Dissertations / Theses: 'Childhood trauma'

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Gabler, Jennifer Ann. "Childhood trauma and attachment disorder." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004gablerj.pdf.

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Lam, Janneke. "Whose pain? childhood, trauma, imagination /." [Amsterdam] : Amsterdam : ASCA ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/66830.

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Simmons, Rosemary Velda. "Childhood sexual trauma and female prostitution /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Spies, Georgina. "Neurocognitive outcomes in HIV and childhood trauma." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18097.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch Univesity, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is well established that South African women are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and gender based violence. Research to date has provided evidence for neurocognitive decline in individuals infected with HIV/AIDS and in individuals who have experienced early life trauma. However, many gaps remain in our knowledge about the neurocognitive profile of HIV and childhood trauma in South African women. The present study focused on the neurocognitive effects of HIV infection and childhood trauma, both separately and in combination in South African women. The primary aim of the study was to assess neurocognitive functioning in HIV-positive and matched HIVnegative controls, with and without a history of childhood trauma. Moreover, the study sought to assess the synergistic relationship between HIV and childhood trauma in influencing neurocognitive outcomes, a relationship which has not yet been investigated. A neuropsychological battery sensitive to HIV-related impairments was administered to 83 HIV-positive and 47 matched HIV-negative women with histories of childhood trauma. A history of childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire short form (CTQ-SF). Forty eight of the 83 HIV-positive women were exposed to childhood trauma. Among the control subjects, a total of twenty women were exposed to childhood trauma. Findings of the present study revealed neurocognitive deficits in memory and executive functions. Results demonstrated significant HIV effects in memory (HVLT-R learning and delay trials), and executive functions (Halstead Category test). Similarly, a trauma effect was evident in delayed recall (HVLT-R delay). Moreover, results revealed a significant interaction effect between HIV status and trauma status on the WAIS-III Symbol Search Task, a task of psychomotor speed. However, HIV-negative controls with a history of childhood trauma scored the highest on this task. Although this finding was unexpected, it may suggest that psychomotor speed may not be a sensitive or discriminating test of childhood trauma in healthy adults. The present study demonstrated evidence for HIV and trauma effects in the ability domains of learning and delayed recall and executive functions. Although the present study did not find evidence for a synergistic relationship between HIV and trauma, it did provide evidence for both HIV and trauma effects on neurocognition, a finding in keeping with previous studies. Future research should be prospective in nature and should better delineate the nature, severity, and temporal relationship of childhood trauma to neurocognitive outcomes, as well as the mediators and moderators of these outcomes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is alombekend dat Suid-Afrikaanse vroue buite verhouding swaar deur MIV/vigs en geslagsgebaseerde geweld getref word. Navorsing tot dusver lewer bewyse van neurokognitiewe verswakking by individue met MIV/vigs sowel as individue wat vroeg in hulle lewe reeds trauma ervaar het. Tog is daar steeds vele gapings in ons kennis oor die neurokognitiewe profiel met betrekking tot MIV en kindertrauma onder Suid- Afrikaanse vroue. Hierdie studie konsentreer op die neurokognitiewe uitwerking van MIV-infeksie en kindertrauma, afsonderlik sowel as gesamentlik, op Suid-Afrikaanse vroue. Die hoofdoel van die studie was om neurokognitiewe funksionering by MIV-positiewe vroue te bepaal en dit met gepaste MIV-negatiewe kontrolepersone te vergelyk, met én sonder 'n geskiedenis van kindertrauma. Daarbenewens wou die studie die sinergistiese verwantskap tussen MIV en kindertrauma in hul impak op neurokognitiewe uitkomste bepaal – 'n verwantskap wat tot dusver nog nie ondersoek is nie. 'n Neurosielkundige toetsbattery wat gevoelig is vir MIV-verwante swakhede is onder 83 MIV-positiewe vroue en 47 gepaste MIV-negatiewe kontrolepersone met 'n geskiedenis van kindertrauma afgeneem. 'n Geskiedenis van kindertrauma is met behulp van die kort weergawe van die kindertraumavraelys (CTQ-SF) vasgestel. Agt-en-veertig van die 83 MIV-positiewe vroue is as kinders aan trauma blootgestel. Van die kontrolegroep het 20 vroue in hul kindertyd trauma beleef. Die studie het neurokognitiewe tekorte in korttermyngeheue én uitvoerende funksies aan die lig gebring. Die resultate het 'n beduidende MIV-verwante uitwerking op korttermyngeheue (hersiene Hopkins- verbale leer-en-vertragingstoets, oftewel HVLT-R) sowel as uitvoerende funksies (Halstead-kategorietoets) getoon. Eweneens het die studie op 'n duidelike traumaverwante uitwerking op herinneringsvermoë (HVLT-R-vertraging) gedui. Daarbenewens het die WAIS-II- (Wechsler-volwassene-intelligensieskaal) simboolsoekopdrag – 'n psigomotoriese spoedtoets – 'n beduidende wisselwerkingseffek tussen MIV-status en traumastatus getoon. Tog het MIV-negatiewe kontrolepersone met 'n geskiedenis van kindertrauma die beste in hierdie opdrag gevaar. Hoewel hierdie bevinding verrassend was, kan dit daarop dui dat psigomotoriese spoed dalk nie 'n gevoelige of diskriminerende toets van kindertrauma by gesonde volwassenes is nie. Die studie het bewys gelewer van MIV- en traumaverwante uitwerkings op korttermyngeheue en uitvoerende funksies. Hoewel die ondersoek nie bewyse van 'n sinergistiese verwantskap tussen MIV en trauma kon vind nie, het dit wél bevestig dat MIV en trauma neurokognitiewe werking beïnvloed – 'n bevinding wat in pas is met vorige studies. Toekomstige navorsing behoort ondersoekend te wees en die aard, felheid en tydgebondenheid van die verwantskap tussen kindertrauma en neurokognitiewe uitkomste, sowel as die mediator- en moderatorveranderlikes van hierdie uitkomste, beter te omskryf.

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Levett, Ann. "Psychological trauma : discourses of childhood sexual abuse." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17128.

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Bibliography: pages 334-360.
There are difficulties with the ways in which childhood sexual abuse and its consequences have been conceptualised and studied. This thesis takes a critical and reflexive approach in examining conventional, dominant ideas about psychological trauma following the sexual abuse or molestation of girls. The empirical and clinical literature in this area is reviewed, to contextualize two studies in the first part of the thesis. Case studies of three women who disclosed childhood sexual abuse as a major problem area in psychotherapy are presented within a psychodynamic framework; the therapeutic issues which emerge are ones common among women. A prevalence study of child sexual abuse experiences among a sample of university women students is then presented and compared with North American studies; the prevalence figure of 44% is discussed in relation to the methodology used, which was informed by feminist conventions of a supportive, non-intrusive group setting, providing educational input as a therapeutic intervention. Given that childhood sexual abuse is a common experience for girls, a conceptual analysis of psychological trauma is developed. In Part II of the thesis the methodology is informed by the importance of linking current ideas about ideology with language and social practices, in an investigation of themes of power/knowledge in relation to the issues raised in Part I. Verbal and written texts gathered from a group of women were subjected to discourse analyses. In the third study presented it is shown that the professional discourse concerning the traumatic effects of child sexual abuse is pervasive in discursive themes elicited from lay women. This is interpreted as an example of the production and reproduction of knowledge which perpetuates existing power structures (lay /professional; female/male; child/adult); anomalous themes are understood as agentic strategies of resistance. In the fourth study presented, discourse analysis of spoken and written texts collected from women showed the extent to which fears and anxieties about childhood sexual abuse affects the lives of girls and women in a South African sample, and the forms these fears take. Interpreted as discourses of female control, every girl is placed and has to place herself in relation to these discourses, in which she invests in various ways. The conclusion is that the individualization of specific events of sexual abuse obscures the everyday discourses and discursive practices which govern the lives of girls and women, against which they may struggle. These constitute aspects of the interpellation of female gendered subjectivity. The conflict areas and problems which bring women to therapy are related to being female in a particular socio-historical context, rather than to experiences of childhood sexual abuse.

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Kilby, Jane. "Animated testimony : feminism, witnessing and childhood sexual trauma." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369467.

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Lemaigre, Charlotte. "Childhood trauma and its psychosocial sequelae : a thesis portfolio." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25689.

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Background: It is widely understood that survivors of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional, physical neglect) have poorer mental health outcomes than their non-abused counterparts; one of which is an increased risk of suicidality. The disclosure of childhood abuse is key to safeguarding against further victimization and promoting better psychosocial outcomes for survivors in the long-term. Aims: The aims of this thesis portfolio are twofold. Firstly, to review the published literature investigating the barriers and facilitators to disclosing sexual abuse as perceived by children and adolescents (Chapter 1). Secondly, to research the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality in a cohort of socio-economically deprived men living in Scotland (Chapter 3). The bridging chapter (Chapter 2) discusses the main themes that connect chapters one and three, notably the possible negative impact of childhood trauma on adult psychosocial functioning. Method: An exploratory systematic review and meta-synthesis of the literature was carried out. Strict eligibility criteria were predefined and a comprehensive search strategy identified a total of thirteen studies for review. For the empirical study, a total of 86 adult men with past and/or present suicidality participated in a quantitative cohort study and completed measures on childhood trauma, emotion regulation, interpersonal difficulties and suicidal behaviour. Multiple mediation analysis was used to analyse the data and to answer the study’s research questions. Results: The exploratory review highlighted that existing research into child and adolescent disclosures of sexual abuse is still in its infancy and that robust, longitudinal studies with more sophisticated methodologies are required to replicate findings. The collective body of literature identified that limited support, perceived negative consequences and feelings of self-blame, shame and guilt serve as significant barriers to disclosure whilst being asked or prompted through the provision of developmentally appropriate information facilitates young people to tell. The empirical study found that emotion regulation and interpersonal difficulties mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality in a sample of adult men. Conclusion: Several important clinical implications were identified in both parts of the thesis portfolio. Firstly, the systematic review identified the need for family members, friends and frontline professionals to explicitly ask children about the possibility of sexual abuse. It was also considered imperative that recipients are supported in responding to disclosures in positive and supportive ways so as to reduce young peoples’ feelings of responsibility, self-blame, shame and guilt. The empirical study concluded that dysfunctional emotion regulation and interpersonal difficulties are implicated in the overall collateral and compounding psychosocial sequelae of childhood trauma. The provision of psychological interventions for men with past and/or present suicidality should support individuals to develop healthy social problem-solving and emotion regulation skills. Providing effective, trauma-informed interventions for these individuals will move their treatment beyond simple risk management and focus, instead, on instilling recovery and resilience.

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Cumberbatch, Jillian Fiona. "Delusional beliefs and childhood trauma : does a relationship exist?" Thesis, University of Leeds, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392844.

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Goodmote, Carla Bea. "From tragedy to triumph: Developing resiliency from childhood trauma." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1640.

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Palmier-Claus, Jasper. "Childhood adversity in bipolar disorder and psychosis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/childhood-adversity-in-bipolar-disorder-and-psychosis(40707dae-c064-4da5-8b06-2d7f18ff5b14).html.

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Study one is a meta-analysis of the relationship between childhood adversity and bipolar disorder. The results suggest that individuals with bipolar disorder are 2.63 times more likely to experience childhood adversity than non-clinical controls. This effect remained significant even when controlling for bias and when considering epidemiological and case control studies separately. Levels of adversity in bipolar disorder were comparable to those observed in samples diagnosed with unipolar depression and schizophrenia. In adversity subtype analysis, emotional abuse conveyed the greatest risk of bipolar disorder with an odds ratio of 4.04. The results suggest that childhood adversity, particularly emotional abuse, may play an important role in the development of bipolar disorder. This challenges the notion that bipolar disorder is solely the result of a genetic predisposition. Study two is cross-sectional research investigating the association between childhood adversity and social functioning across the continuum of psychosis, and possible mediators of this relationship (i.e. attachment style, theory of mind ability, clinical symptoms). Fifty-four clinical and 120 non-clinical participants completed self-report questionnaires, interviews and tasks of theory of mind ability. The author used multiple group structural equation modelling to fit mediation models, whilst allowing for differential relationships across the samples. In the final model, only depression mediated the relationship between childhood adversity and social functioning. Childhood adversity did not significantly predict theory of mind ability in this data. The results suggest that psychosocial interventions for improving social functioning should also target low mood, particularly in individuals with a history of childhood adversity. Taken together this thesis suggests that childhood adversity can have long-reaching and negative effects on individuals' mental well-being. The author explores the wider clinical, academic and theoretical implications, and potential limitations, of the research in paper three. This section also contains the author's reflections on the research process and a justification of key methodological and analytical decisions.

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Polepally, Ashok Gautami. "Childhood Trauma, BDSM, and Self-Esteem| An Exploration of the Impact of Childhood Trauma on Sexual Behavior and the Effects to Self-Esteem." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10786247.

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BDSM includes a variety of acronyms: Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, and Sadism and Masochism, and is rooted in sane, safe, and consensual sex. The understanding that BDSM is abnormal or deviant is rooted in the notion that sexual pleasure derived from unconventional methods is pathological, and is a manifestation of childhood trauma and/or poor adjustment to society. This additionally translates to the notion that one who engages in consensual non-conventional sexual behavior has poor self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of childhood trauma among individuals who practice BDSM and how this relates to their self-esteem. The exploratory study used a questionnaire including demographic data, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Self Report (CTQ-SR; Bernstein & Fink, 1998) to determine the presence of childhood trauma, including physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) to determine the degree of self-esteem. A comparison was made between individuals who self-identified as practicing BDSM and those who do not. The research questions were as follows: Does childhood trauma, including physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse differ based on engagement in BDSM? Does self-esteem differ based on engagement in BDSM among individuals with a history of childhood trauma? Does self-esteem differ based on engagement in BDSM among individuals with no history of childhood trauma? A MANOVA and factorial analysis was used to analyze the data.

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Quinn, Megan, Gabrielle Caldara, Kathleen Collins, Heather Owens, Ifeoma Ozodiegwu, Elaine Loudermilk, and Jill D. Stinson. "Methods for Understanding Childhood Trauma: Modifying the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire for Cultural Competency." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6778.

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Day, Anneliese E. "Psychological factors implicated in homelessness : The role of childhood trauma." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505817.

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Klengel, Torsten [Verfasser], and Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Wotjak. "Epigenetic signature of childhood trauma / Torsten Klengel. Betreuer: Carsten Wotjak." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082504823/34.

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MacInnes, Marlene. "Examining the sequelae of childhood trauma in forensic mental health." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9879.

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Introduction The aims of this thesis were twofold. The first was to systematically review the literature, on the influence of childhood trauma on psychopathology, across a range of forensic settings. The second was to complete an empirical study that examined the relationship between childhood trauma and insecure attachment patterns and psychopathology, risk, and engagement in therapy, in a forensic population. Method For the first aim database searches and hand searches of journals assessed against predefined criteria, identified 13 papers that were eligible for review. For the research study, 64 participants from three forensic secure hospitals completed three self-report questionnaires as part of a retrospective cross-sectional design. Data was also obtained from hospital records and clinical staff. Results The systematic review identified ten studies that were rated to be of good quality, two that were rated to be of fair quality and one that was rated as weak. Results identified a relationship between childhood trauma and psychopathology, but it is difficult to generalise findings due to the heterogeneity of this population. The research study found both childhood trauma and insecure attachment significantly predicted psychopathology and risk. No associations with engagement in therapy were found, but methodological reasons for this outcome were considered. Conclusion The systematic review highlighted that research in the area of childhood trauma and psychopathology in forensic settings is at an early stage, as most studies are small and cross-sectional. It discussed the need to develop further research to improve psychological treatment and reduce recidivism. Recommendations were made in the research study to routinely assess for childhood trauma and consider attachment patterns. Limitations in the design of the study were also acknowledged.

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Ashley-Cooper, Michaela. "Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents with a history of childhood trauma." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10018.

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Traumatic events experienced in childhood, such as physical and sexual abuse, can lead to multiple long-term effects on later cognitive functioning. Empirical research has shown that specific brain regions are affected by traumatic stress, including the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. It follows that the cognitive abilities subserved by these regions, including spatial navigation, new learning, and executive functioning, are negatively affected. The aim of the current study was to provide a thorough investigation of how trauma exposure and PTSD effect adolescents' cognitive functioning (looking specifically at those tasks subserved by the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex), correcting for the methodological flaws seen in the research thus far.

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Ferreira, Yolandi. "Hard hitting facts on childhood head trauma: an epidemiological analysis." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31339.

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Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) will become the third largest cause of global disease by the year 2020. Despite its astonishing numbers, TBI remains a silent or even forgotten epidemic with significant paucity in epidemiological data. TBI in developing countries represents a disproportionate burden of disease and data are lacking regarding the unique demographics in South Africa to design and implement focused prevention programmes. A valuable tool to assess the severity of TBI is the use of Computer tomography (CT). CT also is the main imaging modality to provide rapid identification and information for the management of children with TBI. CT scanning utilises ionising radiation and as an imaging modality poses risk to the patient. In order to guide decision protocol/algorithm, various Clinical Decision Rules (CDRs) have been established in High Income Countries. These protocols, including the need for CT scan might differ in a Medium/Low Income setting. Methodology: This is a prospective, single centre cohort study. Data were collected over an 18-month period (1 August 2015 - 31 January 2017). Children under the age of 13 years (n=3007) presenting to RCWCH after sustaining a head injury were included. Various epidemiological data were collected. A Road Safety Questionnaire was also used to evaluate safety knowledge of health care workers. Three different CDRs were compared to the standard of practice in RCWCH. A final analysis of demographics, mechanism of injury, radiology outcome, safety analysis and evaluation of a comparison of local protocol compared to the other CDRs was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age of paediatric patients presenting after a head injury was 4.6 years. There was a significant male predominance (66%) and almost two thirds of all children were of pre-school age. Falls (53%; n=1601) represented the most common mechanism of injury across all age groups, followed by road traffic related injuries (RTI) (29%; n=864), struck by or against an object (9%; n=279) and injuries as a result of interpersonal violence (8%; n=230). Within the subset of RTI (n=864) only 6 passengers were appropriately restrained, with 142 unrestrained and 56 passengers transported on the back of a goods vehicle. In the under 3-yearold age group, only 1 patient was appropriately transported in a car seat, with 51 unrestrained and 6 transported on the back of a goods vehicle. Pedestrian related injuries were by far the largest group of RTI (70%) with 50% of these under the age of 5 years. Intentional injuries inflicted by an adult were most common (34%) in the pre-verbal (under 2 years old) group. Interpersonal violence among minors (assault with a brick or stone) constituted 52% of intentional injuries. Eight firearm related injuries were recorded. Appliances and iron gates that were not correctly installed were additional causes of injury. CT scans were obtained according to the RCWCH protocol in 59% of cases and 34% showed an abnormal result. The sensitivity (98%) and specificity (93%) while using the standard of practice protocol was better than the 3 CDRs developed in High Income Countries. Analysing our Road Safety Questionnaire there appears great room for improvement regarding awareness of road safety guidelines and legislation. Conclusion: The performance of the current RCWCH CT scan protocol appears appropriate in our setting although there is some room for improvement using the strengths of the other CDRs. Valuable insight regarding the epidemiology of TBI in our setting has been highlighted. Of specific importance is the large proportion of very young children at risk of injury by all mechanisms of injury, particularly pedestrian-related injuries, unrestrained passengers and interpersonal violence among minors. Important gaps in knowledge about current recommendations for road safety were identified by the questionnaire. As long as these issues are not appropriately addressed through enhanced injury prevention programmes, children will continue to carry the heavy burden of TBI morbidity and mortality.

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Banks, Beth Ellen Lawing 1959. "Women and childhood trauma: A handbook for substance abuse counselors." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278366.

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Research indicates that at least half of all women substance abusers were abused in childhood and this trauma negatively impacts substance abuse recovery. Professionals in the field agree that substance abuse counselors need to understand trauma, its effects, and treatment in order to work with their female clients. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a handbook to assist substance abuse counselors in private practice in assessing and treating child abuse trauma in women substance abusers. The handbook was developed through the historical research method and the action method of applied research. The handbook outline and completed manuscript were evaluated by substance abuse counselors in private practice with experience counseling trauma survivors. The evaluations indicated the handbook would be useful for substance abuse counselors. Recommendations for changes suggested by the evaluators will be made prior to publication. Implications for further research on women substance abusers and childhood trauma are presented.

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Gonzalez, Sherry M. "Beyond the Narrative| Effective Therapeutic Approaches in Early Childhood Trauma." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10289113.

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The current study highlights symptoms of early childhood trauma that are often overlooked. It challenges the common assumption that if children are not talking about the trauma then it does not bother them but rather focuses on symptoms that may be surfacing unconsciously, through play, dreams, and somatic symptoms. Drawing from the current researchers experience with trauma composed the statement: Therapists and primary caregivers can help children work through early childhood trauma, without knowing their narratives, but rather with combinations of depth approaches using dream work, play therapy, and somatic techniques that are interwoven with the use of imagination. This led to pulling from the works of Judith Herman, Peter Levine, Bessel van der Kolk, Patricia Garfield, and Violet Oaklander. Generating findings that prove effective to easing symptoms of early childhood trauma when combining techniques from these different areas of study: dream work, somatic work on the body and play.

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Fitton, Lucy. "Childhood trauma and executive functioning in violent and criminal samples." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3f9903b3-df44-4023-9ad2-65b6c0898c65.

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Violent and criminal behaviours have significant economic and psychological costs to society that contribute to substantial pain and suffering. It is important to understand the processes involved in such behaviours in order to implement preventative strategies and interventions. The first paper is a meta-analytic review exploring the association between childhood trauma and violent outcomes in prospective studies. A systematic search yielded 18 eligible papers, all of which defined childhood trauma in terms of child maltreatment and witnessing domestic violence. Overall, childhood trauma was found to increase the risk of violent outcomes with a random-effects odds ratio of 1.8 (95% CI 1.4-2.4) and substantial heterogeneity (I² = 92%). It is concluded that childhood trauma is associated with violent outcomes, and the clinical and forensic implications are discussed together with recommendations for future research. The second paper presents a quantitative study investigating aspects of executive functioning in older probationers. Executive dysfunction is considered to have a role in offending behaviour but to date no studies have specifically examined the executive functioning of older probationers. Thirty-two males aged fifty years and over were recruited and completed the Verbal Fluency and Stroop tests to assess mental flexibility and response inhibition. They also completed measures of mental health, substance use and cognitive impairment. In comparison to normative data older probationers did not present with deficits in executive functioning although they did display high rates of mental health and substance use difficulties. These preliminary findings can be used to guide future research with older probationers. The study strengths and limitations, service implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Plowman, Chris. "Is there a causal link between childhood emotional abuse and adult dissociation." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289258.

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Gimenez, Larissa Bessani Hidalgo. "O estresse precoce como um dos determinantes do uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas: revisão integrativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-04092015-162506/.

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Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura com o objetivo de identificar, sistematizar e analisar as evidências científicas que corroborem que ter sofrido Estresse Precoce, mensurado pelo instrumento Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), é um fator determinante no uso e abuso de substâncias psicoativas na adolescência e vida adulta. A busca foi realizada em agosto de 2014 nas bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Psycinfo, e utilizou-se o limite dos estudos indexados nos últimos 10 anos. Para as buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas foram utilizadas combinações entre descritores controlados e palavras chaves relacionadas ao uso de substâncias psicoativas, estresse precoce e CTQ adaptadas para cada base de dados, as quais resultaram em 1114 estudos. Com a utilização dos filtros de idiomas Inglês, Espanhol e Português, somente artigos originais e publicações a partir do ano de 2003 até 18 de Agosto de 2014 o número de referências totais foram de 439. Após retirar os artigos duplicados em mais de uma base de dados, o número total de referências elegíveis para este estudo foi de 359. Após leitura de títulos e resumos foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra 157 estudos. Após leitura na íntegra foram excluídos aqueles textos que não respondiam a questão de pesquisa, sendo eleitos para esta revisão 08 artigos. Para extração dos dados foi utilizado um instrumento validado (URSI). A análise da descrição dos estudos foi realizada com base no instrumento STROBE, metodologia e delineamento das pesquisas foram analisadas com assessoria estatística. A análise dos dados foi descritiva e dividida em subcategorias: Estresse Precoce e Uso de Substâncias Psicoativas na Adolescência; Estresse Precoce e a Diferença Entre os Gêneros; Estresse Precoce e a Relação com Estresse e Depressão na Vida Adulta; Estresse Precoce e as Estratégias de Enfrentamento (Coping) na Vida Adulta; Estresse Precoce e o Álcool: a droga mais utilizada e porta de entrada para outras substâncias psicoativas. A partir dos estudos incluídos nessa revisão, foi possível identificar fatores que evidenciam que ter sofrido Estresse Precoce tem como um desfecho o uso abusivo de álcool e outras substâncias psicoativas na adolescência e vida adulta, em combinação com outros fatores ambientais e genéticos que influenciam o início do uso e posterior abuso das mesmas
This is an integrative literature review in order to identify, classify and analyze the scientific evidence supporting that have suffered Early Life Stress, measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), is a determining factor in the use and abuse of psychoactive substances in adolescence and adulthood. The search was conducted in August 2014 in the databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) and Psycinfo, and used the limit of the indexed studies in the last 10 years. For searches of electronic databases were used combinations of controlled descriptors and keywords related to substance abuse, early life stress and CTQ, adapted to each database, resulting in 1114 studies. With the use of the filters: English, Spanish and Portuguese language, only original articles and publications from the year 2003 until August 18, 2014, the total number of references were 439. After removing duplicate items in more than one database, the total number of references eligible for this study was 359. After reading titles and abstracts, were selected for full reading 157 studies. In the full texts, were excluded those who did not respond to the research question, being elected to this review 08 articles. For data extraction was used a validated instrument (URSI). The analysis of the description of the studies was based on the STROBE instrument. The methodology and design of the researches were analyzed with statistical advice. Data analysis was descriptive and divided into subcategories: Early Life Stress and Psychoactive Substance Use in Adolescence; Early Life Stress and the Difference Between the Genders; Early Life Stress and the Relationship with Stress and Depression in Adulthood; Early Life Stress and Coping Strategies in Adulthood; Early Life Stress and Alcohol: the most widely used drug and gateway to other psychoactive substances. From the studies included in this review, it was possible to identify factors that Early Life Stress is an outcome of the alcohol and other psychoactive abuse in adolescence and adulthood, in combination with other environmental and genetic factors, that influence the beginning of use and later abuse of them

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Howell, Sean. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS ON SYMPTOMS OF POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/805.

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ABSTRACT Despite a plethora of research documenting the effectiveness of various therapeutic interventions on the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), there continues to be ambiguity insofar as which approaches or combination thereof are most effective at improving adverse manifestations of this disorder. This lack of clarity is further confounded when other variables and nuances pertaining to variations of PTSD (i.e. military, sexual trauma, childhood abuse, etc.) are factored into these comparisons. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the impact of various interventions on improving the symptoms of PTSD. This study also examined the variances which stand in need of recognition when determining which interventions are most appropriate and meaningful in improving the quality of life and functionality of individuals with this disorder. This has significance in both macro and micro social work practices due to the potential for improvements in policies, allocation of resources, and enhancements in micro-level interventions. The research design involved qualitative interviews with clinicians devised to identify gaps, areas of agreement, and dissent among the research. Data analysis will be qualitatiive and will be guided by assessing the impact of interventions on the 17 symptoms which, according to the DSM-5 are associated with PTSD.

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Perez, Nicholas Michael. "The Path to Violent Behavior: The Harmful Aftermath of Childhood Trauma." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6129.

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Adverse childhood experiences can lead to a number of harmful outcomes throughout an individual’s life, ranging from medical problems to criminal behavior. These traumatic experiences, comprised of different forms of maltreatment and dysfunctional household environments, can affect the development of a child in a variety of different ways. The multitude of developmental changes can produce compounding harmful effects on the child’s life and lead to acutely maladaptive outcomes. Under the perspective of developmental psychopathology, the ever-changing biological, psychological, and social dynamics of children who experience trauma can contribute to deficiencies in all aspects of their subsequent development. Each of these developmental changes can lead to problem behaviors during adolescence and further progress the youth down a path toward both externalized and internalized violent behavior. In this study of youth who came in contact with the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, the consequences of childhood trauma in the development of juvenile delinquents are examined. This data allowed for the calculation of each child’s Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) score (Felitti et al., 1998). Using a generalized structural equation model, the effects of ACE scores are estimated on several aspects of each child’s personality development, adolescent problem behaviors, and violent outcomes. Specifically, the model evaluates both the direct and indirect effects of the culmination of adverse childhood experiences on the initiation of externalized violence (serious, violent, chronic delinquency) and internalized violence (suicidal behavior), as mediated through the development of personality characteristics (such as aggression and impulsivity) and adolescent problem behaviors (such as the imitation of deviant peers, school failure and dropout, substance abuse problems, and symptoms of mental illness). This study aims to contribute to the formation of a more complete understanding of the role of childhood trauma in the development of these two types of violent behaviors to improve our assessment and treatment of children who suffer from early-life trauma.

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Nguyen, Lananh Josephine. "The impact of childhood trauma on treatment response of depressed adolescents /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1276405561&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-92). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Green, Rebecca Ryan. "Coming home to body| Moving through uncertainty healing from childhood trauma." Thesis, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10117889.

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The subject of this inquiry is the lived experience of the body healing from childhood interpersonal trauma. The questions driving this inquiry were designed to elicit the meaning body-based healing has brought to those who have endured childhood trauma and engaged in healing practices offered by the field of psychology, including both talk therapy and somatic psychotherapy and practices. The literature in psychology reveals scarce studies that privilege the lived experiences of persons who are in the process of transforming childhood trauma. Therefore, there is need for this study which foregrounds the mind, body, and spiritual lived experiences of trauma and its healing, in participant’s own words.

This study brings forth the stories of four participants who experienced interpersonal childhood trauma and also sought body-based healing modalities. Through the perspective of psyche, outcomes of this study were revealed from a deep, reflective, metaphorical standpoint. This theoretical foundation set the stage for the use of the qualitative method of narrative inquiry. Phenomenological analysis of interviews created a first-person subjective point of view into the experience of developing a deeper body consciousness.

Meaning derived from this study delineated four pathways of healing presented under the refrains of Seeking Healing, What Wants to Live, Living Within Trauma and Healing, and The Awakened Body. From here, the study provides a broader context to the experience of healing that includes the movement from dissociation to awareness in a context of uncertainty. This perspective provides a different consideration of what is happening in the healing process, important for psychotherapists, as well as trauma scholars and practitioners exploring treatments. Most importantly, the outcomes will be of interest to those who are healing from childhood trauma, sketching a trajectory of how body-based therapies and activities potentially transform many aspects of one’s life. Outcomes could guide further research related to the intersections of childhood trauma and long-term healing and transformation.

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Steiner, Emily Irene. "Trauma-informed practice| A self-study in early childhood special education." Thesis, Mills College, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10155716.

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The purpose of this self-study is to examine and analyze if and how an understanding of early childhood trauma informs my practice in my student-teaching placements in early childhood special education and a special day class (SDC) autism preschool. This study was informed by research in the field, as well as qualitative interviews on the subject. This study aims brings to light the need for more training and education on trauma-informed care in ECE. Data was collected through self-focused reflections and feedback from my colleagues on my work in my student-teaching placements at a center-based early intervention program in Oakland and an autism SDC preschool in San Leandro. Data was also collected through qualitative interviews with professionals working in the realms of early brain development and childhood trauma. This data was examined using an understanding of trauma’s impact on brain development, behavior, learning, and interactions with others, the role of early childhood educators as protective factors who provide supportive, responsive care that fosters resiliency, as well as literature on trauma sensitive care. This study makes an important contribution to the literature because, while there is a great deal of literature on early childhood trauma in the fields of psychology and neurobiology, there is a disconnect between this knowledge base and what training early childhood educators receive and a general lack of trauma-informed care in early childhood settings. This study discusses how trauma-informed care can be put into practice in ECE and advocates for more training and implementation in these settings.

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Roley, Michelle E. "Predictors of the Acquired Capability for Suicide among Childhood Trauma Survivors." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1457628717.

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Suzuki, Akiko. "Emotional processing in mood disorder : clarifying the role of childhood trauma." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/emotional-processing-in-mood-disorder-clarifying-the-role-of-childhood-trauma(2a053bd9-a76a-4399-a128-41e2ee94f1a9).html.

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Epidemiological studies suggest a high prevalence of depression in those who have experienced trauma and abuse in childhood. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the functional mechanisms of altered emotional processing that play a mediatory role in this causal relationship between childhood trauma and depression. From the perspectives of different scientific disciplines - psychophysiology, neuroendocrinology and behavioural psychology- emotional resilience and vulnerability to depression were investigated in order to consider different developmental pathways to psychopathology. A total of 83 participants (29 male: 54 female) were recruited for this project. Emotional processing styles were concurrently examined using three different experimental measures, namely startle responses to emotional images (Experiment 1), cortisol responses to emotional images (Experiment 2), and facial emotion recognition (Experiment 3). These measures were undertaken in a cross-sectional study comprising four groups: healthy individuals with (N = 17) and without a history of childhood trauma (N = 24) and depressed patients with (N = 23) and without a history of childhood trauma (N = 19). All the experiments were conducted at the same day and with the same order (Experiment 3 follows Experiment 1) for each participant. During those experimental sessions saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels for Experiment 2. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine possible roles of emotional processing styles examined in these experimental measures mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and depression. Experiment 1) demonstrated strong normal affective startle modulation in healthy abused individuals contrasting with its absence in depressed individuals. Experiment 2) demonstrated lower cortisol reactivity to emotional images in those with a history of abuse but no differences between healthy and depressed abused individuals. Experiment 3) demonstrated more errors in recognising negative facial emotions but fewer errors on positive facial emotions within healthy abused individuals relative to healthy non-abused individuals. An opposite pattern of more errors in recognising positive facial emotions but few errors on negative facial emotions was found within depressed abused individuals relative to depressed non-abused individuals. The results from the mediation analyses found that suppressed startle amplitudes mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression and were a marker of vulnerability to depression, whereas the absence of this marker was associated with resilience to depression. However, the same analyses on cortisol reactivity and facial emotion recognition did not demonstrate significant mediation in the relationship between childhood trauma and depression. The results of the study suggest that the retention of a normal affective startle modulation and the development of a positive bias in the recognition of facial emotions are implicated as functional mechanisms that render abused individuals resistant to depression. Reduced cortisol stress reactivity, that may reflect adrenocortical abnormality, was found in abused individuals. The identification of these cognitive resilience factors that may be able to compensate for long-lasting effects of childhood trauma has important implications for the future design of the psychological treatments targeted specifically at the patient population with a history of childhood trauma.

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Hillier, Kaitlyn. "The Impact of Childhood Trauma and Personality on Kinkiness in Adulthood." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6579.

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Historically, kinky sexualities and sexual behaviors have been understood as pathological or perverse. Such misunderstandings and misrepresentations have contributed to the development and perpetuation of kink stigma. The aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional, correlational research study was to explore the potential relationship(s) between pathology, personality, and kinky sexual behaviors/roles in adulthood. Guided by queer-feminist theory, the research questions addressed whether personality traits, experiences of childhood trauma, or a combination thereof, were predictors for kinky behaviors/roles in adulthood. A multi measure, anonymous, and confidential survey was distributed online including the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale as a childhood trauma questionnaire, the Mini-IPIP, and the sadomasochism checklist. Multiple regression analyses were used, and the results showed that experiences of childhood trauma, personality characteristics, or the combination of both were not significant predictors for kinky sexual behaviors in adulthood. Among the sample surveyed, there were no significant relationships found between the variables to provide sufficient evidence to support the negative perceptions and stigmatization of the kinky population. These findings contribute to social change by better informing deficiencies in the historical pathology-based and personality-based academic literature on kinky sexualities. Additionally, the findings of the present study provide others with an increased awareness and understanding of the kink community and lifestyles which benefits evolving society and psychological professionals, scholars, and the kink community.

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Davis, W. Sumner. "Association Between Psychological Trauma From Assault in Childhood and Metabolic Syndrome." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1256.

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Metabolic syndrome and its component conditions of hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance are on the increase in United States. Metabolic syndrome substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D). To date, no published study has examined the relationship between psychological traumas from physical and/or sexual assault in childhood and metabolic syndrome or its components. This study, using the psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) model, investigated associations between psychological trauma (physical/sexual abuse) in childhood and metabolic syndrome in adulthood using data from the Midlife in the United States II (MIDUS-II) study. This research was undertaken to investigate whether a history of psychological trauma was associated with an elevated risk for metabolic syndrome. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to investigate the respective associations. Metabolic syndrome was the dependent variable, assault in childhood was the independent variable, and the relevant covariates included in the logistic regression model were age, gender, cigarette and alcohol consumption, and ethnicity. While there was no significant association between assault in childhood and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.146), there were significant associations between metabolic syndrome and age group (p =< 0.026). In the adjusted logistic regression model, the only covariate that showed significant association with metabolic syndrome was Age Group 2 (41-55; p = 0.016). Also significant was the association between sexual assault in childhood and high blood pressure (p = 0.041). The results of this study suggest that clinicians may wish to watch for evidence of abuse, given the potential for future health impacts.

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Ibbotson, Ashley Kennedy. "The Role of Childhood Trauma and Methamphetamine-Induced Violence in Women." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1313.

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Victims of childhood trauma are vulnerable to substance abuse due to their inability to develop coping skills following trauma, which can lead to criminal and violent behavior. Guided by the ecodevelopmental theory, this phenomenological study attempted to relate the perceived experiences of violent behaviors as a result of methamphetamine use in women to the types of childhood trauma the women experienced. Fourteen women were recruited using purposive sampling in collaboration with the South Brunswick Counseling Center, based on inclusion criteria that included being over the age of 18; having abstained from methamphetamine use for at least a year; having experienced a childhood trauma including physical, sexual, emotional/verbal abuse or neglect; and having perpetrated violence against others as an adult while under the influence of methamphetamine. Data were analyzed using Moustakas' qualitative analysis method and revealed 5 themes: unresolved anger over childhood trauma, 'roller coaster of emotions,' lack of coping resources, initial negative influences, and therapist influence. The participants confirmed previous research findings that unresolved anger over past childhood trauma is the main consequence associated with methamphetamine-induced violence. The study impacts social change by adding to the body of knowledge regarding the shared experiences of these women between childhood trauma and methamphetamine-induced violence. These findings could aid in the development of community-based prevention and intervention programs for victims of childhood trauma, mental health professionals establishing evidence-based interventions, and victims' parents, who are susceptible to substance abuse and resulting violence.

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Lombardi-Davis, Christina. "Early Childhood Teacher Perspectives Regarding Preparedness to Teach Children Experiencing Trauma." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7937.

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In the United States, approximately 26% of children will witness or experience a traumatic event before they turn 4 years old. Therefore, teachers must be prepared to meet the individual needs of children who exhibit symptoms of trauma. However, there is a gap in research regarding teachers' perspectives about how teacher preparation experiences influence teaching strategies and the creation of supportive environments for preschool children who have experienced trauma. Using Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore how teachers' perspectives about teacher preparation experiences influenced their teaching strategies and the creation of supportive environments for preschool children who have experienced trauma. In-depth interviews were used to collect data from 10 preschool teachers from a southern state who had varying teaching experience, degrees, and preparation experiences. The continuous data analysis process included organizing the data, reflecting on meaning, and identifying and coding key words and themes to answer the research questions. Results indicated that teacher preparation experiences influenced the participants' teaching strategies and the creation of supportive environments. However, the results also suggested a need for more content specific teacher preparation experiences. Potential social implications of this study include (a) improving teacher preparation opportunities, (b) an increase in teacher self-efficacy, (c) an increase in child development outcomes, and (d) adding to the current literature on teacher preparation and childhood trauma.

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Robertson, Robert Lyle. "Serial murder as allegory : a subconscious echo of unresolved childhood trauma." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15917/1/Robert_Robertson_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis explores the notion that we may be able to more fully understand the etiology of serial murder. Specifically, it concludes that the behaviours of serial murderers can be allegorical of unresolved childhood trauma - that in the murderous actions of the adult there can be a depth of subconscious allegorical connection to the repressed (forgotten) and unresolved trauma of the murderer's own childhood. The focus for this hermeneutic inquiry is the intersection that can be constructed between the phenomenon of serial murder and the assertion of the psychoanalyst Alice Miller that every perpetrator of violence was once a child who was (himself or herself) a victim. Alice Miller's concept of Poisonous Pedagogy is explained and critiqued. Her belief that our childhoods tell the stories of our adult behaviours is questioned in light of the similar theoretical ground of Life History, Life Narrative, Psychobiography, and Psychoanalytic Narrative. Miller's contention that there are directly allegorical connections between childhood abuse and adult murderous behaviours is illustrated by her analysis of the life of Jurgen Bartsch. A hermeneutic examination of the biographic records of two other serial murderers (Ted Bundy and John Wayne Gacy) is then undertaken to question the available support for Miller's contentions It is concluded that there is strong support for Miller's assertions regarding the etiology of violence, and that violent adult behaviour, even serial murder, can be allegorical of unresolved childhood trauma. It is suggested that there is a need to extend this area of research through face-to-face engagement with perpetrators of violence. It is recommended that we directly engage serial murderers in personal discourses that will allow further exploration of Miller's notion that serial murderers' behaviours are allegorical echoes of harm that was done to them.

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Robertson, Robert Lyle. "Serial murder as allegory : a subconscious echo of unresolved childhood trauma." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15917/.

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This thesis explores the notion that we may be able to more fully understand the etiology of serial murder. Specifically, it concludes that the behaviours of serial murderers can be allegorical of unresolved childhood trauma - that in the murderous actions of the adult there can be a depth of subconscious allegorical connection to the repressed (forgotten) and unresolved trauma of the murderer's own childhood. The focus for this hermeneutic inquiry is the intersection that can be constructed between the phenomenon of serial murder and the assertion of the psychoanalyst Alice Miller that every perpetrator of violence was once a child who was (himself or herself) a victim. Alice Miller's concept of Poisonous Pedagogy is explained and critiqued. Her belief that our childhoods tell the stories of our adult behaviours is questioned in light of the similar theoretical ground of Life History, Life Narrative, Psychobiography, and Psychoanalytic Narrative. Miller's contention that there are directly allegorical connections between childhood abuse and adult murderous behaviours is illustrated by her analysis of the life of Jurgen Bartsch. A hermeneutic examination of the biographic records of two other serial murderers (Ted Bundy and John Wayne Gacy) is then undertaken to question the available support for Miller's contentions It is concluded that there is strong support for Miller's assertions regarding the etiology of violence, and that violent adult behaviour, even serial murder, can be allegorical of unresolved childhood trauma. It is suggested that there is a need to extend this area of research through face-to-face engagement with perpetrators of violence. It is recommended that we directly engage serial murderers in personal discourses that will allow further exploration of Miller's notion that serial murderers' behaviours are allegorical echoes of harm that was done to them.

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Barham, Connor C. "Childhood Trauma and Attachment Theory: Estimating a Growth Curve Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Therapeutic Alliance." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8595.

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The therapeutic alliance is a core element of successful treatment in therapy. Recent literature has explored variables that predict the alliance at various time points during therapy, but few studies have explored how the alliance develops over time and the factors that influence its rate of change. The current study addresses these questions by estimating latent growth-curve models to analyze how male and female partners' alliance scores develop over time and how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impact the development of the alliance during the first six sessions of therapy. Results from these analyses show that neither men nor women's ACEs had a significant effect on the rate of change in the alliance. A discussion of the attachment implications of these findings, as well as the limitations of this study and potential directions for future research are then presented.

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Bishop, Kaelyn E., Andrea D. Clements, and Valerie Hoots. "Trauma-Informed Care: Implementation Efforts in Northeast Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/483.

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Trauma has been found to be highly prevalent and associated with many negative health and social outcomes (i.e., heart disease, higher suicide risk, high-risk behaviors) in the general population. Despite these associations, trauma detection is relatively rare in service-providing organizations. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a proposed solution that encourages trauma detection, understanding the symptoms associated with trauma, and treating trauma while actively avoiding re-traumatization to the service user. Although research about TIC efficacy has been fairly limited, there are some promising potential benefits of the practice to the client, provider, and the population as a whole. For this study, we looked at service providers’ reported familiarity with TIC and implementation of TIC in their organization across seven timepoints. We found familiarity increased more than implementation, and we discuss potential reasons that may cause this discrepancy.

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Barrett, Rebecca. "Experiential avoidance : associations with childhood trauma, internalised shame, psychopathology and maladaptive behaviours." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/170253/.

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Research has consistently demonstrated a relationship between negative childhood experiences and the development of psychological difficulties in adulthood. Yet, it is only recently that the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship have been investigated. An increasing number of studies indicate heightened levels of experiential avoidance as potentially accounting for this relationship. The current review presents research, spanning the last five years, that describes associations and mediating relationships between experiential avoidance, psychopathology and maladaptive behaviours. However, whilst recent advances in the measurement of experiential avoidance, and newly emerging research, have broadened psychological understanding of this construct, conceptual and methodological difficulties within this field highlight the need for further research to be undertaken. The empirical paper explores the potential contribution of experiential avoidance, childhood trauma and internalised shame in pathways to becoming and remaining homeless. In a sample of 79 homeless adults, a significant relationship between childhood trauma and experiential avoidance was found which was mediated by internalised shame. These findings indicate that experience of childhood trauma is associated with a greater tendency to avoid unwanted thoughts and feelings, which in turn is associated with greater levels of internalised shame. They further provide support for the role of interacting psychological factors in pathways to homelessness. Clinical implications resulting from this study are discussed, and directions for further research are indicated.

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Metcalf, Haley. "Correlates Between Childhood Trauma and Reproductive Health Behaviors Among Women in Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3548.

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The lasting effects of childhood trauma into adulthood have been well corroborated by research from a variety of sources. Previous research has found a vast number of psychological, behavioral, and health related outcomes that are negatively affected by victimization in childhood. This piece strives to assess the correlates between childhood trauma and adult reproductive behavior and well-being for women living in Appalachia. The NCIPC has found that residents of Appalachia are at higher risks for both experiencing childhood traumas and poor health outcomes (2017). To create long-term positive reproductive health behaviors among Appalachian women, it is essential to examine how experiences with childhood trauma have affected these behaviors and how victims are likely to behave in adulthood in regards to their reproductive health. The results have implications for showcasing the unique difficulties experienced by women who were victims of childhood trauma which can impact the way healthcare providers and organizations can better assist the unique needs of this population.

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Reyes-Arellano, C., Jean Croce Hemphill, Katherine C. Hall, H. Berry-Price, and M. Mokikan. "Stories of Early Childhood Trauma Among Women Who are Homeless and Abused." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7573.

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McGrath, Christine M. "Chronic childhood trauma mean differences in diagnostic certainty for posttraumatic stress disorder /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p088-0164.

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Hislop, Fiona. "Childhood trauma and dissociation as factors affecting adult male sexual offending behaviour." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/childhood-trauma-and-dissociation-as-factors-affecting-adult-male-sexual-offending-behaviour(790a91c9-61d0-4a6e-9504-d86752fc7ff5).html.

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This study examined childhood trauma and dissociation as possible factors affecting adult male sexual offending behaviour. The issue of personality disorder was also explored in relation to dissociation. Two groups of participants were involved in the investigation, a group of convicted rapists (n = 34), and a non-clinical control group (n = 45). Participants completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986), the Special Hospitals Assessment of Personality and Socialisation (Blackburn, 1982) and the Social History Questionnaire (Hillbrand, Foster & Hirt, 1988). The present study found a higher prevalence of childhood abuse reported among the prison group (52.94 per cent) than that cited in previous studies of incarcerated rapists. Correlational investigations revealed the following results: i) as predicted, significantly greater levels of dissociation were reported in the prison population than in the control population. ii) as expected, dissociation was positively correlated with childhood trauma in the prison group. The result for the control group yielded a positive yet not significant correlation. iii) although the relationship between dissociation and personality disorder (as ascertained by the SHAPS) was in a positive direction, it was not statistically significant for the prison group. This relationship was found to be significant for the control group. Possible implications regarding the treatment of sexual offenders in the light of these results are discussed. Recommendations for further psychological research in this area are included. This thesis also contains three small scale research projects completed during placements in Learning Disabilities, Elderly and Child.

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McClain, Madison P. "Supporting Teacher Candidates to Teach in Classrooms with Students Who Experience Trauma." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1616175945861235.

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Pilkington, Bridget T. "The long term effects of childhood sexual abuse : towards a cognitive mediational model." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318861.

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Atkins, Larissa. "Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Aggression: The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Schemas." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1505935670934039.

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46

Myers, Abby Marie. "Multiple Interpersonal Traumas and Specific Constellations of Trauma Symptoms in a Clinical Population of University Females." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/46.

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Female survivors of multiple forms of trauma are increasingly found to be a significant portion of the university population (Briere, Kaltman, & Green 2008). While there is a strong literature base for understanding the effects of individual trauma on psychological functioning (e.g., Briere, 1992; Kaltman, Krumnick, Stockton, Hooper, & Green, 2005), little is known about specific symptom constellations for those who have experienced multiple traumas (Rich, Gingerich, & Roseìn, 1997). Using a clinical population of 500 female university students, this study explored the rates of multiple interpersonal traumatic experiences, the connection between multiple traumas and symptom severity, and the association of specific constellations of multiple types of traumas with specific constellations of trauma symptoms. The Trauma Symptom Inventory-Alternate (Briere, 1995) and self-report measures of demographic data and abuse histories were used to collect data, which was analyzed with frequencies, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, and a Canonical Correlation to explore the interrelationships of abuse and trauma symptoms. Multiple abuse was common, with 81% of participants experiencing two or more types of abuse. Multiple trauma generally predicted more severe trauma-related symptoms than those with no trauma or single traumas. A Canonical Correlation revealed a moderately significant relationship between participants with aggressive types of abuse (e.g., childhood physical, adult physical, and adult sexual abuse) with higher symptoms of intrusive experiences, defensive-avoidance, and dissociation. These findings suggest a differential model of trauma effects, particularly for trauma types characterized by aggression. Implications for future research and clinical practice are addressed.

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47

Hunter, Elaine. "The nature, antecedents and consequences of forgetting in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313716.

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48

Moulton, Stuart J. "Childhood trauma and eating psychopathology : a mediating role for dissociation and emotion dysregulation?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7999.

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Objectives: This thesis aimed to investigate whether a history of childhood trauma was indirectly associated with eating psychopathology through mediation by dissociation and/or emotion dysregulation. Method: Firstly, a systematic review was conducted to appraise the current level of evidence within the literature that supported dissociation as a potential mediator. To this end, studies that assessed the variables of childhood trauma, dissociation and eating psychopathology within a single study were identified and systematically reviewed. Secondly, an empirical cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate a multiple mediation model of the association between childhood trauma and eating psychopathology which included dissociation and emotion dysregulation as potential mediators. 165 undergraduate Psychology students took part in this study. Participants completed measures of childhood trauma, eating psychopathology, dissociation and emotion dysregulation. Experiences of multiple forms of childhood trauma were assessed, including emotional abuse (CEA), physical abuse (CPA), sexual abuse (CSA), emotional neglect (CEN) and physical neglect (CPN). Results: The results of the systematic review were inconclusive regarding the potential role of dissociation as a mediator in the relationships between childhood trauma and eating psychopathology. Findings within the reviewed studies generally offered more support for associations between childhood trauma and dissociation and dissociation and eating psychopathology. Studies reported more inconsistent findings regarding the association between childhood trauma and eating psychopathology. The results from the empirical study indicated that CEA and CEN were both significantly associated with increased eating psychopathology within the whole sample. These relationships were significantly mediated by both dissociation and emotion dysregulation. A separate analysis with female participants only, indicated that CPA and CPN in addition to CEA and CEN were significantly associated with increased eating psychopathology. The associations between CEA, CEN, CPN and eating psychopathology were all significantly mediated by both dissociation and emotion dysregulation. Dissociation and emotion dysregulation did not mediate the association between CPA and eating psychopathology. Conclusions: The studies included within the systematic review offered tentative support for an indirect relationship between childhood trauma and eating psychopathology through dissociation. Firm conclusions were limited, however, due to a number of methodological shortcomings identified within the included studies. The main methodological shortcomings concerned the definition and measurement of childhood trauma and the failure of a number of studies to address theoretical models within their research design. Addressing both of these methodological limitations, the results of the empirical study provided support for the growing consensus that emotional maltreatment may be an important risk factor for the development of eating psychopathology. Further, the results of this study indicate that childhood trauma impacts indirectly on eating psychopathology through an enduring effect on both dissociative and emotion regulation processes.

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49

Baker, Katie, Megan Quinn, Kathleen Collins, Gabrielle Caldara, Heather Owens, Ifeoma Ozodiegwu, Elaine Loudermilk, and Jill Stinson. "Modification of the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire for Cultural Competency: Methods for Understanding Childhood Trauma in Low-Resource Settings." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6792.

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50

Oertel, Ursula. "Childhood trauma and adolescent depression : examination of repressive coping style as a mediator /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19542.pdf.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Childhood trauma'

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