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Journal articles on the topic 'Children Age determination'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Carpenter, Clyde T., and Edward L. Lester. "Skeletal Age Determination in Young Children." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 13, no. 1 (January 1993): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199301000-00015.

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2

Sakala, Fs Felix. "Determination of pneumonia case management and outcome in children under-five years of age at arthurdavison children’s hospital (ADCH)." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 3 (July 2016): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.3.42.

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3

Simeunović, Milan, Ilija Tanackov, Pavle Pitka, Milja Simeunović, and Zoran Papić. "Determination of Moving Speed of School Age Children." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9965753.

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School age children (pedestrians) can move at different speeds, which are conditioned by certain parameters. Not all parameters have the same effect on the pedestrian speed. According to the literature, gender and age are the most researched parameters that have an impact on the speed of pedestrians. However, a small number of authors have dealt with the influence of movement regimes (slow, normal, fast, run, and rush) on pedestrian speed, while at the same time taking into account age and gender. For that reason, this article measured the speed of movement of school age children by movement regimes, taking into account age and gender. Within the same movement regime, the influence of age, sex, height, and weight on the speed of movement was investigated. Experimental measurements of the speed of movement of pedestrians aged 7 to 20 years were performed. Based on the results of measurements and statistical analyzes, recommendations on the average speed of movement regimes, age, and gender are given.
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4

Wilson, Darrell M. "Regular Monitoring of Bone Age Is Not Useful in Children Treated With Growth Hormone." Pediatrics 104, Supplement_5 (October 1, 1999): 1036–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.104.s5.1036.

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Although bone age estimates are traditionally used to monitor children receiving growth hormone therapy, few data support this practice. Bone age determination is fraught with technical difficulties, resulting in high interobserver differences. Longitudinal studies show that an individual's bone age can change erratically over time. The resulting errors in predicted adult heights based on these bone age determinations are large. Moreover, growth hormone therapy appears to accelerate bone maturation. The radiographic evidence of this acceleration can be delayed. In this setting, improvements in predicted adult heights can be artifactually large. Routine monitoring of bone age during GH therapy is unnecessary. Bayley and Pinneau, bone age determination, Greulich and Pyle, predicted height, radiography, Tanner and Whitehouse.
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5

Duma, A., V. B. Pospovska, B. Janeska, A. Gutevska, and M. Belokapovski. "11. Age determination of four children — a case report." Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 2 (March 1995): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1353-1131(95)90136-1.

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6

Zhang, Shao-Yan, Gang Liu, Chen-Guo Ma, Yi-San Han, Xun-Zhang Shen, Rui-Long Xu, and Hans Henrik Thodberg. "Automated Determination of Bone Age in a Modern Chinese Population." ISRN Radiology 2013 (February 25, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/874570.

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Rationale and Objective. Large studies have previously been performed to set up a Chinese bone age reference, but it has been difficult to compare the maturation of Chinese children with populations elsewhere due to the potential variability between raters in different parts of the world. We re-analysed the radiographs from a large study of normal Chinese children using an automated bone age rating method to establish a Chinese bone age reference, and to compare the tempo of maturation in the Chinese with other populations. Materials and Methods. X-rays from 2883 boys and 3143 girls aged 2–20 years from five Chinese cities, taken in 2005, were evaluated using the BoneXpert automated method. Results. Chinese children reached full maturity at the same age as previously studied Asian children from Los Angeles, but 0.6 years earlier than Caucasian children in Los Angeles. The Greulich-Pyle bone age method was adapted to the Chinese population creating a new bone age scale BX-China05. The standard deviation between BX-China05 and chronologic age was 1.01 years in boys aged 8–14, and 1.08 years in girls aged 7–12. Conclusion. By eliminating rater variability, the automated method provides a reliable and efficient standard for bone age determination in China.
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7

Loder, Randall T., Frances A. Farley, J. Anthony Herring, M. Anthony Schork, and Yu Shyr. "Bone Age Determination in Children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 15, no. 1 (January 1995): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199501000-00019.

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8

Tursunov, Mirshod Sh. "METHODOLOGY OF CHOOSING ACTIVE GAMES ACCORDING TO CHILDREN'S AGE." Oriental Journal of Education 02, no. 01 (March 1, 2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-oje-02-01-04.

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The determination of movement games according to the age of the child is made taking into account his mental abilities and abilities. 3-4 year olds have the ability to imitate the movements of different objects and animals and to distinguish different colors. For children aged 5-6, a slightly more complex form of movement games is recommended: climbing on cubes, throwing the ball away, jumping. 7-10 year olds, on the other hand, are much older and have developed relatively good skills in games, so at this age, movement games are the foundation of school physical education. In such competitions, the teacher plays the leading role. The increasing number and complexity of such movement games in the physical and mental development of growing children has a positive effect on their brain and body.
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9

Ibegbu, A., E. David, W. Hamman, U. Umana, and S. Musa. "Height determination using hand length in Nigerian school children." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 04 (October 2014): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.047913.

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Abstract Introduction. The anthropometric characteristics of 600 normal Nigeria School Children of ages between 5-10 years of Gbagyi tribe of Abuja, with no obvious deformities or previous history of trauma to the hand were selected for this study. Materials and methods. Of these children, males (n=300) with mean age of 7.10 ± 1.98, and females (n=300) with mean age of 7.68 ± 1.86) were investigated. The anthropometric characteristics of their height, age, weight, hand length, and body mass indices were measured, analysed statistically for any significant difference, and correlation between the parameters studied. Results. The results show some significant differences between the anthropometric parameters and a significant correlation (p< 0.001) between the height and hand length, and other parameters in both males and females. The study derived a linear regression and a multiple linear regression equations for Gbagyi School children of Nigeria from which height, age, weight, hand length and body mass index could be predicted if one factor is known. Conclusion. The results from the present study show that there was a positive correlation between height and hand length and other parameters indicating that height could be predicted using hand length, age, weight and body mass index among Gbagyi school children of Abuja-Nigeria.
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10

Kuroki, Kazuhiko, Kazunori Arita, Kaoru Kurisu, Toshinori Nakahara, Minako Ohtani, Hideki Satoh, and Tohru Uozumi. "Determination of Brain Death in Children under the Age of Six." Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi 8, no. 6 (1997): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3893/jjaam.8.231.

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11

Baghdadi, Ziad D. "Dental maturity of Saudi children: Role of ethnicity in age determination." Imaging Science in Dentistry 43, no. 4 (2013): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.5624/isd.2013.43.4.267.

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12

Vaska, Ashish I., Jill Benson, Jaklin A. Eliott, and Jan Williams. "Age determination in refugee children: A narrative history tool for use in holistic age assessment." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 52, no. 5 (May 2016): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13114.

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13

Mhango, Maurice, Seter Siziya, and Victor Mwanakasale. "Determination of risk factors associated with malnutrition among children under the age of five: a case control study at Arthur Davison children’s hospital in Ndola, Zambia." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.2.18.

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14

Kovtyuk, N., Yu Nechytailo, D. Nechytailo, and T. Mikhieieva. "Стереотипы сна у детей школьного возраста." Педиатрия. Восточная Европа, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2021.9.2.006.

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Introduction. Sleep is very important to human health and well-being, and sleep loss and disorders are associated with a wide range of adverse health effects, especially in children.Purpose. To assess sleep peculiarities and sleep patterns in children.Materials and methods. In total, 562 children aged 10–18 years were examined. Assessment of anthropometric data, nutrition, physical activity, sleep peculiarities and quality, family and socioeconomic data etc. was conducted. Circadian rhythm chronotype was also assessed with the standard questionnaire for determination of the chronotypes (morningness – eveningness).Results. Two sleep patterns were considered. The daytime sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings generally decreased with the increase of age. The prevalence of biphasic pattern was 27.2% in the examined cohort. The biphasic sleep pattern positively correlated with evening circadian chronotype, night sleep insufficiency, and increase of time spent on multimedia and electronic entertainment. Self-assessment of sleep quality in children with biphasic sleep pattern was lower in total, especially at the age 14–15 years.Conclusion. There are problems of short sleep and sleep deprivation that are mostly associated with biphasic sleep pattern. Children with biphasic stereotype have later sleep onset and compensate for sleep deficiency by day napping. The sleep quality in children with biphasic sleep pattern was lower in total, especially at the age of 14-15 years. Введение. Сон очень важен для здоровья и благополучия человека, а его сокращение и нарушения связаны с широким диапазоном отрицательных последствий для здоровья, особенно у детей.Цель. Оценка особенностей и стереотипов сна у детей.Материалы и методы. Всего обследовано 562 ребенка в возрасте 10–18 лет. Проводилась оценка антропометрических данных, питания, физической активности, особенностей и качества сна, семейных и социально-экономических данных. Определялся циркадианный хронотип ребенка с помощью стандартного опросника для определения утреннего и вечернего типов.Результаты. Были выделены два стереотипа сна: монофазный (только ночной сон) и двухфазный (с дневным сном). Частота двухфазного сна в исследуемой когорте составила 27,2%. Двухфазный стереотип сна имел положительную корреляцию с вечерним циркадианным хронотипом, с недостаточностью ночного сна и увеличением времени на мультимедийные иэлектронные развлечения. Самооценка качества сна у детей с двухфазным стереотипом была хуже в целом, особенно в возрасте 14–15 лет.Заключение. Существуют проблемы короткой продолжительности сна и недосыпания, которые в основном связаны с двухфазным режимом сна. Дети с двухфазным стереотипом засыпают позже и компенсируют недостаток сна дневным сном. Качество сна у детей с двухфазным режимом сна в целом было ниже, особенно в возрасте 14–15 лет.
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15

Peretiatko, L., and M. Teslenko. "THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINATION OF DESTRUCTIONS OF EMOTIONAL STATES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE." Psychology and Personality, no. 2 (September 14, 2021): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2021.2.239974.

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The article analyzes theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of factors of destruction of emotional states in primary school age. The specifics of psycho-emotional disorders in childhood and the factors of its destruction are revealed. It is found that the frequent manifestation of disorders of the psycho-emotional sphere of children is the emergence of fears, and the fears of children are associated with frequent manifestations of anxiety, which are summarized in the anxiety as a personal trait. It is established that the factors of destruction of emotional states in childhood include a wide range of factors, including biological preconditions for the formation of disorders, characterological peculiarities of children (emotionality, vulnerability, impressiveness, insecurity, expression of self), negative influences of socio-political conditions of society, propaganda of violence by mass media. However, the main factor in the formation of any psycho-emotional disorders of children are the shortcomings of family interaction, the uncomfortable nature of relationships with parents, their use of inconsistent and authoritarian types of upbringing. The results of the research of the destruction of emotional states of primary schoolchildren with different types of parental attitudes are analyzed. It is determined that the emotional states of primary schoolchildren largely depend on the type of parental attitude. Excessive concentration on the child provokes the destruction of emotional states of primary school children, provoking anxiety and fears. Instead, the predominance of parental attitudes of the optimal type of emotional contact is expressed in the harmonious emotional states of children.
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16

Yakushenko, M. N., А. V. Kochubei, and М. B. Kerimov. "Determination of the incidence of bronchial asthma in children of school age." Kazan medical journal 80, no. 3 (April 2, 1999): 184–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj66685.

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A group of children aged 7 and 1314 was chosen using the questionnaire data of 6104 pupils in Nalchik according to the International program ISAAC. It is possible to identify the patients which need the diagnosis refinement by studying medical documentation in the risk group.
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17

Hanna, Lopatina. "DETERMINATION OF THE SPEECH PERSONALITY OF CHILDREN AGE WITH DISORDERS OF SPEECH." Scientic Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Psychological Sciences, no. 4 (November 29, 2019): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2019-4-33.

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18

Foti, Bruno, Loı̈c Lalys, Pascal Adalian, Jean Giustiniani, Marta Maczel, Michel Signoli, Olivier Dutour, and Georges Leonetti. "New forensic approach to age determination in children based on tooth eruption." Forensic Science International 132, no. 1 (March 2003): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00455-3.

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19

Nüsken, Eva, Darja Imschinetzki, Kai-Dietrich Nüsken, Friederike Körber, Hans-Joachim Mentzel, Joachim Peitz, Martin Bald, et al. "Automated Greulich–Pyle bone age determination in children with chronic kidney disease." Pediatric Nephrology 30, no. 7 (March 19, 2015): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3042-5.

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20

Sherif, Hanan, Mona Noureldin, Ahmed F. Bakr, and Ahmed-Emad Mahfouz. "Sonographic measurement of calcaneal volume for determination of skeletal age in children." Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 31, no. 9 (October 28, 2003): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcu.10213.

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21

van Rijn, Rick R., Maarten H. Lequin, and Hans Henrik Thodberg. "Automatic determination of Greulich and Pyle bone age in healthy Dutch children." Pediatric Radiology 39, no. 6 (January 6, 2009): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-008-1090-8.

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22

Martin, David D., Katharina Heil, Conrad Heckmann, Angelika Zierl, Jürgen Schaefer, Michael B. Ranke, and Gerhard Binder. "Validation of automatic bone age determination in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia." Pediatric Radiology 43, no. 12 (October 5, 2013): 1615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-013-2744-8.

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23

Reinehr, Thomas, Martin Carlsson, Dionisios Chrysis, and Cecilia Camacho-Hübner. "Adult height prediction by bone age determination in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency." Endocrine Connections 9, no. 5 (May 2020): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-20-0090.

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Background The precision of adult height prediction by bone age determination in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) is unknown. Methods The near adult height (NAH) of patients with IGHD in the KIGS database was compared retrospectively to adult height prediction calculated by the Bayley–Pinneau (BP) prediction based on bone age by Greulich–Pyle (GP) in 315 children and based on the Tanner-Whitehouse 2 (TW2) method in 121 children. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age at GH start, age at puberty, mean dose and years of of GH treatment, and maximum GH peak in stimulation test were calculated. Results The mean underestimation of adult height based on the BP method was at baseline 4.1 ± 0.7 cm in girls and 6.1 ± 0.6 cm in boys, at 1 year of GH treatment 2.5 ± 0.5 cm in girls and 0.9 ± 0.4 cm in boys, while at last bone age determination adult height was overestimated in mean by 0.4 ± 0.6 cm in girls and 3.8 ± 0.5 cm in boys. The mean underestimation of adult height based on the TW2 method was at baseline 5.3 ± 2.0 cm in girls and 7.9 ± 0.8 cm in boys, at 1 year of GH treatment adult height was overestimated in girls 0.1 ± 0.6 cm in girls and underestimated 4.1 ± 0.4 cm in boys, while at last bone age determination adult height was overestimated in mean by 3.1 ± 1.5 cm in girls and 3.6 ± 0.8 cm in boys. Conclusions Height prediction by BP and TW2 at onset of GH treatment underestimates adult height in prepubertal IGHD children, while in mean 6 years after onset of GH treatment these prediction methods overestimated adult height.
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24

Arkhireeva, T. V. "Dynamics of Learning Motivation in Early School Age Children." Cultural-Historical Psychology 11, no. 2 (2015): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2015110204.

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The paper presents outcomes of a longitudinal study on learning motivation in children of early school age. The aim was to reveal the leading motives in first, second, third and fourth grades and to explore the dynamics of some learning motives in children over the whole period of elementary school. As it was found, the learning activity in the children was mostly motivated by social motives, among which the leading ones were the motives of self-determination and well-being. As for learning motives, over the course of all four years the children were for the most part motivated by the content of the learning activity, and not by its process. The dynamics of certain social motives of the learning activity varied across the sample, with some going through the periods of increase and decrease and others having a one-way dynamics. The study also revealed a decrease in the motivation rooted in the learning activity itself between the second and third year; at the same time, in the second, third and fourth years the children were more motivated by the content of the learning activity than by its process.
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25

Silverman, Stephanie J. "“Imposter-Children” in the UK Refugee Status Determination Process." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 32, no. 3 (November 23, 2016): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40371.

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This article describes and analyzes an emerging problematic in the asylum and immigration debate, which I cynically dub the “imposter-child” phenomenon. My preliminary exploration maps how the imposter-child relates to and potentially influences the politics and practices of refuge status determination in the United Kingdom. I argue that the “imposter-child” is being discursively constructed in order to justify popular and official suspicion of spontaneously arriving child asylum-seekers in favour of resettling refugees from camps abroad. I also draw connections between the discursive creation of “imposter-children” and the diminishment of welfare safeguarding for young people. Further complicating this situation is a variety of sociocultural factors in both Afghanistan and the United Kingdom, including the adversarial UK refugee status determination process, uncertainty around how the United Kingdom can“prove” an age, and a form of “triple discrimination” experienced by Afghan male youth. Through unearthing why the “imposter-child” is problematic, I also query why it is normatively accepted that non-citizens no longer deserve protection from the harshest enforcement once they “age out” of minor status.
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26

Kemp, Stephen F., and Judy P. Sy. "Analysis of Bone Age Data From National Cooperative Growth Study Substudy VII." Pediatrics 104, Supplement_5 (October 1, 1999): 1031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.104.s5.1031.

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National Cooperative Growth Study substudy VII was conducted 1) to compare standardized hand–wrist and knee bone age determinations in pubertal children treated with growth hormone (GH); 2) to compare local determinations of bone ages with centrally determined bone ages; 3) to relate the response to GH therapy to the bone age determinations; and 4) to ascertain the predictive value of each type of bone age determination. Eligible subjects were those in the National Cooperative Growth Study who were at Tanner pubertal stage 2 or greater for breasts (girls) or genitals (boys). Radiographs of the hand–wrist were taken annually, and radiographs of the knee were taken at the beginning and the end of the study. Separate bone age determinations were made from these radiographs. A combined hand–wrist and knee bone age determination also was derived. There were 990 patients in the study; in 925 (677 boys), there were both hand–wrist and knee bone age determinations from the baseline pubertal radiographs. There was only one radiographic assessment in 496 patients, two in 205 patients, and three to eight in the remaining patients. The strongest correlation was between the hand–wrist bone age and the hand–wrist plus knee bone age (r = .995). Also strongly correlated were knee with hand–wrist (r = .872) and knee with hand–wrist plus knee (r = .914). For none of these bone age methods was any statistically significant difference found between the methods. The locally determined bone ages correlated strongly with the centrally determined bone ages for knee (r = .850), hand–wrist (r = .928), and hand–wrist plus knee (r = .930); however, the locally determined knee and hand–wrist values were less (by ∼0.3 year) than the centrally determined values. These differences, however, do not appear to be clinically significant.
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Takakura, Iwao. "The Adrenocortical Function Studies in Children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 15, no. 3-4 (May 29, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi15.3-4.1975.120-4.

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The recent advances in the laboratory procedures make it possible to study endocrinological states in children more easily and more accurately even in the neonatal period. The successes in purification and the determination of chemical structures of various hormones and their releasing factors make it possible to carry out various loading tests. The progress in the measurement of various hormones and their metabolites especially in the field of radioimmunoassay is really remarkable.If we took adrenocortical function studies as an example, urinary 17 hydroxycorticosteroid was the only reliable item about ten years ago, then plasma 17-OHCS determination using Porter-Silver chromogen was introduced followed by plasma 11-OHCS determination with fluorescence spectrophotometry. Then, cortisol production rate determination became possible using radio-isotope dilution technique, and at present, plasma cortisol can be measured directly with protein competitive radio-immunoassay. Thus, the adrenocortical function studies in the pediatric age group has become easier and more reliable. The author likes to present some endocrinological results in children using various methods and now they can be applied in the clinical work.
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28

Markova, El Yu, L. Yu Bezmel’nitsyna, O. V. Kurganova, N. A. Pron’ko, and L. V. Venediktova. "Problem of Ametropia in Children in Russian Federation." Ophthalmology in Russia 15, no. 2S (July 28, 2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2018-2s-40-44.

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Refractive errors are remaining one of the most important problems in pediatric ophthalmology. At present, there are changes in organization approaches of prophylactic medical examinations in children. It causes the necessary of comprehensive clinical and economic assessment of their effectiveness.Purpose: to develop the recommendations for improvement of ophthalmological care for children with refractive errors. For diagnostics we used visometry, determination the vision characteristics, determination of chromosensitivity, biomicroscopy, definition of refraction of manifest and cycloplegic, determination of volume and accommodation reserves, ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiological study (EFI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundusography.Methods. A retrospective analysis of typical practice of treatment patients with amblyopia and strabismus was organized. Data was processed with mathematical methods and descriptive statistics. Modeling, Budget impact and burden of diseases analyses were used for clinicoeconomical evaluation.Results. 636 patients aged from 5 to 7 years old were included. Depending on the age of the diagnosis of ametropia, three groups were identified. Group I (318 patients): the diagnosis was detected up to 1 year, group II (190 patients) — at the age from 1 to 3 years, Group III: (127 patients) from 3 to 7 years. A direct correlation between the age of ametropia diagnostics and frequency such complications as amblyopia, disturbance of binocular vision and strabismus development of strabismus was established. According to the results of clinical and economic analysis, uncorrected refractive errors in children are characterized by a high level of economic and social burden of disease (the older the age of ametropia diagnosis caused increase of direct medical and non-medical costs). With regard to non-medical costs, we established that a reduction the frequency of courses in vision office and operational treatment results in a reduction in payments to parents on temporary incapacity sheets.Conclusion: the optimal age for diagnostics of refractive errors in up to 1year from both clinical and economic perspective.
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Patel, AnandJ, and JignaS Shah. "Age determination in children by orthopantomograph and lateral cephalogram: A comparative digital study." Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences 11, no. 3 (2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_61_19.

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30

Giannoni, Eric, Philippe Moreillon, Jacques Cotting, Adrien Moessinger, Jacques Bille, Laurent Décosterd, Giorgio Zanetti, Paul Majcherczyk, and Denis Bugnon. "Prospective Determination of Plasma Imipenem Concentrations in Critically Ill Children." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 7 (July 2006): 2563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01149-05.

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ABSTRACT Plasma imipenem concentrations were measured in 19 critically ill children (median age, 0.8 year; range, 0.02 to 12.9 years). Wide interindividual variations (2 to 4× at peak and >10× at trough concentrations) resulted in unpredictable plasma levels in several children. To avoid subtherapeutic drug levels, we recommend treatment with at least 100 mg/kg of body weight/day of imipenem-cilastatin for critically ill children requiring such therapy.
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31

Karn, Sapana, Manjula Bhattarai, Ramanuj Rauniyar, Anurag Adhikari, Pratik Karna, Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay, and Birendra Prasad Gupta. "Determination of CD4+ T- Lymphocytes in Healthy Children of Kathmandu." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i3.21432.

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Background: The cluster differentiation (CD) of T-cell is the good marker for the immunological competence study. Nepal does not have a reference value for CD4+ T cell count and percentage for children, which severely limits the prospect of pediatric prognosis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley where total 207 children of age 0-14 year age group were recruited in this study. We analyzed 50 cord blood and 157 peripheral blood samples in order to calculate the absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocyte using Fluorescence-activated cell sorting methodology.Results: The reference range for absolute CD4+ T cell count was found to be 634-4040 cells/µL (mean1470; median: 1335 and 95% CI [1322-1617]) for male children and 491-2922 cells/µL (mean: 1443 median: 1326 and 95% CI [1298-1588]) for the female children. We also observed elevated CD4 to the CD3 ratio in younger children (0.67 from cord blood Vs 0.53 from 10-14yr) compared to older ones.Conclusions: The observed CD4+ T cell counts among healthy children of Kathmandu highlights the gender differences skewed for male as well the need of defining specific reference values for other lymphocyte subsets as well in a country like Nepal which has a population with diverse genetic and socio-cultural parameters.
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Karn, Sapana, Manjula Bhattarai, Ramanuj Rauniyar, Anurag Adhikari, Pratik Karna, Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay, and Birendra prasad Gupta. "Determination of CD4+ T- Lymphocytes in Healthy Children of Kathmandu." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i3.1068.

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Background: The cluster differentiation (CD) of T-cell is the good marker for the immunological competence study. Nepal does not have a reference value for CD4+ T cell count and percentage for children, which severely limits the prospect of pediatric prognosis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley where total 207 children of age 0-14 year age group were recruited in this study. We analyzed 50 cord blood and 157 peripheral blood samples in order to calculate the absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocyte using Fluorescence-activated cell sorting methodology.Results: The reference range for absolute CD4+ T cell count was found to be 634-4040 cells/µL(mean1470; median: 1335 and 95% CI [1322-1617]) for male children and 491-2922 cells/µL (mean: 1443 median: 1326 and95% CI [1298-1588]) for the female children.We also observed elevated CD4 to the CD3 ratio in younger children (0.67 from cord blood Vs 0.53 from 10-14yr) compared to older ones.Conclusions: The observed CD4+ T cell counts among healthy children of Kathmandu highlights the gender differences skewed for male as well the need of defining specific reference values for other lymphocyte subsets as well in a country like Nepal which has a population with diverse genetic and socio-cultural parameters.Keywords: CD4+ T lymphocyte; children; HIV; immunophenotyping; Kathmandu; Nepal.
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Kale, Sudeep Hiralal, Disha Jatin Jagad, and Medha Vasant Deo. "Determination of Reference Equation for Chest Expansion in Healthy Indian Children." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 29 (July 19, 2021): 2193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/448.

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BACKGROUND Measurement of chest expansion is commonly done in physical examination of patients as it gives reliable idea about the rib cage mobility & capacity of lungs along with thorax to expand. Chest expansion values are reduced in diseases and it can be used to check progression of the diseases. In India there is lack of reference data on chest expansion due to which the values derived from other population are used for reference in India. Comparison of the patient with wrong population data will create misinformation & wrong diagnosis. This study was designed to establish reference value for expansion of chest in healthy Indian children, understand relation of age, height, and weight with chest circumference & compare these values with published global values. METHODS Chest expansion & circumference of chest was measured in 229 boys and 226 girls aged 6 – 15 years. The study was conducted in Mumbai metropolitan region and Navi - Mumbai. Standing height, weight, age, sitting chest circumference and chest expansion were recorded. Chest expansion was measured at three different levels i.e. axillary, mammary and xiphoid. The correlation coefficient was used to understand relation of age, weight, height with chest expansion & chest circumference. The prediction equation was derived for both genders separately by multivariate regression. RESULTS Significant positive correlation of chest circumference was observed with age and weight and negative correlation with height. Chest expansion was higher in males as compared to females. Chest expansion had shown positive correlation with age, height and weight. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.927, 0.885 & - 0.337 respectively. Different prediction equations were drawn for males and females for expansion of chest at all three levels. Significant difference was noted in values of this study and global values. CONCLUSIONS Gender wise differences exist in chest expansion values. Males have higher values than females. Hence gender specific equations are needed for estimation of chest expansion. KEY WORDS Chest Circumference, Indian Children, Chest Expansion, Prediction Equation
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De Santis, Debegnach, Miano, Moretti, Sonego, Chiaretti, Buonsenso, and Brera. "Determination of Deoxynivalenol Biomarkers in Italian Urine Samples." Toxins 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080441.

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum that can contaminate cereals and cereal-based foodstuff. Urinary DON levels can be used as biomarker for exposure assessment purposes. This study assessed urinary DON concentrations in Italian volunteers recruited by age group, namely children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. In addition, vulnerable groups, namely vegetarians and pregnant women, were included in the study. To determine the urinary DON, its glucuronide and de-epoxydated (DOM-1) forms, an indirect analytical approach was used, measuring free DON and total DON (as sum of free and glucuronides forms), before and after enzymatic treatment, respectively. Morning urine samples were collected on two consecutive days, from six different population groups, namely children, adolescent, adults, elderly, vegetarians and pregnant women. Total DON was measured in the 76% of the collected samples with the maximum incidences in children and adolescent age group. Urine samples from children and adolescent also showed the highest total DON levels, up to 17.0 ng/mgcreat. Pregnant women had the lowest positive samples per category (40% for day 1 and 43% for day 2, respectively), low mean levels of total DON (down to 2.84 ng/mgcreat) and median equal to 0 ng/mgcreat. Estimation of DON dietary intake reveals that 7.5% of the total population exceeds the TDI of 1 μg/kg bw/day set for DON, with children showing 40% of individuals surpassing this value (male, day 2).
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Kutac, Petr, Václav Bunc, and Martin Sigmund. "Determination of Body Fat Ratio Standards in Children at Early School Age Using Bioelectric Impedance." Medicina 56, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56120641.

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Background and objectives: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to assess the proportionality of body mass; however, there are currently no standards for assessing the weight status of the child population for the needs of epidemiological studies. This study aims to establish bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) standards for assessing the body weight of children (body fat, visceral fat) using BMI percentile growth charts. Materials and Methods: The study was implemented in a group of 1674 children (816 boys and 858 girls), ages 6 to 11. To classify the subjects at a percentile level, the percentile growth charts from the 6th national anthropological study in the Czech Republic were used. Body composition parameters were ascertained by BIA. Results: Body fat (%) and visceral fat standard values were determined for all age categories. The standards were in three-stages, enabling the determination of underweight, normal weight and overweight children aged 6–11 years. For boys with proportionate body mass, standard body fat values ranging from 14.3–16.0% to 15.5–18.0% were determined, while for girls’ values ranging from 16.7–19.4% to 18.3–20.5% were determined, depending on age. As far as visceral fat is concerned, standard values in boys ranging from 30.3–36.9 cm2 to 36.1–44.9 cm2 and in girls 30.3–36.9 cm2 to 36.1–44.9 cm2 were determined, depending on age. Conclusions: Standards for assessing weight status are applicable to children aged 6–11 years, while it can be confirmed that BMI can be considered as an objective tool in assessing body mass and body composition in children.
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Krukovich, E. V., G. O. Momot, and E. A. Osipenko. "Comprehensive assessment of the physical development of children and adolescents at the outpatient stage." Pacific Medical Journal, no. 4 (January 7, 2022): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2021-4-85-91.

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The article highlights one of the current issues of pediatrics - the study of the dynamics of Physical Development (PD) in children and adolescents. The numerous methods of assessment are used. The methods contain one-dimensional, two-dimensional and / or trimeric indicators. They do not fully give an idea of the level of the child's PD and do not reflect the patterns of his growth and development. In some cases, a pediatrician at the outpatient stage requires a comprehensive assessment of PD including age determination and compliance of biological age with the real age, determination of the PD harmony, somatotype determination, assessment of the direction of growth and development along with the calculation of indexes, functional state assessment, assessment of the degree of fat deposition or bioimpedance measurement, which allows determining the risk group. The assessment of PD indicators must be carried out according to regional tables.
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Thodberg, Hans Henrik, Oskar G. Jenni, Jon Caflisch, Michael B. Ranke, and David D. Martin. "Prediction of Adult Height Based on Automated Determination of Bone Age." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 4868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-1429.

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Context: Adult height prediction is a common procedure in pediatric endocrinology, but it is associated with a considerable variability and bias from the bone age rating. Objective: A new method for adult height prediction is presented, based on automated bone age determination. Method: The method predicts the fraction of height left to grow from age and BoneXpert bone age. This is refined by drawing the prediction toward the population mean, or alternatively toward the height predicted from the parents’ heights. Boys’ body mass index and girls’ height at menarche can be included optionally as predictors. Participants: A total of 231 normal children from the First Zurich Longitudinal Study (1ZLS) were followed from age 5 until cessation of growth with annual x-rays of the left hand. A total of 198 normal children from the Third Zurich Longitudinal Study were used for validation. Results: The root mean square error of adult height prediction (Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method in parentheses considered as standard for accuracy) on the 1ZLS was 3.3 cm (3.5 cm) for boys aged 10–15 yr and 2.7 cm (3.1 cm; P &lt; 0.005 for difference to Tanner-Whitehouse 3) for girls aged 8–13 yr. High body mass index before puberty negatively affected adult height of boys, independent of bone age. Conclusions: With the new method, adult height prediction has become objective because the dependence on manual bone age rating is eliminated. The method is well-suited to analyze large studies and provide a consistent body of evidence regarding the relation between maturation, body mass, and growth across populations, conditions, and ethnicities.
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Angelini, Lucia, Angelo Ravelli, Roberto Caporali, Viviana Rumi, Nardo Nardocci, and Alberto Martini. "High Prevalence of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Children With Idiopathic Cerebral Ischemia." Pediatrics 94, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.4.500.

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Background. The presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) is frequently associated with thromboembolic phenomena. Objective. To investigate the prevalence of aPLs, detected as lupus anticoagulant (LA) or anticardiolipin antibody (aCL), in a group of unselected children with idiopathic cerebral ischemia. Design. Prospective, case series. Setting. A pediatric neurology department. Patients. Thirteen children with cerebral ischemia (eight with stroke, three with transient ischemic attacks, and two with ocular ischemia). Age-matched apparently healthy children served as controls. Measurements. LA and aCL determination was performed within 3 days after the occurrence of the ischemic event and was repeated after 3 to 6 months. To be defined as aPL-positive, patients had to have either a positive LA test or positive IgG and/or IgM aCL at moderate/high level in both determinations. Main results. Ten (76%) of the 13 patients were positive for either LA or aCL. No differences were found between aPL-positive and aPL-negative patients with respect to clinical manifestations or radiological features. Six (46%) of the 13 patients had a history of multiple ischemic events. Conclusions. Our results show a very high prevalence of aPLs in children with idiopathic cerebral ischemia. Because the presence of these antibodies has relevant therapeutic implications, their determination in children with cerebral ischemia is recommended.
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Bielova, Olena. "Determination of Cognitive and Emotional Components of Speech of Children of Older Preschool Age." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University 2, no. 1 (339) (2021): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-1(339)-2-170-182.

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The purpose of the study is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the cognitive and emotional components of speech in older preschool children. The main research methods are theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature. Analysis of research materials proved that the cognitive sphere is a multifaceted mechanism, the work of which is provided by intellectual components: sensation, perception, thinking, memory, attention, imagination and speech in particular. In cognitive linguistics, the functioning of language is considered through cognitive activity, and its processes are studied through language phenomena: awareness of speech constructions, understanding of word meanings (semantic competence),grammatically correct speech, expression of one's own opinion, improvement of speech abilities. Each speech action has an emotional accompaniment, the concept of emotions is realized through verbalized (structural-semantic, lexical) and no verbalized (facial expressions, gestures, actions) sign system. Understanding cognitive interaction with the functional speech system makes it possible to understand the more complex mechanisms of speech ontogenesis. This is especially true if there is a need to learn the language and speech of children with typical psychophysical development and speech disorders. The study of scientific statement on the issues of our study indicates the leading components of speech readiness for school, namely: cognitive (intellectual-speech) – covers the idea of semantic constructive significance of language and speech, the formation of speech components; motivational (learning motive) – understanding of social and cognitive motives of learning, their arbitrariness in the organization of behavior and during learning; activity (speech activity) – active participation in various types of speech activity, manifestation of independence, creativity, initiative, cooperation with children and teachers; emotional (verbalization of emotions and feelings) – awareness and control of their emotional state, adequate expression of emotions indifferent life situations, the ability to explain and recognize them in other people.
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Kharchenko, G. A., and O. G. Kimirilova. "AGE FEATURES OF INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 63, no. 4 (September 12, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2018-63-4-73-78.

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Study objective. To establish clinical and epidemiological features of intestinal amebiasis in adults and children at the present stage. A retrospective analysis of patient histories of 90 cases of intestinal amebiasisin patients aged 3 to 40 years who were on inpatient treatment in Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital named after A.M Nichogi, Astrakhan, in the period from 2014 to 2017. The diagnosis of amebiasis was confirmed by microscopy of feces, detection of antibodies by using reaction of indirect hemagglutination (RHAG) with a specific antigen, determination of DNA of the parasite by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results. It was determined that the incidence of intestinal amebiasis in the Astrakhan region is sporadic with the involvement in the epidemic process of persons of working age from 18 to 40 years (75.6%) and children aged 3 to 10 years (24.6%) of organized groups living in the city. Acute intestinal amebiasis in 86.8% of adults proceeded in mild to moderate form. The clinical course of the disease was characterized by a gradual onset in 82.4%, mucosal-bloody stool in 94.1%, the outcome of a chronic recurrent form in 11.8%. Raspberry jelly-like stool, extraintestinal complications of amebiasis, characteristic of amebiasis of previous years, were absent.The features of intestinal amebiasis in children were: acute onset of the disease in 63.6%, fever 38°C and above in 54.5%, abdominal pain in 95.5%, prolonged diarrhoea with a stool frequency of more than 10 times in 72.7%, stool with blood mucus in 95.5%, tenesmus in 36.4%, dehydration in 18.6% of patients. The mild form of the disease in children was not observed, severe was observed in 54.5%, moderate in 45.5%. The combined course of intestinal amebiasis with bacterial dysentery, proceeded more severely, changed clinical symptoms of the disease, made it difficult to diagnose amebiasis in a timely manner.
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Alqadi, Maktoom A., and Amal H. Abuaffan. "Validity of the Demirjian and Fishman Methods for Predicting Chronological Age Amongst Yemeni Children." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 19, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2019.19.01.006.

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Objectives: There has been an increasing need for reliable chronological age (CA) estimation in several aspects, including orthodontic treatment needs and legal, civil and forensic purposes. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Demirjian and Fishman methods in predicting the CA of Yemeni children. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at seven schools in Sana’a, Yemen, between December 2016 and December 2017. One orthopantomograph and one left hand-wrist X-ray were obtained for each child to calculate the dental age (DA) and skeletal age (SA) which were correlated and compared with the CA. Results: A total of 358 Yemeni children aged 8–16 years were included in this study. The mean CA, DA and SA were 12.00 ± 2.25, 11.34 ± 2.42 and 12.39 ± 1.65 years, respectively. The Demirjian method significantly underestimated the CA by 0.58 ± 1.25 years in the total sample and 0.73 ± 1.30 and 0.40 ± 1.17 years in males and females, respectively (P <0.001). The Fishman method significantly underestimated the CA by 0.23 ± 1.19 and 0.44 ± 1.26 years in the total sample and in males, respectively (P ≤0.02). The Fishman method insignificantly underestimated the females CA by 0.02 ± 1.08 years (P = 0.898). Conclusions: Yemeni CA is highly correlated to DA and SA estimated by the Demirjian and Fishman methods, respectively. The Fishman method was more accurate amongst Yemeni females. Results showed that Yemeni children are delayed in dental development and skeletal maturity.Keywords: Age Determination by Teeth; Age Determination by Skeleton; Children; Adult Children; Diagnostic Imaging; Yemen.
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Badrul, Mohammad, Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah, and Cahyani Budihartanti. "Application of Simple Additive Weighting Method for Determination of Toddler Nutrition Status." SinkrOn 4, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v4i1.10145.

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The nutritional status of children under five is measured by age, weight and height. The weight and height variables are presented in the form of three anthropometric indicators namely weight by age, height by age, and weight by height. By using these indicators the Cipadu-Kreo health center sometimes determines the nutritional status of children under five years of age. Therefore the simple additive weighting (SAW) method is able to decide the nutritional status of toddlers by adding a toddler's body mass index variable, so as to produce the right and valid decision. Then from 20 samples of toddlers categorizing by age group. Obtained the nutritional status results there are 1 toddler get a SAW value of 0.44 with poor nutritional status, 3 toddlers with undernourished status, 8 toddlers with excess nutrition status and 8 toddlers with a balanced nutrition status with the highest SAW value with a value
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Shvets, Oksana. "EMPIRICAL DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE." Scientific bulletin of KRHPA, no. 14 (2022): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2410-2075-2022-14.18.

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Paxton, Mark L., Anthony C. Lamont, and Andrew P. Stillwell. "The reliability of the Greulich-Pyle method in bone age determination among Australian children." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology 57, no. 1 (November 26, 2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9485.2012.02462.x.

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Ranabothu, Saritha, and Frederick J. Kaskel. "Validation of automated Greulich–Pyle bone age determination in children with chronic renal failure?" Pediatric Nephrology 30, no. 7 (April 11, 2015): 1051–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3103-9.

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Martin, David D., Koshi Sato, Mari Sato, Hans Henrik Thodberg, and Toshiaki Tanaka. "Validation of a New Method for Automated Determination of Bone Age in Japanese Children." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 73, no. 5 (2010): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000308174.

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Martin, David D., Dorothee Deusch, Roland Schweizer, Gerhard Binder, Hans Henrik Thodberg, and Michael B. Ranke. "Clinical application of automated Greulich-Pyle bone age determination in children with short stature." Pediatric Radiology 39, no. 6 (March 31, 2009): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-008-1114-4.

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Tang, Yong Mei, Meng Yang, Chang Shu, Yi Liu, and Bi Li. "Application of Quantitative Ultrasound in Determination Bone Mineral Density Situation of Children and Adolescents." Advanced Materials Research 749 (August 2013): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.192.

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Objectives: Use quantitative ultrasound technology to determine the bone density of children and adolescents, understand the status and variation of ultrasonic bone density in children and adolescents.Methods: By stratified random cluster sampling, selected 3629 studenes in five schools in Tangshan and measured height and weight,and determined the right foot heel bone density using ultrasonic bone density analyzer.Results: It showed that the average of ultrasonic bone mineral density were 1535.4±20.6(m/s), decreased at the age of 6 to 9 years old and then increased with the age growth; at the age of 9 was the lowest, the SOS value of ultrasonic bone mineral density rebounded slightly from 10 to 13-year-old, after 13-year-old the SOS value increased with the age growth, the highest was at the age of 19. Ultrasonic bone density was associated with height,weight and body mass index.Conclusions: The development of the bone is a dynamic continuous evolutionary process, bone mineral density presented different rules for the different of age, gender, physical development status.
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Zhang, Ji, Fangqin Lin, and Xiaoyi Ding. "Automatic Determination of the Greulich-Pyle Bone Age as an Alternative Approach for Chinese Children with Discordant Bone Age." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 86, no. 2 (2016): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446434.

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Imelda, Fatwa, Mula Tarigan, and Lidya Eryunika. "The Determination of Visual Inspection in Women of Childbearing Age." Caring: Indonesian Journal of Nursing Science 3, no. 1 (July 18, 2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijns.v3i1.5942.

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Cervical cancer is the most common disease affecting women around the world. Early detection of cervical cancer is needed by using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA). This method is relatively easy to do, and the examination costs are also quite affordable, making it more beneficial for women. This study was to determine the determinants of the VIA Test results. It is quantitative research with a descriptive approach presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. There are 100 samples of women of childbearing age acquired by purposive sampling at Patumbak District, Deli Serdang. From the samples, some respondents receive positive IVA test result as follows: 14% aged 36-35 years old, 14% Protestant, 19% married, 9% high school graduates, 10% housewife, 15% with minimum monthly income, 12% with 3-5 children, 17% has multigravida parity, 14% married at the age of 17-25 years old, 12% first-time mother at the age of 17-25 years old, and 14% with 5+ years using IUD contraception. The study was based on the negative VIA test result but with detected pre-cancerous lesions. Further research with different variables is necessary to acquire more information regarding cervicitis incidence causes, thus, reducing cervical cancer numbers.
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