Journal articles: 'Children and the environment – Philippines'

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Princess Zarla J. Raguindin, Princess Zarla J., Zhanina U. Custodio, and Ferdinand Bulusan. "Engaging, Affirming, Nurturing Inclusive Environment: A Grounded Theory Study in the Philippine Context." IAFOR Journal of Education 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ije.9.1.07.

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Implementing the tenets of inclusive education in different countries may be diverse because of varying interpretations, contexts, and ways of application. In the Philippines, studies that delve into the kind of environment involving Filipino children with special needs are scarce. Thus, through a grounded theory approach, this qualitative paper aims at developing a framework as a means of understanding inclusive environments thriving in an inclusive Philippine setting. Thirty-two special education teachers from three private schools were interviewed, the data being triangulated through class observations. The emerging theory encapsulated three major dimensions to understand concepts of inclusive environment: engaging environment, affirming environment, and nurturing environment. An engaging environment points to having high-standard learning outcomes, promoting collaboration and communication among learners, teachers, and parents, and involving them in decision-making. An affirming environment, on the other hand, denotes practicing expressive and receptive languages, imbibing the sacred worth of class members, and celebrating diversity. Finally, a nurturing environment can be achieved through interdependence and care for the needs of everyone. These dimensions are inter-related and are not standalone. This paper advances that success in the diversified Philippine inclusive classroom context can be achieved through the interdependence of school community members. The question of the significance of the inclusive practices and principles should not be the primary concern of a particular context. Rather, involvement and interdependence to achieve an engaging, affirming, and nurturing environment matter. Ramifications to micro and macro integration of inclusion that support inclusive environments are also discussed.

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Berse, Kristoffer. "Climate change from the lens of Malolos children: perception, impact and adaptation." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 26, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-10-2016-0214.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to understand how Filipino children perceive climate change; second, to determine how children themselves adapt to its impacts; and third, to identify the level of support available at the household, community, and city levels as children adjust to their changing environment. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study was conducted in three peri-urban communities in Malolos, Philippines, looking at the perception and adaptation mechanisms of children in the face of climate change, using Lazarus and Folkman’s typology for children’s coping strategies in stressful situations. The support that children receive at the household, community, and city levels was also examined. Findings Climate change has impacted the daily lives of children, aggravating in particular the “everyday” and “invisible” risks of those who belong to poor households. In general, emotion-focused coping that hinges on denial or distancing did not seem to be prominent among children; many of them were rather pre-disposed to problem-focused coping as they try to cope with the impacts of climate change in their immediate environment. Unfortunately, however, interventions to mitigate the impacts of climate change on children at the household, community, and city levels were found to be lacking. Research limitations/implications The selected communities do not represent the wide spectrum of localities in the Philippines. At best, findings from the small sample size provide only a snapshot of the conditions of children living in peri-urban areas. Practical implications The study points to the need for child-sensitive climate change adaptation at the household, community, and city levels to support the coping mechanisms of children. Originality/value The study adopts a multi-level approach at understanding the impacts of climate change on Filipino children and the interventions that they and other social institutions have undertaken in response thereto. Findings add empirical evidence to growing literature on the subject, especially in the context of the Philippines where academic studies on the matter remain scant.

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Castro, Charita L., Sarah Gormly, and Amy R. Ritualo. "The SIMPOC Philippine Survey of Children 2001: A Data Source for Analyzing Occupational Injuries to Children." Public Health Reports 120, no. 6 (November 2005): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000611.

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Child labor is a global issue that exists in both industrialized and developing countries. With the unanimous adoption of International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 182 in 1999 calling for the immediate elimination of the worst forms of child labor, ratifying member countries have committed themselves to identifying hazardous work for children in the context of their respective legislative frameworks. Part of tackling the problem of child labor is knowing what types of occupational activities children are engaged in, what types of work environments they are under, and what risks of injuries and illnesses they are exposed to while working. Using the Philippines as a country example, this study introduces a promising data source on children's work and presents a methodology for examining hazardous work to children through the examination of injury rates. Data for this study rely primarily on a nationally representative dataset from the Survey of Children 2001 carried out by the Philippine National Statistics Office, covering the months of October 2001 to September 2002.

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B. Dimaano, Gretchen, Domingo C. Edaño, and Elizabeth N. Farin. "CHALLENGES OF PARENTS IN THE MODULAR LEARNING OF THEIR CHILDREN IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN ZAMBALES, PHILIPPINES." International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science 05, no. 03 (2022): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54922/ijehss.2022.0401.

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When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the Philippines, a lot of changes happened. It affected the economic status of our country, changed the way we live, and transformed the traditional teachinglearning process into the emergent "New Normal". The researcher used descriptive research, devoted to the gathering of information about prevailing conditions or situations for the purpose of description and interpretation. There is significant difference on their respondents’ perceptions when grouped according to civil status towards, Pedagogical, Economic and Financial, and Learning Environment Demands respectively; significant on highest educational attainment towards Time, Pedagogical, Economic and Financial, and Learning Environment Demands respectively; and significant on number of children towards Time, Economic and Financial, and Learning Environment Demands respectively. There is significant difference on the challenges the respondents experienced in Time Demand, Pedagogical Demand, Economic and Financial Demand, and Learning Environment demand respectively as experienced by parents in modular learning. There is no significant relationship between the challenges experienced by parents in modular learning and the level of academic performance of the children. The result of the study shows that the teachers experienced sometimes a challenge on time, pedagogical, economic, and financial demands. Teachers are encouraged to continue all-possible means of communication with the parents. The barangay or municipal government may provide soft loan program for the purchase of technological gadget for more advance education and learning to the families who cannot afford to buy. The local government is encouraged to provide accessible free and fast internet connection specially in remote areas. Parents are encouraged to provide a working space for their children for a more conducive learning environment.

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Oxman-Martinez, Jacqueline, and Ye Ri Choi. "Newcomer Children: Experiences of Inclusion and Exclusion, and Their Outcomes." Social Inclusion 2, no. 4 (November 27, 2014): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v2i4.133.

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This article explores the potential inclusion and exclusion factors affecting the developmental outcomes of immigrant children, and examines the influence of inclusive school environment, social/psychological isolation, and perceived discrimination by peers and teachers on the psychosocial and academic adjustment of immigrant children. Our study is based on a subset of data from the New Canadian Children and Youth Study (NCCYS), a national longitudinal survey including 515 foreign-born immigrant children (11 to 13 years) from three ethnic groups (Mainland China, Hong Kong, the Philippines) living in the Montreal and Toronto metropolitan areas, Canada. The results show that after controlling for socio-demographic background variables, teachers’ discriminatory attitudes and psychological isolation contribute to the prediction of risk for immigrant children’s self-esteem, social competence, and academic performance. Inclusive school environment has a significant effect on social competence and academic performance of immigrant children. Peer discrimination is also associated with self-esteem and social competence. These findings suggest that inclusive school environment, social/psychological isolation, and discrimination are critical factors affecting the developmental outcomes of immigrant children that, in turn, are connected to future prospects for their eventual inclusion and participation in other social, economic, and political venues of the host country.

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Njord, Levi, Ray M. Merrill, Rebecca Njord, Ryan Lindsay, and Jeanette D. R. Pachano. "Drug Use Among Street Children and Non—Street Children in the Philippines." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 22, no. 2 (April 2010): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539510361515.

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Sulistyorini, Lilis, Chung-Yi Li, Leka Lutpiatina, Ricko Dharmadi Utama, and Nurlailah. "Gendered Impact of Age, Toilet Facilities, and Cooking Fuels on the Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Toddlers in Indonesia and the Philippines." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 14582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114582.

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Introduction: The purpose of the study was to analyze the risk factors of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under five in Indonesia and the Philippines and to implement a primary review of the characteristics of toddlers and their households in both countries. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2017 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of Indonesia and the Philippines. The characteristics of children, mothers, and households were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to examine the significant correlations between variables. Results: The percentage of children under five with ARI symptoms in 2017 was 1.51% in the Philippines and 4.22% in Indonesia. In Indonesia, males aged under one year had significantly lower occurrences of ARI symptoms (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36–0.82). In the Philippines, dirty cooking fuels had a significant effect on increasing the likelihood of ARI in female toddlers (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.02–15.83). In the Philippines, the unavailability of toilet facilities had a significant effect on increasing the likelihood of ARI in male toddlers (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.15–6.16). Conclusion: The comparison of risk factors between male and female toddlers revealed different results in some variables, as follows: children aged under one year, dirty cooking fuels, and unavailable toilet facilities. The role of parents is fundamental in taking care of female toddlers, since they are more exposed to ARI at the age of under one year and are more prone to indoor air pollution from solid cooking fuels.

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Leuterio, Herlan P. "Telecommuting and Job Satisfaction: A Gaze to the Filipino Working Life in Era of Turbulence." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 10673–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.10673ecst.

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The study examined the job satisfaction of Philippine employees in the factors of the Work-from-Home arrangement in both public and private sector. A combination of convenience and random sampling was employed in identifying the sample. Analysis of the data revealed that the survey with 587 Philippine employees show that the work-from-home setup in the Philippines is satisfactory. The factors of “Reduced Commuting Time and Expenses,” “Increased Family and Leisure Time,” and “Flexibility and Freedom in Working Hours” are the most satisfying WFH factors that employees are getting from their organizations. Meanwhile, “Internet Connection and Equipment,” “Workload and Pressure,” “Less Stress from the Environment,” and “Social Connection” are the least satisfying. In terms of demographics, region, age, civil status, and number of children shows significant differences in majority of the WFH factors. The highest satisfaction comes from the employees in Visayas in terms of island group, public sector in terms of job sector, 50 and above in terms of age, male in terms of sex, married employees in terms of civil status, 3 to 4 children in terms of number of children, and those who telework often in terms of WFH frequency. With regards to the relationship between job satisfaction in the WFH factors and commitment to continue to work from home, the results showed that the relationship is significant and very strong. Lastly, the relationship between job satisfaction in the overall working condition and commitment to continue to work from home is also significant and very strong.

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Ashizawa, Kumi, Chiyoko Kumakura, and Ayano Kusumoto. "Growth of Philippine Children in Reference to Socioeconomic Environment." Anthropological Science 106, no. 2 (1998): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.106.77.

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Kahambing, Jan Gresil S. "Tropical Cyclones and Children During a Pandemic in the Philippines." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 32, no. 8 (October 7, 2020): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539520964277.

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Morilla, Ralf Benjo Goder, Kathleen Laum Cabanlit, Angel Mae Frias Luga, Chin-Chin Jimenea Demayo, Jamerah Baniaga Sidic, and Cesar Guinanao Demayo. "Assessing six decades of rabies in the Philippines." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i1.21956.

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<p>Despite initiatives to address the disease, rabies remains a public health threat in the Philippines. To determine the trend of rabies infections in the country and provide possible interventions to reduce or eliminate deaths of the affected, we evaluated rabies morbidity and mortality statistics over sixty years. Over the last six decades, rabies mortality rates in the Philippines have steadily decreased. The Philippines' rabies sex-specific mortality rate trend from 1960 to 2019 showed that males account for higher rabies mortality than females. People aged 70 and up have the highest mortality rate, while children under the age of 1 have the lowest. The region with the highest mortality rate in the Philippines is region II (Cagayan Valley), with 39.5. The region with the highest morbidity rate is XI (Davao region), with 148.7. The correlation value was 0.197, indicating a weak correlation between regional morbidity and mortality rates in the Philippines over the years. Hence, those who have contracted rabies are less likely to die over time. Comprehensive control measures by both the national and local government units should be strengthened to eliminate rabies in the Philippines within the next few years.</p>

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Riddell, Travis. "Elevated blood-lead levels among children living in the rural Philippines." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 09 (September 1, 2007): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.06.036137.

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Arbiol, Jennifer M., Angelie V. Cabajes, Maria Lila Y. Chaonui, and Pearl Ann M. Mancao. "The Psychomotor and Cognitive Competencies of Filipino Children Ages 1-4: A Multiple Case Study." International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 12, no. 4 (August 30, 2020): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.12.4.2.

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This multiple case study explored on the psychomotor and cognitive competencies of four Filipino children, ages one to four who came from different demographic background. This also determined other prominent psychomotor and cognitive competencies of these children not indicated in the NELC development standards (ECCD Council, 2015) and described relevant issues and concerns that impact their psychomotor and cognitive development using a researcher-developed early childhood development checklist and an interview guide for the children’s parents/guardians. The study was able to describe the psychomotor and cognitive competencies of four Filipino children based on the NELC development standards. There were specific psychomotor and cognitive competencies that were identified but not defined in the NELC standards, but they were recognized distinct to a child’s social context. Relevant environmental stimulations, especially, from primary caregivers were recognized as important determinants of children’s psychomotor and cognitive development. Furthermore, findings of the study conform to principles on child development and learning – that development proceeds at varying rates for each child and reflects children’s experiences and their environment. This implies that when planning programs and early learning experiences for children, individual and age appropriateness should be considered, and the child is understood as part of his/her environment. Further researches may explore other domains of development and other socio-cultural perspectives of development utilizing quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, which could involve bigger groups of children in different regions of the Philippines.

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Newall, John P., Norberto Martinez, De Wet Swanepoel, and Catherine M. McMahon. "A National Survey of Hearing Loss in the Philippines." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 32, no. 5 (July 2020): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539520937086.

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This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss in the Philippines using a nationally representative sample. A cross-sectional national survey was undertaken utilizing a 3-stage stratified cluster design. Participants in the present study comprised 2275 adults and children with pure tone hearing assessment results. Prevalence of moderate or worse hearing loss, defined as 4FA ≥41 dBHL, was 7.5% in children <18 years, 14.7% in adults between 18 and 65 years, and 49.1% in adults >65 years. Factors associated with greater risk of moderate hearing loss in the better ear were presence of a middle ear condition (adjusted odds ratio = 2.39, 95% confidence interval = 1.49-3.85) and socioeconomic status (household income; adjusted odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.23-2.19). Age was also associated with increased risk, with adjusted odds ratios varying with age category. Prevalence of wax occlusion and outer and middle ear disease was 12.2% and 14.2%, respectively. Prevalence of hearing loss, outer, and middle ear disease appear comparatively high in the Philippines when compared with rates reported in high-income countries. Higher proportions of severe to profound hearing loss were also identified, indicating that there is both an increased prevalence and severity of hearing loss in this population.

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Minta, Anna A., Maria Wilda T. Silva, Achyut Shrestha, Maricel de Quiroz-Castro, Rania A. Tohme, Mario E. Quimson, Mario Antonio Jiz, and Joseph Woodring. "Hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence among children in the Philippines, 2018." Vaccine 39, no. 14 (April 2021): 1982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.042.

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Cahapay, Michael B. "Attitudes toward Mother Tongue and Academic Performance: Evidence from Monolingual Context in the Southern Philippines." International Journal of Language Teaching and Education 4, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ijolte.v4i1.9174.

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The influence of language attitude on the academic achievement of young children in the monolingual context has not been explored. Thus, this research ascertained the degree of relationship between attitudes toward the mother tongue and the academic performance of the learners. It entailed correlation research design. The respondents were 20 Grade II pupils in a rural public school considered as monolingual in the southern Philippines. The data gathered were treated using frequency distribution, weighted mean, percentage rate, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. It was found out that there is a significant relationship between attitudes toward the mother tongue and the academic performance of learners. Amid the vast body of diverse researches in the area of language education, the present study weaves pieces of evidence that attitudes of learners toward mother tongue are associated with their academic performance in the context of a monolingual environment. It is suggested that such a conclusion should be further tested in other contexts.

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Redi, Anak Agung Ngurah Perwira, Roland Ross Faina Flame, Anak Agung Ngurah Agung Redioka, Winarno Winarno, and Adji Chandra Kurniawan. "Maximum covering location problem to select facility location for operation timbang in the City of Iloilo, Philippines." Jurnal Sistem dan Manajemen Industri 6, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/jsmi.v6i2.4599.

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Operation Timbang (OPT) Plus is one of the Philippines’ programs that focuses on nutrition by conducting an annual assessment for 0-59 months old children in barangays to identify the malnutrition data in the area. The barangay is the smallest administrative entity in the Philippines. OPT is a plan of action that estimates the number of malnutrition individuals and identifies those who will get prioritized programs in the community. The Iloilo City Health Office conducted the program in seven districts in the Philippines. The office planned to establish a community centre and playground facility based on the priority/demand areas. Maximum Covering Location Problem (MCLP) is used for this study to determine the optimal location that covers the area. A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) is used to apply mathematical programming to the MCLP. The results can be used to identify the optimal facility and the maximum coverage of the demand points. The experiment showed that the facility located in Mandurriao District is the optimal facility location. For Underweight/Severely Underweight children, a maximum total of 646 are covered, and for the Overweight/Obese, 1,041 are covered for the chosen facility. In addition, the findings of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the building of the three facilities in the case study can offer 100 percent of the required coverage area.

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Magnani, Robert J., Nancy B. Mock, William E. Bertrand, and Daniel C. Clay. "Breast-feeding, water and sanitation, and childhood malnutrition in the Philippines." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 2 (April 1993): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020496.

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SummaryThis study examines effects and interactions of socioeconomic status, access to water supply and sanitation, and breast-feeding practices in relation to child growth in two provincial cities in the Philippines. Multivariate analysis identified food expenditure per head, education of the household head and gender of the child as significant predictors of nutritional status. The duration of partial and full breast-feeding was negatively (though non-significantly) associated with growth. Sanitation facilities and breast-feeding are, however, important determinants during the first year of life. Among children over 1 year of age, socioeconomic variables and gender are the most important predictors. Breast-feeding is shown to provide more important health benefits for children in lower income households. The need for further studies on the causes of gender differences in nutritional status was apparent.

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Dofitas, Belen Lardizabal, Sherjan P. Kalim, Camille B. Toledo, and Jan Hendrik Richardus. "Yaws in the Philippines: A clinico-seroprevalence study of selected communities in Mindanao." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): e0010447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010447.

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Background Yaws is a chronic, highly contagious skin and bone infection affecting children living in impoverished, remote communities. It is caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue. We report the prevalence of active yaws among elementary schoolchildren based on clinical and serological criteria in selected municipalities of Southern Philippines. Methods From January to March 2017, exploratory cross-sectional surveys and screening of skin diseases were conducted in the Liguasan Marsh area of the provinces Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, and Cotabato. We included 9 municipalities and randomly selected one public elementary school per municipality. Members of students’ households and the communities were also examined and treated. Yaws suspects and contacts had blood tests for treponemal and non-treponemal antibodies using Dual Pathway Platform and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) tests. Results A total of 2779 children and adults were screened for any skin disease: 2291 students, 393 household members, and 95 community members. Among 210 yaws suspects and contacts, 150 consented to serologic tests. The estimated prevalence of active yaws among schoolchildren screened was 1 out of 2291 (0.04%). Among 2532 children who were 14 years old and younger, 4 (0.2%) had active yaws. Eight adult household contacts and community members had latent yaws and 2 had past yaws. Five out of 9 municipalities were endemic for yaws. Conclusions This study confirmed that the Philippines is endemic for yaws but at a low level in the schools surveyed. This is an under-estimation due to the limited sampling. The lack of proper disease surveillance after the eradication campaign in the 1960’s has made yaws a forgotten disease and has led to its resurgence. Yaws surveillance is needed to determine the extent of yaws in the Philippines and to help develop a strategy to eradicate yaws by 2030.

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Blijham, Nienke, Lieke De Kan, and Anke Niehof. "Determinants and adequacy of food consumption of children in La Trinidad, the Philippines." International Journal of Consumer Studies 31, no. 3 (May 2007): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2006.00501.x.

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Viajar, Rowena V., Julieta B. Dorado, Glenda P. Azaña, Heidenhein A. Ibarra, Eldridge B. Ferrer, and Mario V. Capanzana. "Process Evaluation of Nutrition Intervention Strategy in a Local Philippine Setting." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272091540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720915407.

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Aims: Undernutrition among 0 to 5 years old children remains a public health problem in the Philippines. This process evaluation study documented and examined the implementation of an intervention strategy for young children. Methods: Complementary feeding of 6-month to 2-year-old children was implemented for 120 days by the municipalities of Plaridel and Pulilan in Bulacan, Philippines utilizing local-based food made of rice and mung bean along with nutrition education classes among mothers/caregivers using the developed nutrition modules. A total of 121 mother-/caregiver-child pairs were the program participants of the intervention. Pre-post design were used in the analysis of quantitative data. Qualitative data were encoded verbatim manually using emerging themes. Key informant interviews among community workers and municipal officials and focus group discussions among mothers/caregivers and community workers were conducted to gather the needed data. Results: The municipalities adhered to the program phases of planning, organizing, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. At end-line, the weight of children participants increased in both municipalities and the mean nutrition knowledge scores of mothers/caregivers increased significantly ( P < .05). Conclusions: This process evaluation confirmed that the proposed nutrition intervention strategy for young children can be implemented at the local level. The strong support and active cooperation of the local program implementers and mothers/caregivers and adherence to program requirements were the key factors in the efficient implementation of the intervention. For sustainability, the passing of local ordinance for the adoption of intervention and budget support for implementation of the intervention is recommended.

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Malolos, Grace Zurielle C., Maria Beatriz C. Baron, Faith Ann J. Apat, Hannah Andrea A. Sagsagat, Pamela Bianca M. Pasco, Emma Teresa Carmela L. Aportadera, Roland Joseph D. Tan, Angelica Joyce Gacutno-Evardone, and Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III. "Mental health and well-being of children in the Philippine setting during the COVID-19 pandemic." Health Promotion Perspectives 11, no. 3 (August 18, 2021): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.34.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has subjected the mental health and wellbeing of Filipino children under drastic conditions. While children are more vulnerable to these detriments, there remains the absence of unified and comprehensive strategies in mitigating the deterioration of the mental health of Filipino children. Existing interventions focus on more general solutions that fail to acknowledge the circumstances that a Filipino child is subjected under. Moreover, these strategies also fail to address the multilayered issues faced by a lower middle-income country, such as the Philippines. As the mental well-being of Filipino children continues to be neglected, a subsequent and enduring mental health epidemic can only be expected for years to come.

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Aligato, Mila F., Vivienne Endoma, Jonas Wachinger, Jhoys Landicho-Guevarra, Thea Andrea Bravo, Jerric Rhazel Guevarra, Jeniffer Landicho, Shannon A. McMahon, and Mark Donald C. Reñosa. "‘Unfocused groups’: lessons learnt amid remote focus groups in the Philippines." Family Medicine and Community Health 9, Suppl 1 (August 2021): e001098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2021-001098.

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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has required tremendous shifts in data collection techniques. While an emerging body of research has described experiences conducting remote interviews, less attention has been paid to focus group discussions (FGDs). Herein, we present experiences conducting remote FGDs (n=9) with healthcare workers and caretakers of small children in the Philippines. We used ‘Facebook Messenger Room’ (FBMR), the preferred platform of participants. Despite some success, we generally encountered considerable challenges in terms of recruiting, retaining and moderating remote FGDs, particularly among caretakers of small children. Finding a quiet, private place proved unfeasible for many participants, who were juggling family demands in tight, locked down quarters. Connectivity issues and technological missteps compromised the flow of FGDs and minimised the ability to share and compare opinions. For the research team, remote FGDs resulted in a dramatic role shift for notetakers—from being passive observers to active tech supporters, chatbox referees and co-moderators (when audio disruptions occurred). Finally, we note that remote FGDs via FBMR are associated with ethical complexities, particularly as participants often chose to use their personal Facebook accounts, which can compromise anonymity. We developed and continuously refined strategies to mitigate challenges, but ultimately decided to forgo FGDs. We urge fellow researchers with more successful experiences to guide the field in terms of capturing high-quality data that respond to research questions, while also contending with privacy concerns, both in online spaces, as well as physical privacy despite lockdowns in tight quarters.

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delos Trinos, John Paul Caesar Robles, Luh Putu Lila Wulandari, Naomi Clarke, Vicente Belizario, John Kaldor, and Susana Vaz Nery. "Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis before and after preventive chemotherapy initiation in the Philippines: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): e0010026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010026.

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Objective To estimate the impact of preventive chemotherapy on the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis in the Philippines, using systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We included reports reporting prevalence of STH infections, schistosomiasis, or lymphatic filariasis in the Philippines published until 31 March 2021. Peer-reviewed studies were identified in electronic databases. Grey literature reports by the University of the Philippines and the Department of Health were also included. Pooled infection prevalence, before and after the initiation of preventive chemotherapy, stratified by age group, was calculated using the inverse variance heterogeneity model. Findings A total of 109 reports were included in the review and meta-analysis. Overall prevalence of moderate-heavy intensity Ascaris lumbricoides (6.6%) and Trichuris trichiura (2.7%) infection after initiation of preventive chemotherapy were significantly lower than the prevalence prior to initiation (23.6% for A. lumbricoides and 12.2% for T. trichiura). Prevalence reductions were also found in school and preschool-age children for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Studies conducted after preventive chemotherapy initiation had significantly lower overall prevalence of moderate-heavy intensity schistosomiasis (3.1% vs 0.2%) and of schistosomiasis in school-age children (30.5% vs 1%). Pooled prevalence of lymphatic filariasis prior to preventive chemotherapy initiation was 3.2% across 12 provinces, while currently only two provinces still have prevalence of more than 1%. There were no published studies reporting prevalence of lymphatic filariasis after initiation of preventive chemotherapy. Heterogeneity was high with I2 mostly above 90%. Conclusion The burden of STH infections and schistosomiasis in children were significantly lower in studies conducted following the initiation of preventive chemotherapy. Eliminating morbidity and interrupting transmission, however, may require expanded control initiatives including community-wide treatment, and improved water, sanitation, and hygiene. Lymphatic filariasis burden has decreased since the implementation of preventive chemotherapy, with all but two provinces having reached the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem.

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Olson, Courtney L., Luz P. Acosta, Natasha S. Hochberg, Remigio M. Olveda, Mario Jiz, Stephen T. McGarvey, Jonathan D. Kurtis, David C. Bellinger, and Jennifer F. Friedman. "Anemia of Inflammation Is Related to Cognitive Impairment among Children in Leyte, The Philippines." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 3, no. 10 (October 20, 2009): e533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000533.

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Ostrea Jr., Enrique M., Esterlita Villanueva-Uy, Dawn Bielawski, Sarah Birn, and James J. Janisse. "Trends in long term exposure to propoxur and pyrethroids in young children in the Philippines." Environmental Research 131 (May 2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.01.003.

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Chiappedi, M. "Use of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales for children of the Philippines: some thoughts." Child: Care, Health and Development 37, no. 2 (November 18, 2010): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01174.x.

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Domai, Fleurette M., Kristal An Agrupis, Su Myat Han, Ana Ria Sayo, Janine S. Ramirez, Raphael Nepomuceno, Shuichi Suzuki, et al. "Measles outbreak in the Philippines: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children, 2016-2019." Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific 19 (February 2022): 100334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100334.

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R. Arcega, Jose Epimaco. "The Convergence of Values: Exploring the Values System among the Taal Families of San Jose City, Nueva Ecija Philippines." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 10 (2022): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61005.

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This study focused on exploring the values system among the taal families of San Jose City, Nueva Ecija Philippines. Taal families refer to the families who have been considered “natives” in the community. The study was under the qualitative case study approach and used a semi-structured in-depth interview to gather. The study used purposive sampling and gathered data from the nine (9) heads of the family of the selected taal families based on the criteria identified in this study. Three themes related to the convergence of values emerged. These include the evolution of the values system, sharing of cultures together with the community, and creating a lasting family legacy: The persistence of traditional values system in this study. This implies that instead of creating and adopting a new values system that will fit our environment today, respondents simply adopted the way of practicing traditional values in the kind of society we have today by practicing it in a new way. Major findings reveal that the values system did not change, it just evolved only to respond to the modernity of our society today so that their children will be able to adopt it easily in which the traditional way of practicing family values just converged to the kind of society we have today.

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Talavera, Maria Theresa, Angelina Bustos, and Carmelita Rebancos. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nutrition Workers on Climate Change in Laguna, Batangas and Cavite Provinces, Philippines." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_2/03.

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Climate change and malnutrition are two global phenomena that affect millions of population groups. The Philippines is considered one of the most vulnerable countries for extreme natural events and at the same time has a high prevalence of underweight (19.0%) and stunting (28.8%) in 2019 among under five children. The nutritionally vulnerable groups are children, pregnant and lactating women, and elderly. These groups are also greatly affected by climate change-related events then the malnutrition situation is exacerbated. The local nutrition workers are the frontline workers who plan, implement, and monitor nutrition programs. Mainstreaming climate change in the local nutrition planning processes will be facilitated if nutrition workers are knowledgeable. This study aimed to determine the current knowledge, attitudes and practices of nutrition workers and perceptions on how to mainstream climate change in the nutrition sector’s local planning system. A survey was conducted among local nutrition workers. Ninety-five percent of nutrition workers were highly knowledgeable, 86% were with high level of attitudes and 50% were exhibiting moderate level of practices related to climate change. The gaps can be narrowed by capacity building and possibly this can lead to mainstreaming climate change in the local nutrition planning process.

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Suplido, Maria Lurenda, and Choon Nam Ong. "Lead Exposure among Small-Scale Battery Recyclers, Automobile Radiator Mechanics, and Their Children in Manila, the Philippines." Environmental Research 82, no. 3 (March 2000): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1999.4024.

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Gallespen, Ervie Emelda. "Online Teaching during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Philippine Experience." JPAIR Institutional Research 17, no. 1 (October 10, 2021): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/irj.v17i1.818.

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Teachers shifted to online teaching when schools were shut down due to the Coronavirus-19 global pandemic. The study determined the experiences, challenges, and responses of teachers while doing online teaching. A survey through Microsoft Teams was administered to 194 Senior High School and College teachers in Riverside College, Bacolod City, Philippines. Findings revealed that support system was experienced by the teachers through the webinars provided, the assistance of colleagues and housemates, and the help extended by parents to their children. The challenges identified were the extent of students’ learning as observed and the teachers’ learning climate, their living conditions, work environment, devise used, and connectivity. A positive response was reflected in the teachers’ adaptability, level of enjoyment, and work-life balance. Their readiness in the resumption of face-to-face classes resulted from the stress experienced. Teachers’ stress levels differed when they were compared according to their department and employment status. Their satisfaction towards the Microsoft Teams platform significantly differed when they were grouped according to their department. No significant difference was observed in the teachers’ extent of readiness in the resumption of face-to-face classes when they were compared according to their department, employment status, and the number of subject load preparations. The results consider the impact of online teaching on the students’ learning and the teachers’ well-being.

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Gil Cuesta, Julita, Joris Adriaan Frank van Loenhout, Maria Lourdes de Lara Banquesio, Masniza Mustaffa, and Debarati Guha-Sapir. "Medical Consultations After Typhoon Haiyan in a Field Hospital in the Philippines." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.99.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction and Objectives:Typhoon Haiyan partially destroyed the Ormoc District Hospital in the Philippines. A field hospital was established to replace its outpatient department for 5 weeks. We investigated the reasons for medical consultation in the field hospital.Methods:We described the consultations by sex, age, week, and diagnosis according to the Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters system. We compared the number and proportion of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) with a control season in 2014.Results:We included 6785 consultations, 55.9% from women. The majority of consultations were communicable diseases (88.2%) followed by noncommunicable (7.1%) and injuries (5.6%). Males suffered more often from injuries than women (66.0% vs 34.0%). Consultations due to injuries decreased from 10.0% in the first to 2.9% in the last week. The most frequent diagnosis over the study period was acute respiratory infections (ARIs) (73.1%), of which 83.0% were children. The number of daily URTIs was higher than in a similar 2014 period.Conclusions:ARI was the most prevalent diagnosis. We recommend ARI treatments being fully accessible after such a disaster. During the first week, injury prevention should focus on adult men. Studies after natural disasters should include control periods to better understand disease distribution, ultimately improving the prioritization in disasters.

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Solon, Unilyn E. "Child Abuse and Its Manifestation." University of Bohol Multidisciplinary Research Journal 6 (September 30, 2018): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15631/ubmrj.v6i1.110.

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Child abuse is damaging to a person’s psyche. Children experiencing trauma may respond to it differently. Thus, symptoms vary from physical, mental, emotional, social, behavioral, and psychological reactions. This study intends to ascertain child abuse and its manifestation among the children of the Arms of Love Children’s Home, Cortes, Bohol, Philippines. It utilized a quantitative research design with the aid of a self-constructed questionnaire to gather the perceived symptoms of trauma among the sexually abused, physically abused, neglected, abandoned and surrendered children regarding their physical, mental, emotional, and interpersonal conditions, and the degree of variance among these symptoms. Results revealed that symptoms of trauma were differently manifested by the abused children in the form of physical, mental, emotional, and interpersonal conditions. On the physical conditions, the headache was most evident. Emotional responses to trauma were in the form of an eating problem, guilt feelings, confusion, and hypervigilance. Moreover, this study highlighted sexual and physical abuse as higher degree types of child abuse. However, other forms – neglected, surrendered, abandoned were not taken for granted for these are also detrimental to children’s life.

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Bonifacio, Joseph, Socorro Lupisan, Vito Roque, Maria Joyce Ducusin, Varja Grabovac, Nyambat Batmunkh, James D. Heffelfinger, et al. "Molecular characterization of rotavirus diarrhea among children aged under five years in the Philippines, 2013–2015." Vaccine 36, no. 51 (December 2018): 7888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.046.

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Alera, Maria Theresa, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, John Mark Velasco, Ilya A. Tac-An, Catherine B. Lago, Hannah E. Clapham, Stefan Fernandez, et al. "Incidence of Dengue Virus Infection in Adults and Children in a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort in the Philippines." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2016): e0004337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004337.

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Landicho-Guevarra, Jhoys, Mark Donald C. Reñosa, Jonas Wachinger, Vivienne Endoma, Mila F. Aligato, Thea Andrea Bravo, Jeniffer Landicho, Kate Bärnighausen, and Shannon A. McMahon. "Scared, powerless, insulted and embarrassed: hesitancy towards vaccines among caregivers in Cavite Province, the Philippines." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 9 (September 2021): e006529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006529.

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BackgroundSeveral studies have highlighted that vaccine hesitancy (VH) is among the most important threats to global health, especially in low- and middle-income countries, including the Philippines. However, there is a dearth of literature exploring family experiences of—or concerns related to—childhood vaccinations that gives voice to vaccine hesitant caregivers (VHCs) of small children. Here, we present insights from VHCs from the Philippines.MethodsThis research draws on in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 44 VHCs who had previously delayed or refused vaccination for their children in rural and urban communities in Cavite Province, the Philippines. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted IDIs via an online platform of the respondents’ choosing (ie, Facebook messenger call, Skype and Zoom). All interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated and analysed drawing from the tenets of constructivist grounded theory. We use the social ecological model to structure our results.ResultsAmong the reasons for delay or refusal of childhood vaccinations, a fear of side effects emerged as the most salient concern, exacerbated by previous negative experiences (including trauma) from a dengue vaccine controversy in 2017. Respondents cited the dengue vaccine controversy as they expressed reluctance (regarding any new vaccines) and suspicion (towards school-based vaccination, the distribution channel used for the dengue vaccine). Heads of households opposing vaccines, perceptions that vaccines are non-essential and influences from the social and traditional media or neighbours contributed to further refusal and delay. Upon probing, VHCs recounted health system concerns particularly with regards to healthcare workers who are sometimes unable to answer their questions and can be dismissive or disrespectful regarding caregivers’ concerns.ConclusionUnderstanding VH from the lens of VHCs highlights pathways for interventions to regain trust and bolster confidence towards vaccines. Our findings may serve as linchpins in the development of VH interventions aiming at changing behaviour on a population scale.

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Church, A. Timothy, and Marcia S. Katigbak. "Home environment, nutritional status, and maternal intelligence as determinants of intellectual development in rural Philippine preschool children." Intelligence 15, no. 1 (January 1991): 49–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-2896(91)90022-6.

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De Vera, Manuel, Donn David Ramos, Junica Soriano, and Tristan Piosang. "Bridging leadership and transformation in Dumingag, Zamboanga Del Sur, Philippines." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 12, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2020-0065.

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Learning outcomes At the end of the course, the participants are expected to be able to: understand and explain what is bridging leadership (BL); understand stakeholder, stakeholder engagement and stakeholder management; conduct a stakeholder analysis based on the details of the case; evaluate the BL processes based on the details of the case; and communicate how BL was used in Dumingag. Case overview/synopsis Mayor Nacianceno “Jun” Pacalioga’s journey towards the transformation of the municipality of Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur in Mindanao, Philippines has been rooted in his daily interaction with its residents by way of morning walks around the town. He has always been involved in organizing people in his youth and as a public servant, improving the plight of the people of the 4th class landlocked and agriculture-dependent municipality has always been his primary concern. There are currently an estimated 50,000 people from forty-four (44) barangays (communities/villages) in the Municipality of Dumingag. In 2007, most farming households of the municipality earned US$ 60 monthly. By 2016, after Pacalioga’s 9-year stint as local chief executive or as mayor, the percentage of households with income below the poverty threshold have significantly decreased to 38%. Local health indicators have also become exemplary with only 0.77% of children between 0-5 years old recorded as malnourished, with maternal mortality death rate. When it comes to food, only 0.25% of households experience food shortage. This case highlights the Bridging Leadership Framework as a paradigm to help address social divides and inequities in complex environments such as Dumingag. In realizing bridging leadership as a community of practice, Pacalioga employed participatory processes to develop the Genuine People’s Agenda, and the integrated Transformative Education to build the capacity of different stakeholders in the municipality. These processes mobilized different stakeholders to move towards the common goal of improving the plight of the Duminganogs. Now Dumingag is enjoying the broad-based benefits of the program; including recognition by numerous local and international organizations and civic groups on the efforts of Pacalioga and the people of Dumingag in transforming their once poverty-stricken town in Zamboanga del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines. Complexity academic level Masters Level/Executive Education. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 10: Public Sector Management.

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Mbuyakala, Fleurette Domai, Chris Smith, Su Myat Han, Raphael Nepomuceno, Kim Mulholland, Luigi Palla, Kristal An Agrupis, and Kensuke Takahashi. "Author's reply – Measles outbreak in the Philippines: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children, 2016–2019." Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific 31 (February 2023): 100696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100696.

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Udry, J. Richard, and Lionel Deang. "Determinants of coitus after childbirth." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 1 (January 1993): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020368.

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SummaryUsing a sample of 3080 women from Cebu, Philippines, interviewed immediately after childbirth and every 2 months thereafter for 2 years, the determinants of return to coitus are analysed. Eighty percent of the women returned to coitus before the return of menses, and 90% did so before stopping breast-feeding. In hazards models, variables associated with traditional life styles retarded return to coitus. Situational variables (husband resident, crowding, children aged 6 and under), especially husband residence, and biological variables (mother's age, return to menses, and lactation) were significant predictors of return to coitus. The implications of the analysis for the construction of models of birth interval dynamics are discussed.

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Shinoda, Sumio. "Special Issue on Infectious Disease Control in SATREPS Projects." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 733–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0733.

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The Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) is a Japanese government program that promotes international joint research. The program is structured as a collaboration between the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The program includes various fields, such as Environment and Energy, Bioresources, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, and Infectious Disease Control, and a total 52 projects were currently in progress as of May, 2018. It is expected that the promotion of international joint research under this program will enable Japanese research institutions to conduct research more effectively in fields and having targets that make it advantageous to do that research in developing countries, including countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, and Africa. Recently, SATREPS projects in the field of Infectious Disease have been but under the control of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED). Although adult maladies, such as malignant tumors, heart disease, and cerebral apoplexy, are major causes of death in the developed countries including Japan, infectious diseases are still responsible for the high mortality rates in developing countries. Therefore, Infectious Disease Control is the important field of SATREPS. Infectious Disease Control projects are progressing in several countries, including Kenya, Zambia, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Brazil, and various infectious diseases and pathogens have been targeted. In this special issue on Infectious Disease Control, the following reports from three projects have been selected: “The JICA-AMED SATREPS Project to Control Outbreaks of Yellow Fever and Rift Valley Fever in Kenya” by Nagasaki University, “Comprehensive Etiological and Epidemiological Study on Acute Respiratory Infections in Children in the Philippines” by Tohoku University, and “International Joint Research on Antifungal Resistant Fungi in Brazil” by Chiba University. These projects include viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. If they become available, further supplementary reports from other projects in this field will be published in a future issue.

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Wachinger, Jonas, Mark Donald C. Reñosa, Vivienne Endoma, Mila F. Aligato, Jhoys Landicho-Guevarra, Jeniffer Landicho, Thea Andrea Bravo, and Shannon A. McMahon. "Bargaining and gendered authority: a framework to understand household decision-making about childhood vaccines in the Philippines." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 9 (September 2022): e009781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009781.

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IntroductionTargeted vaccination promotion efforts aimed at building vaccine confidence require an in-depth understanding of how and by whom decisions about vaccinating children are made. While several studies have highlighted how parents interact with other stakeholders when discussing childhood vaccination, less is known about the way in which vaccination uptake is negotiated within households.MethodsWe conducted 44 in-depth interviews with caregivers of children under five in the Philippines who had delayed or refused vaccination. Interviews were conducted between August 2020 and March 2021 and were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Notions of intra-household vaccination bargaining emerged early during systematic debriefings and were probed more pointedly throughout data collection.ResultsParents as well as paternal and maternal families proved to be dominant stakeholders in intra-household bargaining for childhood vaccination. Although bargaining among these stakeholders was based on engrained, gender-based power imbalances, disadvantaged stakeholders could draw on a range of interrelated sources of bargaining power to nevertheless shape decision-making. Sources of bargaining power included, in descending order of their relevance for vaccination, (1) physical presence at the household (at the time of vaccination decision-making), (2) interest in the topic of vaccination and conviction of one’s own position, (3) previous vaccination and caregiving experience, and (4) access to household resources (including finances). The degree to which each household member could draw on these sources of bargaining power varied considerably over time and across households.ConclusionOur findings highlight how bargaining due to intra-household disagreement coins decisions regarding childhood vaccination. Considering the risks for public health associated with vaccine hesitancy globally, we advocate for acknowledging intra-household dynamics in research and practice, such as by purposefully targeting household members with decision-making capacity in vaccination promotion efforts, aligning promotion efforts with available bargaining capacity or further empowering those convinced of vaccination.

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Gonzales, Janene E. "The Effect of Video Presentation and Printed Reading Materials on Pupils’ Comprehension Skills." Applied Science and Innovative Research 4, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): p19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v4n4p19.

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The study on the Effect of Video Presentation and Printed Reading Materials on the Pupils’ Comprehension skills was conducted on the pupils of St. Scholastica’s Academy in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental Philippines. This study was only limited to the Four Levels of Comprehension namely: Literal, Inferential, Evaluative, and Appreciative Comprehension. Based on the results of the tests, it showed that there was an increase in scores. The pretest scores of the Experimental Group is 4.53 the Controlled Group is 4.47. The posttest score of both groups is 5.08. Results presented that the Controlled Group has a higher mean difference. The Mean and T-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means were used to interpret the data gathered. Comparing the two values, the T-test shows that the difference of 0.056 between the values is not significant wherein the p-value is equivalent to 0.862.It was recommended that the administrators must ensure that the educators must be prepared in implementing technology inside the classroom. The teachers must check the current standing of the pupils to determine the strength and weaknesses in comprehension. The parents should let their children explore technology and books; and further studies must focus on the upper level to determine if there are changes on the different grade levels as well determine the factors that affect the student’s learning: motivation, learning style and strategies, learning environment, and classroom pedagogy.

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Sharpe, Isobel, and Colleen M. Davison. "A Scoping Review of Climate Change, Climate-Related Disasters, and Mental Disorders among Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052896.

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Children, particularly those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are highly vulnerable to climate change and its impacts. Our main objective was to conduct a scoping literature review to determine how exposure to climate change and climate-related disasters influences the presence of mental disorders among children in LMICs. We also aimed to identify gaps in this area of scholarship. We included studies of children in LMICs that had a climate change or climate-related disaster exposure and mental disorder outcome. Twenty-three studies were included in the final synthesis. Fourteen studies were conducted in China, three in India, two each in Pakistan and the Philippines, and one each in Namibia and Dominica. All studies assessed the association between a climate-related disaster exposure and a mental disorder outcome, while none explored broader climate change-related exposures. Post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 21 studies) and depression (n = 8 studies) were the most common mental disorder outcomes. There was considerable between-study heterogeneity in terms of sample size, follow-up length, and outcome measurement. Overall, the literature in this area was sparse. Additional high-quality research is required to better understand the impacts of climate-related disasters and climate change on mental disorders within this population to ultimately inform future policies and interventions.

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Soe, Pyae Sone, Win Thiri Kyaw, Koji Arizono, Yasuhiro Ishibashi, and Tetsuro Agusa. "Mercury Pollution from Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Myanmar and Other Southeast Asian Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 6290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106290.

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Mercury (Hg) is one of the most harmful metals and has been a public health concern according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the world’s fastest-growing source of Hg and can release Hg into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Hg has been widely used in ASGM industries throughout Southeast Asia countries, including Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Thailand. Here, 16 relevant studies were systematically searched by performing the PRISMA flow, combining the keywords of “Hg”, “ASGM”, and relevant study areas. Mercury concentrations exceeding the WHO and United States Environmental Protection Agency guideline values were reported in environmental (i.e., air, water, and soil) and biomonitoring samples (i.e., plants, fish, and human hair). ASGM-related health risks to miners and nonminers, specifically in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Myanmar, were also assessed. The findings indicated severe Hg contamination around the ASGM process, specifically the gold-amalgamation stage, was significantly high. To one point, Hg atmospheric concentrations from all observed studies was shown to be extremely high in the vicinity of gold operating areas. Attentions should be given regarding the public health concern, specifically for the vulnerable groups such as adults, pregnant women, and children who live near the ASGM activity. This review summarizes the effects of Hg in Myanmar and other Southeast Asian countries. In the future, more research and assessment will be required to investigate the current and evolving situation in ASGM communities.

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Belizario, Vicente Y., Francis Isidore G. Totañes, Winifreda U. de Leon, Raezelle Nadine T. Ciro, and Yvonne F. Lumampao. "Sentinel Surveillance of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Preschool-Aged and School-Aged Children in Selected Local Government Units in the Philippines." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 27, no. 2 (April 9, 2013): NP1604—NP1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539513483825.

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Magpusao, Nelma S., Alan Monteclar, and Jacqueline L. Deen. "Slow Improvement of Clinically-Diagnosed Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Case Fatality Rates." Tropical Doctor 33, no. 3 (July 2003): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550303300312.

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Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is recognized as a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children in many Southeast Asian countries. This study reviews the case fatality rates of DHF cases admitted to a referral hospital in Cebu (Philippines) over the past 5 years. Information on patients 14 years old or younger admitted from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2001 with the final clinical diagnosis of DHF was collated and analysed. Case fatality rates were compared before and after a standardized management protocol was implemented by the healthcare staff and after introduction of revisions to that protocol. The case fatality rate during the 2-year periods prior and after introduction of the management protocol decreased significantly from 197/2644 (7.45%) to 39/1182 (3.30%) ( P<0.01). Following the introduction of revisions to the protocol, the case fatality was reduced even further to 52/1697 (3.06%) ( P=0.7). In this government hospital the introduction of a standardized management protocol for DHF was associated with a significant improvement in the case fatality rate of hospitalized children with clinically diagnosed DHF. However, compared with reports from hospitals in other dengue-endemic countries, the improvement has been slow. Possible ways to decrease fatality rates further have been identified.

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Dominguez, Georgia B., and Brian J. Hall. "The health status and related interventions for children left behind due to parental migration in the Philippines: A scoping review." Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific 28 (November 2022): 100566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100566.

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Guzman, Ferdinand D., Yuta Iwamoto, Nobuo Saito, Eumelia P. Salva, Efren M. Dimaano, Akira Nishizono, Motoi Suzuki, et al. "Clinical, epidemiological, and spatial features of human rabies cases in Metro Manila, the Philippines from 2006 to 2015." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): e0010595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010595.

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Rabies remains a public health problem in the Philippines despite the widespread provision of rabies vaccines and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Detailed descriptions of recent human rabies cases in the Philippines are scarce. This study aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological, and spatial features of human rabies cases between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015. We conducted a retrospective hospital-based case record review of all patients admitted to one referral hospital in Manila who received a clinical diagnosis of rabies. During the 10-year study period there were 575 patients (average 57.5 cases per year, range 57 to 119) with a final diagnosis of rabies. Most patients were male (n = 404, 70.3%) and aged ≥ 20 years (n = 433, 75.3%). Patients mostly came from the National Capital Region (n = 160, 28.0%) and the adjacent Regions III (n = 197, 34.4%) and IV-A (n = 168, 29.4%). Case mapping and heatmaps showed that human rabies cases were continuously observed in similar areas throughout the study period. Most patients had hydrophobia (n = 444, 95.5%) and/or aerophobia (n = 432, 93.3%). The leading causative animals were dogs (n = 421, 96.3%) and cats (n = 16, 3.7%). Among 437 patients with animal exposure history, only 42 (9.6%) had been administered at least one rabies vaccine. Two patients (0.5%), young children bitten on their face, had received and a full course of rabies vaccine. Human rabies patients were continuously admitted to the hospital, with no notable decline over the study period. The geographical area in which human rabies cases commonly occurred also did not change. Few patients received PEP and there were two suspected cases of PEP failure. The retrospective design of this study was a limitation; thus, prospective studies are required.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Children and the environment – Philippines'

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