Academic literature on the topic 'Children's literature Political aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Children's literature Political aspects"
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Taxel, Joel. "Multicultural Literature and the Politics of Reaction." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 98, no. 3 (March 1997): 417–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146819709800302.
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The social climate of the United States of today is dramatically different from that which gave birth to multicultural children's literature. Conservatism's rise to political ascendancy has sharpened the contentious “culture wars” that surround virtually all aspects of American culture. One important dimension of today's conservative movement is a backlash against the multicultural movement. Conservative defenders of the traditional literary canon, for example, see multicultural literature as a threat to the very fabric of Western civilization. Within children's literature circles, charges abound that advocates of multicultural literature are ignoring traditional literary values and are focusing instead on ill-defined notions of “political correctness.” This article explores this complex issue and the challenges it poses to those concerned with the creation, production, distribution, and consumption of children's literature. The discussion addresses questions that speak to the very nature and function of children's literature: its status as art, as entertainment, as a source of role models and ideology for children's “impressionable” minds. Also discussed is the relation between the politically charged question of whether books about African Americans are to be written only by African Americans, books about Native Americans by Native Americans, and so forth, and the freedom of writers to write without restriction.
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OKSANA PYSARCHUK, OKSANA, and RUDENSKYI ROSTYSLAV. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCHING OF THE TOPIC OF WAR IN TOYS AND PLAY ACTIVITIES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.22.2.15.
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The actuality of the study is determined by the need for reaction of teachers and scientists to the phenomena that children reflect in the game – military actions. The professional inadequacy of the methodology for organizing military-themed games encourages scientific research to provide adequate support to teachers and practitioners in wartime. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of military toys, toy weapons usage investigating the theme of war in preschool children’s play activities by analyzing and summarizing the views of child psychologists, psychotherapists, kindergarten teachers and scientists. The following methods were used for the study: analysis, generalization, synthesis. The idea of leisure militarization penetrated not only the games of preschool children, but also children of middle and high school age. The main mechanics were to seize territories and increase military power: men’s and technical. If the role of an adult does not have a purposeful positive impact, then such games will be identified by spontaneity, conflict, consolidation of psychological attitudes, the stronger player wins, and moral norms in such games are not valid.
The results of scientific research are accumulated in the following features: children's games on the theme of war and toy weapons usage have a deep historical origin from the stable stereotypical views on the upbringing of boys and girls; the theme of war and the plots of military events penetrate all kinds of children's games: creative and with rules, while their interpenetration and mutual enrichment is noticeable; games and toys can be the subject of ideological and military reflection and influence of different political and historical periods; such games can reflect the experienced traumatic events, and be necessary means of preventive and psychotherapeutic treatment, etc. It is noted that the organization of children's military-themed games ensures preschoolers’ value orientations formation: patriotism, respect for a person and his life, the value of protecting the Motherland, interest in military’s heroic deeds etc.
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SENIOR, ADELE. "Beginners On Stage: Arendt, Natality and the Appearance of Children in Contemporary Performance." Theatre Research International 41, no. 1 (February 11, 2016): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883315000620.
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This paper examines the complex questions that arise around the appearance of children in contemporary performance. Drawing on performances by Nottingham-based theatre company Zoo Indigo and by Tim Etchells and the Flemish theatre company Victoria, I consider the extent to which Hannah Arendt's theorization of natality as ‘the new beginning inherent in birth’ that gives rise to the political potential to ‘begin something anew’ can help us to understand the ethico-political dimensions of children's appearance as natal, biological and relational beings in contemporary performance. In particular, I draw on feminist interpretations of Arendt's work to articulate the significance of the embodied aspects and ethical quality of children's relation to adult spectators and performers. I argue that these performances prompt a rethinking of the child's potential to generate political intervention, which moves beyond Arendt's gendered account of political agency in a public sphere from which children are excluded.
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Cooper, Christopher A., and Marc Schwerdt. "Depictions of Public Service in Children's Literature: Revisiting an Understudied Aspect of Political Socialization." Social Science Quarterly 82, no. 3 (September 2001): 616–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0038-4941.00046.
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Lensmire, Timothy J., and Diane E. Beals. "Appropriating others' words: Traces of literature and peer culture in a third-grader's writing." Language in Society 23, no. 3 (June 1994): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500018042.
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ABSTRACTMikhail Bakhtin's notion of appropriation is a potentially powerful way to conceptualize discourse development in children. Typically, studies of discourse development have emphasized structural aspects of text. However, children appropriate not only forms, but also words, themes, purposes, and styles. From a developmental point of view, the concept of appropriation raises at least three questions: What is it that children appropriate? Where do they get their material? And what do they do with that material? In an attempt to make sense of appropriation as a developmental construct, we examine one third-grader's writing: Suzanne's book, The missing piece. We find that Suzanne appropriated material from two major sources: (a) adult-authored text – Margaret Sidney's novel, Five little Peppers and how they grew – and (b) the meanings and values of a stratified local peer culture. We conclude by discussing the significance of this work for future research on children's discourse development. (Discourse development, Mikhail Bakhtin, peer culture, social context of writing, children's writing, appropriation)
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Tresnawati, Ni Made Ari. "Nilai- Nilai yang Terkandung dalam Satua Cetrung." Dharma Sastra: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Daerah 1, no. 2 (October 16, 2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/ds.v1i2.2929.
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<em><span lang="EN-US">Balinese literature is historical evidence of Balinese society, which is one part of the national culture which is domiciled as a vehicle for cultural expression which contains aesthetic, religious, and socio-political processing of Balinese society. Satua Bali is one of the traditional Balinese literatures called oral literature. Satua is also a means of moral and character education in children that must be instilled from an early age to shape children's character. By providing indirect guidance through satua (fairy tales), the character, mentality, attitude, and behavior of the child will definitely be affected as well. This is because the aspect of the value of the unit is indeed very high, useful, and useful. Satua Cetrung is a literary work that contains noble values and can be used as a guide in life. The values contained include: religious, logical values , and ethical values.</span></em>
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Bhattacharyya, Kalyanasis. "A QUAGMIRE OF PAROCHIALISM: THE ETHICS OF REFUGEE CHILDREN’S EDUCATION." Khazanah Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/kp.v3i1.10408.
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First, this paper identifies education as one of the main livelihood needs of refugee children, but addresses the “knowledge that lies” inherent in the axiological aspect of the context. Second, this article examines a philosophical understanding of an argumentative situation in which the whole problem of children's education reveals a series of gaps in the political and pedagogical value system. And The articles main purpose is to problematize the system of refugee education through the uncertain narratives of cultural relativity. Using a qualitative approach and several data collection techniques such as observation and literature study and interactive analysis, the researchers found that politics plays a major role in education for refugees, their anger and surveillance are very humane, why politics seems so lame cannot act with certainty given the suffering of refugees all over the world, because it is politics that has co-opted and fears social Darwinism in its power narrative
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Beresneva, Natalia, and Alexander Vnutskikh. "Children’s literature of the Soviet period as a source of philosophical ideas (case of Nikolai Nosov)." Human Affairs 28, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2018-0013.
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Abstract The relevance of the research is due to the interest of modern science in the successful experience of comprehending social reality and of social forecasting in forms nontrivial for systematic rational thinking. T topic is especially important in the context of global instability, in which human civilization has been living for the last decades. The main question is the possible existence of a critical philosophy in terms of the ideological pressure of the Soviet period. The author substantiates the hypothesis that children’s literature could be a form of free development of philosophical thinking, permissible in these circumstances. The research is of practical value to humanities scholars studying Soviet and post-Soviet period Russian culture, literature, philosophy, regardless of their theoretical and ideological orientations, since it examines the philosophical aspects in the works by the Soviet children’s writer Nikolai Nosov, author of trilogy about Dunno (rus. Neznajka), and not well-known abroad. The article justifies the opinion that Nosov’s creative heritage is underestimated both in Russian and foreign humanities and not sufficiently analyzed. Through the analysis of N. Nosov’s texts, undertaken by Russian and foreign scholars and publicists (among which L. Abdel-Rahim and L. Karawan deserve a special mention), implicit social and philosophical ideas are revealed, and the basic social forecasting is determined in relation to the society of ‘developed socialism’. Marxist philosophy had a significant impact on N. Nosov’s worldview; however, the writer is alien to the ideological blinders of the dominant forms of Soviet philosophy. Nosov’s Marxism in the form of popular ‘children’s’ discourse suddenly finds itself able to effectively implement critical and prognostic function of philosophy. Being decades ahead of Soviet ideologists and philosophers in this respect, N. Nosov convincingly showed the problem nature of ‘developed socialism’. An important diagnosis of this society and a forecast for its future is possible ‘breakdown’ of the historical process (despite scientific and technical achievements) due to the insufficient level of culture and consciousness, the immaturity of social relations.
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AKIMOV, SERGEY. "MASTERY OF ART HISTORY METHODOLOGY AS A PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF A TEACHER OF ART HISTORY AT A CHILDREN'S ART SCHOOL." Культурный код, no. 2022-3 (2022): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36945/2658-3852-2022-3-69-86.
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Methodological heritage of classical art studies is considered in this article as a basis for systematization and conceptual understanding of educational material in teaching art history in children's art school. The necessity for a teacher to know the ideas and principles of cultural-historical and formal approaches, iconology, spiritual-historical method of M. Dvořak and his followers is emphasized; an attempt is made to show their significance for pedagogical practice. The works of modern Russian art historians are considered, in which interesting methodological problems are solved and familiarization with which will be useful to teachers in theoretical and practical aspects.
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Michułka, Dorota, and Ryszard Waksmund. "THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD AS AN ACADEMIC COURSE (PART OF THE TEACHING SPECIALIZATION)." Polonistyka. Innowacje, no. 5 (June 2, 2017): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pi.2017.1.5.11.
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The article presents the theme which is connected with programme and syllabus of the department of teacher education and create a question what place the anthropology of child and childhood may take in Polish studies of the 21st century. After many years of laborious research on children’s culture, children’s folklore, ethnography of childhood, sociology of childhood, and children’s pedagogy and psychology, after the discussions about “childhood reinvented” and many “breakthroughs” in studies about the interdisciplinary nature of such research (from Ellen Key’s work, to Janusz Korczak, to Philippe Ariés and Paul Hazard), knowledge of children and youth’s literature and of children’s culture, eventually became a part of Polish studies’ programmes at the university level. In modern times, an additional source of materials are journals and memoirs, which help understand both traumatic and ludic experiences of the child better. Traumatic experiences often appear to be taboo. A special place is reserved for children’s reports of the Holocaust. Our times, which bring many threats to the young (crisis of family, drugs, sexual abuse, child prostitution, homelessness, religious sects, exploitation at work, excessive consumerism, Internet addiction, etc.), are a domain for sociology of childhood and adolescence. Therefore, it seems that a new field of knowledge about childhood is needed, a field that takes into consideration the following, previously neglected aspects: historical, sociological, political-scientific, and ethnographic with the context of children’s folklore, also indeterminacy of child’s social role.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Children's literature Political aspects"
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Du, Plessis Irma. "Crafting popular imaginaries : Stella Blakemore and Afrikaner nationalism." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25581.
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Lake, Wendy M. "Aspects of Ireland in children's fiction : an historical outline and analysis of children's fiction set in Ireland (1850-1986)." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253857.
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Alston, Ann. "Playing happy families : aspects of family in English children's literature, 1818-2003." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434005.
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Daniels, Molly. "The Effects of the Socio-Political Climate on Children’s Literature Over the Past Eighty Years." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/582.
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When looking back through the last eighty years, one thing is certain: the socio-political climate has changed dramatically. From the beginning of the 20th century where racism and sexism was rampant to the beginning of the 21st century where equal rights and acceptance of all is becoming the norm, the climate has flipped throughout the last one hundred years. The question to then ask is how does the climate impact literature, specifically children’s literature. Research shows that children’s literature is impacted, but research does not describe how it is impacted. This thesis will work to qualify the quantitative research by explaining how the socio-political climate impacts children’s literature. By looking at three texts over the past eighty years, the qualitative analysis shows how children’s literature is impacted by the socio-political climate. The three texts that will be analyzed are And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street by Dr. Seuss (1937), Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak (1963), and Ada Twist, Scientist by Andrea Beaty (2016).
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Noh, Jeo-Yong. "T.S. Eliot and The Criterion : aspects of literary and political Toryism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314462.
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Johnsen, Kristen Brooke. "The influence of gender on foreign policy beliefs and behavior : a literature review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53130.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since feminist approaches to international relations (IR) first made their appearance in the late 1980s, efforts to explain the 'gender gap' have proliferated. Gender studies within IR in particular have been focused on foreign policy opinion, seeking to discover whether men and women have different views on foreign policy simply due to the fact that they are of different genders. The correlate of this is that if women believe differently than men, in which way do they believe differently and if this were then taken to its logical end, what would happen if they were more equally responsible for foreign policy decision-making? As an illustration of the varying approaches to feminist IR, this research project undertakes a brief overview of the history of feminist IR, showing how the tools and language of traditional IR do not encompass the needs of feminist IR study. The research article then reviews the literature of gender, feminism and foreign policy beliefs and behavior, examining its research core and evolution to date. Three research questions are covered. Firstly, is gender a relevant variable in foreign policy analysis? Secondly, if yes, does it make a difference to the foreign policy beliefs of women? Thirdly, where women play a significant role in foreign policy decisionmaking, are countries more pacific on the international level? Dealt with separately, foreign policy beliefs are found to have a clear gender-based breakdown. Foreign policy behavior is less simple to approach since the dataset of countries led by women during international disputes is limited. The research project and literature review also looks forward, pointing toward the future, not only of gender and foreign policy studies but also to the implications that future developments in feminist IR may have for the study of IR.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Pogings om die geslagsgaping te verduidelik het vermenigvuldig sedert die feministiese benadering tot Internasionale Verhoudinge die eerste keer in die laat 1980's sy verskyning gemaak het. Geslagstudies binne Internasionale Verhoudinge het veral gefokus op opinies oor buitelandse beleid om sodoende vas te stelof mans en vroue verskillende sienings oor buitelandse beleid huldig bloot as gevolg van die feit dat hulle verskillende geslagte is. Die keersy hiervan is dat indien vroue anders glo as mans, op watter manier hulle anders glo, en - indien dit dan tot 'n logiese uiteinde gevoer word - wat sou gebeur indien daar meer gelyke verantwoordelikheid vir buitelandse beleidsbesluite sou wees. As 'n illustrasie van die verskillende benaderings tot feministiese Internasionale Verhoudinge, onderneem hierdie navorsingsprojek 'n oorsig van die geskiedenis van feministiese Internasionale Verhoudinge om sodoende te toon dat die gereedskap en taal van tradisionele Internasionale Verhoudinge nie aan die behoeftes van feministiese Internasionale Verhoudingstudies voldoen nie. Hierdie navorsingsartikel gee dan 'n oorsig oor geslagsliteratuur, feminisme en buitelandse beleidsopinies en -gedrag deur sy navorsingskern en evolusie tot datum te ondersoek. Drie navorsingsvrae word behandel. Eerstens, is geslag 'n relevante veranderlike in buitelandse beleidsanalise? Tweedends, indien ja, veranderdit die buitelandse beleidsopinies van vroue? Derdens, is lande meer passief op internasionale vlak waar vroue 'n wesentlike rol in buitelandse beleidsbesluitneming speel? Afsonderlik beskou, is daar gevind dat daar 'n duidelike geslagsonderskeid in buitelandse beleidsopinies is. Dis egter minder eenvoudig om buitelandse beleidsgedrag te bestudeer, aangesien slegs beperkte inligting oor lande wat gedurende internasionale dispute deur vroue beheer is beskikbaar is. Die navorsingsprojek en literatuuroorsig kyk ook vorentoe met spesifieke verwysing na die toekoms van nie net geslag en buitelandse beleidstudies nie, maar ook na die implikasies wat toekomstige verwikkelinge In feministiese Internasionale Verhoudinge 'n vir die studie van tradisionele Internasionale Verhoudinge kan hê.
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Sinibaldi, Caterina. "Between censorship and propaganda : the translation and rewriting of children's literature during facism." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56235/.
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The thesis sets out to examine the little studied phenomenon of translating and rewriting children’s literature during Fascism. Under Mussolini’s rule, books for children had to perform the important task of forging the ‘new Italians’. For this reason, the presence of foreign literature on the Italian book market became increasingly problematic, as the regime attempted to achieve cultural and economic autarchy. This research aims to show how, rather than merely reflecting dominant ideologies, the translation of books for children was a site for negotiation, allowing different, and sometimes conflicting narratives and discourses to be identified and fruitfully examined. By adopting an interdisciplinary theoretical framework, where theories from Translation Studies, Children’s Literature, and studies on Fascism, are integrated, translations and rewritings of books for children are employed as hermeneutic tools to explore the multifaceted nature of the regime’s ideology and cultural production, beyond the official façade of unity and consistency. Central questions concerning the construction and defense of Fascist identity are addressed through a selection of case studies, showing different strategies and functions of translating and rewriting for children. The Fascist rewritings of Collodi’s Pinocchio are analysed in relation to Fascism’s relationship with tradition, focusing on the ways in which the past was ‘rewritten’ at different phases of the dictatorship. The challenges of translating a book that had been openly condemned by Fascist institutions are examined by looking at the two translations of Alice in Wonderland which appeared during the 1930s. The complex reception and the controversial success of American comics is investigated, where the different strategies of translation and re-creation reveal complex dynamics of interactions between imported and native products. Finally, the process of rewriting an apparently timeless and universal tradition is observed in the book series ‘La Scala d’Oro’, which was highly regarded by official culture, despite publishing mostly foreign titles.
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Sham, Hok-man Desmond, and 岑學敏. "Sinophone comparative literature: problems, politics and possibilities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182530.
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Pletz, Janet, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Literature-as-lived in practice : young children's sense of voice." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/730.
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This study, situated in classroom practice and grounded in pedagogic wakefulness
(Clandinin and Connelly, 2000), explores the nature of young children’s sense of
voice as indicated through sustained interactions and representations of experiences
with picturebook literature. The naturalistic research site was a grade one classroom
setting in a large urban school. Student engagement and interactions with read-aloud
events and responses to literature through multi-modal representations perpetuated
meaning making and personal relevance. Coding procedures exemplified the nature
of young children’s sense of voice as falling into two broad conceptual categories: (1)
Situated Nature and (2) Experiential Nature. The Situated Nature of young children’s
sense of voice revealed developmental, exploratory, and social sites of student
engagement to literature. The Experiential Nature of young children’s sense of voice
described three specificities of narrativity in their responses to picturebook literature:
Young children’s multi-modal responses were interpreted as representative of Self-
Narrativity, Interpretive-Narrativity, and Aesthetic-Narrativity. The findings
contribute to a reconceptualized literacy curriculum which illuminates personal,
social, and cultural identities, especially young children’s awareness of their
individual sense of voice, developed through picturebook literature in primary
classrooms.xii, 151 leaves : col. ill. ; 29 cm.
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Martin, Kimberly Bartels. "A descriptive view of the portrayal of Jewish and Christian lifestyles in award-winning children's books from 1960 to 1990 using content analysis." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722242.
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The extent to which Jewish and Christian lifestyle actions were portrayed in 62 children's books of accepted literary worth was studied. The researcher read the Newbery award book and one Newbery honor book for each year in search of actions that Jewish and Christians active in their faiths deemed important. The sample consisted of the Newbery award book and one Newbery honor book for each year from 1960 to 1990. A content analysis of 13 action categories found that the five most common actions were (1) compassionate/ charitable deeds, (2) telling others about God, (3) prayer, (4) worship attendance and (5) reading the Bible. No significant change in the frequency of the 13 actions was found over time. However, the researcher found that Jewish and Christian lifestyles were portrayed only nominally in the Newbery books. The sample distribution shows that 65 percent of the sampled books contained fewer than the mean of 4.9 actions per 100 pages. Only six books contained strong Jewish or Christian characters - that is, main characters whose faith in God was portrayed as playing an important role in everyday life. Jewish characters of any kind (prominent or obscure) were found in only three books. Of the eight books that contained more than 10 actions per 100 pages, only one was about people in a contemporary setting: The Great Gillv Hopkins (1979). Actions were recorded regardless of which character committed them. In four books, characters' actions seemed inconsistent with the rest of the character's portrayed lifestyle. Some books contained a large number of actions contrary to Judeo-Christian lifestyles, with portrayals of hate and cruelty far outweighing portrayals of Jewish or Christian lifestyle actions. The most extreme of these wereThe Tombs of Atuan (1972) and The Witches of Worm (1973). Other studies have asserted that multicultural literature should be preferred because children need positive exposure to all cultures. This study concludes that portrayal of the cultures of committed Jews and Christians has not been common of the Newbery books since at least 1960.Department of Journalism
Books on the topic "Children's literature Political aspects"
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Politics and ideology in children's literature. Dublin, Ireland: Four Courts Press, 2014.
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Children's literature and the politics of equality. New York: Teachers College Press, 1997.
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Bradford, Clare. Unsettling narratives: Postcolonial readings of children's literature. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2007.
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Children's literature and the politics of equality. London: David Fulton Publ., 1997.
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Riukulehto, Sulevi. Politiikkaa lastenkirjoissa. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2001.
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Jugendliteratur und Politik: Gesellschaftliche Aspekte der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Frankfurt am Main: Dipa-Verlag, 1986.
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L, Mickenberg Julia, and Nel Philip 1969-, eds. Tales for little rebels: A collection of radical children's literature. New York: New York University Press, 2008.
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The political philosophy behind Dr. Seuss's cartoons and poetry: Decoding the adult meaning of a children's text. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 2015.
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Ahamada, Iqabāla. Sāṃskr̥tika ekatā kā guladastā. Naī Dillī: Prakāśana Vibhāga, Sūcana aura Prasāraṇa Mantrālaya, Bhārata Sarakāra, 1993.
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al-Laṭīf, Sanāʾ ʻAbd. Hakadhā yurabbī al-Yahūd aṭfālahum. Dimashq: Dār al-Qalam, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Children's literature Political aspects"
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Katsikas, Dimitris, and Pery Bazoti. "Managing the Crisis in Greece: The Missing Link between External Conditionality and Domestic Political Economy." In Financial Crisis Management and Democracy, 145–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54895-7_8.
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AbstractThe handling of the Greek crisis was not successful. Despite the sacrifices that the Greek people had to endure, the country’s structural problems both in the public sector and the economy have not been resolutely resolved. This chapter offers an explanation for this failure. The main idea is to connect the externally imposed policy conditionality, with the particular characteristics of Greece’s domestic political economy, seeking to integrate an analysis of impediments and opportunities for structural reform. While the literature on external institutional constraints emphasizes the possibility for achieving convergence, the institutionalist literature points towards divergence among national political economies, as institutional change and policy performance are conditioned by crucial intervening variables, namely, aspects of the domestic institutional infrastructure. In this context, Greece is a paradigmatic case of long-delayed or stalled reforms despite external pressures that promoted them. While most attention has been paid to the weaknesses of the EMU, this analysis’ emphasis is on the role of crucial domestic factors. The analysis takes place in three steps: (a) the outline of Greece’s institutional profile and growth trajectory based on an analysis of formal and informal domestic institutions; (b) the description and analysis of the design, implementation and impact of the adjustment programs; and (c) in view of (a) and (b) an assessment of whether the adjustment programs implemented in Greece took into consideration the characteristics of the country’s political economy, and how and to what degree the failure to do so accounts for their results.
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Lois, Daniel. "Social Networks, Family Social Capital, and Child Health." In Social Networks and Health Inequalities, 109–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97722-1_7.
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AbstractThis article reviews literature on social network effects on children's health. Regarding structural aspects, it can be seen that social networks for children consist in the inner circle mainly of members of the core family (parents, siblings) and in the extended circle of other family members such as grandparents and friends. Network size and the proportion of friends in the network increase with the age of the children. With regard to network effects on health it becomes clear that child health is influenced directly by the child’s social network as well as indirectly by the social network of the parents. Of the various theoretical mechanisms that can be used to explain these findings —for example, social support, social contagion, or social control—the support mechanism is best empirically confirmed. Furthermore, it is consistently shown that family social capital correlates positively with the socioeconomic resources of parents in Western industrialized countries. In emerging and developing countries, it is apparent that children’s health is increasingly dependent on the availability of social support.
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Alpan, Başak. "Europeanization and EU–Turkey Relations: Three Domains, Four Periods." In EU-Turkey Relations, 107–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70890-0_5.
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AbstractEuropeanization is deservedly one of the most popular yet most volatile buzzwords for Turkish politics and EU–Turkey relations. This chapter takes stock of the Europeanization literature and examines the EU–Turkey relationship by referring to particular mechanisms and variants of Europeanization. The main argument is that Europeanization is a versatile and complex process covering vast areas of policy, politics, and polity, intertwined with larger domestic, regional, and global processes, which is not limited to Turkey’s EU accession. The analysis refers to particular mechanisms and variants of Europeanization in four different phases between 1963 and early 2020: In the first period, ‘Europeanization as rapprochement’, Turkey’s age-old Westernization project was consolidated through Europeanization. In the second period, ‘Europeanization as democratic conditionality’, there has been strong interest in the impact of Europeanization on particular aspects of domestic issues through conditionality and the EU’s role as a ‘democratization anchor’. In the third period, ‘Europeanization as retrenchment’, and the fourth period, ‘Europeanization as denial’, ‘Europe’ was no longer the lingua franca in the Turkish political landscape, a trend that is also associated with a ‘de-Europeanization’ turn in the literature. This does not mean that ‘Europe’ completely disappeared from domestic policy orientations, political debates, and identity negotiations. Rather, Ankara used ‘Europe’ strategically to justify actions that were criticized by the EU.
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"The Social/Political Context." In White Supremacy in Children's Literature, 157–88. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203905111-13.
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"The Guys Are the Prize: Adolescent Fiction, Masculinity, and the Political Unconscious of Australian Book Awards." In Prizing Children's Literature, 59–71. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315625249-11.
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Todres, Jonathan, Sarah Higinbotham, and Carol Bellamy. "Civil and Political Rights of Children." In Human Rights in Children's Literature, 117–42. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190213343.003.0005.
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"Contemporary Coming of Age(ncy): Narratives of Political Violence and Death in El Salvador and Guatemala: “So that Future Generations May be Aware”." In Global Perspectives on Death in Children's Literature, 146–58. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315746821-19.
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Roy, Malini. "The “Lynx-Eyed Sagacity” of the “Schoolboy”." In Intergenerational Solidarity in Children's Literature and Film, 191–204. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496831910.003.0014.
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This chapter discusses the children’s books written by political philosopher and literary figure William Godwin, which he produced for his London-based publishing-cum-bookselling enterprise “Juvenile Library” (1805–1825). According to Godwin, he used to “consult” his own five children in the process of producing these books—a claim whose import has been overlooked in the growing body of critical studies of these books. The “Juvenile Library” books earned State surveillance and public attention in a historical era marked by State repression of free speech during the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815). Criticism has, justifiably, appreciated these books as a development of Godwin’s radical political thought and liberal pedagogies in the 1790s. However, by analyzing Godwin’s children’s biography Life of Lady Jane Grey (1806), this chapter asserts that the provocative nature of these books derives from Godwin’s pioneering initiation of processes of intergenerational dialogue. The chapter shows that Godwin initiates such dialogue by demonstrating to child readers that texts can be read productively in multiple and dissonant ways.
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Grzegorczyk, Blanka. "“Something there is that doesn’t Love a Wall”." In Intergenerational Solidarity in Children's Literature and Film, 147–61. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496831910.003.0011.
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This chapter reads post-9/11 children’s fiction such as Sita Brahmachari’s Tender Earth (2017) and Rachel Anderson’s Asylum (2011) as a counter-narrative to the voices of anti-immigrant rhetoric that reduce human beings to the status of objects and threats, as an expression of a common humanity that involves young readers in a recognition of its fundamental condition of precariousness, and as an opening up to globality that seeks to conceive of the cosmo-political solidarity required by anti-racism as an intergenerational and intercultural tackling of global imbalances of power. The chapter traces the way in which these writers credit their young protagonists with the capacity to mobilize such alliances, which are shaped by a rearticulated humanist ethics focused on the precariousness of all life and by principled opposition to the nationalist, racist, and rights-stripping thinking with which the popular language of immigration has been entangled.
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Grenby, Matthew. "Thomas Spence, Children’s Literature and ‘Learning … Debauched by Ambition’." In Liberty, Property and Popular Politics. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474405676.003.0010.
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This chapter examines the synergies between Thomas Spence's work as a radical educationalist and the non-canonical utopian children's literature of John Newbery. One of the most infamous phrases of the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century ‘war of ideas’ came from Edmund Burke, who described the people as a ‘swinish multitude’. This ‘swinish multitude’ barb was used in the context of scholarship and education, something that the chapter argues would appear particularly provocative to Spence. A teacher himself, Spence recognised how important children's education was to social and political renewal. By juxtaposing Newbery's publications and Spence's writings, this chapter highlights the remarkable radicalism of mid-eighteenth-century children's literature and emphasises the importance of education as a strand of Spence's utopian thinking.
Conference papers on the topic "Children's literature Political aspects"
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Guseva, Olga. "K. Tańska-Hoffmanowa - Creator of the Polish Children's Literature." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.08.
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Marci-Boehncke, Gudrun, Matthias O. Rath, Thomas Goll, and Michael Steinbrecher. "HOW TO BECOME POLITICAL? BASIC CONCEPTS FOR EXPLORING EARLY CHILDHOOD UNDERSTANDING OF POLITICS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end038.
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"In the interdisciplinary project PoJoMeC, we investigate children's understanding of politics at preschool and primary school age. The interdisciplinary research approach is based on the perspectives of political didactics, literature and media didactics, and journalism. Initially, we will use qualitative approaches to find out how children's political awareness is shown. Our research methods focus on the one hand on the children's explicit knowledge, but on the other hand already on concepts of rule-governed action. The different degrees of abstraction of these concepts are based on a modification of the ecological model of human development according to Uri Bronfenbrenner (1979). The paper reconstructs the argumentative process of developing an acceptable interdisciplinary concept of politics for our joint research. Considering political didactics, literature and media studies, and philosophy, a research framework is presented that does not start with terms and concepts but considers more fundamental forms of social perception."
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Xu, Jing, and Duoduo Zhang. "From disembodied to embodied: the embodied transformation of children's architectural education learning situation design." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002386.
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The current traditional teaching mode of children's architectural education makes children's bodies detached from the situation, and there are problems such as abstract knowledge, single perception, and lack of practice. Based on the concept of embodied learning, this paper proposes a design strategy for embodied learning situations, and on this theoretical basis, designs and implements children's educational practice services based on Huayao's traditional architectural culture. Firstly, through literature research, based on situational learning and embodied cognition theory, analyze the characteristics of children's cognition, explore the internal connection between situation and children's architectural education, discuss the significance of embodied theory in the design of learning situations, and draw the conclusion of the learning process of embodied situations. Three stages, namely perception, engagement, and reflection on the situation. On this basis, it proposes the design strategy of embodied learning situation, and discusses four aspects: daily cultural situation, embodied resource situation, role task situation, and evaluation generation situation. Provide an effective reference for the design of architectural education activities for children, and design learning situations through embodied concepts to help children in architectural education activities to explore interaction, knowledge transfer, and cultural generation, and improve creativity and innovative thinking.
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Misheva, Kristina, and Marija Ampovska. "THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF TELEHEALTH." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22436.
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Telehealth seems to be the new normal in this fast-changing environment. According to the European Commission eHealth was among the highest priorities before the COVID -19 pandemic. Transformation of health and care in the digital single market is among the EU`s six political priorities of the Commission 2019-2024 (2018 Communication on Digital Health and Care). The pandemic caused by COVID-19 just accelerates the necessity of the inclusion of digital health into the traditional healthcare systems. Telehealth services are among the biggest eHealth trends in EU. Therefore, one of the challenges is the national, regional and regulatory priorities regarding telehealth. There is lack of telehealth special legislative and governmental policies that needs to stimulate the developing and innovative solutions in medicine through technology and to envisage the upcoming innovation technology. Therefore, the government support and adequate policy making is important to support the development of the telehealth services. One of the main challenges is the electronic transactions of patient data among the telehealth providers and services and the cross-border patient data share. Another issue is the exchange of information among the national health institutions and providers and their interoperability. The Macedonian legislation does not have special legislation (policies, or laws) about telehealth. Telehealth is regulated as a term in the Law on health protection. Additionally, there is a lack of national acts, literature, and research in this subject matter. Thus, this paper will explore the telehealth from two main perspectives: scientific theories and legal practice and the users’ practice. Hence, this paper will analyze the legislation about the telehealth on the EU level and the EU Member States and the Macedonian legislation and the impact on the e-health that was made during COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it will make comparative analyses among different countries into the EU zone compared with the EU aspirant country- the Republic of North Macedonia. A survey conducted among doctors in private and public healthcare institutions in the primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels in the city of Stip and in the city of Skopje will provide data about the challenges, risks, and trends in telehealth before and during COVID -19.
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NICA, Elvira, Ana-Mădălina POTCOVARU, and Ioana PĂDURARIU. "THE EFFECT OF INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION ON CIVIL SERVANTS’ PERFORMANCE." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/04.10.
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Over the past two decades, research on public service motivation and civil servants’ performance has been developed continuously. This article examines the key aspects of the literature on public service motivation and performance of the public sector. Research on this subject shows that public service motivation has a great impact on individual and organizational performance. The literature provides a lot of examples in which the quality of human resources management influences organizational performance. The key aspects of the literature on public service motivation are referring to: political motivation, public interest and social responsibility, civic duty, social justice,, social compassion, and self-sacrifice (Hammerschmid et al., 2009). The aim of the article is to examine the factors that influence civil servants' performance. This article analyses differences between intrinsic and extrinsic incentives to suggest management implications directed to support motivation and performance of employees in public organizations.
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Carvalho, Luiz Paulo, José Antonio Suzano, Jonice Oliveira, Juliana Baptista dos Santos França, and Flávia Maria Santoro. "Ethics: What is the Research Scenario in the Brazilian Symposium SBSC?" In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Colaborativos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsc.2022.19484.
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Ethics is a human construction, therefore historical, social and cultural. It is impossible to conceive Collaborative Systems without thinking about ethics, because this is manifested in the practices between us. The largest academic-scientific event dedicated to the field of CS in Brazil is the Brazilian Symposium on Collaborative Systems. Through a Systematic Literature Review, we aim to answer the question: what is the panorama of the explicit occurrence of ethical aspects in the publications of the main track of the SBSC? Considering the importance of ethics associated with free, conscious and intentional human practice in a collective and collaborative scope, how are ethical aspects considered, if any, in the communications of these researches? In this sense, what was initially proposed as an Systematic Literature Review became a stimulus to reflection, why are ethical aspects neglected? More than that, is there any way to improve ethical deliberation or is this neglect a symptom of the current political-scientific state of the event?
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Gerni, Cevat, Selahattin Sarı, Mustafa Kemal Değer, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "Liberalism and Economic Growth in Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00290.
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In the world economy, since 1960s, countries, which are open and apply liberal policies succeeded higher economic growth and welfare. Therefore, liberal policies became more attractive. In that case, the transition, which has political, economic, and socio-cultural aspects, means moving from socialist-authoritarian structure to market based-liberal structures. In the literature, there are many studies which point out labor force and capital are not significant on the economic growth. In addition, the literature focuses on the importance of institutions on the economic growth. In this study, we compare the countries which were quickly away from the socialist structures with the countries which were slow on the reforms. Our analysis depends on their economic growth with cross section. However, we know the importance of institutional aspects on the growth research; therefore, we applied 2SLS regression analysis and to determine the economic liberalism indicators we used political rights, civil liberties, years that were under the socialism, openness, secondary school ratio, and public spending/GDP ratio. In the late phase, GDP per capita, as an indicator of economic growth, is explained with an independent variable which is predicted in the first phase via liberalism variable, and labor-population ratio and constant capital stock GDP ratio variables used in Neo-classical Solow-type growth model.
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REIM, Wiebke, David Sjödin, Vinit PARIDA, Ulrika ROVA, and Paul CHRISTAKOPOULOS. "BIO-ECONOMY BASED BUSINESS MODELS FOR THE FOREST SECTOR – A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.109.
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The shift towards a bio-economy is one of the main focus areas of political initiatives aiming for a society relying on renewable biological sources while achieving economic growth. The forest sector is expected to contribute significantly to the development of the bio-economy which at the same time support rural development by creating new markets for advanced forest based products. However there is a need to focus more on the economic feasibility of such initiatives. Literature on bio-economy often implicitly addresses certain aspects connected to business models but is lacking a holistic perspective on the role of business models for the successful shift towards a bio-economy in the forest sector. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review about bio-economy business models in the forest sector to advance the understanding about increased and sufficient value generation necessary to persuade a shift towards bio-economy. This paper is based on a systematic review of 42 scientific journal articles and book chapters on forest based bio-economy. The first result of the article is a structured aggregation of the existing bio-economy business models including the maturity and potential for large scale application. The main implication of the paper is an overall framework on how to facilitate the commercialization of bio-economy based business models through an improved understanding of all elements of the business model canvas to reach market acceptance of innovative business models. Recommendations for future research are presented in the end of the paper.
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Korolevski, Svetlana. "The History of an Institute through the History of a Section or about the Capitalization of the Literary Heritage at Chisinau." In Conferință științifică internațională "Filologia modernă: realizări şi perspective în context european". “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/filomod.2022.16.40.
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The reintegration of the classical values in the cultural life of postwar Bessarabia was a long and difficult path, because of the involvement of the political factor, the powerful impact of the sociological mentality, and from here – the selective exegetical approach, influenced by the ideology of power and the enforcing of restrictive and dogmatically norms, with focus on certain writers and works, certain aspects of those. Among the most active and competent representatives of the literary heritage in the area between the rivers Prut and Nistru from the second half of the 20th century were the literary historians Efim Levit, Eugeniu Russev, Haralambie Corbu, Pavel Zavulan, Ion Vasilenco, Lazăr Ciobanu, Vasile Ciocanu, Pavel Balmuş, researchers from the Classical literature section (today the Premodern and modern Romanian literature Section of the Institute of Romanian Philology „Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu”). Their achievements in the literary and historical areas constitutes the subject of this article.
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Palmisano, Fabrizio, John Cairns, and Antonia Menga. "Anchorage/lap strength of bars in RC structures in case of low concrete cover thickness." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1057.
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<p>In recent years the assessment of existing structures has become a topic of huge interest all over the world due to environmental, economic and socio-political assets. However, the approach to the assessment of existing structures is in many aspects different from that used for the design of a new structure. This is why there is a necessity to develop new formulations for old materials and products that are consistent with the requirements and the reliability-based approach of current codes of practice. In this scenario, this article analyses a topic very common in existing RC structures, namely the effect of low concrete cover thickness on the anchorage/lap strength of bars. The main aim of the article is to give practical formulations that can be included in future codes of practice. To this aim a novel formulation recently proposed is firstly analysed and then validated against a database of tests taken from the literature.</p>
Reports on the topic "Children's literature Political aspects"
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Narvaez, Liliana, and Caitlyn Eberle. Technical Report: Southern Madagascar food insecurity. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/jvwr3574.
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Southern Madagascar’s worst drought in 40 years had devastating cumulative effects on harvest and livelihoods. On top of this, frequent sandstorms and pest infestations have led to severe stress on vegetation triggering a drastic decline in rice, maize and cassava production. These environmental aspects, combined with a lack of livelihood diversification and ongoing poverty, the presence of cattle raiders and restrictive government decisions, have driven the population of southern Madagascar to acute food insecurity conditions. By December 2021, more than 1.6 million people were estimated to have been suffering high levels of food insecurity. This case is an example of how multiple, complex environmental and social factors can combine to trigger a profound crisis in a territory, where vulnerable groups, such as children under five, tend to be particularly affected. Environmental degradation, together with socioeconomic and political dynamics are leaving vulnerable people even more exposed to food crises with few livelihood options or safety nets to cope with disasters. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Southern Madagascar food insecurity through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Haider, Huma. Political Settlements: The Case of Moldova. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.065.
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The new elite in post-1991 independent Moldova gradually captured state institutions, while internal drivers of reforms have generally been weak. Civil society has had limited effectiveness; and the media is largely dominated by political and business circles (BTI, 2022). The Moldovan diaspora has emerged in recent years, however, as a powerful driver of reform. In addition, new political parties and politicians have in recent years focused on common social and economic problems, rather than exploiting identity and geopolitical cleavages. These two developments played a crucial role in the transformative changes in the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2020 and 2021, respectively.1 The new Moldovan leadership has experienced many challenges, however, in achieving justice and anti-corruption reforms—the primary components of their electoral platform—due to the persistence of rent-seeking and corruption in the justice sector (Minzarari, 2022). This rapid review examines literature—primarily academic and non-governmental organisation (NGO)-based—in relation to the political settlement of Moldova. It provides an overview of the political settlement framework and the political history of Moldova. It then draws on the literature to explore aspects of the social foundation and the power configuration in Moldova; and implications for governance and inclusive development. The report concludes with recommendations for government, domestic reformers, Moldovan society, and donors for improving inclusive governance and development in Moldova, identified throughout the literature. This report does not cover political settlement in relation to Transnistria.
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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.
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The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
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Haider, Huma. Humanitarian Access Issues Linked to Peace Processes: Advantages, Disadvantages and Examples. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.057.
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Political mediators and humanitarian negotiators both seek to stabilise a conflict situation. However, the goal of political mediators is to build a political consensus to address the causes of the conflict, while the goal of humanitarian negotiators is to address the immediate humanitarian consequences: specifically access to aid and protection of vulnerable populations. This report provides a general overview of potential advantages, disadvantages, risks and challenges of linking humanitarian issues to ceasefires and peace processes, based on a range of academic and practitioner literature. This is followed by a case study of Syria, where there is some emergent academic literature that looks at the incorporation of humanitarian access issues in ceasefires and peace processes—and outcomes for civilians, in terms of protection and access to aid. It also takes a brief look at civilian monitoring and recent humanitarian ceasefires in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. Examples and evidence of humanitarian issues linked to ceasefires and peace processes—and the impacts on protection of civilians and humanitarian access—is extremely sparse. This is stated in the literature itself, which covers varying aspects of this research.
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Haider, Huma. Fostering a Democratic Culture: Lessons for the Eastern Neighbourhood. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.131.
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Political culture is the values, beliefs, and emotions that members of a society express about the political regime and their role in it (Pickering, 2022, p. 5). Norms, values, attitudes and practices considered integral to a “culture of democracy”, according to the Council of Europe, include: a commitment to public deliberation, discussion, and the free expression of opinions; a commitment to electoral rules; the rule of law; and the protection of minority rights; peaceful conflict resolution. The consolidation of democracy involves not only institutional change, but also instilling a democratic culture in a society (Balčytienė, 2021). Research on democratic consolidation in various countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) finds that a key impediment to consolidation is the persistence of old, authoritarian political culture that undermines political and civic participation. This rapid review looks at aspects of democratic culture and potential ways to foster it, focusing on educational initiatives and opportunities for civic action — which comprise much of the literature on developing the values, attitudes and behaviours of democracy. Discussion on the strengthening of democratic institutions or assistance to electoral processes is outside the scope of the report.
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Haider, Huma. Education, Conflict, and Stability in South Sudan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.129.
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This Emerging Issues Report explores the relationship between education, conflict, and (in)stability in South Sudan, drawing on a wide range of academic, policy, and programming literature. There is a growing body of research on the ways in which education can both exacerbate conflict and contribute to peace. The 4Rs framework (focusing on aspects of Redistribution, Recognition, Representation, and Reconciliation) provides a holistic way to explore and address the education system’s relationship to economic, social, cultural and political development processes; and its role in producing or exacerbating inequalities that fuel grievances and ultimately conflict (Novelli et al., 2019, 2016). The 4Rs framework is adopted throughout this report, at the start of each main section, providing summaries of key issues in the delivery of education and outcomes in South Sudan. These summaries are also presented in this overview. The report also looks at the interaction of donor interventions in education with conflict and stability in South Sudan, focusing on the Girls’ Education South Sudan (GESS) programme (see below), but also drawing on a few other interventions. While there is a range of donor reports and other literature that outline and discuss these initiatives and their impacts, there is limited research that makes explicit connections to their interactions with conflict and (in)stability.
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Fieldsend, Astrid. Evidence and Lessons Learned Regarding the Effect of Equitable Quality Education on ‘Open Society’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.094.
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The purpose of this review is to assist FCDO in understanding the evidence of impact and any valuable lessons regarding the effect equitable quality education can have on ‘open society’. The search revealed that there is a considerable volume of evidence which focuses on education’s ability to reduce poverty, increase economic growth, boost employability and achieve better health outcomes. There is less which focuses on the aspects of ‘open society’ as defined in this paper. The scope of this review was narrowed to focus upon areas of the ‘open society’ definition where the most evidence does exist, given the timeframe for the review. The scope was narrowed to focus on: democracy, civic engagement, and social cohesion. The review of the literature found strong evidence that equitable quality education can have a range of positive impacts on democracy (specifically, its institutions and processes), civic engagement and social cohesion. There is a considerable body of evidence which indicates that there is a correlation between equitable quality education and benefits to societies (more peaceful, higher levels of trust, greater participation in politics, etc). However, there was no clear evidence that investment in equitable quality education directly leads to positive societal outcomes. This is because there are so many other factors to account for in attempting to prove causation. The lack of rigorous studies which attempt to attribute causation demonstrates a clear evidence gap. It is important to note that education systems themselves are politicised and cannot be divorced from the political process. The extent to which education can impact positively on open society depends a great deal on the value education has within the political system in which it is operating.
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Kelly, Luke. Humanitarian Considerations in Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR). Institute of Development Studies, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.106.
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This rapid literature review finds that disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) raises a number of humanitarian considerations, centred on the treatment of participants and the unintended consequences of the programmes. In particular, DDR undertaken during conflicts is linked to several protection risks and is difficult to implement in a neutral, equitable and humanitarian manner. By humanitarian concerns, this report means: • Some of the functions undertaken in DDR, • Humanitarian risks to individuals in DDR programmes, • Indirect risks of conflict arising from DDR programmes; DDR is a broad and multi-faceted process involving security, humanitarian and development aspects and actors, with wide-ranging impacts. Humanitarian actors do not undertake DDR, but they may support some DDR processes, and maybe affected by DDR or its effects. According to UN guidance and the academic literature, successful DDR will consider socio-economic conditions in the community, as well as for the ex-combatants. It should be attuned to the range of needs of participants and should abide by relevant international law. The political dynamics of a conflict or post-conflict situation shape the success of DDR. It was first used in post-conflict situations, but the increasing use of DDR in ongoing conflicts creates new difficulties. The failure or partial implementation creates many humanitarian problems. This may arise from a lack of resources; competing authorities (and particularly the co-option of DDR for war aims); ongoing conflict and instability; mistakes in implementation; and socio-economic conditions unconducive to successful reintegration. Unsuccessful DDR may see partially demobilised actors remain dangerous, or may fuel new grievances around the perceived unfairness of granting support to former combatants. There is a large body of evidence on the successes and failures of DDR programmes, how they vary over time and across contexts, and guidance on how to implement DDR. Relatively little refers explicitly to humanitarian concerns, but many of the issues covered can be characterised as humanitarian. DDR has been employed in many situations since the 1980s, meaning that it is not possible to comprehensively survey the guidance or case study evidence. Instead, this review focuses on the main areas where DDR can be said to raise humanitarian concerns, with a particular focus on the problems raised by DDR in ongoing conflicts.
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Coelho Resende, Noelle, Renata Weber, Jardel Fischer Loeck, Mathias Vaiano Glens, Carolina Gomes, Priscila Farfan Barroso, Janine Targino, Emerson Elias Merhy, Leandro Dominguez Barretto, and Carly Machado. Working Paper Series: Therapeutic Communities in Brazil. Edited by Taniele Rui and Fiore Mauricio. Drugs, Security and Democracy Program, Social Science Research Council, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/ssrc.2081.d.2021.
Full textAbstract:
Spread across Brazil and attaining an unparalleled political force, therapeutic communities are as inescapable in the debate on drug policy as they are complex to define. Although they are not a Brazilian creation, they have been operating in that country for decades, and their dissemination intensified in the 1990s. In 2011, they were officially incorporated into Brazil's Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, or RAPS). Since then, therapeutic communities have been at the center of public debates about their regulation; about how they should—or even if they should—be a part of the healthcare system; about the level of supervision to which they should be submitted; about their sources of funding, particularly whether or not they should have access to public funding; and, most importantly, about the quality of the services they offer and the many reports of rights violation that have been made public. However, a well-informed public debate can only flourish if the available information is based on sound evidence. The SSRC’s Drugs, Security and Democracy Program is concerned with the policy relevance of the research projects it supports, and the debate around therapeutic communities in Brazil points to a clear need for impartial research that addresses different cross-cutting aspects of this topic in its various dimensions: legal, regulatory, health, and observance of human rights, among others. It is in this context that we publish this working paper series on therapeutic communities in Brazil. The eight articles that compose this series offer a multidisciplinary view of the topic, expanding and deepening the existing literature and offering powerful contributions to a substantive analysis of therapeutic communities as instruments of public policy. Although they can be read separately, it is as a whole that the strength of the eight articles that make up this series becomes more evident. Even though they offer different perspectives, they are complementary works in—and already essential for—delineating and understanding the phenomenon of therapeutic communities in Brazil.