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Abdul-Mumin, Alhassan, Cesia Cotache-Condor, Sheila Agyeiwaa Owusu, Haruna Mahama, and Emily R. Smith. "Timing and causes of neonatal mortality in Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A retrospective study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): e0245065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245065.
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Neonatal deaths now account for more than two-thirds of all deaths in the first year of life and for about half of all deaths in children under-five years. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts up to 41% of the total burden of neonatal deaths worldwide. Our study aims to describe causes of neonatal mortality and to evaluate predictors of timing of neonatal death at Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH), Ghana. This retrospective study was conducted at TTH located in Northern Ghana. All neonates who died in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from 2013 to 2017 were included and data was obtained from admission and discharge books and mortality records. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess predictors of timing of neonatal death. Out of the 8,377 neonates that were admitted at the NICU during the 5-year study period, 1,126 died, representing a mortality rate of 13.4%. Of those that died, 74.3% died within 6 days. There was an overall downward trend in neonatal mortality over the course of the 5-year study period (18.2% in 2013; 14.3% in 2017). Preterm birth complications (49.6%) and birth asphyxia (21.7%) were the top causes of mortality. Predictors of early death included being born within TTH, birth weight, and having a diagnosis of preterm birth complication or birth asphyxia. Our retrospective study found that almost 3/4 of neonatal deaths were within the first week and these deaths were more likely to be associated with preterm birth complications or birth asphyxia. Most of the deaths occurred in babies born within health facilities, presenting an opportunity to reduce our mortality by improving on quality of care provided during the perinatal period.
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Emeka, Chukwubuike Kevin. "Anesthesia-Related Mortality in Children: A Surgeon’s Perspective." Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal 3, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birex.v3i3.2079.
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Background: Anesthesia-related mortality refers to death resulting from the complications of anesthesia or death due to at least one anesthesia-related complication happening as a cause among the multiple causes of death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and causes of anesthesia-related mortality in pediatric patients, as experienced by a surgeon. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of children aged 15 years and younger who died at the pediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) Enugu, Nigeria following administration of anesthesia between January 2010 and December 2019. Results: A total of 31,210 pediatric anesthesias/surgeries were performed during the study period; out of which 78 mortalities occurred due to anesthesia. There was male predominance and the median age of the patients was 4 years with a range of 1 week to 12 years. Mortality occurred more in neonates and during emergency surgeries. Airway complications and intussusception were the most common etiology of mortality and pathology in the children respectively. About two-thirds of the deaths occurred in the operating room before commencement of the surgery. Conclusion: Anesthesia-related deaths in children in middle income country like Nigeria are higher than what is obtainable in developed countries. The risk factors for anesthesia-related mortality include male gender, neonates and emergency surgeries. Airway problem is a common cause of mortality.
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Zhang, Shichao, Jia Dai, and Zhenxin Nie. "Can Swimming Teaching Prevent Drowning? An Experimental Study of Children in China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (April 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6141342.
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Background. The drowning death rate of Chinese students ranks among the top three in the world, and drowning has become an urgent problem for the country and society to solve. Objective. To test whether traditional swimming teaching can improve students’ knowledge and skills of water safety and reduce the probability of drowning in China. Methods. A total of 82 second-grade students in elementary school were selected as experimental subjects, and the repeated measures analysis of variance experiment design was used to carry out the research. Results. After the experiment, the swimming safety education model significantly increased the scores of swimming safety knowledge and skills and the difference was statistically significant (t = 4.060, 5.325, P < 0.05 ); the attitude and behavior scores decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (t = −4.392, −2.201, P < 0.05 ). After the experiment, the swimming safety education model is more effective in teaching swimming safety knowledge, attitude, and behavior than the traditional swimming teaching, and the difference is statistically significant (t = 2.699, 3.852, 4.308, P < 0.05 ). After the experiment, when the traditional swimming teaching model is compared with the control group, the difference in swimming safety skills was statistically significant (t = 4.704, P < 0.05 ) and other dimensions were homogeneous. In conclusion, the traditional swimming teaching can only improve student’s swimming safety skills but cannot reduce student’s drowning injuries. The swimming safety education model is superior to the traditional swimming teaching in terms of swimming safety knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Recommendations. For beginners in swimming, the teaching content of swimming self-rescue skills and swimming safety knowledge should be added.
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Soumyashree, M. N., R. G. Viveki, and Sunanda Halki. "Epidemiological determinants of infant deaths occurring in a teaching hospital: an observational study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190609.
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Background: India has the highest number of infant deaths, contributing about 23% to the global burden of infant deaths. Sustainable development goal states that, by 2030, preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age should be ended, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. Aims of the study: (1) to understand the socio-demographic profile of the study cases, (2) to correlate the causes of infant deaths with age, parity and other obstetrics parameters.Methods: The present study was undertaken for the period of one year from January to December 2016. The study included 120 deceased infants from department of Pediatrics, Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS) Hospital, Belagavi. Information regarding socio-demographic profile, antenatal, intranatal and infant details were collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: 61.6% of study cases were male and three-fourth of them resided in rural area. 56.2% of the deceased infants were LBW, followed by VLBW (34.9%) and ELBW (8.9%). The common causes of death among the deceased infants were prematurity (45%) followed by, birth asphyxia (34.2%), sepsis (12.5%), pneumonia (3.3%) and congenital anomalies and other (2.5%).Conclusions: Age of the infants, gestational age, place of delivery, delivery assisted and LBW were associated with infant deaths. There is a need for proper implementation of programmes related to mother and child health care.
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Shanmugam, Ramya S., Arun Karthik, Muthukumaran N., and Chinnathambi Kamalarathanam. "Mortality profile of extreme to very preterm infants in an extramural tertiary care neonatal unit of a teaching hospital in Southern India: a retrospective study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 4 (March 21, 2020): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201097.
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Background: Neonatal deaths account for 47% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years globally. More than a third of deaths are due to preterm related complications. Understanding the factors contributing to preterm deaths and pattern of mortality is needed to implement interventions that are essential in improving neonatal survival.Methods: This was a retrospective study done in neonatal intensive care unit, Institute of Child Health (ICH) and Hospital for Children, Chennai, a tertiary care regional center. All preterm (<32 weeks) deaths registered in the neonatal medical records from 1st of January 2018 to 31st of December 2018 were analysed. Primary causes of deaths were analysed by two consultants. When there were more than one cause contributing to responsible for death the most significant problem was taken as the cause of death.Results: Overall neonatal mortality was 312 (14.2%) of 2189 neonates. Out of 148 admissions in the study population mortality was 74.2% (26 of 35) for extreme preterm (<28 weeks) infants and 42.7% (48 of 113) for very preterm (28 to 32 weeks) infants. Predominant causes of death were sepsis 44.5% (33), prematurity-related complications 37.8% (28) followed by congenital anomalies 12.1% (9) and miscellaneous causes 2.7% (2). Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) and Intra Ventricular Haemorrhage (IVH) attributed to 75% (21/ 28) of deaths among prematurity-related complications.Conclusions: This study identified sepsis; prematurity related complications were the predominant causes of mortality in the extreme to very preterm population. Understanding the specific causes of preterm mortality would help to implement interventions to promote their survival.
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Moon, Hyoung-Jin, Jong-ho Nam, and Jong-suck Kim. "A Study on Korean History Education Plans for Children from Mixed Marriages in Korea : Focus on Korean-Vietnamese, -Chinese, and -Japanese Children." New Educational Review 69, no. 3 (2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/tner.2022.69.3.03.
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This study aims to prepare the most effective Korean history education plan for children from mixed marriages in Korea using a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. Before the survey, the children from mixed marriages between Korea and Vietnam, China, and Japan preferred the auto-visual teaching method (ATM). However, after learning Cramming Teaching Method (CTM), Audio-Visual Teaching Method (ATM), Comparative-History Teaching Method (CHTM), and Discussion Teaching Method (DTM) for one week, Chinese and Korean – Japanese children preferred CHTM, whereas Korean-Vietnamese children preferred ATM itself. Hence, CHTM was found to be the most effective method when educating Korean history to the children from mixed marriages between Korea and countries with many historical conflicts, similar to that of their mothers (first-generation immigrants).
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Azize, Pary M., Layla A. Muhammad, and Nasren A. Kareem. "The causes of early neonatal death in Sulaimani Intensive Care Unite at Maternity Teaching Hospital between Jan 2016 - Feb 2017." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.2.17.
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Early neonatal death refers to all deaths of liveborn infants occurring on or before the first seven days of life. There is a shortage of research on the specific causes of early neonatal death. This study has been conducted in order to assess causes of early neonatal death in Sulaimani's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Maternity Teaching Hospital. Information was obtained retrospectively from the patients’ medical records, including (Mother and neonate socio-demographic, Maternal, Fetal and labor causes of death). Generally, this study found that in 2016 out of total 18.573 recorded delivery, 168 early neonatal deaths were analyzed from January 2016 to February 2017. However, this number was declined in comparison to the data of 2015, which estimated around 244 early deaths out of 21.142 total births. The mean age of mothers was ranged (28.22 ±7.69), 73.2% of neonate mothers were multi gravid with 67.3% of them delivered through normal vaginal, The majority of early neonate death was happening in the mean expected date delivery of (28.64 ± 2.90) weeks, with mostly weighing 700- 1.10 gm. Regarding the maternal causes, more than a quarter of the mother had Preeclamptic toxemia followed by (25% antepartum hemorrhage, 22.6% diabetes, respectively), In terms of the fetal causes, more than three-quarter of neonate were dead because of prematurity and the majority 85.2% were deceased because of the respiratory distress syndrome. Almost no labor causes. The study also found that there is a significant association between gravidity, mode of delivery and maternal cause in p value < 0.05. However, that relationship was not found to fetal cause. Moreover, there is also no significant relationship between fetal cause and (Age of mother, Expected date delivery and fetal weight) in p-value > 0.05 accept the gender of the neonate. In conclusion, some factors affecting early neonatal death have been identified in this study special care is essential for these children in order to reduce their mortality rates.
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Rahimy, Mohamed Cherif, Annick Gangbo, Gilbert Ahouignan, Roselyn Adjou, Chantal Deguenon, Stephanie Goussanou, and Eusebe Alihonou. "Effect of a comprehensive clinical care program on disease course in severely ill children with sickle cell anemia in a sub-Saharan African setting." Blood 102, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-05-1453.
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Abstract Clinical severity of sickle cell anemia (SS) in Africa may not be solely determined by genetic factors. This study evaluated the effects of intensive parental education and adequate clinical care on the course of SS in children in Benin. SS children referred to the National Teaching Hospital in Cotonou were included in the study. Teaching about SS was repeated frequently, emphasizing the importance of keeping clinic appointments, improving the nutrition of the affected children, and instituting antipneumococcal and antimalarial prophylaxis. Frequency and severity of SS-related events, changes in physical growth, frequency of malarial attacks, causes of transfusion, and causes of death were the principal variables assessed. 236 young children with repeated SS-related acute complications were studied from July 1, 1993, to December 31, 1999 (983 patient-years). A marked reduction in the frequency and severity of SS-related acute events was observed. Improvement in general status and physical growth was noted in 184 patients (78%); in addition, 22 of the remaining 52 patients showed similar improvement after remotivating the parents for compliance. There were 10 deaths, primarily in this cohort of 52 patients. Intensive sociomedical intervention can produce sustained clinical improvement in many severely ill SS children in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Jha, Chandra Bhushan, Hem Sagar Rimal, and Ram Bhakta Subedi. "Prevalence of Anemia among Children Diagnosed with Pneumonia Attending Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (November 3, 2021): 1545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v6i2.40356.
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Introduction: Childhood pneumonia is the leading cause of serious illness and death worldwide. In developing countries, pneumonia is the biggest single cause of childhood death under the age of 5 years. Globally, anemia is a major nutritional problem of immense public health significance. Iron deficiency anemia in children occurs most frequently between the age of 6 months and 3years, the same period of age when repeated infections occur.
Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of anemia among children diagnosed with pneumonia.
Methodology: This is a hospital based cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, from 15th February 2020 to 15th August 2020. This study was performed on 150 pneumonic children between 6 to 60 months of age. History regarding fever, cough and fast breathing was taken. All the data were recorded in the preformed proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.
Results: This study was performed on 150 pneumonic children, in which male babies (n=93; 62%) outnumbered the female babies (n=57; 38%). The majority of children were in the age group of 6 to 24 month (n=85; 56.7%). The mean hemoglobin level was 9. 49±1.39 gm/dl. The hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl was seen in 102 (68%) cases. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was present in 73 (71.6%) children.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia among the pneumonic children of 6-60 months is 68% that is higher than the national data (52.6%) of prevalence of anemia in the same age group. While treating childhood pneumonia, checking hemoglobin on regular basis will be very useful to diagnose and manage concurrent anemia
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Shehu, UA, SA Adegoke, U. Abdulsalam, M. Ibrahim, OA Oyelami, and OO Adeodu. "Pattern of childhood malignant tumours in two tertiary teaching hospitals in Nigeria: Comparative study." Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 40, no. 2 (April 8, 2013): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v40i2.14.
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Background: Cancer is a public health problem worldwide affecting all categories of persons. It is the second common cause of death in developed countries and among the three leading causes of death in developing countries.Objective: To compare the patterns of malignant childhood tumours intwo tertiary hospitals in the north- Western and South western Nigeria.Methods: Retrospective studies of childhood malignancies diagnosedat Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano and Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC) (Ife Hospital Unit, Ile-Ife and Wesley Guild Hospital Unit, Ilesa, Osun state) were undertaken from January, 2001 to December, 2010. The patterns of childhood cancers inthese hospitals were compared.Results: Four hundred and ten children aged 7 months to 15 years were admitted at AKTH with malignancies of which 236 were males and 174 females with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. At OAUTHC, 568 children aged two months to 15 years were admitted with malignancies over the ten year period. There were 401 males and 167 females, with male to female ratio of 2.4:1. Lymphomas were the commonest type of malignancy in both centers, which accounted for 47.3% and 59.7% at AKTH and OAUTHCrespectively. Retinoblastoma was the second commonest tumour atAKTH constituting 14.9% of all malignancies followed by nephroblastomaand acute leukemias. In contrast, acute leukemias were the second commonest malignancy at OAUTHC accounting for 12.7% of all malignancies followed by retinoblastoma and nephroblastoma. Tumoursof central nervous system were observed to be commoner at AKTH, while bone tumours were commoner at OAUTHC.Conclusion: The pattern of childhood cancer varies rather little betweendifferent regions in Nigeria, with malignant lymphomas being the most common as is the case in most developing countries. However, the findings in this study suggest that there is variation in prevalence of leukemia, CNS and bone tumours in northern and southern Nigeria.Key words: Childhood, malignant tumours, pattern, teaching hospitals,Nigeria
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Goswami, Chirag Giri, Shalini Raj Kumawat, and Hardik Pandya. "Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding rubella vaccine among parents of children, 1-12 year." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 2508. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211783.
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Background: Rubella also known as German measles is a mild viral disease characterized by mild fever and maculopapular rash. During 2000-2018, measles vaccination prevented an estimated 23.2 million deaths. Routine measles vaccination for children combined with mass immunization campaigns in countries with high case and death rates, are key public health strategies to reduce global measles deaths. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding rubella vaccine among parents of children (1-12 year).Methods: Pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design. Total 60 parents were taken who have children (1-12 years); purposive sampling technique was used to select the parents. A structured knowledge questionnaire was prepared by the investigator. Informed consent was taken from each participant prior to data collection and Descriptive and inferential statistics i.e., frequency, percentage, paired’ test, chi-square test was used for analysis.Results: Pre-test knowledge score of parents regarding rubella vaccine revealed that 53.33% parents had inadequate knowledge, and 46.66% parents had moderately knowledge. After structured teaching programme, the posttest knowledge scores of parents shows that 13.33% parents had adequate knowledge, 83.33% parents had moderately adequate knowledge and 3.33% have inadequate knowledge.Conclusions: The structured teaching programme (STP) through flash cards, charts and roller board etc. found to be very effective in improving the knowledge among parents who have children (1-12 year) on rubella vaccine.
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Sharma, Chandra Madhur, Sanjay Gupta, Bindu Aggarwal, and Piyush Chaudhary. "Acute viral hepatitis in children: a prospective hospital based study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20203039.
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Background: Viral hepatitis is a major public health issue throughout the world affecting millions of children despite the availability of vaccines, prophylactic measures and improved sanitation. The objective of the study was to analyze the etiology, clinical features, laboratory parameters and sonological findings of Acute Viral Hepatitis in pediatric population.Methods: A total of 88 children admitted in paediatric department and gastroenterology unit of medicine department with confirmed acute viral hepatitis from June 2016 to July 2018 at tertiary health care teaching hospital of north India were included. The patients were divided in 3 age groups; 1-5, 6-10 and 11-18 years. Clinical features, laboratory parameters, ultrasound findings were compared in three age groups.Results: Out of 88 cases 48 were boys and 40 girls. In the present study hepatitis A was the most common (85.2%) etiology. Jaundice (90.9%) is the most common symptoms followed by dark colored urine (86.3%), loss of appetite (83.3%) and fever (68.2%) reported in this study. Icterus (90%) is the most common sign reported followed by hepatomegaly (86%). Out of 88 cases 4 cases died. Out of 4 deaths, 2 cases of hepatitis A and 2 cases positive for Hepatitis B. The cause of death was hepatic encephalopathy in both the cases.Conclusions: Majority of cases in children were hepatitis A cases. Most of the cases were aged above 5 years with slight male predominance. Those cases with elevated liver enzymes (SGOT >5000) and those with PT INR >3.5 at admission has higher mortality.
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Giri, Arun, Sunil Kumar Yadav, Vijay Sah, Niraj Niroula, and Binayak Singh. "Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome- Clinical Profile, Associations and Outcome in Critically ill Children Aged 1 Month to 14 Years Admitted to PICU in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital in Biratnagar." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v4i1.23936.
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Introduction: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), characterized by a progressive physiologic dysfunction involving two or more organ systems after an acute threat to systemic homeostasis, is not a rare entity among patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care units. Despite recent advances made in the medical technology and newer treatment strategies, large numbers of deaths in the PICU are attributable to MODS.
Objective: To describe the clinical profile of MODS among children admitted in PICU and to observe its associations and outcome.
Methodology: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted in PICU of Nobel medical college teaching hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from June 2017- May 2018. Children aged 1 month to 14 years admitted in the PICU with various medical and surgical illnesses were included in the study. All variables defining MODS and the data showing the presence or absence of sepsis were collected within 1 hour of admission (day 0) and then every day until transfer or discharge from PICU or until patient's death.
Results: Out of 150 admissions in the PICU, 103 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and were enrolled in the study. A total of 53 patients (51%) developed MODS at some time during their stay at PICU and 88.7% of them had it at the time of admission. Of 103 cases under study, 26 died (mortality rate = 25.2%) and 92.3% of deaths were attributable to MODS. Children with neurological involvement had the highest risk of death [odds ratio (OR), 19.8; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 4.37-90.30]. 75.5% of children with MODS had some sort of infection and 49% of them had sepsis. Conditions like SIRS, Sepsis, Severe sepsis, Septic shock and ARDS in the study patients were found significantly associated with MODS.
Conclusion: A MODS is a common clinical entity among patients admitted to the PICU and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. In children, MODS usually seem to develop early and in a simultaneous way. In developing countries like ours, morbidity and mortality associated with MODS in the PICUs is higher than that in the developed countries. Prevalence of sepsis in children with or without MODS is greater in the developing countries. Sepsis is further responsible for larger number of deaths in PICU.
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Talabi, Ademola Olusegun, Olugbenga Olalekan Ojo, Olurotimi Idowu Aaron, Oludayo Adedapo Sowande, Folayemi Aramide Faponle, and Olusanya Adejuyigbe. "Perioperative mortality in children in a tertiary teaching hospital in Nigeria: a prospective study." World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 4, no. 1 (March 2021): e000237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/wjps-2020-000237.
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BackgroundPerioperative mortality is one of the tools that can help to assess the adequacy of healthcare delivery in a nation. This audit was conducted to determine the 24-hour, 7-day and 30-day perioperative mortality rates and the predictors of mortality in a pediatric surgical cohort.MethodsThis was a prospective study of children whose ages ranged from a few hours to 15 years and who were operated on between May 2019 and April 2020. The primary outcome was to determine the incidence of in-hospital perioperative mortality.ResultsA total of 530 procedures were done in 502 children. Their ages ranged from a few hours to 15 years with a median of 36 months. The 24-hour, 7-day and 30-day mortality rates were 113.2 per 10 000 procedures [95% confidence interval (CI) =40 to 210], 207.6 per 10 000 procedures (95% CI=110 to 320) and 320.8 per 10 000 procedures (95% CI=190 to 470), respectively. Congenital anomalies complicated by postoperative sepsis contributed to death in the majority of cases. The predictors of mortality were neonatal age group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=19.92, 95% CI=2.32 to 170.37, p=0.006], higher American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status III and above (AOR=21.6, 95% CI=3.05 to 152.91, p=0.002), emergency surgery (AOR=17.1, 95% CI=5.21 to 60.27, p=0.001), congenital anomalies (AOR=12.7, 95% CI=3.37 to 47.52, p=0.001), and multiple surgical procedures (AOR=9.7, 95% CI=2.79 to 33.54, p=0.001).ConclusionPerioperative mortality remains high in our institution.
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Ndu, Ikenna Kingsley, Ugo Nnenna Chikani, Benedict Onyeka Edelu, Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam, Adaobi Ijeoma Bisi-Onyemaechi, Uchenna Ekwochi, Isaac Nwabueze Asinobi, and Uchenna Ekwochi. "Prevalence and Pattern of Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Children an Enugu, Southeast Nigeria: a 10 Year Retrospective Study." Tropical Health and Medical Research 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35916/thmr.v3i1.21.
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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most severe complication in pediatric cases of type 1 diabetes and also the leading cause of death in these children. There is a broad geographic variation in the frequency of DKA at the onset of diabetes. This study sought to determine DKA's prevalence and pattern in Enugu and review the treatment and outcome over ten years. This retrospective study conduct in the Children Emergency Rooms (CHER) of the two tertiary institutions in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria: Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) and the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH). The biochemical criteria for the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) base on the presence of hyperglycemia (blood glucose > 11 mmol/L), acidosis (serum bicarbonate < 15 mmol/L), and ketonuria (urine ketone ?1+). A total of 16,488 children were admitted during the ten years, of which 21 children presented with DKA, representing a prevalence of 0.13%. Six (28.6%) of the patients were newly diagnosed diabetics, while fifteen (71.4%) known diabetics, of which 9 (60%) were presenting with DKA for the first time. A total of two patients died, giving a mortality rate of 9.5%. The rest treated and discharged. The total hospitalization duration ranged from 1–31 days, with a mean duration of 13.3 ± 7.5 days. This study has revealed some of the challenges with the management of children with DKA and the unacceptably high mortality rate.
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Ahmmad, Be Nazir, Fazlur Rahman, Naznin Parvin, Md Shamsul Alam, Shitangshu Banerjee, and Md Belal Uddin. "Disease Profile and Death Pattern among the Children Admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 34, no. 1 (July 19, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v34i1.54906.
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Background: Rajshahi medical college hospital is a tertiary care teaching and referral center in the North-West part of Bangladesh. To assess the epidemiological trend in hospital admission, including morbidity and mortality pattern of illness in the pediatric population, it needs to develop effective health care planning, appropriate resource allocation, and integration of existing health care service facilities.
Objective: To evaluate the diseases and deaths of children admitted in the department of pediatrics, Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study. The collected case records of all patients admitted in the department of pediatrics from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019 (3 years) were analyzed. Result: A total of 62000 children were admitted during the mentioned study period. All the patients were distributed into three age groups infant, under five, and more than five, contributing 22%, 27.5%, and 19%, respectively. Acute watery diarrhea (21%), hereditary hemolytic anemia (18%), bronchopneumonia (10.4%), acute gastritis (9.4%), and acute bronchiolitis and wheezy child (7.17%) were the top five diseases in each of the three years of admission. Among the total admitted patients, 1003 (1.61%) patients died. Infant, under five, and more than five age groups constitute 61.3%, 28.1%, and 15.1%, respectively. Encephalitis and fulminant hepatic failure found the top two diseases causing death with a case fatality rate was 61% and 43%, respectively. The next highest case fatality rate was found in acute leukemia (15%). Other common causes of death include meningitis, cerebral palsy with complications (7.5%), bronchopneumonia with complications (3.8%).
Conclusion: An admission-related comprehensive evaluation of this study will help to understand the diseases and death patterns of a hospital, leading to the development of more effective planning and case management strategies.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 55-62
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Muthukumaran, Anjalatchi. "A study to assess the effectiveness of structure teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection among mothers of under five children in selected hospital, Lucknow." Journal of Education Technology in Health Sciences 9, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jeths.2022.010.
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Acute upper respiratory tract infection is responsible for 20 to 30% of death during under 5 age and mortality rate is 40% in India. Every day, millions of parents seek health care for their sick children, taking them to hospital, health centers, pharmacists, doctors and traditional healer. Each year more than 10 million children die before they reach their 5th birthday. Hence, the study "A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection among mothers of under five children in selected hospital, Lucknow" was undertaken by the research.Pre-experimental one group pre test post test design approach was used to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection among mothers of under five children in selected hospital, Lucknow" in view of the nature of the problem and objectives of the study a structured interview questionnaire, non- observational checklist and structured teaching program was developed focusing on prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection. Validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in the field of nursing, medicine and statistics Reliability of the tool was tested by test retest method and found to be highly reliable with a score of 0.86. The study was carried out in Paediatric ward of Era's Lucknow Medical College & hospital, 60 mothers of under five children were selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. Structured interview questionnaires and Non observational checklist were used to collect needed data followed by that structured teaching Program on prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection was administered on the same day. Post test was administered after seven days. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
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Kitila, Firaol Lemessa, Rahel Milkias Petros, Gebi Hussein Jima, Tewodros Desalegn, Abebe Sorsa, Isaac Yaw Massey, Chengcheng Zhang, and Fei Yang. "Under-five mortality and associated factors in southeastern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): e0257045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257045.
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Background In the year 2019, around 5 million children under age five died and most of the deaths happened in developing countries. Though large numbers of deaths are reported in such countries, limited availability of data poses a substantial challenge on generating reliable estimates. Hence, this study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with under-five mortality in southeastern Ethiopia. Methods A register based cross sectional study was conducted from 1st September 2014 to July 2019 in Asella teaching and referral hospital. A total of 4901 under-five age children registered on the admission and discharge book of pediatric ward with complete information were included for the analysis. Data entry and analysis were conducted using Epidata Version 7 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the characteristics of the study participants and their condition at discharge. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with its 95% Confidence interval and P-value less than 5% was used to decide the statistically significant association. Results The prevalence of under-five mortality among admitted children in Asella Teaching and Referral hospital was 8.7% (95% CI 7.91–9.50%). Post-Neonatal and Child mortality were found to be 9.1% and 8.18%, respectively. Moreover, large numbers of death (45.2%) were seen within the first 2 days of admission. Address (AOR:1.4(1.08–1.81)), HIV status (AOR:4.64 (2.19–9.8)), severe acute malnutrition (AOR:2.82 (2.03–3.91)), hypovolemic shock (AOR:4.32 (2.31–8.1)), type I diabetes with DKA (AOR:3.53(1.34–9.29) and length of stay in the hospital for ≤2 days (AOR: 4.28 (3.09–5.95)) as well as 3–4 days (AOR: 1.48 (1.02–2.15)) were among the identified predictors. Conclusions Though childhood mortality is swiftly decreasing, and access and utilization of health care is improving in Ethiopia, our study found large prevalence of under-five mortality, 8.7% and higher number of deaths in early days of admission. Improving the quality of service has a paramount importance in reducing the mortality and managing associated factors contributing to under-five mortality among admitted children.
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Ochoga, M. O., R. O. Abah, A. Idoko, J. O. Dabit, A. Ebonyi, and E. S. Okpe. "Pattern of Diseases and Outcomes of Neonatal Admission in Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 1, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.37.
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The burden of neonatal morbidity and mortality remains a major health challenge, and contributes to deaths among children under the age of five years especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was to report the pattern of diseases and outcomes of neonatal admission over a three-year period. This retrospective study was conducted in the Special Care Baby Unit from January 2013 to December 2015. Data of all the patients admitted to the unit during the study period was analyzed for sex, gestational age, weight, duration of stay, diagnosis on admission, age at admission, outcome and causes of death. A total of 505 patients were admitted during the study period, 310(61.4%) were males and 195(38.6%) were females. There were 374(74.1%) term babies while 111(22.0%) preterm and 20(4.0%) were post term. Low birth weight accounted for 134(30.5%) of all the patients. The commonest cause of neonatal admission was sepsis 40.8%, followed by jaundice 21.0 %, and prematurity 14.1 %. Of the total admissions 86.3% were successfully treated and discharged, 4.2% discharged against medical advice and 9.5 % died. Neonatal deaths were commonly associated with birth asphyxia 31.3 %, followed by neonatal sepsis 27.1% and prematurity 25.0%. Majority (44.6%) of the infants were admitted on the second to seventh day of life. Improving antenatal services, delivery services and neonatal care will help to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.
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N., Rajasekar, Kireesh Kumar M., Sowndarya M., Dhanapal C. K., and Ramanathan R. "Usage of antibiotics and monitoring of drug interactions in pediatrics at a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 1828. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20214154.
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Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are more common in pediatrics. Especially in developing countries like India, RTI causes more death in children. Antibiotics are used to treat RTI even in case of viral infections. Hence rational use of antibiotics is very much needed to avoid antibiotic resistance. In this study we have analysed the prescribing pattern of antibiotics and their drug interactions involved in the management of respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of pediatrics at a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 6 months (November 2019-April 2020). A total of 144 patients were included in the study and their prescription was analysed for their antibiotic prescribing pattern and interactions.Results: Infants were more prone to RTI infections. Among RTI, lower RTI were more common in children. We have analysed prescribing pattern of antibiotics in which, mono antibiotic therapy were more commonly used. Ampicillin was the frequently prescribed antibiotic. Azithromycin had the most possible interactions among the antibiotics prescribed.Conclusions: More than 336 antibiotics were used for all types of RTI, even in the case of viral infections. So rational use of antibiotics is needed. Among 144 children who were enrolled in the study, none of them were subjected to culture sensitivity test. As of which, all of them were treated empirically. Penicillin and cephalosporin are the mostly prescribed antibiotics in RTI. Cephalosporin prescribed children had less hospital stay and hardly interactions were found.
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Putri Ramadhani, Rizki, Fendy Yogha Pratama, and Fatah Nasikh Aryawan. "Teaching The Indonesian Language As A Heritage Language For Diaspora Children." SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v10i2.117419.
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Indonesian diaspora children have different characteristics compared to foreign students in general. They have acquired Indonesian naturally in their families. This background makes them included in the category of learners of Indonesian as a heritage language. The teaching of Indonesian that is done to them also has special characteristics. Therefore, this study specifically focuses on the characteristics of teaching Indonesian as a heritage language for diaspora children by using a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. The data obtained through in-depth interviews with three teachers were then codified and analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the teaching in the Indonesian language as a heritage language class for these children has four characteristics. First, the teaching uses the total physical response (TPR) method. Second, it focuses on teaching daily vocabulary. Third, it focuses on teaching daily language skills. Fourth, teaching is assisted by the role of parents. Suggestions and recommendations from the results of this study are intended for Indonesian language teachers and researchers. Researchers should research more about the role of parents in learning Indonesian for diaspora children in the family. For Indonesian language teachers, it is recommended to focus on teaching daily vocabulary in everyday contexts using the TPR method.Keywords: heritage language, young learners, Indonesian diaspora, Indonesian language teaching
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Saadallah, Omed S., and Gulistan A. Saido. "Knowledge and Practices of Mothers about Diarrhea in Children Under Three Years Old in Heevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Duhok City." Polytechnic Journal 11, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v11n1y2021.pp52-57.
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Background and Objectives: Diarrheal disease is the second important reason of death in children under 5 years old and is responsible for killing around 760,000 children every year. Diarrhea can last for several days and it can leave the body without the water and salts that are necessary for survival. Most people who die from diarrhea actually die from severe dehydration and fluid loss. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between mother’s knowledge and their practice about diarrhea in children <3 years old. Research Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 children with diarrheal episodes attending inpatient word. A set of questionnaires from previous studies was adopted and modified to assess the relationship between mother’s knowledge and their practice about diarrhea in children less than 3 years old in Heevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Duhok City. Results: More than half of participants (68%) had poor knowledge, though; the 32% had good knowledge. In terms of mother’s practice, most of the participants (64%) had poor mother practice; whereas, only 36% were good mother practice. However, there was a negative correlation between mother knowledge and mother practice (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that due to lack of knowledge and poor practice about management of diarrhea the children were suffering from many complications. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurse educators have a significant role in providing health education to mothers about diarrhea in children.
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Soleimanpour, Hassan, Neda Gilani, Shima Shekari, Javad Morsali, and Kavous Shahsavarinia. "Causes of Mortality Among Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital." Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine 8, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.8n.4p.12.
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Introduction: The analysis of causes of death in the hospital and identification and dealing with the causes of death, in one of the best strategies to increase longevity. This study, with the aim of better understanding of the causes of death and by taking into account all hospital wards, describes the causes of hospital mortality occurred in Sina educational and clinical hospital of Tabriz, in order to investigate demographic ,clinical and cause of death variables for each disease separately. Method: This study is done by the sectional descriptive method in 2018 in Sina educational and clinical hospital of Tabriz. This hospital is the most important center for admissions of poisoning and burns in the North West of Iran. For this purpose, after obtaining a license, records of all patients who are admitted to hospital since 21 March 2018 until 19 March 2019, were extracted from the archives center in an elective and emergency form. Demographic and clinical variables were extracted from records and recorded in the questionnaire. The sample in counting the mortality occurred during one year was 626 cases according to documentations, that 88 cases were eliminated from study due to containing incomplete information. The data were analyzed by descriptive tests and SPSS18. Findings: The mortality rate in this study was 1%. 56.5% of those who died were male. Most deaths occurred among patients of over 75 years old. Among the under-15 age group the highest mortality rate were for burns. The most common causes of mortality, were, respectively, burns (19.33%), cancer (16.86%), and infectious disease (16.57%) .Most deaths occurred in the special wards. In 61%, chronic and underlying diseases are reported. Conclusion: Since this hospital is the largest and most important teaching hospitals for burns, in the province, the most common causes of death in this study are result of burns. The high percentage of deaths from burns in children and young people shows the importance of informing the dangers of burn for preventing the occurrence of burns and control its effects.
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Pikuza, O. I., N. K. Shoshina, and R. A. Faizullina. "To the centenary of the death of an outstanding russian pediatrician Petr Mikhailovich Argutinskiy-Dolgorukov." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 1 (February 15, 2012): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2168.
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In this article described were the main milestones of life of the founder of the pediatric school in Kazan - Professor P.M. Argutinskiy-Dolgoruky. He made great efforts to organize the teaching of pediatrics in Kazan University at the European level, was one of the founders of a new pediatric hospital on the Arskiy field in 1900. Professor P.M. Argutinskiy-Dolgorukov devoted his scientific career mainly to the study of infectious diseases. In Russia P.M. Argutinskiy-Dolgorukov was the founder of the studies of malaria in children. Progressive methods of diagnosis and treatment were introduced into the clinical practice under the guidance of the Professor, including such as the method of treatment of scarlet fever with the Moser serum, the study of measles, X-ray examinations at the patient’s bedside.
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Iftikhar, Nosheen, Imran Abbas, Shabir Ahmed, Waheed Ahmad, Nayyab Butt, and Allah Nawaz Sultan. "The Pattern of Acute Poisoning in Children in Chudary Mohammad Akram Teaching and Research Hospital Lahore." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 26, 2022): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22163154.
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Background: Acute poisoning is one of the identifiable cause of morbidity and death in children less than five years of age. The type of substance taken and prevalence vary from place to place and over time. Aim: To assess the frequency and pattern of acute poisoning in children in Chaudhry Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research Hospital, Lahore. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Pediatrics Emergency of Chaudhry Muhammad Akram Hospital from July 2017 to June 2019 (2 year). All cases of acute poisoning in children that presented within that period were reviewed and important information extracted by retrieving data from hospital records and patients files. Results: One hundred children were referred to pediatrics emergency departments of Chaudhry Muhammad Akram Hospital due to acute poisoning. 55(55%) were between 2-5 year of age group, 27(27%) were between 6-10 year of age group and 18(18%) were between 11-14 year old. 60(60%) were male and 40(40%) were female. There was Ingestion of poison in 97(97%) and 3 (3%) had poisoning through skin contamination. The most common poisoning agent was Corrosive 71(71 %), followed by Hydrocarbon 11(11%), Drugs 9(9%), Agrochemical 7(7%), Plants and Insect poisoning 1(1%) respectively. Conclusion: Acute poisoning is a significant cause of morbidity among children in developing countries. Acute poisoning is common in Pakistan, with appreciable mortality, Bleach being the most common agent now a days. Keywords: Acute, Poisoning, Emergency, Children, Corrosives
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Iddrisu, Abdul-Karim, Abukari Alhassan, and Nafiu Amidu. "Survival Analysis of Birth Defect Infants and Children with Pneumonia Mortality in Ghana." Advances in Public Health 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2856510.
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Despite the global decline in infant and child mortality rate, Ghana has failed to record any substantial improvement. In this study, we investigated the effects of some selected risk factors on infant and child survival in Ghana. This study used data from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. 295 infants and children were followed up and time to first occurrence of death was recorded for each infant and child. The life table and Kaplan-Meier methods and the Cox proportional model were used for statistical analyses. The log-rank test statistic was used to test for difference in the survival curves. The results showed that the risk of death among those with birth defects or pneumonia was relatively higher and there is statistically significant difference in the risk of dying between infants with birth defects and those with no birth defects. Also, there is statistically significant difference in the risk of death between children with pneumonia and those with no pneumonia. Our analyses showed that birth defects, preterm birth, accidents, and pregnancy complications are significant risk factors of infant survival. Also, pneumonia, preterm birth, accidents, and diarrhoea are significant risk factors of child survival. Maternal care services should be made available and accessible and mothers should be educated on the importance of maternal care services utilization in order to reduce or mitigate the risk of infant and child mortality. Also, initiating the immunization activities with PCV-13 and Rota-Virus Vaccines, which will reduce Pneumonia and diarrhoea and will improve survival of infants and children under five, should be encouraged or implemented.
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Yasin, Uzma, Saif Ullah Sheikh, and Sahar Hamid. "Effect of zinc in severe pneumonia in children of 6 months to 5 years in Allied Hospital, Faisalabad." Professional Medical Journal 26, no. 09 (September 10, 2019): 1409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.09.781.
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In Pakistan, pneumonia is very prevalent disease and major cause of death in pediatric age group. Objectives: Our objective is to see the effect of zinc supplementation in severe pneumonia. Study Design: Double blind controlled clinical trial. Setting: Tertiary Care Center of Teaching Hospital. Period: June 2015 to November 2015. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in tertiary care center of teaching hospital children with age group of “06 month to 05 years” diagnosed as case of severe pneumonia. They were randomly assigned to receive conventional treatment and supplementation with zinc (group A) and conventional treatment (group B) alone. They received 20mg of elemental zinc from first day of treatment along with conventional treatment. The characteristics like symptoms at admission and variable like age sex were not statistically different in both age groups. Result: The group who received zinc and conventional treatment showed significant decrease in duration of symptoms and duration of hospitalization. Conclusion: This study shows that administration of zinc along with antibiotics can fasten the healing and recovery of pneumonia. We suggest addition of zinc in treatment of pneumonia.
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Ugwu, GIM, BO Okperi, and UCO Chinemelu. "Pattern and Outcome of Presentation at the Children Emergency Unit of a Tertiary Institution in The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A One Year Prospective Study." Journal of Medicine 13, no. 2 (November 26, 2012): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12753.
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Background : Children emergency unit is a very important in hospitals offering paediatric services. Most of the studies done in Nigeria have been retrospective which most times do not capture the total picture of presentations as some are lost due to poor record keeping. Aim : To determine the true pattern and outcome of presentations at the children emergency unit in our hospital through a prospective study. Materials and Method : All presentations at the children emergency unit of Delta State University Teaching Hospital Oghara since its inception in December 2010 till November 2011 were recorded and all the information about each patient from the biodata to the outcome of each presentation were analysed. Result : A total of five hundred and twenty patients were seen within this period. Non- emergency patients represented 10.2%. There was a male preponderance, and over 90% were five years and below. Malaria was the commonest presentation at 16.7% followed by acute respiratory infections at 14.4%. Mortality was 2.3% with meningitis and severe anaemia each accounting for 33.3%. 66.7% of the total deaths were in infants. Discussion : Malaria is the commonest presentation. Over 10% were cold cases. Triaging will reduce mortality as this will give the emergency physician undistracted attention to more serious patients. Death in infancy still represents the highest contributor to the over- all mortality. Conclusion : Presentation at the children emergency unit has largely remained the same over the years. However prospective studies should always be done to establish true picture of presentation at children emergency units and efforts to select truly emergency patients will help in rendering better services. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12753 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 170-173
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Oginni, F. O., J. A. Akinwande, O. O. Fagade, G. F. Arole, and S. A. Odusanya. "Facial Dog Bites in Southwestern Nigerian Children: An Analysis of Eight Cases." Tropical Doctor 32, no. 4 (October 2002): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550203200423.
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This paper analyses the prevalence, pattern and treatment outcome of eight cases of facial dog bite in Nigerian children seen and managed at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital's Complex, a tertiary hospital located in Southwestern Nigeria. During the study period of 18 months (July 1996–December 1997), a total of 174 cases of facial soft tissue injuries in children were managed, two of which resulted in rabies and death of the patients. Based on the findings of this analysis, we suggest that unprovoked facial dog bites inflicted by familiar domestic dogs may be complicated by rabies. Ignorance about the risk of uncompleted treatment, financial constraints and scarcity of the vaccine may be implicated in the outcome. The need to improve community knowledge of rabies and the availability and affordability of rabies vaccine are highlighted.
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., Sujata, Rohitash Kumar, and Reema Kumari. "Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding acute respiratory tract infections among mothers of under five children in selected rural area." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220689.
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Background: Acute respiratory tract infections cause the death of 4 million children under the age of 5 (annually). The factors of acute respiratory tract infections can be grouped into two categories, namely host and environment. Host includes factors such as malnutrition, immunization status, vitamin A deficiency, absence of breast-feeding, low birth weight and young age.Methods: Quasi experimental one group pre-test-post-test research design was adopted to conduct the study among 45 mothers of under five children residing in Mati, Rural area of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, who matched the inclusion criteria were selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. On first day one pre-test followed by structured teaching programme was conducted and after seventh day post-test was taken. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The results revealed that the mean post-test knowledge score was higher than mean pre-test knowledge score with standard deviation 15.31±1.84 and 7.06±1.25 respectively. The improvement of knowledge score is the mean difference of 8.25 which shows that there was a significant change in knowledge level of mothers of under five children.Conclusions: The study concluded that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving the level of knowledge regarding acute respiratory tract infections among mothers of under five children.
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Harrison, Julianne, Elana Evan, Amy Hughes, Shahram Yazdani, Myke Federman, and Rick Harrison. "Understanding communication among health care professionals regarding death and dying in pediatrics." Palliative and Supportive Care 12, no. 5 (August 6, 2013): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951513000229.
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AbstractObjective:Effective communication regarding death and dying in pediatrics is a vital component of any quality palliative care service. The goal of the current study is to understand communication among health care professionals regarding death and dying in children. The three hypotheses tested were: (1) hospital staff (physicians of all disciplines, nurses, and psychosocial clinicians) that utilize consultation services are more comfortable communicating about death and dying than those who do not use such services, (2) different disciplines of health care providers demonstrate varying levels of comfort communicating about a range of areas pertaining to death and dying, and (3) health care staff that have had some type of formal training in death and dying are more comfortable communicating about these issues.Methods:A primary analysis of a survey conducted in a tertiary care teaching children's hospital.Results:Health care professionals who felt comfortable discussing options for end of life care with colleagues also felt more comfortable: initiating a discussion regarding a child's impending death with his/her family (r = 0.42), discussing options for terminal care with a family (r = 0.58), discussing death with families from a variety of ethnic/cultural backgrounds (r = 0.51), guiding parents in developmentally age-appropriate discussions of death with their children (r = 0.43), identifying and seeking advice from a professional role model regarding management concerns (r = 0.40), or interacting with a family following the death of a child (r = 0.51). Among all three disciplines, physicians were more likely to initiate discussions with regards to a child's impending death (F = 13.07; p = 0.007). Health care professionals that received formal grief and bereavement training were more comfortable discussing death.Significance of the results:The results demonstrated that consultation practices are associated with a higher level of comfort in discussing death and dying in pediatrics.
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Kusumantoro, Agus Suman, Sri Umi Mintarti Widjaja, and Hari Wahyono. "SUCCESSION PROCESS IN THE FAMILY BUSINESS: A CASE STUDY OF PEKALONGANESE BATIK CLOTH ENTERPRISES, INDONESIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 2 (March 15, 2020): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8217.
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Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to explain the role of parents in teaching business management to their children from an early age for the success of family business succession.
Methodology: It was a qualitative study and data were collected by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The focus of this study was the succession process of the PekalonganBatik business analyzed from the entrepreneurial learning perspective. Interview questions focused on entrepreneurial learning and how parents teaching business management. Interviews conducted into 6 Informants. Each interview took between 35 – 45 minutes.
Main Finding: The results of this study showed that parents usually introduced business management to their children from an early age. They made their children involved in the business to know about the planning, producing and marketing of Batik cloths. The indicators of giving entrepreneurial learning to children are involving them in business activities; they learned to manage the business by doing those activities at their parents’business.
Implications/Applications: This study can be useful for another batik enterprises center to guidelines for succession.
Novelty/Originality: This research was to explore the parents to involve their children from an early age to help manage businesses in preparation for business succession.
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Godfrey, Sango Mesheck. "Challenges Impacting Community Participation and Their Effect on Teaching and Learning: a Case Study of Rural Areas." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 25 (September 30, 2016): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n25p345.
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This study sought to investigate challenges impacting community participation in schools and their effect on quality of education. The study was carried out in a qualitative paradigm in which a case study facilitated access to in-depth feelings, views, and opinions of community members and educators regarding their participation in providing education. Data were generated through focus group discussions with parents of children in the schools, community members without children in the schools, School Development Committee (SDC) members, and the teachers. In addition, data were generated through in-depth interviews with community leaders and school heads, observation as well as analysis of school documents such as minutes of SDC meetings, staff meetings, financial records, and children’s progress records. Data were transcribed and analysed manually through the cut and paste technique. The study found out that communities were involved in providing primary education through preparing children for school by providing food, school uniforms and stationery. Parents were also involved in children’s homework, as well as monitoring teacher and children’s attendance. In addition, parents were involved in preparing schools for children through providing labour and materials for constructing classrooms. Further, parents financed school budgets, and were involved in school governance. Challenges impacting community participation were centred on parents’ low standard of living, community attitude towards education, family income level, and school-community relations. Impact of community participation on teaching and learning included the following: hungry learners, narrow curriculum, unmotivated teachers, high rate of absenteeism and drop out, as well as ineffective school administration. The study recommended development and implementation of strategies for uplifting community standard of living through increasing family income levels and availability of food. The study, further recommends government policy on parent orientation on school processes and school based study sessions for parents and school children respectively. Government policies that prohibits the practice of sending away of children from school for non payment of levies should be reinforced.
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Authman Hreeth, Dr Munaf, Dr Ahmed Nadher Kareem, and Dr Sabah Noori Rashid. "Morphological classification and treatment outcomes of children with AML during four years." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 05 (May 22, 2021): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05169.
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Acute myeloid leukemia comprises only 15% to 20% of acute leukemia in children. It remains a challenging disease with an inferior treatment outcome in comparison with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). This study aimed to document the morphological classification and treatment outcomes of children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia treated in the Child’s Central Teaching Hospital (CCTH) in Baghdad / Iraq. This retrospective study was conducted at CCTH in Baghdad, during the period from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2012 on 49 cases who were diagnosed as AML. Down syndrome (DS) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), with undifferentiated leukemia were excluded from this study. The average age of presentation was 5 years, and the median duration of symptoms was 4 weeks, with male (M): female (F) ratio = 1.13:1. It can be concluded that there was slight male predominance. The most common French-American-British (FAB) subtype was M2 38.8%. From the total number of patients who received treatment n= 38/49 (77.5%), death rate was n= 27/38 (71%), the main cause of death was infection followed by bleeding, while lost to follow-up (during any period after started treatment) was n= 6/38 (16%). Only five {n= 5/38(13%)} patients were still alive to the end of the study and those are in continuous complete remission one (CCR1). It can be concluded that AML-M2 was the most common subtype, and the overall survival was much low and seems to be unlikely to increase without good supportive care and using of more intensification therapy.
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Bart, Orit, Noomi Katz, Patrice L. Weiss, and Naomi Josman. "Street Crossing by Typically Developed Children in Real and Virtual Environments." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 28, no. 2 (March 2008): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20080301-01.
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Independent street crossing is a necessary skill for children to have so they can engage in different occupations and complete tasks such as arriving at school or after-school activities. Without the appropriate opportunities to practice and master street crossing, children's participation will be incomplete and they will not be able to attain their physical, emotional, and intellectual potentials. Training children in safe street crossing is especially important because pedestrian injury is the second leading cause of death and serious injury among children between 5 and 14 years old. The existing methods for teaching children how to cross a street safely are difficult to transfer to real-life situations. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a virtual reality environment in teaching children how to cross a street safely. Eighty-six typical children (55 girls and 31 boys) between 7 and 12 years old participated in the study. The children who failed the virtual reality test were randomly assigned to training and control groups. The children were observed while crossing a real street and tested within the virtual environment both before and after the virtual reality training. Results indicate that children in the training group significantly improved their street crossing abilities in both the virtual reality simulation and the real street crossing in comparison to the control group. Street crossing became safer with increasing age, but no differences were found between boys and girls. This low-cost and readily available street crossing simulation had a positive effect on children's street crossing behavior in the real environment and on their self-reported satisfaction. These results provide support for the potential of training in a virtual street crossing simulation to transfer to actual street crossing.
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Al-Doori, Taghreed Fadhil, Abd El-Salam Dawood Al-Ethawi, Jessar Saleem Hasan, and Ban Adil Al-Kaaby. "Towards cardiovascular risks in children with chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study." F1000Research 7 (November 15, 2018): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15883.1.
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Background:Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at substantially high risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although this issue has been extensively studied in adults, little is known whether similar associations exist in the paediatric population. We therefore aimed to evaluate the cardiac structure and function in children with CKD, and investigate the factors that contribute to the development of CVD.Methods:A prospective cohort was established following 40 children with CKD treated in the nephrology unit at a high-volume, tertiary, teaching hospital and compared to age- and gender-matched controls of the same number. We reviewed the patients’ medical records, assessed growth parameters, measured blood pressure, took blood samples, and performed echocardiography.Results:More than half of the CKD patients are hypertensive (N = 22; 55%) and were found to have a higher proportion of increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (75.5%; P = 0.001). In contrast, we did not find any significant association between CKD and both valvular calcification & left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening (FS) in children (P = 0.314). Furthermore, high LVMI is found to be correlated well with the following: anaemia, hypertension, CKD duration > one year, hyperparathyroidism, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 15ml/minute/1.73 m2and death (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Despite the fact that LV systolic function is preserved and valvular calcification is usually absent, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in children with CKD. Hypertension, anaemia, hyperparathyroidism, as well as the severity and duration of renal impairment, are amongst the additional risk factors that predispose to LVH. We contribute this study to the growing information of the review articles regarding the association between CKD and CVD in paediatrics.
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Osifo, Osarumwense David, Theophilus Osasumwen Osagie, and Pius Ehiawaguan Iribhogbe. "Pediatric Road Traffic Accident Deaths Presenting to a Nigerian Referral Center." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 2 (April 2012): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000465.
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AbstractIntroductionRoad traffic accident (RTA) is a common cause of pediatric trauma death and disability, constituting a worldwide loss of financial resources and potential manpower. This study was designed to determine the causes, prehospital care, presentation, and injuries that resulted in deaths among pediatric victims of RTA in Nigeria, and to make suggestions, based on the study data, to reduce RTA deaths.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of pediatric RTA presenting to a Nigerian referral center. The records of all pediatric RTA between January 2006 and December 2010 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital were analyzed for age, gender, causes of death, injury, rescue team prehospital treatment, injury to hospital arrival time, clinical condition on arrival, treatment, duration of hospitalization before death, challenges, and postmortem findings.ResultsTwenty-six (18%) of 143 pediatric RTA, comprising 18 males and 8 females, between less than one and 18 (mean 9.3 ± 5.2) years of age died. There was no significant statistical demographic difference observed when 15 (58%) deaths recorded among 67 (46.9%) children involved in motor vehicle accidents were compared with 11 (42%) involved in 76 (53.1%) motorcycle accidents (P = .31). More severe injuries resulting in the majority of deaths were associated with alcohol intoxication (P < .0001). Fourteen (54%) of the deaths were pedestrians, eight of whom were selling wares on the roadside; six were crossing roads that had no traffic signs or traffic control. Of the eight vehicle passengers who died, only two wore seat belts or used pediatric car seats, with no statistical significance compared to those who did not use seat belts or car seats (P = .37). Four of 14 front seat passengers and four of 32 rear seat passengers died (P = .222). Of motorcycle passengers, none of those who wore protective crash helmets died, while four died who were not wearing helmets. Passers-by and sympathizers served as rescuers provided emergency treatment, and presented the victims between one hour and four days after the accidents. Head injury in 14 (54%) cases was the most common cause of death.ConclusionPediatric RTA deaths in this study were due mainly to preventable causes. There is a need to stress road safety education to children, drivers, the general public and government policy formulators, and to adopt RTA preventive measures in this region of Nigeria.Osifo OD, Osagie TO, Iribhogbe PE. Pediatric road traffic accident deaths presenting to a Nigerian referral center. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(2):1-6.
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I., Jalo, Isaac E. Warnow, Aliu R., and Hassan K. Shina. "Burden, clinical manifestation and outcome of severe malaria in children at a tertiary hospital in Northeast, Nigeria." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20203158.
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Background: Severe malaria is a life-threatening medical emergency and requires prompt and effective treatment to prevent death. The presentation of severe malaria varies depending on such factors as country, age, immunity, socioeconomic factors, drug resistance and type of intervention measures used. The aim of this study is to document the burden and forms of severe malaria in children in this region. Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical manifestation and outcome of children with severe malaria in Federal Teaching Hospital, GombeMethods: Case notes of patients admitted to the emergency Paediatric Unit and paediatric medical ward of Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe with severe malaria from January 2014 to December 2018 (5years) were reviewed. Information sought included age, gender, use of ITN, parents’ education and occupation, criteria for diagnosis, treatment and outcome.Results: A total of 2,808 children were admitted during the period of study, out of these 237 (8.4%) had severe malaria. There were 140 (59.1%) male and 97 (40.9%) female with M: F of 1.4:1. Majority 129 (54.4%) of patients were aged more than 5 years. The most frequent modes of presentation were multiple convulsions 124 (52.3%), cerebral malaria 97 (40.9%) and severe anaemia 61 (25.7%). Some 45 (19.0%) of the subjects presented with multiple diagnostic criteria. Multiple convulsions, cerebral malaria and severe anaemia were significantly related to likelihood of mortality.Conclusions: The prevalence of severe malaria is high and multiple convulsions, cerebral malaria and severe anaemia are significantly associated with risk of mortality.
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Samuel Chidi Ekpemo. "Complicated appendicitis in Children in Aba, Nigeria." Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijmhs.v9i11.2732.
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Introduction: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal emergencies globally. Etiologyremains poorly understood with few advances over the past decades. Obtaining a confident pre-operativediagnosis remains a challenge, as appendicitis must be entertained in any patient presenting with an acuteabdomen. A clinical classification is used to stratify management based on simple (non-perforated) andcomplex (gangrenous or perforated) inflammation, although many patients remain with an equivocaldiagnosis, which remains one of the most challenging dilemmas. The aim of the study is to evaluate themanagement and outcome of complicated appendicitis at the Abia State University Teaching HospitalAba Nigeria. Methodology: A prospective analysis of all children treated for appendicitis at the AbiaState University Teaching Hospital Aba between 2016 and December 2018. Proforma was opened fordemographic data, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, complication and outcome. Results: A totalof 100 children aged between 2 and 15 (mean 8.7 ± 2.8) years, comprising 60males and 40 females withmale/female ratio 3:2 had appendectomy which accounted for 8% of total pediatric operations and 40% ofpediatric abdominal operations. Only 40 (40%) children presented during the first episode of symptomsand in clinically stable state while 60 (60%) were referred after wrong diagnosis and treatment by generalpractitioners which resulted in different complications ranging from appendix abscess 10 (10%), appendixmass 15 (15%), perforated appendix 30 (30%), gangrenous appendix 5 (5%) . These influenced postoperative outcome with wound infection recorded in 20 (20%), wound break down 10 (10%), septicemia15 (15%), pelvic abscess 5 (5%) and death 1 (1%). These were not recorded among those who presentedearly who also had significantly lower duration of hospitalization and cost of treatment. Conclusion: Latereferral due to paucity of knowledge, long referral chain and low index of suspicion was rampant whichsignificantly increased associated morbidities and mortality among children managed with appendicitisKeywords: Appendicitis, children, complicated
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Patra, Bijoy, Manju Nimesh, Parasdeep Kaur, Sumantha Patil, Hema Gupta, Saria Jilowa, and Dheeraj Bahl. "Morbidity, mortality and clinico-laboratory profile of COVID-19 related illness in children: a retrospective observational study from a tertiary care centre in India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20215044.
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Background: As India is poised for a third wave of SARS Co-V2 infection with a large unvaccinated pediatric population, it becomes imperative and pertinent for a study to find out its demographic, clinico-laboratory profile, and outcome in children with COVID-19 disease and its related illness.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study undertaken for Children and Adolescent admitted in the department of pediatrics of a teaching and tertiary care referral hospital, Delhi.Results: The median age of admitted children with COVID-19 disease was 11 years with an interquartile range 3 to 16 years. The median duration of hospital stay was 10 days (mean: 18±14 days). Mortality was 9/62 (14%). Recovery in non-severe (asymptomatic, mild, moderate) was 41/41 (100%), and in severe and critical illness including MISC was 42.8% (9/21). Mortality in severe and critical patients managed in SARI and COVID ward was 44% (8/18). Death among MISC patient in PICU was 33% (1/3). Difference in CRP rise was significant in severe and non-severe group of COVID-19 (p=0.017).Conclusions: Even though the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection and related illness seems to be miniscule, the infection causes significant illness in the subgroup of children who requires hospitalization and can be fatal in those with comorbidity.
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Gill, Christopher J., Lawrence Mwananyanda, William B. MacLeod, Geoffrey Kwenda, Rachel C. Pieciak, Lauren Etter, Daniel Bridges, et al. "What is the prevalence of COVID-19 detection by PCR among deceased individuals in Lusaka, Zambia? A postmortem surveillance study." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e066763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066763.
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ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of COVID-19 postmortem setting in Lusaka, Zambia.DesignA systematic, postmortem prevalence study.SettingA busy, inner-city morgue in Lusaka.ParticipantsWe sampled a random subset of all decedents who transited the University Teaching Hospital morgue. We sampled the posterior nasopharynx of decedents using quantitative PCR. Prevalence was weighted to account for age-specific enrolment strategies.InterventionsNot applicable—this was an observational study.Primary outcomesPrevalence of COVID-19 detections by PCR. Results were stratified by setting (facility vs community deaths), age, demographics and geography and time.Secondary outcomesShifts in viral variants; causal inferences based on cycle threshold values and other features; antemortem testing rates.ResultsFrom 1118 decedents enrolled between January and June 2021, COVID-19 was detected among 32.0% (358/1116). Roughly four COVID-19+ community deaths occurred for every facility death. Antemortem testing occurred for 52.6% (302/574) of facility deaths but only 1.8% (10/544) of community deaths and overall, only ~10% of COVID-19+ deaths were identified in life. During peak transmission periods, COVID-19 was detected in ~90% of all deaths. We observed three waves of transmission that peaked in July 2020, January 2021 and ~June 2021: the AE.1 lineage and the Beta and Delta variants, respectively. PCR signals were strongest among those whose deaths were deemed ‘probably due to COVID-19’, and weakest among children, with an age-dependent increase in PCR signal intensity.ConclusionsCOVID-19 was common among deceased individuals in Lusaka. Antemortem testing was rarely done, and almost never for community deaths. Suspicion that COVID-19 was the cause of deaths was highest for those with a respiratory syndrome and lowest for individuals <19 years.
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Desy, Desy. "POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TUNGGAL DALAM MENDIDIK AGAMA (ISLAM) (STUDI KASUS DI DESA REJOSARI KECAMATAN KALIKAJAR KABUPATEN WONOSOBO)." Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 12, no. 1 (June 2, 2015): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2015.121-06.
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This study aims to assess parenting single parents in educating their children: parenting as what is given single parents in teaching religion to their children; what about the psychological impact of children treated as such. Subjects in this study were single parents whether caused due to divorce or death, as many as nine people consisting of three men and six women. The instrument of data collection using the questionnaire and observation sheet. Interviews were conducted to determine the type of parenting that given by single parents and observations conducted to observe the religious activities of children in following the activities of the landfill.The result showed that the majority (80%) of single parents using authoritarian parenting that emphasis on strict discipline without compromise, did not give a clear understanding in giving punishment to the child if the child makes a mistake, and often usea rough tone. The effect on children is that they often follow the activities of TPA (departing from the house to the landfill), but upon arrival at the landfill sometimes of them just playing around anyway (not the Koran), the children reasoned important he left home just for fun parents. They are not happy with the conditions at home because parents often scold even give physical punishment if they disobey his father or mother.
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R., Sandeep K., Divya Shettigar, and Suma Jayappa. "AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION PROGRAMME ON DENGUE AND ITS PREVENTION AMONG RURAL HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN, KARNATAKA, INDIA." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 01 (March 2014): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703743.
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Abstract: Introduction: Over the past 10-15 years, next to diarrheal disease and respiratory infection, dengue fever has become a leading cause of hospitalization and deaths among childrens. Today, dengue fever is considered one of the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases in humans in terms of morbidity and mortality. So researcher felt that is is vital that school childrens should possess knowledge on some vector born diseases especially dengue fever and its prevention. Method: In this study cross sectional descriptive survey was used. High school children were selected through probability simple random sampling. The data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The Planned-teaching programme was administered at the end of the pre-test. The post-test was carried out after 7 days, using the same tool as the pre-test. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16 and the results expressed as proportions Results: A total of 60 high school children were included in the study. Analysis of data revealed pre test knowledge score was 28.25%. Considering the level of knowledge of high school students, a planned teaching programme was administered. The post test knowledge score was 70.83%. Hence comparison in pre-test knowledge score and post-test percentage of dengue and its prevention was approximately 42.58%. A significant association between age and post test knowledge was found Conclusion: A significant number of high school children had poor knowledge.So researcher felt that awareness programmes regarding dengue fever and its prevention. should be emphasized.
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Ali, Siti Rahaimah, Anida Sarudin, Raja Noor Farah Azura, and Mohamad Zuria Farhana. "Gamifications: Lexical and trajectory image methods as cognitive intervention in numeracy." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22450.
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<span lang="EN-US">This paper describes a study with the goal of exposing children to gamification activities in teaching and learning numeracy based on the lexical method by implementing a trajectory image (image representator). Early childhood learning difficulties in understanding abstract and symbolic numerical concepts and procedures have been identified as an issue that needs to be addressed and acted as a starting point in the effort to shape the transformation of early childhood mathematics both in teaching and learning. Therefore, this study would like to inspect the role played by language as the medium used in translating the concept of numeracy whether it is applied contextually or in a variety of contexts. The respondents selected for this study were 10 teachers and 50 preschool children and a numeracy module instrument based on the numeracy comprehension level model framework (MPKN) was chosen and applied to students by using lexical and image methods called trajectory image or image representator. Findings have shown that the understanding of preschool children related to previous aspects of numeracy is still at level 1 and level 2. It clearly stated that children are still unable to grasp the concept of numeracy in detail. This study has introduced the MPKN and LexsMath gamification products that have successfully provided a clear understanding to children regarding the in-depth understanding of numeracy aspects from level 1 to level 4 and also have shed some light on more effective teaching methods that can be employed in the aspect of numeracy teaching and learning.</span>
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Gurumayum, Ms Dolly, and Dr Martha Martha. "A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF WORM INFESTATIONS AMONG MOTHER OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN AT SELECTED AREA OF MANIPUR." GENESIS 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47211/tg.2021.v08i02.015.
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Every human take birth and grown up by achieving many milestones in life and get died. During the process of life, the first few years of life are very crucial in terms of health as they are immature in physiological parameter and more prone for infection. Out of the sickness leading to death among young age worm invasion is one of the main sources of children mortality in non-industrial nations of jungles and subtropics. In India 22 stations are known to be endemic for worm invasion and 553 million individuals are in danger of contamination with 27 million parasites transporter. WHO announced that the general commonness of parasites was 91% trailed by Ascariasis (5.28%), Ancylostoma duodenae (37.6%). It is a typical medical issue in children. The helpless way of life incorporates inappropriate removal of fecal and different squanders, packing, unhygienic wellbeing practices and poor natural disinfection gives way for worm pervasion giving indication and manifestations like weight reduction, tingling at butt-centric zone, stomach torment, loose bowels, weakness, restlessness, crabbiness and fever.
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Bassey, Eno-Obong U., and Ekemini Nsikan Udo. "Childhood cancers in a tertiary facility in Southern Nigeria: a four-year update." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2022): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20221170.
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Background: Cancer is a global epidemic and leading cause of death for children and adolescents worldwide. Developing countries contribute an estimated 60-80% of the total burden of all new cancer cases worldwide. Data on the burden of childhood cancers across Nigeria varies from centre to centre and may well even vary in periodic reviews done in the same areas over a time lag. It was therefore important to have periodic reviews of the various cancer types seen or evolving in various geographical areas.Methods: A prospective hospital-based study, over a period of four years, from January 2016 to December 2019. Children admitted and diagnosed with cancers in the paediatric medical ward of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital were reviewed. This teaching hospital was one of the two tertiary health care facilities in the state and caters for children from different parts of the state and its environs.Results: The frequency distribution of each childhood cancer showed nephroblastoma as the predominant cancer seen, 12 (23.1%), followed by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 6 (11.5%). Retinoblastoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma were 5 (9.1%) and ranked third respectively. Leukaemia ranked 4th in frequency; 4 (7.7%), children less than five years of age formed a greater percentage of those presenting with various cancers.Conclusions: Nephroblastoma was the predominant childhood cancer now seen in this geographical area of south-South Nigeria, with a decline in the incidence of Burkitt’s lymphoma, which was most frequent in erstwhile years.
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Bassey, Eno-Obong U., and Ekemini Nsikan Udo. "Childhood cancers in a tertiary facility in Southern Nigeria: a four-year update." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2022): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20221170.
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Background: Cancer is a global epidemic and leading cause of death for children and adolescents worldwide. Developing countries contribute an estimated 60-80% of the total burden of all new cancer cases worldwide. Data on the burden of childhood cancers across Nigeria varies from centre to centre and may well even vary in periodic reviews done in the same areas over a time lag. It was therefore important to have periodic reviews of the various cancer types seen or evolving in various geographical areas.Methods: A prospective hospital-based study, over a period of four years, from January 2016 to December 2019. Children admitted and diagnosed with cancers in the paediatric medical ward of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital were reviewed. This teaching hospital was one of the two tertiary health care facilities in the state and caters for children from different parts of the state and its environs.Results: The frequency distribution of each childhood cancer showed nephroblastoma as the predominant cancer seen, 12 (23.1%), followed by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 6 (11.5%). Retinoblastoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma were 5 (9.1%) and ranked third respectively. Leukaemia ranked 4th in frequency; 4 (7.7%), children less than five years of age formed a greater percentage of those presenting with various cancers.Conclusions: Nephroblastoma was the predominant childhood cancer now seen in this geographical area of south-South Nigeria, with a decline in the incidence of Burkitt’s lymphoma, which was most frequent in erstwhile years.
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Dang Ut, Phuong, and Anh Dinh Lan. "STEAM INTEGRATED EDUCATIONAL TEACHING CAPABILITIES PRESCHOOL TEACHERS." Journal of Science Educational Science 67, no. 3 (July 2022): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1075.2022-0056.
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Study to learn about the teaching capacity of STEAM-integrated education of preschool teachers. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study with three basic techniques: questionnaire survey (372 questionnaires), in-depth interview (10 teachers) of preschool teachers in Hanoi, and analysis of the lesson plan (30 lesson plans). The results show that (54%) of teachers do not understand STEAM integration education, 55.4% of teachers have been trained and are implementing STEAM education at school but have many difficulties in reference materials, building content networks, and activity networks, and a large number of children, how to organize various STEAM integration activities, making it difficult for teachers to navigate. Only 3.5% have been trained and put into favorable implementation, notably, 23.44% of teachers have not been trained but have implemented the organization
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Singh, Priyanka, Girish C. Bhatt, Vijay Singh, K. P. Kushwaha, Mahima Mittal, Anita Mehta, Bhoopendra Sharma, Abhijit P. Pakhare, and Abhishek Kumar. "Influence of Malnutrition on Adverse Outcome in Children with Confirmed or Probable Viral Encephalitis: A Prospective Observational Study." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/407473.
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A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2008 to August 2009 to explore the independent predictors of adverse outcome in the patients with confirmed/probable viral encephalitis. The primary outcome variable was the incidence ofadverse outcomesdefined as death or severe neurological deficit such as loss of speech, motor deficits, behavioural problems, blindness, and cognitive impairment. Patients with confirmed or probable viral encephalitis were classified into two groups based on theirZ-score of weight-for-age as per WHO growth charts.Group I.Patients with confirmed or probable viral encephalitis with weight-for-age (W/A)Z-scores below −2SD were classified as undernourished.Group II.Patients with confirmed or probable viral encephalitis were classified as having normal nutritional status (weight-for-ageZ-score >−2SD). A total of 114 patients were classified as confirmed or probable viral encephalitis based on detailed investigations. On multivariate logistic regression, undernutrition (adjusted OR: 5.05; 95% CI: 1.92 to 13.44) and requirement of ventilation (adjusted OR: 6.75; 95% CI: 3.63 to 77.34) were independent predictors of adverse outcomes in these patients. Thus, the results from our study highlight that the association between undernutrition and adverse outcome could be extended to the patients with confirmed/probable viral encephalitis.
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Medawattegedera, Vivimarie VanderPoorten. "Representing Women ‘Our Way’: An English Language Teaching Television Programme in Sri Lanka." Society and Culture in South Asia 4, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 94–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2393861717730621.
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Research on gender representation in English textbooks reveals that messages about gender roles and gender identity transmitted through texts affect the future behaviour of children as they formulate their own roles in society. There is a limited number of studies on visual analysis of gender in textbooks and a dearth of such research on teaching materials in Sri Lanka. This study analyses a TV programme produced to teach school children English in order to uncover the ideological assumptions related to gender and gender roles embedded in the programme.