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McLaughlin, Katie A., Karestan C. Koenen, Evelyn J. Bromet, Elie G. Karam, Howard Liu, Maria Petukhova, Ayelet Meron Ruscio, et al. "Childhood adversities and post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence for stress sensitisation in the World Mental Health Surveys." British Journal of Psychiatry 211, no. 5 (November 2017): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.197640.
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BackgroundAlthough childhood adversities are known to predict increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic experiences, it is unclear whether this association varies by childhood adversity or traumatic experience types or by age.AimsTo examine variation in associations of childhood adversities with PTSD according to childhood adversity types, traumatic experience types and life-course stage.MethodEpidemiological data were analysed from the World Mental Health Surveys (n = 27017).ResultsFour childhood adversities (physical and sexual abuse, neglect, parent psychopathology) were associated with similarly increased odds of PTSD following traumatic experiences (odds ratio (OR)=1.8), whereas the other eight childhood adversities assessed did not predict PTSD. Childhood adversity–PTSD associations did not vary across traumatic experience types, but were stronger in childhood-adolescence and early-middle adulthood than later adulthood.ConclusionsChildhood adversities are differentially associated with PTSD, with the strongest associations in childhood-adolescence and early-middle adulthood. Consistency of associations across traumatic experience types suggests that childhood adversities are associated with generalised vulnerability to PTSD following traumatic experiences.
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Mall, Sumaya, Jonathan M. Platt, Henk Temmingh, Eustasius Musenge, Megan Campbell, Ezra Susser, and Dan J. Stein. "The relationship between childhood trauma and schizophrenia in the Genomics of Schizophrenia in the Xhosa people (SAX) study in South Africa." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 9 (August 7, 2019): 1570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719001703.
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AbstractBackgroundEvidence from high-income countries suggests that childhood trauma is associated with schizophrenia. Studies of childhood trauma and schizophrenia in low and middle income (LMIC) countries are limited. This study examined the prevalence of childhood traumatic experiences among cases and controls and the relationship between specific and cumulative childhood traumatic experiences and schizophrenia in a sample in South Africa.MethodsData were from the Genomics of Schizophrenia in the South African Xhosa people study. Cases with schizophrenia and matched controls were recruited from provincial hospitals and clinics in the Western and Eastern Cape regions in South Africa. Childhood traumatic experiences were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Adjusted logistic regression models estimated associations between individual and cumulative childhood traumatic experiences and schizophrenia.ResultsTraumatic experiences were more prevalent among cases than controls. The odds of schizophrenia were 2.44 times higher among those who experienced any trauma than those who reported no traumatic experiences (95% CI 1.77–3.37). The odds of schizophrenia were elevated among those who experienced physical/emotional abuse (OR 1.59, CI 1.28–1.97), neglect (OR 1.39, CI 1.16–1.68), and sexual abuse (OR 1.22, CI 1.03–1.45) compared to those who did not. Cumulative physical/emotional abuse and neglect experiences increased the odds of schizophrenia as a dose–response relationship.ConclusionChildhood trauma is common in this population. Among many other benefits, interventions to prevent childhood trauma may contribute to a decreasing occurrence of schizophrenia.
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Daalman, K., K. M. J. Diederen, E. M. Derks, R. van Lutterveld, R. S. Kahn, and Iris E. C. Sommer. "Childhood trauma and auditory verbal hallucinations." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 12 (April 16, 2012): 2475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000761.
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BackgroundHallucinations have consistently been associated with traumatic experiences during childhood. This association appears strongest between physical and sexual abuse and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). It remains unclear whether traumatic experiences mainly colour the content of AVH or whether childhood trauma triggers the vulnerability to experience hallucinations in general. In order to investigate the association between hallucinations, childhood trauma and the emotional content of hallucinations, experienced trauma and phenomenology of AVH were investigated in non-psychotic individuals and in patients with a psychotic disorder who hear voices.MethodA total of 127 non-psychotic individuals with frequent AVH, 124 healthy controls and 100 psychotic patients with AVH were assessed for childhood trauma. Prevalence of childhood trauma was compared between groups and the relation between characteristics of voices, especially emotional valence of content, and childhood trauma was investigated.ResultsBoth non-psychotic individuals with AVH and patients with a psychotic disorder and AVH experienced more sexual and emotional abuse compared with the healthy controls. No difference in the prevalence of traumatic experiences could be observed between the two groups experiencing AVH. In addition, no type of childhood trauma could distinguish between positive or negative emotional valence of the voices and associated distress. No correlations were found between sexual abuse and emotional abuse and other AVH characteristics.ConclusionsThese results suggest that sexual and emotional trauma during childhood render a person more vulnerable to experience AVH in general, which can be either positive voices without associated distress or negative voices as part of a psychotic disorder.
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Davis, Emma. "Adverse childhood experiences." Early Years Educator 23, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2022.23.11.19.
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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) refers to traumatic experiences suffered by children which can have a long-term impact into adulthood. An understanding of early childhood experiences and the impact these can have helps educators meet the needs of children in their care, and influence their outcomes in later life.
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Johnson, Micah E. "Trauma, Race, and Risk for Violent Felony Arrests Among Florida Juvenile Offenders." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 11 (July 13, 2017): 1437–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717718487.
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This study tests the assumptions of the The Childhood Trauma Model, which proposes that marginalized populations are both more likely to have traumatic childhoods and more criminalized than those in the upper echelons of society. It hypothesizes that traumatic childhood experiences increase risk of being sanctioned for violent behavior, and risks are amplified for minority and disadvantaged groups. The study finds that experiencing three or more traumas had a 200% to 370% increased chance of being arrested for a violent felony as youth who experienced a single traumatic event, and Blacks had up to 300% increased risk than Whites with equal trauma scores.
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Barbosa de Morais, Weslley, Lilian Litwinczuk, and Fernanda Paco Carvalho Pinto. "ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES." Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade 3, no. 03 (July 4, 2022): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/gei.v3i03.822.
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In this article, we will dialogue from a central concern: The importance of access to Psychopedagogy to assist in the re-signification of childhood traumas. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic situations that affect childhood and therefore human development. Psychopedagogy is a field of knowledge that is characterized as multidisciplinary, that is, that receives influence from several other areas of knowledge to build the theoretical and practical validity of its ideas. The purpose of this essay is to discuss, from the psychopedagogical perspective, possible elements that make it possible to overcome and redefine childhood traumas. The need for a multidisciplinary team for an effective treatment of these deep-seated traumas is founded, but above all, a team that has a professional who has psychopedagogical knowledge. It is understood that it is necessary to reflect and act on traumatic situations effectively, therefore, we will present fundamental themes for these debates in order to sustain the arguments in a valid manner. Through this text, it is intended to highlight the problem of adverse experiences in childhood and relate them to psychopedagogical science. We will use Neuroscience as a guiding field of knowledge, as well as Jorge Visca’s writings as a central theorist of Psychopedagogy.
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Jelenova, D., A. Kovacsova, T. Diveky, D. Kamaradova, J. Prasko, A. Grambal, Z. Sigmundova, and B. Bulikova. "Emotional processing of traumatic emotions and early experiences using the therapeutic letters, role playing and imagination in borderline and other difficult patients." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73021-8.
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In many patients cognitive reconstruction helps to understand their problems in life and symptoms of stress or psychiatric disorders. Change in the thoughts and beliefs help them to feel better. But there are many patients who suffer with strong traumatic experiences deep in their mind and typically dissociate them or want to avoid them voluntarily. There is typical for patients suffering with dissociative disorders, borderline personality disorder and many people with various psychiatric disorders who were abused in childhood. The processing of the traumatic emotions from childhood can be helpful in the treatment of these patients. For the help is important:a) Understanding what was happen in childhoodb) Making clear of repeated figures of maladaptive behaviors, mostly in interpersonal relationsc) Making a connection between childhood experiences and here and now emotional reactions on various triggersd) Experiencing repeatedly the traumatic memories and elaborate them with imaginal coping.We describe:- how to map and elaborate emotional schemas- Socratic questioning with the patients with traumatic memories- how to work with traumatic experiences from childhood in borderline personality disorder.Supported by the research grant IGA MZ CR NS 10301-3/2009
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Kosteletos, I., K. Kollias, and N. Stefanis. "Childhood adverse traumatic experiences and schizophrenia." Psychiatriki 31, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22365/jpsych.2020.311.23.
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Saunders, Benjamin E., and Zachary W. Adams. "Epidemiology of Traumatic Experiences in Childhood." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 23, no. 2 (April 2014): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2013.12.003.
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Shved, Mariana. "Peculiarities of the formation of early attachment models in children with traumatic experiences." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 2, no. 2023 (December 2, 2023): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2023.02.194.
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This article presents the results of a meta-analysis of relevant studies published in English literature between 2010 and 2022, focusing on the definition of traumatic experience, types of psychological trauma, early attachment models, and the concept of mentalization. The search services PsycInfo, PubMed, APA Web-of-Science, and Research Gate were used to accomplish the set objectives. The influence of childhood traumatic events on the development of primary attachment models was explored. It was established that early attachment models are internal representations or perceptions formed during childhood, that determine a child’s perception of close individuals and their relationships. The effectiveness and scientifically substantiated aspects of the Neurosequential Model in Education and the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT) in working with children who have experienced traumatic events are described. It was found that childhood traumatic experience affects seven main aspects of psychology: sensory development, dissociation (changes in consciousness), attachment, affect regulation, behavioral regulation, cognitive domain, self-awareness, and identity development. Each type of traumatic experience has its conditions, characteristics, mechanisms, and consequences for the formation of early attachment models in children and overall psychosocial functioning. Thus, understanding the entire spectrum of changes, including neurobiological aspects, is crucial when working with children who have experienced traumatic events and require specialized support. This analysis revealed that the quality of parent-child interaction depends on parents' ability to mentalize and their capacity to understand the child‘s inner world, which, in turn, influences the formation of early childhood attachment models. Depending on the presence or absence of traumatic experiences in a child's life, different attachment styles can be developed. The identified generalizations shed light on the pathogenesis of relationship trauma-related disorders and can be practically applied in the development and implementation of professional recommendations or programs for psychosocial support for children who have experienced traumatic events. Emphasizing the necessity for further empirical research to gain a more detailed understanding of this issue.
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Kovalenko, A. B., and V. G. Golota. "LINKS BETWEEN TRAUMATIC CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND PERSONALITY TOLERANCE IN ADULT AGE." Ukrainian Psychological Journal, no. 1 (17) (2022): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/upj.2022.1(17).3.
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The article justifies theoretically the problem of traumatic childhood experience and its connection with personality tolerance in adulthood. A childhood trauma has certain effects on occurrence of depression, anxiety, neuroticism, cognitive disorders, on a tendency to commit suicide or use psychotropic substances, as well as on worldview, relationships with other people and the quality of life in adulthood, which has been theoretically substantiated. The performed empirical study indicated that a significant part of the examined people had traumatic childhood experiences: lack of food; bullying and physical violence by adults or peers; loss of one or both parents; living with a person who had mental disorders; physical violence between parents or guardians; lack of love from parents or existing feeling of own uselessness; sexual harassment or sexual violence. In adulthood, these people were prone to trauma: humiliation, deprivation, betrayal, abandonment, injustice. Childhood traumatic experiences are associated with certain types of tolerance. The absence of one parent is associated with emotional instability; physical violence and bullying by peers correlates with intolerance to uncertainty; certain types of a parent’s addiction is linked with the child’s conservatism; an imprisoned parent is associated with the desire to make an individual’s partner comfortable to him/her, practical approach to partners; feeling of being unloved by parents correlates with detachment from others. Childhood humiliation, physical abuse by parents and bullying by peers are associated with uncertainty intolerance in adulthood. Experienced betrayal, feelings of unloved are associated with conservatism, detachment from others and the desire to make other people more comfortable for oneself. In general, a traumatic childhood experience can determinate a tendency to social anxiety, low self-esteem, tolerance for the peculiarities of others, many social fears, an inability to listen to oneself, pessimism, as well as an inability to forgive mistakes and detachment from others because of the fear to re-experience betrayal from a loved one.
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Muroi, Kei, Mami Ishitsuka, Daisuke Hori, Tsukasa Takahashi, Tomohiko Ikeda, Tamaki Saito, Sasahara Shinichiro, and Ichiyo Matsuzaki. "Relationships Between Childhood Bullying/Domestic Violence Experience and Insomnia among Employees in Japan." F1000Research 12 (January 27, 2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.129340.1.
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Traumatic childhood experiences such as domestic violence and bullying have been reported to be associated with insomnia in adulthood. However, little evidence is available for the long-term effects of childhood adversity on workers’ insomnia worldwide. Our objective was to examine whether childhood experiences of bullying and domestic violence are associated with insomnia in workers in adulthood. We used survey data from a cross-sectional study of the Tsukuba Science City Network in Tsukuba City, Japan. Workers aged 20 to 65 years (4509 men and 2666 women) were targeted. The Binomial Logistic regression analysis with the Athens Insomnia Scale as the objective variable showed that childhood bullying and domestic violence experience of childhood bullying and domestic violence were associated with insomnia. It may be useful to focus on childhood traumatic experiences regarding insomnia in workers.
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Arabpour, F. F., Sh Amini, R. Bidaki, R. Ashtari, F. Sepehri, A. Moghadam Ahmadi, H. Bakhshi, and B. Bozorg. "The relationship between dissociative experiences and childhood trauma in nursing and midwifery students." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 14, no. 5 (October 24, 2022): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2022-5-55-59.
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Objective: dissociative disorders usually have a poor prognosis. Childhood trauma is one of the most important predisposing factors for it. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dissociative experiences with childhood abuse, in nursing and midwifery students of Rafsanjan University Medical Science.Patients and methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out in nursing and midwifery students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. The students were asked to complete Dissociative Experience (DES) and Traumatic Life Events Questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, chi-square test and pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.Results and discussion. The prevalence of moderate and severe dissociative experiences among the participated students was about 38%. Nearly 50% of the students reported to have moderate to severe childhood injuries. Significantly higher dissociative experiences scores were observed in men compare with women (P=0.015). Moderate correlations were detected between subscales of childhood traumatic life events questionnaire and dissociative experiences score (P<0.05). Conclusion. The prevalence of dissociative experiences among the studied students was moderately high which revealed the necessity and importance of psychological counseling among health professional students. A positive correlation was detected between dissociative disorders and traumatic events. Therefore, in order to reduce the chance of dissociative disorder, childhood psychological counseling is necessary in children who have had traumatic events. Keywords: dissociative disorders, adult survivors of child adverse events, nursing, midwifery>˂ 0.05).Conclusion. The prevalence of dissociative experiences among the studied students was moderately high which revealed the necessity and importance of psychological counseling among health professional students. A positive correlation was detected between dissociative disorders and traumatic events. Therefore, in order to reduce the chance of dissociative disorder, childhood psychological counseling is necessary in children who have had traumatic events.
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Galli, Federica, Carlo Lai, Teresa Gregorini, Chiara Ciacchella, and Stefano Carugo. "Psychological Traumas and Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study." Healthcare 9, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070875.
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Adverse childhood experiences could be important determinants of adult disease. The present study analyzed the association between early traumatic experiences and the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). It was hypothesized that patients with CVD would report a higher number of traumatic experiences during childhood and that this association would be stronger in women. The Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) was fulfilled by 75 patients with a first-time diagnosis of CVD and 84 healthy controls randomly selected from the general population. The two groups were not balanced for age and sex. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) and analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs), with group (clinical vs. control) and gender (male vs. female) as between-subjects factors, and age of participants as covariate, were performed on the number and the impact of the traumatic experiences (emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse) for the three age group in which the trauma was experienced (from 0 to 10, from 11 to 18, from 19 years onwards). The main results showed that participants with CVDs have experienced a higher number of early traumatic experiences compared to the control group, such as emotional neglect (p = 0.023), emotional abuse (0.008 ≤ p ≤ 0.033), and physical abuse (0.001 < p ≤ 0.038). The results also revealed that women with CVDs have experienced more traumatic events compared to the women of the control group (0.001 < p ≤ 0.020). These results seem to highlight an association between traumatic experiences in childhood and CVD in adulthood, particularly in women. Such findings could have relevant implications for clinical practice, suggesting the importance of adopting an integrated approach in the care of the patient with cardiovascular diseases paying attention also to the clinical psychological risk factors.
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Gharibi, Leila, Hossein Asadi Rad, and Naser Amini. "The role of childhood traumatic experiences in predicting hostile behavior: a mediation model." Romanian Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 24, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjpp.2022.4.1.
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Background. The childhood traumatic experiences play a significant role in the development of unhealthy behaviors in adulthood. Identifying the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and hostile behaviors is of paramount importance. Additionally, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and hostile behaviors in adults. Methods. This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional. The statistical population of the study included all employees of the Iranian Oil Terminals Company in 2024. A total of 280 participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The data were analyzed through the application of structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings. According to the findings, the proposed model exhibited a good fit. In line with the findings, childhood traumatic experiences had a direct, significant positive effect on hostile behaviors (β=0.57). Additionally, it had a significant negative effect on mentalization (β=-0.58). Another finding indicated that mentalization had a significant negative effect on hostile behaviors (β=-0.34). Moreover, another finding revealed that mentalization served as a mediator between childhood traumatic experiences and hostile behaviors (β=0.20). Conclusion. In conclusion, the findings suggest that childhood traumatic experiences exert a direct influence on adult hostile behaviors, with mentalization functioning as a significant mediating variable.
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Muroi, Kei, Mami Ishitsuka, Daisuke Hori, Shotaro Doki, Tsukasa Takahashi, Tomohiko Ikeda, Tamaki Saito, Sasahara Shinichiro, and Ichiyo Matsuzaki. "Relationships Between Childhood Bullying/Domestic Violence Experience and Insomnia among Employees in Japan." F1000Research 12 (July 14, 2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.129340.2.
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Objective: Traumatic childhood experiences such as domestic violence and bullying have been reported to be associated with insomnia in adulthood. However, little evidence is available for the long-term effects of childhood adversity on workers’ insomnia worldwide. Our objective was to examine whether childhood experiences of bullying and domestic violence are associated with insomnia in workers in adulthood. Methods: We used survey data from a cross-sectional study of the Tsukuba Science City Network in Tsukuba City, Japan. Workers aged 20 to 65 years (4509 men and 2666 women) were targeted. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed with the Athens Insomnia Scale as the objective variable. Results: Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that childhood bullying and domestic violence experience of childhood bullying and domestic violence were associated with insomnia. As for the experience of domestic violence, the higher the time of experience, the higher the odds ratio of insomnia. Conclusions: It may be useful to focus on childhood traumatic experiences regarding insomnia in workers. In the future, objective sleep time and sleep efficiency should be evaluated using an activity meter and other methods to verify the effects of bullying and domestic violence experiences.
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Ballard, E. D., K. Van Eck, R. J. Musci, S. R. Hart, C. L. Storr, N. Breslau, and H. C. Wilcox. "Latent classes of childhood trauma exposure predict the development of behavioral health outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 15 (July 7, 2015): 3305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715001300.
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BackgroundTo develop latent classes of exposure to traumatic experiences before the age of 13 years in an urban community sample and to use these latent classes to predict the development of negative behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodA total of 1815 participants in an epidemiologically based, randomized field trial as children completed comprehensive psychiatric assessments as young adults. Reported experiences of nine traumatic experiences before age 13 years were used in a latent class analysis to create latent profiles of traumatic experiences. Latent classes were used to predict psychiatric outcomes at age ⩾13 years, criminal convictions, physical health problems and traumatic experiences reported in young adulthood.ResultsThree latent classes of childhood traumatic experiences were supported by the data. One class (8% of sample), primarily female, was characterized by experiences of sexual assault and reported significantly higher rates of a range of psychiatric outcomes by young adulthood. Another class (8%), primarily male, was characterized by experiences of violence exposure and reported higher levels of antisocial personality disorder and post-traumatic stress. The final class (84%) reported low levels of childhood traumatic experiences. Parental psychopathology was related to membership in the sexual assault group.ConclusionsClasses of childhood traumatic experiences predict specific psychiatric and behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood. The long-term adverse effects of childhood traumas are primarily concentrated in victims of sexual and non-sexual violence. Gender emerged as a key covariate in the classes of trauma exposure and outcomes.
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Serafini, G., C. Conigliaro, F. Pittaluga, M. Pompili, P. Girardi, and M. Amore. "Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Coping Strategies: Correlations With Quality of Life." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2176.
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IntroductionIndividuals with a history of childhood traumatic experiences may exert maladaptive coping strategies and impaired adult quality of life.ObjectivesThe present study explored the association between childhood traumatic experiences, coping strategies, and quality of life.AimsWe aimed to evaluate whether childhood traumatic experiences or specific coping strategies may significantly predict quality of life.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study including 276 patients (19.9% men, 81.1% women; mean age: 48.1 years, SD: 16.9), of which most with major affective disorders, who were recruited at the psychiatric unit of the university of Genoa (Italy). All participants were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Cope), and Short Form 12 Health Survey version 2 (SF-12).ResultsSubjects with a history of emotional abuse were more likely to have an earlier age of onset of their psychiatric conditions, an earlier age of their first treatment/hospitalization, higher recurrent episodes and days of hospitalization, longer illness duration and non-psychiatric treatments at intake when compared with those who did not present any history of abuse. Based on regression analyses, only positive reinterpretation and growth, focus on and venting of emotions, and substance abuse, but not childhood traumatic experiences, resulted positive predictors of physical quality of life. Moreover, focus on and venting of emotions was able to predict mental quality of life.ConclusionsWhile traumatic experiences did not predict quality of life, specific coping strategies were significant predictors of quality of life. Further studies are requested to test these preliminary results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kim, Sunah, Go-Un Kim, and Suin Park. "Prevalence of Traumatic Experiences in South Korean Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 3959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113959.
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Although a variety of traumatic experiences can impact health over the lifetime, little is known about the prevalence of such experiences in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequencies of traumatic experiences and their differences by gender and age. South Korean adults (N = 3000) aged 19–65 years completed a self-report survey assessing childhood and adulthood trauma and sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, 79.5% of the participants reported at least one traumatic experience in adulthood. Unemployment or job loss and academic or work difficulties were commonly reported. The most distressing adulthood trauma was the unexpected death of a loved one, followed by diseases in loved ones. Childhood trauma was higher in males than in females. In males, childhood trauma was higher at a younger age, but in females, it was higher at an older age. Adulthood trauma was higher in females than in males and at older ages for both males and females. The current findings demonstrate the differences in traumatic experiences by gender and age in the South Korean general population. These results could help improve assessment of and targeted intervention for psychological trauma through trauma-informed strategies in public health practice.
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Ren, Yujie. "The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Self-objectification in Female College Students: The Mediating Role of Self-esteem." International Journal of Education and Humanities 10, no. 1 (August 16, 2023): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v10i1.11113.
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In order to explore the effects of childhood traumatic experiences and individual self-esteem level on female college students' self-objectification level and the functional mechanism, this study proposed hypotheses and constructed a model based on self-objectification theory and self-schema theory, and then used an online questionnaire to investigate 530 female college students. The results indicated that: (1) the traumatic experiences of female college students in childhood have a significant positive effect on their self-objectification level, which means that the more likely an individual is to objectify himself if he has experienced a traumatic event in childhood. (2)Female college students' self-esteem level has a full mediation effect between childhood trauma and self-objectification level. According to the results, this study has supplemented and proved the inducing factors of female self-objectification.
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Greeson, Johanna K. P., Ernestine C. Briggs, Christopher M. Layne, Harolyn M. E. Belcher, Sarah A. Ostrowski, Soeun Kim, Robert C. Lee, Rebecca L. Vivrette, Robert S. Pynoos, and John A. Fairbank. "Traumatic Childhood Experiences in the 21st Century." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 29, no. 3 (October 20, 2013): 536–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513505217.
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Cordón, Ingrid M., Margaret-Ellen Pipe, Liat Sayfan, Annika Melinder, and Gail S. Goodman. "Memory for traumatic experiences in early childhood." Developmental Review 24, no. 1 (March 2004): 101–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2003.09.003.
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Colman, I., M. Kingsbury, Y. Garad, Y. Zeng, K. Naicker, S. Patten, P. B. Jones, T. C. Wild, and A. H. Thompson. "Consistency in adult reporting of adverse childhood experiences." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 3 (October 29, 2015): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715002032.
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BackgroundMany studies have used retrospective reports to assess the long-term consequences of early life stress. However, current individual characteristics and experiences may bias the recall of these reports. In particular, depressed mood may increase the likelihood of recall of negative experiences. The aim of the study was to assess whether specific factors are associated with consistency in the reporting of childhood adverse experiences.MethodThe sample comprised 7466 adults from Canada's National Population Health Survey who had reported on seven childhood adverse experiences in 1994/1995 and 2006/2007. Logistic regression was used to explore differences between those who consistently reported adverse experiences and those whose reports were inconsistent.ResultsAmong those retrospectively reporting on childhood traumatic experiences in 1994/1995 and 2006/2007, 39% were inconsistent in their reports of these experiences. The development of depression, increasing levels of psychological distress, as well as increasing work and chronic stress were associated with an increasing likelihood of reporting a childhood adverse experience in 2006/2007 that had not been previously reported. Increases in mastery were associated with reduced likelihood of new reporting of a childhood adverse experience in 2006/2007. The development of depression and increases in chronic stress and psychological distress were also associated with reduced likelihood of ‘forgetting’ a previously reported event.ConclusionsConcurrent mental health factors may influence the reporting of traumatic childhood experiences. Studies that use retrospective reporting to estimate associations between childhood adversity and adult outcomes associated with mental health may be biased.
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Izzah Aliyah Zahra, Indah Wahyuningrum, Femas Arifin Yahman, and Nadia Khairina. "Trauma Masa Kecil: Kekerasan yang Memicu Gangguan Stres Pascatrauma (PTSD)." Flourishing Journal 3, no. 11 (December 17, 2023): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um070v3i112023p459-467.
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Violence that occurs in childhood is a traumatic experience that can trigger various psychological problems in children, one of which is post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder is a condition where a person experiences trauma due to a certain action, which causes fear and even shows certain symptoms when remembering the traumatic event. The aim of this research is to understand or gain understanding and describe the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and violence in childhood. With a focus on the psychological impact that can arise and its effect on children's mental health. The method used is a literature review or literature review by searching for journal articles through the ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases between 2019 and 2023 to identify relevant journal articles, which were published in English and Indonesian. From this search, eight journals were obtained, with the keywords used being post-traumatic stress disorder, violence, and traumatic childhood. The results of the review article study are to: Find out the relationship between childhood violence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, find out the impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and find solutions for dealing with violence in childhood. AbstrakKekerasan yang terjadi pada masa kecil merupakan pengalaman traumatis yang dapat memicu berbagai masalah psikologis pada anak salah satunya yaitu gangguan stres pasca-trauma. Gangguan stres pasca-trauma atau post-traumatic stress disorder adalah suatu keadaan di mana seseorang mengalami trauma karena suatu tindakan tertentu, yang menyebabkan ketakutan dan bahkan menunjukkan gejala tertentu ketika mengingat peristiwa traumatis tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami atau mendapatkan pemahaman serta menggambarkan hubungan antara kondisi gangguan stres pasca-trauma dengan kekerasan pada masa kecil. Dengan berfokus pada dampak psikologis yang dapat timbul serta efeknya terhadap kesehatan mental anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review atau tinjauan pustaka dengan mencari artikel jurnal melalui basis data ScienceDirect dan Google Scholar antara tahun 2019 hingga 2023 untuk mengidentifikasi artikel jurnal yang relevan, yang diterbitkan dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia. Dari pencarian tersebut diperoleh delapan jurnal, dengan kata kunci yang digunakan adalah gangguan stres pasca-trauma, kekerasan, dan traumatis masa kecil. Hasil kajian artikel review yaitu untuk: Mengetahui hubungan kekerasan masa kecil dengan Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, mengetahui dampak Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, dan mencari solusi untuk penanganan kekerasan pada masa kecil.
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Sieński, Michał M., and Michał Ziarko. "Psychological Consequences of Experiencing Violence in Childhood—The Role of Dissociation in the Formation of Early Maladaptive Schemas." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 4996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11174996.
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Childhood experiences of violence can lead to severe psychological consequences. One of them is an increased risk of abnormal personality development. It can manifest as rigid negativistic beliefs about the self, others, and the surrounding world, which some specialists term early maladaptive schemas. The conducted study aims to provide a possible explanation of the role dissociation plays in the process of forming early maladaptive schemas. The study was conducted on 342 adult women whose biographies contained one or more episodes of potentially traumatic experiences of violence in childhood. Three questionnaires were used: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Young Schema Questionnaire. The results show that experiences of violence are linked with dissociative disorders and the intensity of early maladaptive schemas. Mediation analysis confirmed that the relationship between experiencing violence and early maladaptive schemas is exacerbated by the presence of dissociative symptoms resulting from the violence experienced. The mediation analysis results suggest that if an experience of violence is followed by the emergence of dissociative symptoms, its impact on personality is more severe. This confirms earlier notions regarding the role that dissociative symptoms play in personality changes stemming from traumatic events.
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Kiki prastiti, Nurdani, and Faridah Ainur Rohmah. "Penerapan terapi gestalt pada remaja perempuan yang tinggal di panti asuhan dengan childhood trauma." Procedia : Studi Kasus dan Intervensi Psikologi 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/procedia.v11i3.27842.
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Childhood trauma is an unpleasant experience of frightening, dangerous and life-threatening events—traumatic childhood experiences also the psychology and development of children from their youth to adulthood. The subject is a young girl who lives in an orphanage and has a traumatic experience related to the parenting process during childhood. The assessment method uses observation to observe her life and social relationships in the orphanage as well as additional data in psychological tests. Interviews are used to obtain comprehensive information from significant persons who have a relationship with the subject, and psychological tests use cognitive tests and personality tests with the purpose of obtaining information to help establish a diagnosis, make a prognosis and develop an intervention design. The intervention was carried out using a gestalt approach using the empty chair technique. The purpose of this intervention is to encourage the subject to face the experience of childhood trauma related to feelings of guilt that arise from being neglected. The intervention results showed that the subject can face and accept traumatic events during childhood and stop blaming herself for the events experienced during childhood. Trauma masa kanak-kanak adalah pengalaman yang tidak menyenangkan berupa kejadian-kejadian yang menakutkan, berbahaya, dan mengancam nyawa—pengalaman traumatis masa kanak-kanak juga psikologi dan perkembangan anak sejak remaja hingga dewasa. Subjeknya adalah seorang remaja putri yang tinggal di panti asuhan dan memiliki pengalaman traumatis terkait proses pengasuhan semasa kecilnya. Metode penilaiannya menggunakan observasi untuk mengamati kehidupan dan hubungan sosialnya di panti asuhan serta data tambahan dalam tes psikologi. Wawancara digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi komprehensif dari orang-orang penting yang memiliki hubungan dengan subjek, dan tes psikologi menggunakan tes kognitif dan tes kepribadian dengan tujuan memperoleh informasi untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis, membuat prognosis dan mengembangkan desain intervensi. Intervensi dilakukan dengan pendekatan gestalt dengan teknik kursi kosong. Tujuan dari intervensi ini adalah untuk mendorong subjek menghadapi pengalaman trauma masa kecil terkait perasaan bersalah yang muncul karena diabaikan. Hasil intervensi menunjukkan bahwa subjek dapat menghadapi dan menerima peristiwa traumatis pada masa kanak-kanaknya dan berhenti menyalahkan dirinya sendiri atas peristiwa yang dialami pada masa kanak-kanaknya.
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Lev-Wiesel, Rachel, and Marianne Amir. "The Effects of Similarity Versus Dissimilarity of Spouses' Traumatic Childhood Events on Psychological Well-Being and Marital Quality." Journal of Family Issues 24, no. 6 (September 2003): 737–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x03255326.
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This study compared spouses who had experienced similar versus different childhood trauma in terms of post-traumatic symptomatology, psychological symptoms of distress, and marital quality. The sample comprised two groups: Holocaust child survivors who were sexually abused during the Holocaust and are married to Holocaust child survivors ( n = 44) who were also sexually abused, and adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse married to nonsurvivors of sexual abuse ( n = 43). All participants were administered the post-traumatic stress disorder, Symptom Checklist 90-Revised, and Enrich Scale for Marital Quality questionnaires. The results revealed that compared with survivors married to partners with different past traumatic experiences, survivors who shared similar past traumatic experiences with their spouses had higher levels of PTSD, anxiety, depression, somatization, phobic-anxiety, and hostility but also expressed greater levels of marital quality.
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Ölmez, S. B., A. Ataoğlu, and Z. Başar Kocagöz. "An investigation of Childhood Trauma in Patients with Panic Disorder." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1880.
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IntroductionIt is widely known that childhood traumatic life situations are associated with most of the adult life psychiatric disorders such as disassociative disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders and so on.Objectives and aimsThe purpose of this study to examine the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and panic disorder development.MethodsThe sample of this study consists of 59 outpatients who applied to the department of psychiatry in addition to 61 healthy individuals serving as the control group. These 59 individuals, located within the range of 18 to 65 years, were selected from outpatients who had been diagnosed with panic disorder based on DSM-V diagnosis criteria who did not have any other mental disorder. The 61 healthy individuals in the control group were selected from hospital attendants who had not received any psychiatric diagnosis. The participants were administered the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and a socio-demographic form.ResultsThe participants in the panic disorder group were found to have significantly high scores in comparison to the control group with respect to CTQ subscales (i.e., the emotional neglect and the emotional abuse subscale) and the total CTQ score. Hence, there exists a strong relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and panic disorder development.ConclusionThe results revealed that childhood traumatic experiences play an active role in the development of panic disorder. Moreover, it was found that the type and quality of trauma experienced during the childhood period is one of the predictors for the psychiatric disease that can occur in the future years.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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KERSTING, ANETTE, MICHAEL REUTEMANN, URSULA GAST, PATRICIA OHRMANN, THOMAS SUSLOW, NIKOLAUS MICHAEL, and VOLKER AROLT. "DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS AND TRAUMATIC CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES IN TRANSSEXUALS." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 191, no. 3 (March 2003): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000054932.22929.5d.
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Neilio, R. Michael, Kristen A. Toohill, Ryan T.W. McCreedy, Aprille F. Young, and Leanne M. Tortez. "The Invisible Co-Worker Among Us: Understanding Childhood Trauma and Workplace Well-Being." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 5, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v5i3.918.
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This work intended to investigate potential correlations between past experienced personal trauma to the everyday experience of workplace well-being. The authors explored traumatic childhood stories using the Philadelphia extended version of the original Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) survey. Connections to these experiences were sought in a broad range of populations using snowball sampling. Participants (N = 406) were asked to answer the ACEs survey and questions on their current perception of workplace well-being using the Eudaimonic Workplace Well-Being Scale (EWWS). Results indicated a strong correlation that was statistically significant. An increase in the number of ACEs aligned with a lower perception of well-being within the workplace. This is the first study of its kind to connect clinical childhood trauma experience with current adult workplace experience of well-being. Findings suggest enhanced focus should be placed on engaged awareness and action-oriented treatment of mental health in the workplace.
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Wojtynkiewicz, Ewa. "Personality organisation, traumatic childhood experiences, and alcohol use in a non-clinical group." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 23, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2023.0030.
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Introduction and objective: Psychodynamic concepts assume that early experiences in relationships with close family members influence mental health. Kernberg’s model of personality organisation also assumes that the structure of personality depends on object relations, and the adaptability of individual dimensions of personality organisation will depend on, among others, quality of care in early childhood. In recent years, the self-medication hypothesis has become increasingly popular, arguing that alcohol use is secondary to personality difficulties. The research presented in the article aimed to assess the relationships between dimensions of personality organisation, traumatic childhood experiences, and alcohol use. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 148 Polish adults, including 85 women and 63 men. The mean age was M = 32.61 (standard deviation, SD = 9.29). The Inventory of Personality Organization, the Childhood Experience Questionnaire (CEQ-58), and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) were used. Results: The results indicate positive low to moderate correlations between all personality dimensions and the severity of various adverse experiences. Alcohol use also increases with greater disturbances across all dimensions of personality organisation. Moreover, as traumatic experiences such as physical abuse, physical and emotional neglect, and environmental instability increase, the tendency to use alcohol also increases. Three clusters of individuals with different configurations of the investigated variables were also identified. Conclusions: The research has confirmed the relationships between personality organisation, traumatic childhood experiences, and alcohol use reported in the literature, thus prompting reflection on the use of alcohol as a form of self-medication.
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Shirkhani, Milad, Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf, and Majid Moeenizadeh. "Predicting the Severity of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms Based on Traumatic Childhood Experiences: The Mediating Role of Self-criticism." Practice in Clinical Psychology 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.11.3.814.1.
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Objective: The present study was conducted to predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) severity based on childhood traumatic experiences through the mediating role of self-criticism. Methods: This descriptive correlation study was done using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included adults living in Mashhad in 2021, aged from 18 to 50 years with access to the Internet. Of these, 340 individuals were selected as a sample using the available method. Data were collected using the Yale-Brown obsessive scale (Y-BOCS), the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), and the levels of self-criticism questionnaire LOCS. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling method using SPSS software version 26 and AMOS software, version 24. Results: Results showed a significant correlation between childhood traumatic experiences (r=0.51) and self-criticism (r=0.57) with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P<0.01). Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the model of the present study had an acceptable fitness and the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (χ2/df≤3) was significant (0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, traumatic childhood experiences are able to predict and affect the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms through interaction with self-criticism.
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FIVUSH, ROBYN. "Children's recollections of traumatic and nontraumatic events." Development and Psychopathology 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 699–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579498001825.
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Whereas the social and emotional consequences of childhood trauma are well documented, less is known about how young children understand, represent, and remember traumatic experiences. A review of the literature indicates striking similarities in the development of young children's ability to recall traumatic and nontraumatic events. More specifically, events experienced before the age of about 18 months do not seem to be verbally accessible; events experienced between about 18 months and 2.5–3 years are reported in fragmentary fashion and seem to be prone to increasing error over time. From about age 3 years on, children can give reasonably coherent accounts of their past experiences and can retain these memories over long durations. The ways in which children are able to participate in conversations about events as they are occurring and in retrospect seems to play a critical role in their developing event memories. Implications of the empirical data for understanding trauma memory in childhood are discussed.
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Musetti, Alessandro, Francesca Brazzi, Maria C. Folli, Giuseppe Plazzi, and Christian Franceschini. "Childhood Trauma, Reflective Functioning, and Problematic Mobile Phone Use Among Male and Female Adolescents." Open Psychology Journal 13, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350102013010242.
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Background: The association between traumatic experiences, different forms of emotion dysregulation and problematic technology uses is well established. However, little is known about the role of childhood traumatic experiences and reflective functioning in the onset and maintenance of mobile phone addiction symptoms among adolescents. Methods: Self-reported measures on childhood traumatic experiences, reflective functioning, and Problematic Mobile Phone Use (PMPU) were administered to 466 high school students (47.1% females) aged 13-19 years old. Participants also reported the number of hours per day spent on using a mobile phone. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that increased time spent on the mobile phone, low reflective functioning scores and high childhood trauma scores predicted PMPU scores in the sample. Moreover, two gender-specific pathways were found. Among males, PMPU was positively related to time spent on mobile phone and childhood traumatic experiences and negatively related to reflective functioning. Among females, PMPU was negatively associated with time spent on mobile phone for video gaming and with reflective functioning. Conclusion: These results might have relevant clinical implications in highlighting the importance of planning gender-tailored interventions for adolescents who report mobile phone addiction symptoms.
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Amaral, A. P., and A. Vaz Serra. "Traumatic Childhood Events and Potential Consequences in Adult Health." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71466-x.
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Aims:The objectives of the study were:1.Investigating the impact of early traumatic experiences in adult physical and mental health;2.Analysing the relationship between early traumatic experiences and adult vulnerability to stress.Method:The sample consisted of 552 adults of the general population. Individuals filled out a series of questionnaires inquired about physical and mental symptoms and early traumatic experiences. A correlational design was used.Results:In relation to mental health, observed that the higher the impact of the situation of rape, aggressive family and alcoholism in parents, during childhood, more psychopathological symptoms have in adulthood. When we regard to physical health, sexual abuse and aggressive family are the early experiences most relevant, they are related with the perceived state of health at present, 1 year ago and 5 years ago, and with the existence of chronic disease. We must also add that, greater the impact of living in an aggressive family, in childhood, greater the vulnerability to stress in adulthood.Conclusion:Given the results obtained, the main conclusion can be drawn from this study are: The higher the degree of impact of traumatic experiences in childhood, worse physical and mental health, and greater vulnerability to stress in adulthood.
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Bougacha, D., S. Ellouze, R. Jenhani, and R. Ghachem. "Impact of childhood trauma on impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.433.
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Introduction Childhood trauma has been demonstrated to be associated with several indicators of worse course in bipolar disorder (BD). Links between early adversity and the complexity of the disorder might be mediated by various dimensions of psychopathology, such as impulsivity. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of traumatic childhood experiences on impulsivity in individuals with bipolar disorder. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study. Sixty-one euthymic patients with bipolar disorder were recruited in the department of psychiatry B of Razi Hospital, during their follow-up. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) were used to assess childhood traumatic experiences and impulsivity. Results The mean age of patients was 43.4. The sex ratio was 2.4. The mean score obtained on the Bis-11 scale was 74.8. More than half of patients (53%) had high levels of impulsivity. Almost two-thirds of patients (64%) had experienced at least one type of childhood trauma. Higher scores on the various dimensions of childhood trauma apart from physical neglect, were significantly associated with higher total BIS-11 score as well as with all its subscales. Linear regression with the CTQ total score as the independent variable showed a statistically significant effect of childhood trauma score on attentional impulsivity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that interventions that target impulsive behavior in individuals with bipolar disorder should pay particular attention to traumatic childhood experiences. Furthermore, early identification and management of childhood trauma may reduce levels of impulsivity and thus improve the outcome and prognosis of bipolar disorder. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Odacı, Hatice, and Çiğdem Berber Çelik. "The Role of Traumatic Childhood Experiences in Predicting a Disposition to Risk-Taking and Aggression in Turkish University Students." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 9-10 (April 3, 2017): 1998–2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517696862.
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The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not traumatic childhood experiences in childhood predict a disposition to risk-taking and aggression among university students. The participants consisted of 851 students: 477 (56.1%) females and 374 (43.9%) males attending various faculties at the Karadeniz Technical University in Turkey. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Adolescent Risk-Taking Scale, Aggression Questionnaire, and Personal Information Form were used for data collection. The analysis results revealed a positive correlation between traumatic experiences (physical, sexual, emotional maltreatment, and emotional neglect) and risk-taking and aggression. Physical and sexual abuse and gender are significant predictors of risk-taking. Physical abuse and gender are some of the predictors of aggression. Another finding from the study is that physical and emotional abuse and emotional neglect vary by gender. This study concludes that exposure to traumatic experiences in childhood prepares the foundation for negative behaviors in adulthood.
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Kononova, M. "ANALYSIS OF THE INTERRELATION OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR." Psychology and Personality, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2021.1.227214.
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The article reveals the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and maladaptation of the subject. The psychological content, the essence of the concept of “psychotrauma” are substantiated, its influence on maladaptive behavior is revealed. The specifics of the psychological approach are described, which consists in the fact that in the experience of mental trauma the leading role is given to subjective factors: understanding of the situation by a person, attitude to it, interpretation of psycho-traumatic situations. It is noted that the individual’s perception of reality is formed on the basis of his previous infantile experience. An analysis of the deep psychological origins of maladaptation of the subject through the use of certain methods of active socio-psychological learning – a non-author’s drawing, a set of thematic psychodrawings. A scientific and generalizing analysis of fragments of the transcript of the work was performed with the help of a non-author’s drawing and thematic author’s psychodrawings, where the influence of traumatic childhood experiences on the protagonist’s psyche is objectified.
On the basis of empirical material the main criteria, components of traumatic experiences of childhood as factors of maladaptation are revealed: infantile fixations which are shown in regressive forms of behavior, in particular in aggression, cruelty, hatred to all live, various kinds of dependence. It has been established that maladaptive behavior is associated with the loss of the subject’s own identity, which is manifested in rigidity, stereotypes of thinking and behavior, lack of creativity and underdevelopment of social-perceptual intelligence. The analyzed empirical material shows that destructive pedagogical influences can cause subject’s fixation on injuries.
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Matthies, Swantje, Chiharu Sadohara-Bannwarth, Sebastian Lehnhart, Jan Schulte-Maeter, and Alexandra Philipsen. "The Impact of Depressive Symptoms and Traumatic Experiences on Quality of Life in Adults With ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 22, no. 5 (September 2, 2016): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716654568.
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Objective: We assessed factors influencing quality of life (QoL) in adults with ADHD. Method: QoL, traumatic childhood experiences, and depression were assessed using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively, in 60 adult ADHD outpatients and 60 age- and gender-matched controls. Results: Emotional neglect or abuse had occurred significantly more often during childhood in adults with ADHD. Depressive symptoms were rated significantly higher by ADHD patients. QoL was significantly lower in adults with ADHD, and the variables depression, ADHD symptom severity, and traumatic load, accounted for ~60% of variance in overall QoL. Conclusion: QoL is significantly reduced in adult ADHD patients. Depressive symptoms and traumatic childhood experiences influence QoL. Treatment for adult ADHD patients should take the high interdependence of depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and QoL into consideration.
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Liu, Shiyu, and Meilin Wu. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Complex-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Caused by Childhood Experience." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 7, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/7/2022904.
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A distressing incident can lead to PTSD, a mental health condition. However, most trauma starts at home, where parents account for most child abuse (approximately 80% of all cases). There is another trauma called CPTSD. Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) is a psychological impairment caused by long-term exposure to social and interpersonal trauma in the setting of reliance, confinement, or entrapment (where the sufferer is unable to escape), leading to a loss of control, powerlessness, and a warped sense of self. Of these, the most typical examples include people who have suffered chronic abuse, neglect, or abuse by caregivers. This article focuses on PTSD and CPTSD caused by childhood experiences. It shows the etiology and the effect on childrens lives and futures from psychological, sociological, and biological perspectives. Also, it provides some childhood experiences of people living with PTSD to show the significant impact. The article includes the treatment of PTSD and CPTSD. The recommendation, in the end, makes some suggestions to improve these mental illnesses. In conclusion, people can learn more about the impact of childhood experiences on PTSD and CPTSD from this article.
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Akduman, İrem, Dilek Çelik, and Nurhan Tiftik. "Female murderers: Examination of the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and anger expression." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3712.
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Adverse childhood period and abuse experiences may lead to some problems later in life. One of these problems is aggressive behavior, which is thought to be a reflection of the child’s increasing anger (Page, 2004; Olive, 2007). Based on the fact that negative childhood experiences can lead to aggressive emotions, investigating the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and female convicts’ aggression expression styles was considered important.Sample of the research consists of 77 females who are homicide convicts selected from correctional institutes in three different cities. Data gathered from the participants were examined by using the Turkish versions of The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and The State-Trait Anger Scale.A positive and meaningful relationship between childhood trauma experiences and trait anger levels of participants was observed. In addition, there was a significant relationship between childhood trauma experiences and domestic violence as well as perceived problematic relationship with family members during childhood. Trait anger and internal anger were also found to be significantly related to perceived problematic relationship with family members during childhood. Results of the analyses were discussed in detail.
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ORAK, Oya Sevcan, Halil İbrahim BİLKAY, and Çiğdem ZENGİN. "Effect of Childhood Trauma on Substance Users’ Attitudes of Coping with Stress." Bağımlılık Dergisi 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1168435.
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Objective: This study seeks to examine the effects of childhood traumas on substance users’ attitudes of coping with stress.
Method: This descriptive study seeking relationship was conducted with 133 individuals diagnosed with substance use and receiving treatment in the alcohol and substance treatment centre and closed psychiatry clinics of a mental health hospital located in Turkey.
Results: The mean age of first substance use of the participants included in the study was 17.8 ± 4.7. The participants got the highest score from the emotional neglect subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (12.83 ± 3.46). Individuals in the study got the highest score from the religious coping subscale of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (13.39 ± 2.71). Childhood traumatic experiences were found to be effective in the development of coping attitudes including denial, behavioural disengagement, use of emotional social support, substance use, and acceptance.
Conclusion: Childhood traumatic experiences of substance users have an effect on their dysfunctional coping attitudes. It is recommended that psychiatric nurses include primary, secondary, and tertiary protective approaches towards childhood traumas in their work on combating addiction.
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Hashemi Nosrat Abad, Touraj, Majid Mahmoud Alilou, and Zahra Yousefi Kalekhaneh. "The Role of Childhood Traumatic Experiences, Attachment Styles, and Metacognitive Beliefs in Predicting Symptoms of Illness Anxiety Disorder among Students of University of Tabriz : A Cross-sectional Study." Depiction of Health 14, no. 2 (June 20, 2023): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/doh.2023.16.
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Background. Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Despite the high prevalence of this disorder, there are few studies and many unknown issues about it. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of childhood traumatic experiences, attachment styles, and metacognitive beliefs in predicting the symptoms of IAD. Methods. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 395 students (71 male, 324 female) of the University of Tabriz with associate, bachelor, master, and Ph.D. degrees were selected through the available sampling method. The questionnaires used in this research included the Whiteley Index to measure illness anxiety, the metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30), the checklist of traumatic life experiences to evaluate childhood traumatic experiences, and the experiences in close relationships- a revised form to evaluate attachment styles. Participants completed the questionnaires after obtaining the necessary permits and checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. The average age of men was 27.2 ± 8.54 and women 25.24 ± 6.84. Pearson Correlation coefficients showed that traumatic childhood experiences 0.289 (p<0.01), anxious attachment 0.402 (p<0.01), and metacognitive beliefs 0.418 (p<0.01) have significant positive correlations with illness anxiety. Also, based on the results of simultaneous multiple regression analysis, research variables predicted 29% of the changes in symptoms of IAD significantly. Furthermore, childhood traumatic experiences, anxious attachment, and metacognitive beliefs with Beta coefficients of 0.22, 0.18, and 0.27 can significantly predict the changes related to IAD symptoms. Conclusion. Different interpersonal and metacognitive factors can play a role in IAD symptoms, but various studies such as causality and experimental studies are needed to investigate the role of different factors in IAD symptoms.
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Johnsen, Helle, Vibeke de Lichtenberg, Eva Rydahl, Sara Mbaye Karentius, Signe Camilla Hjuler Dueholm, Majbritt Friis-Alstrup, Mette Grønbæk Backhausen, et al. "The Feasibility and Acceptability of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire in Danish Antenatal Care—A Qualitative Study of Midwives’ Implementation Experiences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 10 (May 20, 2023): 5897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105897.
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Adverse childhood experiences have a potential lifelong impact on health. A traumatic upbringing may increase antenatal health risks in mothers-to-be and impact child development in their offspring. Yet, little is known about the identification of adverse childhood experiences in antenatal care. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the adverse childhood experiences questionnaire among midwives and factors affecting its implementation. Three Danish maternity wards participated in the study. The data consisted of observations of midwifery visits and informal conversations with midwives, as well as mini group interviews and dialogue meetings with midwives. The data were analysed using systematic text condensation. Analysis of the data revealed three main categories; “Relevance of the adverse childhood experiences questionnaire”, “Challenges related to use of the adverse childhood experiences questionnaire” and “Apprehensions, emotional strain, and professional support”. The findings showed that the adverse childhood experiences questionnaire was feasible to implement in Danish antenatal care. Midwives’ acceptability of the questionnaire was high. Training courses and dialogue meetings motivated the midwives to work with the questionnaire in practice. The main factors affecting the implementation process were time restrictions, worries of overstepping women’s boundaries, and a lack of a specific intervention for women affected by their traumatic upbringing circumstances.
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Yoon, Pan-Ki, and Hye-Jeong Hwang. "Effects of Interpersonal Traumatic Experience in Childhood on Post-traumatic Growth in Adults." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 24, no. 20 (October 31, 2024): 1043–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.20.1043.
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Objectives This study was to determine the effect of interpersonal trauma experience in childhood on post-traumatic growth in adults. Methods 266 adult men and women aged 20 to 59 in Korea were surveyed and analyzed through an Internet questionnaire. The research tool was the Korean version of childhood trauma. It was a questionnaire (Eun-jung Kim, Jin-sook Kim, 2010) and a post-traumatic growth scale (Si-hyung Kim et al., 2020). For the data, skewness and kurtosis were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program to confirm whether the assumption of normality was satisfied, and correlation analysis and t-test for differences between major variables, One-way analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analysis were performed. Results First, as a result of verifying the difference in post-traumatic growth according to the background variable, men were significantly higher than women in all post-traumatic growth according to gender. According to marital status, married people were significantly higher than unmarried. Depending on the age, those in their 50s were significantly higher than those in their 40s, 30s, and 20s. In addition, the difference in overall post-traumatic growth was significant according to the type of interpersonal trauma experience in childhood, sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, double abuse, and emotional abuse appeared in order. In addition, there was no difference in the factors of trauma perpetrator between trauma period, caregiver, and childhood interpersonal relations. Second, as a result of the correlation analysis of the main variables, it was found that there was no significant correlation between the entire childhood trauma and the entire post-traumatic growth. However, among the sub-factors, emotional neglect and post-traumatic growth were negatively correlated, and sexual abuse and physical abuse were positively correlated with post-traumatic growth. In other words, the higher the emotional neglect, the lower the post-traumatic growth, and the higher the sexual and physical abuse, the higher the post-traumatic growth. Third, it was found that interpersonal trauma experience in childhood had a significant effect on post-traumatic growth. Emotional abuse during childhood trauma was static and emotional neglect was negative. It was found to have an effect. In other words, the higher the emotional abuse among childhood trauma experiences, the more post-traumatic growth. It can be interpreted that the higher the emotional neglect, the lower the likelihood of post-traumatic growth. Conclusions The results suggest that lowering emotional neglect is effective to increase post-traumatic growth.
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Johnsen, Helle, Mette Juhl, Eva Rydahl, Sara Mbaye Karentius, Sabine Marie Rath, Majbritt Friis-Alstrup, Mette Grønbæk Backhausen, et al. "The Feasibility of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire among Women in Danish Antenatal Care: A Mixed-Methods Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 6601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166601.
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A traumatic upbringing increases the risks of antenatal health problems, unfavourable pregnancy outcomes, and mental disorders. Such childhood experiences may affect women’s pa-renting skills and the social–emotional functioning of their children. Research on screening for adverse childhood experiences in antenatal care is limited. The objective of this study was to explore pregnant women’s attitudes towards and experiences of an adverse childhood experiences questionnaire, and to assess the relevance of the questionnaire among a population of pregnant women referred to antenatal care levels one and two, targeting women who are generally not perceived to be vulnerable. Data were collected at three maternity wards and consisted of quantitative data on 1352 women’s adverse childhood experience scores, structured observations of 18 midwifery visits, and in-depth interviews with 15 pregnant women. Quantitative data were analysed by descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analysed using systematic text condensation. The qualitative analysis revealed two main categories: “Being screened for childhood adversities” and “Having adverse childhood experiences”. In the study population, the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences was high. The women assessed the adverse childhood experiences questionnaire to be a relevant and acceptable screening method. Furthermore, women’s perceptions of their relationship with their midwife greatly impacted their attitudes towards and experiences of the questionnaire.
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Guidetti, Clotilde, Patrizia Brogna, Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo, Ida Turrini, Valentina Arcangeli, Azzurra Rausa, Maddalena Bianchetti, et al. "Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a Possible Evidence-Based Rehabilitation Treatment Option for a Patient with ADHD and History of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Case Report Study." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020200.
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Background: Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) having a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) could be very difficult to treat with standard psychotherapeutic approaches. Some children diagnosed with ADHD may have Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or have had experienced a significant traumatic event. Trauma and PTSD could exacerbate ADHD core symptoms and be a risk factor of poor outcome response. Objective: to report for the first time the history of a patient with ADHD and ACE successfully treated with an EMDR approach. Conclusion: EMDR could be a promising treatment for ADHD children with a history of traumatic experiences in addition to pharmacological treatments.
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Ellis, Genette, Yasmin Iles-Caven, Kate Northstone, and Jean Golding. "Traumatic childhood events of parents enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)." Wellcome Open Research 5 (April 8, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15804.1.
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Background: Early life experiences can have a significant impact on an individual’s later behaviour, the way they view the world, their beliefs and their success at forming strong interpersonal relationships. These factors may subsequently influence the way that the individual may parent their children, which in turn may have an effect on their child’s behaviour, mental health and world view. Research has linked early traumatic life experiences in the parent’s childhood to disorganised attachment to their own child. In this paper we describe the data collected from parents enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) on traumatic events experienced during their childhood, so that it can act as a resource for researchers in the future when considering outcomes on the adult, their children and grandchildren. Methods: Data were collected via multiple questionnaires completed by parents enrolled into the ALSPAC study. During pregnancy and post-delivery, questionnaires were administered between 1990 and 1992 via post to the study mothers and their partners. Data were collected on life events including bereavement, sexual abuse, physical abuse, abandonment, neglect, memories of childhood and accidents. Other reports of traumatic events in childhood were reported by parents using free text. This can be made available to researchers for coding on request.
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Watson, Stuart, Roy Chilton, Helen Fairchild, and Peter Whewell. "Association between Childhood Trauma and Dissociation Among Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 5 (May 2006): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01825.x.
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Objective: To examine the relationship between childhood trauma and dissociative experience in adulthood in patients with borderline personality disorder. Method: Dissociative experiences scale scores and subscale scores for the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were correlated in 139 patients. Patients were dichotomized into high or low dissociators using the Median Dissociative Experiences Scale score as the cut-off. Results: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Subscale scores for emotional and physical abuse and emotional neglect but not sexual abuse correlated significantly with Dissociative Experiences Scale scores. High dissociators reported significantly greater levels of emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect but not sexual abuse than low dissociators. Conclusion: Patients with borderline personality disorder therefore demonstrated levels of dissociation that increased with levels of childhood trauma, supporting the hypothesis that traumatic childhood experiences engender dissociative symptoms later in life. Emotional abuse and neglect may be at least as important as physical and sexual abuse in the development of dissociative symptoms.
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Shalaby, Noha. "Exploring the Incidences Behind Childhood Maltreatment in Childhood and its Association with the Prevalence of Depression and PTSD in Teenagers." International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal 21, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/indj/2024/v21i1414.
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The exploration of childhood trauma and its profound impact on the mental health of teenagers has garnered increasing attention in contemporary research. This study delves into the incidences of childhood trauma and investigates its association with the prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents. Childhood trauma, encompassing experiences such as abuse, neglect, or witnessing domestic violence, can imprint lasting psychological effects, particularly during the vulnerable teenage years. In a very literal sense, childhood trauma refers to highly distressing and adverse experiences that occur during an individual’s formative years, typically before the age of 18. These experiences can have profound and lasting effects on a person’s physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Childhood trauma can have far-reaching consequences, influencing various aspects of a person’s life, including their mental health, relationships, and overall well-being. This research study involves a comprehensive examination of the prevalence of different types of childhood trauma within the teenage population, utilizing validated assessment tools and surveys. The study aims to enlist the correlation between specific traumatic experiences and the manifestation of depression and PTSD symptoms. Through this exploration, the research seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the intricate interplay between adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes during adolescence.