in class, the teacher's creativity is required so that the learning process can take place in a fun and varied way and that children do not feel bored. Learning objectives can be achieved properly with the variety of media used in learning. Given the lack of media used in learning, waste materials can be a solution in developing learning media that is cheap and easily available from the surrounding environment but still prioritizes safety, comfort, convenience, environmentally friendly, and fun for children. The workshop program on using wood waste as learning media aims to increase knowledge and understanding of waste and train students' skills in making learning media for children with disabilities. The method used is qualitative, which is descriptive research and tends to use analysis with an inductive approach. The evaluation results explained that through the training, most students had understood the concepts, strategies, and techniques of managing wood waste as learning media for children with special needs, as seen from the discussion activities of many students who asked about learning media for children with special needs.

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Pandey, Anjali. "WOOD CRAFT OF BIHAR AND UTTAR PRADESH –A SURVEY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2834.

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The tradition of wood carving is old. Wood craft is quite popular in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Craftsmen of these states are using their skill for making the designs in traditional and innovative way. A unique engraving creativity of ‘Nakkashi work’ appears with floral and figures etched out by the craftsmen. Lacquer work is obviously one of the major handicrafts of these regions. Various motifs of birds, peacock, fish, carved on the wood, appeals the viewers. The items made out of bamboo and wood are crafted in the shapes of birds, human figures and animals. Figures of Gods and Goddesses, animals and many mythological figures are crafted by the local craftsmen. The dolls, peacocks, parrots, elephants, horses, goats, bulls and cows are the repertoire of rural children. Uttar Pradesh is world known for its carved and brass inlayed or tarkashi wooden handicrafts. The craftsmen of Saharanpur are excelled in the art of inlayed wood work it is now widely used to decorate the centre-table, ash-trays, fruit-basket, service tray and other furniture articles etc. Varanasi and Amroha are particularly well known for lacquered woodcraft of UP. Numbers of lacquered toys, miniature kitchen utensils for children are made in this state.

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Rava, Marta, Alessandro Marcon, Paolo Girardi, Vanda Pironi, Caterina Silocchi, Paolo Ricci, and Roberto de Marco. "Proximity to wood factories and hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in children." Science of The Total Environment 410-411 (December 2011): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.078.

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Bruce, Nigel, T. Smith-Sivertsen, A. Diaz, M. Schei, Daniel Pope, K. Smith, B. Arana, A. Khalakdina, and R. Klein. "BURNS TO CHILDREN IN WOOD FUEL USING HOMES IN RURAL GUATEMALA." Epidemiology 15, no. 4 (July 2004): S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200407000-00212.

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Bahari Mohd Yusoff, Saiful, Sinin Hamdan, Zalina Ibrahim, and Shah Jhihan Abdullah. "Coconut Coir Experimental Process for Producing an Alternative Block Toy Compound." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (August 2, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16676.

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Currently, children’s block toys use solid wood, processed wood and Medium-Density Fiber board (MDF). MDF is a mixture of sawdust that is held together with wax, resin and formaldehyde and has been widely used to produce children’s toys. MDF are heavy and found to be health hazardous especially to children. This research focuses on the process of transforming the waste from the coconut coir/husk as an alternative to the current unsafe materials into toy block. The coconut coir/husk is creatively processed to produce children toy block that are soft, lightweight, cheap, harmless for children to use and environmental friendly. The process involved treatment of insignificant waste and transforming it into a competitive product, thus reducing mass pollution by the coconut farmers and open burning of coconut coir/husks.

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Woolley, Katherine E., Tusubira Bagambe, Ajit Singh, William R. Avis, Telesphore Kabera, Abel Weldetinsae, Shelton T. Mariga, et al. "Investigating the Association between Wood and Charcoal Domestic Cooking, Respiratory Symptoms and Acute Respiratory Infections among Children Aged Under 5 Years in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 3974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113974.

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Background: Household air pollution associated with biomass (wood, dung, charcoal, and crop residue) burning for cooking is estimated to contribute to approximately 4 million deaths each year worldwide, with the greatest burden seen in low and middle-income countries. We investigated the relationship between solid fuel type and respiratory symptoms in Uganda, where 96% of households use biomass as the primary domestic fuel. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 15,405 pre-school aged children living in charcoal or wood-burning households in Uganda, using data from the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associations between occurrence of a cough, shortness of breath, fever, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and severe ARI with cooking fuel type (wood, charcoal); with additional sub-analyses by contextual status (urban, rural). Results: After adjustment for household and individual level confounding factors, wood fuel use was associated with increased risk of shortness of breath (AOR: 1.33 [1.10–1.60]), fever (AOR: 1.26 [1.08–1.48]), cough (AOR: 1.15 [1.00–1.33]), ARI (AOR: 1.36 [1.11–1.66] and severe ARI (AOR: 1.41 [1.09–1.85]), compared to charcoal fuel. In urban areas, Shortness of breath (AOR: 1.84 [1.20–2.83]), ARI (AOR: 1.77 [1.10–2.79]) and in rural areas ARI (AOR: 1.23 [1.03–1.47]) and risk of fever (AOR: 1.23 [1.03–1.47]) were associated with wood fuel usage. Conclusions: Risk of respiratory symptoms was higher among children living in wood compared to charcoal fuel-burning households, with policy implications for mitigation of associated harmful health impacts.

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Siregar, Riza Inanda, Rahmi Karolina, Muhammad Agung Putra Handana, and Syahrizal. "EXPANSION OF THE READING SPACE BUILDING TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION FOR COMMUNITY CHILDREN BELAWAN NELAYAN." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v3i2.4037.

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The condition of the reading hut, which only has the pillars of non-structural wood which has a short wooden life, requires the community to periodically replace the rotten wood pillars. Of course this will take a lot of time and costs. Children and adults at the service location have good reading interests. They routinely visit the floating reading hut, but lately people's interest has diminished because the condition of the floating library is not feasible. The woods of the floating library building are decayed and not suitable to be occupied. Especially the foundation or pillar of the building can no longer be able to survive firmly. These things are the background of the community service activities team to choose the location to be able to apply civil engineering in making foundation or as a pillar of the floating library building of Belawan Fishermen's Village. The main thing and priority that becomes the problem in theFishermen Village which is the service partner is the reading hut that is used by the children of the Belawan Fishermen Village whose capacity is inadequate. The reading lodge does not have a terrace that can be used by local children to play and learn. In addition, the terrace can be used to prevent rainwaterfrom entering the main room of the reading cottage. The solution offered in this program is the expansion of the reading hut in the form of a decent terrace to be used by the children of the Belawan Fishermen Village community to learn and play. The expansion of the reading hut consists of concrete pile foundations and floor plates from wooden planks or plywood boards with zinc roofs.

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Goddard, Charlotte. "Go for it!" Nursery World 2022, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2022.2.16.

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Zemlyanova, M. A., A. N. Perezhogin, and Yu V. Koldibekova. "Trends detected in children’s health and their relation with basic aerogenic risk factors under exposure to specific ambient air contamination caused by metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.05.eng.

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Industrial objects including metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises that emit hazardous chemicals into ambient air are often located within or close to residential areas; it results in poorer ambient air quality and health disorders caused by it, first of all, among children. Our research objects were chemicals contents in ambient air in a residential area exposed to emissions from metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises (the test territory) and in an area where there were no such productions (the reference territory), and primary morbidity among children in both of them. We determined priority chemical risk factors basing on hygienic assessment of ambient air quality and calculation of risks that non-carcinogenic effects would occur in organs and systems of children who lived in a zone exposed to the given industrial objects. These factors included aluminum oxide, particulate matter, phenol, and gaseous fluorides and their contents were up to 5.0 times higher than permissible levels. We detected negative trends in primary morbidity among children and established authentic models showing dependence between a probable growth in morbidity as per respiratory diseases, diseases of the nervous system, gastric diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and diseases of the urogenital system and total doses of chemicals under aerogenic exposure. All the above mentioned indicates that poor ambient air quality in a residential area can make for a growth in related morbidity as per the given nosologies. Established and parameterized cause-and-effect relations allow predicting negative responses in critical organs and systems (as per the given nosologies) of exposed children. It provides scientific substantiation for developing relevant prevention activities aimed at reducing and preventing negative consequences for health of children living in regions where large metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises are located

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Zemlyanova, M. A., A. N. Perezhogin, and Yu V. Koldibekova. "Trends detected in children’s health and their relation with basic aerogenic risk factors under exposure to specific ambient air contamination caused by metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.05.

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Industrial objects including metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises that emit hazardous chemicals into ambient air are often located within or close to residential areas; it results in poorer ambient air quality and health disorders caused by it, first of all, among children. Our research objects were chemicals contents in ambient air in a residential area exposed to emissions from metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises (the test territory) and in an area where there were no such productions (the reference territory), and primary morbidity among children in both of them. We determined priority chemical risk factors basing on hygienic assessment of ambient air quality and calculation of risks that non-carcinogenic effects would occur in organs and systems of children who lived in a zone exposed to the given industrial objects. These factors included aluminum oxide, particulate matter, phenol, and gaseous fluorides and their contents were up to 5.0 times higher than permissible levels. We detected negative trends in primary morbidity among children and established authentic models showing dependence between a probable growth in morbidity as per respiratory diseases, diseases of the nervous system, gastric diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and diseases of the urogenital system and total doses of chemicals under aerogenic exposure. All the above mentioned indicates that poor ambient air quality in a residential area can make for a growth in related morbidity as per the given nosologies. Established and parameterized cause-and-effect relations allow predicting negative responses in critical organs and systems (as per the given nosologies) of exposed children. It provides scientific substantiation for developing relevant prevention activities aimed at reducing and preventing negative consequences for health of children living in regions where large metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises are located

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Zemlyanova, M. A., A. N. Perezhogin, and Yu V. Koldibekova. "Trends detected in children’s health and their relation with basic aerogenic risk factors under exposure to specific ambient air contamination caused by metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.05.eng.

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Industrial objects including metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises that emit hazardous chemicals into ambient air are often located within or close to residential areas; it results in poorer ambient air quality and health disorders caused by it, first of all, among children. Our research objects were chemicals contents in ambient air in a residential area exposed to emissions from metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises (the test territory) and in an area where there were no such productions (the reference territory), and primary morbidity among children in both of them. We determined priority chemical risk factors basing on hygienic assessment of ambient air quality and calculation of risks that non-carcinogenic effects would occur in organs and systems of children who lived in a zone exposed to the given industrial objects. These factors included aluminum oxide, particulate matter, phenol, and gaseous fluorides and their contents were up to 5.0 times higher than permissible levels. We detected negative trends in primary morbidity among children and established authentic models showing dependence between a probable growth in morbidity as per respiratory diseases, diseases of the nervous system, gastric diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and diseases of the urogenital system and total doses of chemicals under aerogenic exposure. All the above mentioned indicates that poor ambient air quality in a residential area can make for a growth in related morbidity as per the given nosologies. Established and parameterized cause-and-effect relations allow predicting negative responses in critical organs and systems (as per the given nosologies) of exposed children. It provides scientific substantiation for developing relevant prevention activities aimed at reducing and preventing negative consequences for health of children living in regions where large metallurgic and wood-processing enterprises are located

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Liu, Yu-Chun, and An-Sheng Lee. "Application of Fuzzy Theory to the Investigation of Children’s Preference for Wooden Toy Materials—A Case Study of Rocking Horses." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 7, 2023): 6356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086356.

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This study aims to investigate the sensory preferences of children aged 8–12 regarding the material and characteristics of wooden toys. Taking wooden rocking horses as research samples, this study selected three types of wood, respectively Pinus taiwanensis, Fagus sylvatica, and Juglans nigra, which are significantly different in appearance from solid wood commonly used to make wooden toys. The experiment was conducted through on-site observation and questionnaire surveys to record children’s preferences for wood characteristics, such as the characteristic factors of wood texture, color and luster, touch, weight, smell, and overall preference. Descriptive statistics and analysis were performed using SPSS 25V, and the experimental results were analyzed and interpreted using fuzzy trigonometric functions. The findings reveal that Taiwan pine had the highest average worth score among the various evaluation characteristics in terms of wood surface performance preferences. Other types of wood also showed different favorability results in different characteristics. This study also analyzes the correlation and significant differences in favorability evaluation using fuzzy theory. This study provides insights that can be useful for toy designers and children’s teaching aid developers to purchase and match wooden toys effectively while promoting the efficient use of wood resources.

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Shah, Sajid Hussain, Shahzad Najeeb, Bibi Aalia, Mohammad Ali Raza, Khyal Muhammad, and Munir Ahmad Abbasi. "RISK FACTORS AND PARENTS’ ATTITUDE FOR CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH ASTHMA AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." Pakistan Journal of Physiology 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v18i2.1230.

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Background: Asthma is commonly prevalent disease in children. There has been increasing prevalence and incidence of asthma in children in last few decades. Risk factors and parent’s attitude towards therapy matters in management. The objective was to assess the risk factors and parents’ attitude for children presenting with asthma. Methods: This cross sectional study was done at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. History was taken about risk factors and associated myths. Duration of asthma, visits per year to clinic/hospital, tobacco smoke exposure, pets, fur toys, wood/coal burning, carpets in rooms, perfumes/powder use was documented. Parents’ attitude towards use of spacer and inhaler was documented with specific questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS-20 and p<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: There were 136 patients, 93 (68.4%) males and 43 (31.6%) females. Mean age was 7.3±3.13 years. Most (80.1%) patients were <10 years old. Patient visits per year ranged from 2 to 15 visits with mean of 5.97±3.02 visits per year. Intermittent asthma was seen in 8.8% and persistent asthma was seen in 66.9% patients. The most common risk factor was use of perfume in 48.5% and family history in 65.4% patients. Parents’ misconception towards inhaler use was noted in 38.2% patients. Younger children are at more risk of having asthma symptoms with exposure to wood/coal smoke and perfume powder exposure (p=0.04). Conclusion: Family history of asthma with perfume/powder exposure and wood/coal smoke exposure are major risk factors in children. Parents’ misconception is a hurdle to timely management. Pak J Physiol 2022;18(2):54–7

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Rava, Marta, Ciprian Crainicianu, Alessandro Marcon, Lucia Cazzoletti, Vanda Pironi, Caterina Silocchi, Paolo Ricci, and Roberto de Marco. "Proximity to wood industries and respiratory symptoms in children: A sensitivity analysis." Environment International 38, no. 1 (January 2012): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.07.011.

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Morris, Karen. "Wood-Burning Stoves and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in American Indian Children." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 144, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150250117047.

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Honicky, Richard E., J. Scott Osborne, and C. Amechi Akpom. "Symptoms of Respiratory Illness in Young Children and the Use of Wood-Burning Stoves for Indoor Heating." Pediatrics 75, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.3.587.

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The occurrence of symptoms of respiratory illness among preschool children living in homes heated by wood-burning stoves was examined by conducting an historical prospective study (n = 62) with an internal control group (matched for age, sex, and town of residence). Exposures of subjects were not significantly different (P > .05) with respect to parental smoking, ureaformaldehyde foam insulation, and use of humidifiers. The control group made significantly greater use of gas stoves for cooking whereas the study group made greater use of electric stoves for cooking and of air filters (P <.05). Only one home used a kerosene space heater. During the winter of 1982, moderate and severe symptoms in all categories were significantly greater for the study group compared with the control group (P < .001). These differences could not be accounted for by medical histories (eg, allergies, asthma), demographic or socioeconomic characteristics, or by exposure to sources of indoor air pollution other than wood-burning stoves. Present findings suggest that indoor heating with wood-burning stoves may be a significant etiologic factor in the occurrence of symptoms of respiratory illness in young children.

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Scharoun, Sara M., Pamela J. Bryden, Michael E. Cinelli, David A. Gonzalez, and Eric A. Roy. "Do Children Have the Same Capacity to Perceive Affordances as Adults? An Investigation of Tool Selection and Use." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 4, no. 1 (June 2016): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2015-0001.

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This study investigated whether 5- to 11-year-old children perceive affordances in the same way as adults (Mage = 22.93, SD = 2.16) when presented with a task and four tools (nail in a block of wood and a hammer, rock, wrench, and comb; bucket of sand and a shovel, wooden block, rake, and tweezers; and a screw in a block of wood and a screwdriver, knife, dime, and crayon). Participants were asked to select the best tool and act on an object until all four assigned tools had been selected. No explicit instructions were provided because we were interested in how task perception would influence tool selection and action. Results support the notion that the capacity to perceive affordances increases with age. Furthermore, differences in the way in which 5-year-olds acted on the screw in a block of wood demonstrated that the ability to detect some affordances takes longer to refine. Findings help to further the understanding of the development of perception-action coupling.

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White, Hilary. "On point." Early Years Educator 22, no. 9 (April 2, 2021): S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2021.22.9.s4.

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Try the following ideas for making sustainable wood or cork geoboards, and give your children the invaluable experience of creating their own eco-friendly resources using nails or pins, says Hilary White.

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Ramalho, Alanderson Alves, Saulo Augusto Silva Mantovani, Humberto Oliart-Guzmán, Fernando Luiz Cunha Castelo Branco, Athos Muniz Braña, Antonio Camargo Martins, Thasciany Moraes Pereira, et al. "Food insecurity in families with children under five years of age on the Brazil-Peru Amazon border." Journal of Human Growth and Development 26, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.122761.

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Food and nutrition security is the regular and permanent access to quality food in sufficient quantity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with food insecurity in households with children under five in the Amazon frontier Brazil - Peru. The study was conducted in 352 households in Assis Brasil (Brazil) and 89 households Iñapari (Peru), finding a prevalence of food insecurity of 40.6 % and 38.2 % , respectively ( p = 0.856 ) . In Assis Brasil, having domicile with wood floors or land increased by 2.47 times the odds of food insecurity compared to cement fl oors, ceramic or quarry tiles . Belonging to the poorest tertile increased the chance of food insecurity in 6.04 times ( p < 0.001 ), and the increment of each new resident increased by 37 % the chance of food insecurity in the household . In Iñapari, only living in house made of wood or with a wood floor was associated with food insecurity, showing that income is still the main factor associated with food insecurity in the Amazonian borders.

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Barraj, Leila M., Joyce S. Tsuji, and Carolyn G. Scrafford. "The SHEDS-Wood Model: Incorporation of Observational Data to Estimate Exposure to Arsenic for Children Playing on CCA-Treated Wood Structures." Environmental Health Perspectives 115, no. 5 (May 2007): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9741.

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Ridenour, Marcella V. "How Effective are Brakes on Infant Walkers?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3 (June 1997): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.1051.

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62 children, between the ages of 9 and 18 months old, were observed in an instrumented walker to measure the peak horizontal pull forces. These pull forces were later used to evaluate an infant walker with a braking system that would stop on the top step of the stairs before falling down the stairs. This brake system is activated when part of the walker crosses over the edge of the top step. Using the range of horizontal pull forces generated by the 62 children, the horizontal brake system for walkers would not always prevent the walker from falling down the stairs. Four floor surfaces were compared: carpet, vinyl, glossy wood, and unfinished wood. The walker brake system did not always stop the walkers on these floor surfaces. Using the measured weights and horizontal forces of the 21 nonwalking children between 9 and 13 months old who represent children who typically fall down the stairs in a walker, a simulation procedure was completed to represent the worst possible force condition, the peak horizontal force, for each of the 21 children. During this simulation, brakes would have failed all the time for 18 of the 21 children, and at least half the time for the remaining 3 children. These brake systems may provide false security to parents who use these walkers, since there are no published standards regarding the performance of brake systems for infant walkers as a safety device.

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Hands, Beth, Dawne Larkin, and Barry Sheridan. "Rasch Measurement Applied to Young Children." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 14, no. 1 (May 1997): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027619.

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ABSTRACTMost popular tests of motor proficiency have been developed using classical test theory. Recently, item response theory (IRT) has been used to address some of the difficulties inherent with these traditional psychometric approaches. This paper focuses on the application of IRT in the psychomotor domain where analyses involving both dichotomous (Cole, Wood, & Dunn, 1991; Werder & Bruininks, 1988) and polytomous criterion referenced measurements (Puderbaugh & Fisher, 1992) have met with equivocal results. The application of the method to quantitative data has to date proved challenging. An example reported here is based on outcome measures used in the development of a test of movement skills for children aged 5 and 6 years. The results appear very promising, but some caution is required in interpreting results.

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Shakkottai, Aarti, Krishnaveni Bupathi, Ankit P. Patel, Elizabeth Chalom, Suneetha Chamarthi, Thomas J. A. Lehman, Margaret G. E. Peterson, Sunanda Gaur, and Lakshmi N. Moorthy. "Children With Partial IgA Deficiency." Clinical Pediatrics 51, no. 1 (August 25, 2011): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922811417287.

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Literature is lacking on partial IgA deficiency. In this study, the authors propose to describe the clinical manifestations of patients with partial IgA deficiency. Methods. The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of 13 patients with partial IgA deficiency followed at the pediatric rheumatology clinic at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. They looked for the presence of rashes, joint pain, joint swelling, and morning stiffness. The authors also examined charts for a history of frequent infections, allergies, and the presence of elevated antinuclear antibody. Results. Eleven out of the 13 patients complained of joint pain, joint swelling, or morning stiffness. Six patients carried a diagnosis of a definitive rheumatic disease. Four patients suffered from frequent infections and 2 patients reported allergies. Conclusion. Partial IgA deficiency appears to be associated with rheumatic diseases and complaints of joint pain, joint swelling, and morning stiffness. A larger study is needed to confirm these results.

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Levy, Marilyne, Despina Moshous, Isabelle Szezepanski, Louise Galmiche, Martin Castelle, Fabrice Lesage, Laurent Dupic, et al. "Pulmonary hypertension after bone marrow transplantation in children." European Respiratory Journal 54, no. 5 (October 24, 2019): 1900612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00612-2019.

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IntroductionPulmonary hypertension is a rare but important cause of mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children. This complication is poorly characterised in the literature. We report here a series of children who developed pulmonary hypertension after HSCT.MethodsBetween January 2008 and December 2015, we retrospectively analysed 366 children who underwent HSCT (age range 0.5–252 months; median 20.3 months). During the post-HSCT course, echocardiography scans motivated by respiratory symptoms identified 31 patients with elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity (>2.8 m·s−1), confirmed when possible by right heart catheterisation (RHC).Results22 patients had confirmed pulmonary hypertension with mean±sd pulmonary arterial pressure 40.1±10 mmHg (range 28–62 mmHg) and pulmonary vascular resistance 17.3±9.2 Wood Units (range 8–42 Wood Units). Among the 13 responders at reactivity test, only one patient responded to calcium channel blockers. Seven patients (32%) died. 15 pulmonary hypertension patients were alive after a mean±sd follow-up of 6.5±2.3 years (range 2–10 years). All survivors could be weaned off pulmonary hypertension treatment after a median follow-up of 5 months (range 3–16). The delay between clinical symptoms and initiation of pulmonary hypertension therapy was significantly longer in patients who subsequently died (mean±sd 33.5±23 days; median 30 days) than in survivors (mean±sd 7±3 days) (p<0.001).ConclusionPulmonary hypertension is a severe complication of HSCT with an underestimated incidence and high mortality. Aggressive and timely up-front combination therapy allowed normalisation of pulmonary pressure and improved survival.

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Hanták, Jakub, and Danica Končeková. "The positive impact of wooden material on educational processes in the environment of Slovenian wooden kindergartens." Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alfa-2022-0017.

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Abstract Several scientific studies confirm that the colors, structures or materials used in the physical environment of interiors affect the human psyche. Wood, as a material applied in the interior spaces of buildings, is an attractor that, in addition to its static and structural properties with high environmental responsibility, also brings other benefits to users. It has a much greater impact on the society than we might think. The topic of applying sustainable materials and transforming them into newly-built, valuable and cultural architecture is currently also popular in connection with the new initiative the New European Bauhaus. The initiative has ambitions to use the existing national and international legislative frameworks, and to set sustainability rules with an interest in aesthetics and the involvement of communities in the creation of new living spaces. This paper aims to expand current scientific knowledge about the positive influence of wood material and its impact on educational processes in the architectural environment of kindergartens. Selected analyses and comparisons made it possible to assess whether the presence of wood material can positively affect the well-being of children in the physical environment of kindergartens. The article presents the results regarding children’s sensory perception, the feeling of safety, the feeling of a peaceful atmosphere. It aims to prove that interiors with exposed wood can improve the quality of teaching, can support social interaction and playful learning of children. The wood material is characterized in the presented author’s research as an interior, visible, massive material. Its design is authentic, with or without fine surface treatment, which does not degrade its visual-haptic-olfactory qualities. The study examines, analyzes and compares the architecture of kindergarten interiors in Slovenia. It interprets the results of practical research from the locations of Loče, Poljčane, Šoštanj, Polzela and Škofja Loka.

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Sidibe, Alimata, Yosuke Sakamoto, Kentaro Murano, Keiichi Sato, Akie Yuba, Mari Futami, Ousmane A. Koita, Ibrahim Traore, and Yoshizumi Kajii. "Chemical Characterization and Health Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter from Household Activities in Bamako, Mali, Western Sub-Saharan Africa." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 13, 2022): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081290.

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Household particulate matter (PM) is a major health concern, especially in developing regions, where biomass fuels are used quantitatively in households. Additionally, the combustion of incense (ICS) and insecticide (IST) is common. This study characterized the PM chemical composition to evaluate its health effects, as such information is lacking in developing regions, including Bamako, Mali. The composition of PM emitted from typical household activities, including cooking and combustion of ICS and IST, was characterized. These contained ions, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and metals. The results revealed that the chemical composition varied with emission source and combustion conditions. The dominant ions were Ca2+ (charcoal cooking), K+ (wood cooking) and F− (in ICS and IST). The OC/EC ratio for IST, ICS, wood, and charcoal cooking was 59, 30, 8, and 7, respectively. Moreover, US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) health risk assessment models indicated a higher hazard index (≤6.04) than the recommended limit (1) for nearly all emission sources. Total-CR was higher than the lower boundary limit (10−6) in adults and children. Wood cooking activity and ICS combustion exceeded the unacceptable limit (10−4) in children. Our findings highlight the need to develop effective air pollution mitigation strategies for health safety.

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JEYASEELAN, L., and M. LAKSHMAN. "RISK FACTORS FOR MALNUTRITION IN SOUTH INDIAN CHILDREN." Journal of Biosocial Science 29, no. 1 (January 1997): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193209700093x.

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Protein energy malnutrition is a major health problem in India and it affects the growth and development of young children. This study investigated the impact of hygiene, housing and sociodemographic variables on acute malnutrition in children aged 5–7, living in urban and rural areas. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the overall prevalence of severe malnutrition was 8·2%. Older age, male sex, mother's poor education, lower family income, higher birth order of the child, use of dung or fire wood as fuel and defecation within the premises were significantly associated with malnutrition. Appropriate intervention programmes should be formulated to educate and support these families.

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Syafar, Syafril. "ANALISIS STR ATEGI PEMASARAN KERAJINAN UKIR KAYU NANGKA UNTUK MEMASARKAN PRODUK DI PASAR DOMESTIK PADA UKIR KAYU RADHA." Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi 3, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jutin.v3i2.1349.

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In the era of development, industrial competition will be increasingly fierce, competition of the cosmetic market will provide opportunities and threats for local companies, carving art is one of Indonesia's traditional arts that holds various values. This research was conducted at Radha wood carving located at Gmp3 Mustamindo. The method used is a SWOT analysis, SWOT analysis is one method for describing conditions and evaluating a project problem or business concept based on internal factors (inside) and external factors (outside) Namely strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, Analysis used to compile the factors of the company's strategy, as a result of handicrafts, radha wood carving art is very influential on the supporting community both in interacting and communicating, because this craft takes the form of a variety of letters, names and so forth. wood crafts are also often viewed as home decorations and key chains that are unique and attract attention for teenagers and children. product excellence and good service to customers, so the opportunity creates customer loyalty to the product. Radha wood carvings also always try to make new design innovations so that customers remain interested and provide comfort to their customers. The obstacles facing the Radha wood carving are capital problems, scarcity of raw materials and competition from within the country.

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Miederhoff, Jennifer Wingo, and Judy W. Wood. "Adapting Test Construction for Mainstreamed Mathematics Students." Mathematics Teacher 81, no. 5 (May 1988): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.81.5.0388.

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Recognizing the need for making adaptations for special students in regular classes, Project Train at Virginia Commonwealth University has developed a model for adapting the curriculum for mildly handicapped children (Wood 1985). The model is generic to all academic subjects and grades K-12. This article focuses on adapting the construction of teacher made mathematics tests for mildly handicapped children, that is, the educable mentally retarded, the emotionally handicapped, and the learning disabled, in the mainstream.

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Jokihaara, J., T. K. P. Ranta, O. V. Leppänen, and C. Hellevuo. "Characteristics of hand injuries caused by powered wood splitters." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 42, no. 2 (September 28, 2016): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193416653282.

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Accidents with powered wood splitters cause a distinct group of hand injuries in which the injury spectrum ranges from a minor lesion to mutilating defects. We studied these injuries in order to assess the consequences and estimate the associated costs. A 2-year cohort of patients was retrospectively identified from medical records. The details of the injuries and the treatment were collected, and estimates of the resources used were based on hospital billing and the average costs of sick leave and disability. A total of 67 patients were identified and seven of those were children. Most patients sustained a major hand injury and an emergency microsurgical operation was indicated in 40% of patients. The total cost associated with the injuries was estimated at €3.33 million (£2.56 million, US$3.62 million). The treatment of this relatively small number of injuries demands substantial medical resources, and most of the costs are due to sick leave and disability. Level of evidence IV

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Mirza, Umair Tariq, Muhammad Luqman Ali Bahoo, and Kanwal Ijaz. "Load and configuration of ocular trauma in pediatric patients of a tertiary care hospital in Mirpur Azad Kashmir." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 2492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.11.4677.

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Objectives: In pediatric patients, ocular trauma is one of the most common causes of acquired blindness. This study aims to determine the epidemiology of ocular trauma in the pediatric age group, with its risk factors and consequences , visiting a Tertiary care Hospital in Mirpur Azad Kashmir. Study Design: Cross Sectional Observational study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology at Mohammadi Teaching Hospital, Mohiuddin Islamic Medical College, Mirpur Azad Kashmir. Period: June 2016 and April 2017. Material & Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in our hospital on children aged 0-10 years presenting with ocular trauma in Eye Out Patient Department. Detailed evaluation including Visual acuity, slit lamp examination and fundus assessment with 90D Lens was done. Various epidemiological parameters like age, sex distribution, place, nature, mode, object, time and type of injury along with visual acuity and treatment options were recorded. Results: Of total 40 patients most common age of presentation was 5 and 8 years. Males (72.5%) were more than females (27.5%). Out of total patients, 27 (67.5%) presented with closed globe injury as compared to open globe. Among the closed globe injury most common trauma was with wood followed by stick and fall. In cases of open globe injury, trauma with wood and scissor were common causes. Home was the most common place of injury (20 cases/ 50%), followed by park, road and school. Most frequent cause of admission and type of injury was corneal ulcer. Conclusion: Children susceptible to ocular trauma are commonly males at ages 5 and 8 years. They should not be left unsupervised even at home. Objects like wood, stick and scissors etc. should be out of reach of children. Immediate comprehensive primary management and secondary rehabilitation are mandatory in these cases.

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Saldarriaga, Alexandra, Diego Rojas-Gualdrón, Manuel Restrepo, Lourdes Santos-Pinto, and Fabiano Jeremias. "Dental fluorosis severity in children 8-12 years old and associated factors." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 34, no. 2 (September 2021): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.34/2/156.

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The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and the association between severity and risk factors. In a cross-sectional study, 8- to 12-year-old children, born in a Colombian district, were evaluated according to the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI) by two calibrated examiners. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries (DC) were also evaluated. Ordinal logistic regression was applied p<0.05). Risk factors and lifestyle factors were collected using a questionnaire answered by parents. DF was detected in 76 (98.7%) of the children (average of 18.4 ±1.81 permanent teeth affected). Grade TF2 was the most frequently observed (34.8%); TF5 was observed in all age groups; TF6- TF7 were observed in 12-year-olds. No association was found between DF severity and DC (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.35; 95%CI: 0.56-3.26) or MIH (OR=1.39; 95%CI: 0.43-4.46). DF severity was significantly associated with use of an indoor wood stove for food preparation (OR = 9.34; 95%CI: 1.11-78.57) and use of a pea-sized volume of toothpaste (OR = 27.42; 95%CI: 1.57-477.36). Prevalence of DC was 38.1% and prevalence of MIH was 14.4%. In this population, the frequency of DF was high and severity was associated with use of an indoor wood stove for food preparation and toothpaste amount used during childhood.

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Kelleher, Kelly J., and Mark L. Wolraich. "Diagnosing Psychosocial Problems." Pediatrics 97, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 899–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.97.6.899.

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In April 1996, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Task Force on Mental Health Coding for Children completed 4 years of work on the development of a classification system for children's mental health appropriate for primary care clinicians with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Primary Care—Child Version (DSM-PC). This work represents a multidisciplinary effort spearheaded by the AAP and supported by grants from the Bureau of Maternal and Child Health, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Friends of Children Fund to create a more prevention-oriented, developmentally based system for classifying psychosocial diagnoses of children and adolescents in primary care with mental health symptoms.

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Sabrina, Adani Nur. "FIGURES OF SPEECH IN THE SLEEPING BEAUTY IN THE WOOD." Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (July 24, 2023): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/jushpen.v2i2.804.

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The readers of literary works are not limited by age and background. Not only grown-up adults, but children also have their own literature texts. This research discussed the figures of speech in one of the children’s literature, namely a fairy tale. The purposes of this research are to find the figures of speech in the tale, classify them into categories, and analyze their implementation in the story. Since the data and analysis of this research are in the form of words, this research used a qualitative method. The source of the data is a famous fairy tale by Charles Perrault entitled The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood. The results show there are thirty-one figures of speech that cover two metaphors, three similes, four synecdoches, eleven personifications, eight hyperboles, two meiosis or understatements, and one paradox.

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Hansen, Patricia, and Frank Ainsworth. "Report of the Special Commission of Inquiry into Child Protection Services in New South Wales (the Wood Report): A review and commentary." Children Australia 34, no. 2 (2009): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200000602.

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The Wood Report is the product of a Special Commission of Inquiry into Child Protection Services in NSW that was set up in June 2006 and reported in November 2008. In March 2009, the NSW Government published a response to the report, ‘Keep them safe: A shared approach to child wellbeing’. The NSW Parliament in April 2009 also passed the Children Legislation Amendment (Wood Inquiry Recommendations) Act 2009 with little debate. This legislation has introduced many of Justice Wood's recommendations and has enacted other changes that were not included in the Commission of Inquiry report. While many of the amendments are welcome, there is cause for concern about the likely consequences of some of the new provisions.

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Bamwesigye, Dastan, Petr Kupec, Georges Chekuimo, Jindrich Pavlis, Obed Asamoah, Samuel Antwi Darkwah, and Petra Hlaváčková. "Charcoal and Wood Biomass Utilization in Uganda: The Socioeconomic and Environmental Dynamics and Implications." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 8337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208337.

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Charcoal and firewood fuel biomass utilization is thought to be the main cause of deforestation in Uganda. Moreover, the practice of utilizing charcoal and wood fuel in Uganda is said to impact the health of many women and children in the region. The goal of this study was to comprehensively analyze charcoal and wood fuel utilization processes in Uganda and sub-Saharan Africa and the environmental and socioeconomic dynamics and implications. The study equally intended to model out some possible improvements to wood fuel use while conserving natural forests. Both qualitative and qualitative approaches were used to study the charcoal and wood fuel energy situation in Uganda. The study collected field data (sample size: 199) which was subjected to descriptive analysis. The findings show that over 90% of households in Uganda and the sub- Saharan region use firewood and charcoal wood fuel, and that this fuel use creates social and environmental hazards. Our findings are also in agreement with numerous empirical studies showing that firewood and charcoal biomass are among the major causes of deforestation in Uganda and the sub-Saharan region. Ceteris paribus, we propose the adoption of Improved Eco-Stoves (ICE), which not only enable comprehensive combustion but also lessen the quantity of firewood used by more than 60%, together with policy decisions on the government of Uganda, given peoples willingness to take on alternative energy sources such as gas and electricity.

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Lim, Heesun, Chang-Deuk Eom, and Byeong-il Ahn. "Estimation of the Values of Wooden Materials in Urban Regeneration: The Case of Seoullo in Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 9810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179810.

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The importance of wooden buildings has been highlighted in recent years due to the energy-efficient and carbon storage effect of wood. This study investigates the willingness to pay for one-time tax payments of the citizens currently living in Seoul when Seoullo uses wood as a material for covering the surface of the facilities. The study examines the economic feasibility of Seoullo, which is a part of the government urban regeneration project that built a park on the desolate bridge in 2017. The result indicates that Seoul citizens who participated in the survey feel a greater preference for wood material rather than existing concrete used in Seoullo despite the tax burden. As a result, it is found that the respondents with children under the age of 8, respondents who are aware of the urban regeneration project, and respondents with respiratory disease have a lower marginal willingness to pay than those in the opposite groups. Moreover, the result shows that the respondents who consider farming or returning to rural areas, respondents in need of city improvement, respondents who chose wood as a preferred building material, and respondents with the experience of visiting Seoullo have a greater marginal willingness to pay for the wooden material than those in the opposite groups.

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Chedid, Khalil, Michael Hayashi, Peter DeJonge, Olivia Yancey, Elliane Siebert, Amy Getz, Joseph Eisenberg, Andrew Hashikawa, and Emily Martin. "Antimicrobial Bacteria and Viruses Detected Through Systematic Sampling in the Childcare Environment." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1134.

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Background: Approximately two-thirds of children aged <5 years receive out-of-home child care. Childcare attendees have an increased risk of infections compared to children not in childcare settings, possibly due to their close contact in a shared environment. As multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) increasingly move from healthcare-associated to community settings, childcare can provide a venue for further transmission of these pathogens. Our objective was to evaluate the bioburden of pathogens present on fomites in childcare centers and how surface contamination changes over time. Methods: The study was conducted in the single-room play area of an Ypsilanti, Michigan, childcare center caring for children aged 3–5 years. Polyester swabs were used to collect surface samples from 16 locations in the room, including (1) laminate, wood and plastic tabletops and furniture; (2) a stainless steel sink and adjacent plastic trash bin; and (3) wood, metal and plastic toys. A water sample was also collected at a 17th site. Samples were collected twice weekly for 5 of 6 weeks, followed by 1 additional collection (September–October 2019). Tryptic soy agar was used for standard plate counts and selective media were used to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vvancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Enterobacteriaceae. Single-plex RT-PCR was used to detect norovirus and adenovirus. Results: Among 175 samples collected on 11 days, MRSA and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected from 10.3% (18 of 175) and 8.0% (14 of 175), respectively, of environmental specimens. No specimens were positive for VRE or norovirus. Adenovirus was detected in 20 of 175 specimens (11.4%). Median bioburden by site ranged from 85 CFU/mL to 2,510 CFU/mL. The highest median bioburden was observed at the sink (2,510 CFU/mL), followed by the plastic building block table (1,620 CFU/mL), the small wood blocks (1,565 CFU/mL) and water from a water play area and an adjacent tabletop (1,260 and 1,100 CFU/mL respectively). The highest single day bioburden was 273,000 CFU/mL at the sink. Conclusion: The presence of MDROs on childcare center fomites raised concern for exposure to these pathogens among vulnerable populations. More study is needed to determine the degree to which these contaminated fomites drive transmission between children. We found the highest bioburdens on sites where children played or washed with water, identifying potential targets for more frequent cleaning.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Emily T. Martin reports a consulting from Pfizer.

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Tamthintha, Pornchai, Kusuma Palaprom, and Kritchakhis Nawattanaprasert. "A study on perceptions of preschool Children’s furniture design: Pictorial stimuli experiment." MATEC Web of Conferences 204 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820401003.

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The preschool center there is a place for educational topreschool children before they begin compulsory education at primary school. The different of the preschool children’s furniture will affect the different perceptions of preferences and behaviors of children in the classroom. The furniture that relating the satisfaction of children. It will become the part of stimulus that attracts and motivates children and also an appropriate physical elements to encourage a learning environment. The research found that the different elements of design on the preschool children’s furniture affect the perceptions of children they prefer the follow: warm colors on children’s desk and chair while cool colors on bookshelves, and non-pattern, natural (animal) form and natural (wood) material on children’s desk, children’s chair and bookshelves.The study results can help designers in their selection of elements of design on the preschool children’s furniture, specially for classroom in the preschool center.

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Gress, J., L. M. de Oliveira, E. B. da Silva, J. M. Lessl, P. C. Wilson, T. Townsend, and L. Q. Ma. "Cleaning-induced arsenic mobilization and chromium oxidation from CCA-wood deck: Potential risk to children." Environment International 82 (September 2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.012.

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Takahashi, Karine, Mariali Muniz Sassi, Mariana Meira França, Heitor Ceolin Araujo, Sérgio Vilhegas, and Cintia Medid Barbieri. "Prevalence and consequences of molar incisor hypomineralization in a São Paulo state public school." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 11 (September 3, 2022): e445111133488. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33488.

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Objective: This work aims to determine prevalence and consequences of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in the city of Ouro Verde – SP. Methodology: 457 children, students from the municipal school EMEF Julia Roseira Jerônimo were examined, aging from 7 to 11 years old. Clinical examinations for the diagnosis were performed by a single trained and calibrated examiner using the criteria proposed by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD, 2009) using natural light and wood spathulas. Result: The index found in the city was 15% of students (79 affected children) and only one case with sensitivity. Conclusion: prevalence was significative, although symptoms related were rare.

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Gizaw, Zemichael, Alemayehu Worku Yalew, Bikes Destaw Bitew, Jiyoung Lee, and Michael Bisesi. "Effects of local handwashing agents on microbial contamination of the hands in a rural setting in Northwest Ethiopia: a cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e056411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056411.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of handwashing with water and wood ash in reducing faecal contamination of the hands.DesignA cluster randomised controlled trial was employed with two arms: handwashing with water and wood ash versus handwashing with water alone.SettingRural households of East Dembiya District, Central Gondar Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.Participants440 mothers and caregivers of children younger than 5 years assigned (1:1, 220 in each group) in clusters, with buffer zones between each cluster.InterventionHealth education on effective handwashing was given to the intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group used wood ash of the same quantity (ie, one closed palm).Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was microbial contamination of the hands, measured by means of Escherichia coli counts before and after handwashing.ResultsAt baseline, 75.9% and 67.7% of the participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively, had dirt on their fingernails, and the hands of all participants in both groups were contaminated with E. coli. The mean E. coli counts recovered at baseline were 3.07 log10 colony forming unit (CFU)/swab in the intervention group and 3.03 log10 CFU/swab in the control group, while at endline it was 1.4 log10 CFU/swab in the intervention group and 3.02 log10 CFU/swab in the control group. The mean E.coli counts was reduced by 1.65 log10 due to the intervention (difference-in-differences: β= −1.65, 95% CI= −1.84 to –1.46).ConclusionTwo-thirds of the swab samples tested positive for E. coli after handwashing with water and wood ash, which indicates wood ash is not very effective in terms of completely removing micro-organisms on the hands. However, wood ash was significantly better than water alone in reducing the concentration of faecal coliform organisms on the hands. Local health authorities should primarily promote handwashing with soap. However, in the absence of soap, use of wood ash over water alone might be appropriate.Trial registration numberPACTR202011855730652.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Children in the wood'

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