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1
McClure, Margaret M., and Megan Parmenter. "Childhood Trauma, Trait Anxiety, and Anxious Attachment as Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence in College Students." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (August 24, 2017): 6067–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517721894.
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The current study investigates the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood trauma, trait anxiety, depression, and anxious attachment in college students. Ninety-three male and 161 female undergraduate students at Fairfield University, ranging in age from 17 to 23, with a mean age of 18.8 years, participated. Participants completed five self-report inventories: The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). IPV perpetration in college dating relationships was related to childhood emotional and physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and trait anxiety. IPV victimization in college dating relationships was related to childhood emotional and physical abuse, childhood emotional and physical neglect, and an anxious attachment style. IPV perpetration and victimization were also significantly correlated with one another. Subscale analyses suggest that childhood emotional abuse was related to being both the perpetrator and victim of verbal or emotional abuse in dating relationships. Childhood physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were related to both perpetration and victimization of physical IPV. Threatening behavior perpetration in dating relationships was related to childhood emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect; however, being the victim of threatening behavior was only related to childhood emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, not childhood physical abuse. These results support the relationship between childhood trauma and dating violence in college students. They also support a role for anxiety in IPV, although trait anxiety was related to perpetration and an anxious attachment style was correlated with IPV victimization. In addition, they suggest that different experiences of childhood trauma may relate to different aspects of IPV in college dating relationships.
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Dereli İman, Esra. "The relationship between adolescents’ childhood trauma experiences and empathetic tendency, social problem solving." Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2015.013.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether high school students’ childhood trauma experiences differ based on individual differences, and whether childhood trauma experiences of adolescents predict empathic tendency and social problem solving. In this study, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Adolescent KA-Sİ Empathic Tendency Scale, and Social Problem Solving Inventory were used. Adolescents’ physical abuse, emotional abuse-neglect, and sexual abuse sub-dimensions of childhood trauma experience scores significantly differed based on gender. Adolescents’ physical abuse, emotional abuse-neglect sub dimensions of childhood trauma experience scores significantly differed based on father education-level, number of siblings and income- level of family. Adolescents’ emotional abuse-neglect sub dimension of childhood trauma experiences scores significantly differed based on mother education-level. Also physical abuse, emotional abuse-neglect sub dimensions of childhood trauma experiences predicted cognitive empathy whereas emotional abuse-neglect, sexual abuse sub dimensions of childhood trauma experiences predicted emotional empathy. The results also indicate that adolescents’ emotional abuse-neglect sub dimensions of childhood trauma experiences predicted sub dimensions of social problem solving.
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Bonevski, Dimitar, and Antoni Novotni. "Child abuse in panic disorder." Medical review 61, no. 3-4 (2008): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0804169b.
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Introduction Numerous authors associate child abuse with serious long-term consequences to the general and psychological well-being in particular. Clinical research to date reveals strong correlation between childhood abuse and neglect and anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder. Material and Methods This study was conducted in order to assess the level of emotional, physical and sexual childhood abuse as well as the physical and emotional childhood neglect in 40 adult patients suffering from panic disorder, diagnosed in accordance with the 10th International Classification of Disorders diagnostic criteria, compared with the control group of 40 healthy test subjects without a history of psychiatric disorders, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The severity of the clinical manifestation in patients with panic disorder was assessed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. Results and Discussion There were no significant differences between the groups as to the level of sexual abuse and physical neglect, whereas in the group of patients with panic disorder, the level of physical and emotional abuse was significantly higher, with emphasis on emotional neglect. With regards to the correlation between the severity of the clinical manifestation in patients with panic disorder and the severity of suffered abuse and neglect in childhood age, significant correlation was found in the physical and emotional abuse as well as emotional neglect. There was no significant correlation in the aspect of the physical neglect and sexual abuse. Conclusion Our research underlines the importance of childhood physical abuse, and especially emotional abuse and emotional neglect in the occurrence of panic disorder later in life.
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Johnson, William F., Chloe O. Huelsnitz, Elizabeth A. Carlson, Glenn I. Roisman, Michelle M. Englund, Gregory E. Miller, and Jeffry A. Simpson. "Childhood abuse and neglect and physical health at midlife: Prospective, longitudinal evidence." Development and Psychopathology 29, no. 5 (November 22, 2017): 1935–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941700150x.
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AbstractPrevious research suggests that the experience of abuse and neglect in childhood has negative implications for physical health in adulthood. Using data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 115), the present research examined the predictive significance of childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical/cognitive neglect for multilevel assessments of physical health at midlife (age 37–39 years), including biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, self-reports of quality of health, and a number of health problems. Analyses revealed that childhood physical/cognitive neglect, but not physical or sexual abuse, predicted all three health outcomes in middle adulthood, even when controlling for demographic risk factors and adult health maintenance behaviors. We discuss possible explanations for the unique significance of neglect in this study and suggest future research that could clarify previous findings regarding the differential impact of different types of abuse and neglect on adult health.
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Rajkumar, Ravi Philip. "The Impact of Childhood Adversity on the Clinical Features of Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/532082.
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Introduction. Recent research has drawn attention to the link between childhood maltreatment and schizophrenia. Child abuse and neglect may have an impact on symptoms and physical health in these patients. This association has not been studied to date in India.Materials and Methods. Clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (n=62) were assessed for childhood adversity using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The association of specific forms of adversity with symptomatology and associated variables was examined.Results. Emotional abuse was reported by 56.5% patients and physical abuse by 33.9%; scores for childhood neglect were also high. Persecutory delusions were linked to physical abuse, while anxiety was linked to emotional neglect and depression to emotional abuse and childhood neglect. Physical abuse was linked to elevated systolic blood pressure, while emotional abuse and neglect in women were linked to being overweight.Conclusions. Childhood adversity is common in schizophrenia and appears to be associated with a specific symptom profile. Certain components of the metabolic syndrome also appear to be related to childhood adversity. These results are subject to certain limitations as they are derived from remitted patients, and no control group was used for measures of childhood adversity.
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Sansone, Randy A., Michael W. Wiederman, and Jamie S. McLean. "The Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Medically Self-Sabotaging Behaviors among Psychiatric Inpatients." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 38, no. 4 (December 2008): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm.38.4.f.
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Objective: This study was designed to explore the relationship between five forms of childhood trauma and medically self-sabotaging behaviors (i.e., the intentional induction, exaggeration, and/or exacerbation of medical symptoms). Method: Using a cross-sectional sample of convenience, 120 psychiatric inpatients were surveyed about childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuses, the witnessing of violence, and physical neglect, as well as 19 medically self-sabotaging behaviors (i.e., intentional behaviors that represent attempts to sabotage medical care). Results: As expected, in this sample there were high prevalence rates of trauma (62.5% emotional abuse, 58.3% witnessing of violence, 46.7% physical abuse, 37.5% sexual abuse, 28.3% physical neglect). Simple correlations demonstrated statistically significant relationships between sexual abuse and physical neglect and medically self-sabotaging behaviors. Using multiple regression analysis, only physical neglect remained a unique predictor of medically self-sabotaging behaviors. Conclusions: These findings indicate that among psychiatric inpatients there appears to be a relationship between physical neglect in childhood and the generation of medically self-sabotaging behaviors in adulthood. Perhaps physical neglect in childhood contributes to the generation of somatic behaviors in adulthood for the purpose of eliciting caring responses from others.
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Vonderlin, Ruben, Nikolaus Kleindienst, Georg W. Alpers, Martin Bohus, Lisa Lyssenko, and Christian Schmahl. "Dissociation in victims of childhood abuse or neglect: a meta-analytic review." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 15 (April 10, 2018): 2467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718000740.
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AbstractChildhood abuse and neglect are associated with dissociative symptoms in adulthood. However, empirical studies show heterogeneous results depending on the type of childhood abuse or neglect and other maltreatment characteristics. In this meta-analysis, we systematically investigated the relationship between childhood interpersonal maltreatment and dissociation in 65 studies with 7352 abused or neglected individuals using the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). We extracted DES-scores for abused and non-abused populations as well as information about type of abuse/neglect, age of onset, duration of abuse, and relationship to the perpetrator. Random-effects models were used for data synthesis, and meta-regression was used to predict DES-scores in abused populations from maltreatment characteristics. The results revealed higher dissociation in victims of childhood abuse and neglect compared with non-abused or neglected subsamples sharing relevant population features (MAbuse = 23.5, MNeglect = 18.8, MControl = 13.8) with highest scores for sexual and physical abuse. An earlier age of onset, a longer duration of abuse, and parental abuse significantly predicted higher dissociation scores. This meta-analysis underlines the importance of childhood abuse/neglect in the etiology of dissociation. The identified moderators may inform risk assessment and early intervention to prevent the development of dissociative symptoms.
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Watson, Stuart, Roy Chilton, Helen Fairchild, and Peter Whewell. "Association between Childhood Trauma and Dissociation Among Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 5 (May 2006): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01825.x.
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Objective: To examine the relationship between childhood trauma and dissociative experience in adulthood in patients with borderline personality disorder. Method: Dissociative experiences scale scores and subscale scores for the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were correlated in 139 patients. Patients were dichotomized into high or low dissociators using the Median Dissociative Experiences Scale score as the cut-off. Results: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Subscale scores for emotional and physical abuse and emotional neglect but not sexual abuse correlated significantly with Dissociative Experiences Scale scores. High dissociators reported significantly greater levels of emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect but not sexual abuse than low dissociators. Conclusion: Patients with borderline personality disorder therefore demonstrated levels of dissociation that increased with levels of childhood trauma, supporting the hypothesis that traumatic childhood experiences engender dissociative symptoms later in life. Emotional abuse and neglect may be at least as important as physical and sexual abuse in the development of dissociative symptoms.
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Sansone, Randy A., Hassan Dakroub, Michele Pole, and Melissa Butler. "Childhood Trauma and Employment Disability." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 35, no. 4 (December 2005): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3xur-1pwj-0dt3-bjfj.
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Introduction: While the relationship between childhood trauma and employment disability has undergone very limited study, existing data suggest a possible correlation. Method: In this study of 91 outpatients in an internal medicine setting, we surveyed participants and inquired about their childhood histories of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, of physical neglect, and of witnessing violence. We also asked whether participants had ever been on employment disability, either psychiatric or non-psychiatric, and the length of that disability. Results: Being or having been on disability was significantly related to childhood histories of emotional abuse, physical neglect, and witnessing violence. Being or having been on psychiatric disability was significantly related to childhood emotional abuse and physical neglect while being on non-psychiatric medical disability was significantly related to witnessing violence. The percent of one's lifetime on disability was significantly related to physical and emotional abuse as well as witnessing violence. Conclusions: Maltreatment in childhood appears to have a relationship to employment disability in adulthood. The authors discuss the implications of these findings.
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Puetz, Vanessa Bianca, Essi Viding, Mattia Indi Gerin, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Arjun Sethi, Annchen R. Knodt, Spenser R. Radtke, Bart D. Brigidi, Ahmad R. Hariri, and Eamon McCrory. "Investigating patterns of neural response associated with childhood abuse v. childhood neglect." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 8 (June 13, 2019): 1398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171900134x.
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AbstractBackgroundChildhood maltreatment is robustly associated with increased risk of poor mental health outcome and changes in brain function. The authors investigated whether childhood experience of abuse (e.g. physical, emotional and sexual abuse) and neglect (physical and emotional deprivation) was differentially associated with neural reactivity to threat.MethodsParticipants were drawn from an existing study and allocated to one of four groups based on self-report of childhood maltreatment experience: individuals with childhood abuse experiences (n = 70); individuals with childhood neglect experiences (n = 87); individuals with combined experience of childhood abuse and neglect (n = 50); and non-maltreated individuals (n = 207) propensity score matched (PSM) on gender, age, IQ, psychopathology and SES. Neural reactivity to facial cues signalling threat was compared across groups, allowing the differential effects associated with particular forms of maltreatment experience to be isolated.ResultsBrain imaging analyses indicated that while childhood abuse was associated with heightened localised threat reactivity in ventral amygdala, experiences of neglect were associated with heightened reactivity in a distributed cortical fronto-parietal network supporting complex social and cognitive processing as well as in the dorsal amygdala. Unexpectedly, combined experiences of abuse and neglect were associated with hypo-activation in several higher-order cortical regions as well as the amygdala.ConclusionsDifferent forms of childhood maltreatment exert differential effects in neural threat reactivity: while the effects of abuse are more focal, the effects of neglect and combined experiences of abuse are more distributed. These findings are relevant for understanding the range of psychiatric outcomes following childhood maltreatment and have implications for intervention.
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Webermann, Aliya R., and Christopher M. Murphy. "Childhood Trauma and Dissociative Intimate Partner Violence." Violence Against Women 25, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801218766628.
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The present study assesses childhood abuse/neglect as a predictor of dissociative intimate partner violence (IPV) among 118 partner-abusive men. One third (36%) endorsed dissociative IPV, most commonly losing control (18%), surroundings seeming unreal (16%), feeling someone other than oneself is aggressing (16%), and seeing oneself from a distance aggressing (10%). Childhood physical abuse/neglect predicted IPV-specific derealization/depersonalization, aggressive self-states, and flashbacks to past violence. Childhood emotional abuse/neglect predicted derealization/depersonalization, blackouts, and flashbacks. Childhood sexual abuse uniquely predicted amnesia. Other potential traumas did not predict dissociative IPV, suggesting dissociative IPV is influenced by trauma-based emotion dysregulation wherein childhood abuse/neglect survivors disconnect from their abusive behavior.
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Rivera, Beverly, and Cathy Spatz Widom. "Childhood Victimization and Violent Offending." Violence and Victims 5, no. 1 (January 1990): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.1.19.
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The relationship between childhood victimization and violent offending is examined using a prospective cohorts design. Official criminal histories for a large sample of substantiated and validated cases of physical and sexual abuse and neglect (N = 908) from the years 1967 through 1971 were compared to those of a matched control group (N = 667) of individuals with no official record of abuse or neglect. Sex-specific and race-specific effects of childhood victimization and other characteristics of violent offending (chronicity, age of onset, temporal patterns, and continuity) are assessed. Childhood victimization increased overall risk for violent offending and particularly increased risk for males and blacks. In comparison to controls, abused and neglected children began delinquent careers earlier. Temporal patterns of violent offending were examined and childhood victims did not differ in age of arrest for first violent offense, nor were they more likely to continue offending. The findings and their limitations are discussed, as well as directions for future research.
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Wang, Geng-Fu, Liu Jiang, Lu-Han Wang, Guo-Yun Hu, Yu Fang, Shan-Shan Yuan, Xiu-Xiu Wang, and Pu-Yu Su. "Examining Childhood Maltreatment and School Bullying Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study From Anhui Province in China." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 5 (May 3, 2016): 980–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516647000.
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Although a body of research has established the relationship between childhood maltreatment and bullying in Western culture backgrounds, few studies have examined the association between childhood maltreatment experiences and bullying in China. Moreover, to date, the relationship between multiple types of childhood maltreatment and cyber bullying is poorly understood. This study examined the association between multiple types of childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) and multiple forms of school bullying (physical, verbal, relational, and cyber). A cross-sectional study using three-stage random cluster-sampling approach was conducted in Tongling, Chuzhou, and Fuyang, in Anhui Province. Self-reported questionnaires were completed by 5,726 middle school students to assess their school bullying involvement and childhood maltreatment experiences. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between each single type of childhood maltreatment and each single form of school bullying. Each type of childhood maltreatment was associated with increased risk for involvement in each form of bullying as bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Specifically, both childhood physical neglect and emotional neglect were associated with increased risk for involvement in each form of school bullying. Each type of childhood maltreatment was associated with involvement in cyber bullying. Students who experienced multiple types of childhood maltreatment seem to report more forms of school bullying. Furthermore, multiple forms of school bullying caused the co-occurrence of several forms of school bullying. Our results indicated a significant association between school bullying and childhood maltreatment among adolescents. Interventions to reduce school bullying encompassing prevention toward childhood maltreatment might get better results in China.
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Baglivio, Michael T., Kevin T. Wolff, Nathan Epps, and Randy Nelson. "Predicting Adverse Childhood Experiences." Crime & Delinquency 63, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 166–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128715570628.
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Few studies have examined multilevel effects of neighborhood context on childhood maltreatment. Less work has analyzed these effects with juvenile offenders, and no prior work has examined context effects of childhood maltreatment through the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) framework. ACEs include 10 indictors: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, domestic violence toward the youth’s mother, household substance abuse, household mental illness, parental separation/divorce, and household member with a history of jail/imprisonment. Effects of concentrated disadvantage and affluence on ACE scores are examined in a statewide sample of more than 59,000 juvenile offenders, controlling for salient individual (including family and parenting) measures and demographics. Both disadvantage and affluence affect ACE exposure. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
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Koçtürk, Nilüfer, Selen Demirtas-Zorbaz, and Bilge Tarım, M S. "The Mediating Role of Resilience and Social Support on the Relationship Between Childhood Neglect and Adult Well-Being." Violence and Victims 36, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-19-00006.
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Childhood neglect has a lifelong negative impact on the individual's physical health and well-being and is a risk for psychopathology. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child neglect, resilience, social support, and well-being. Data were collected from 450 women. A structural equation model was designed and tested to determine the correlations between the variables affecting well-being. The results revealed that the more women were neglected during childhood, the lower they perceived social support and the lower their resilience and well-being. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between resilience and well-being, whereas there was no significant relationship between social support and well-being. The findings show that neglect directly affects well-being in adulthood in the negative direction.
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GOODWIN, RENEE D., and MURRAY B. STEIN. "Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States." Psychological Medicine 34, no. 3 (April 2004): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170300134x.
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Background. The goal of this investigation was to determine the association between self-reported childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States.Method. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (N=S877). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and childhood neglect and the likelihood of specific physical disorders among adults.Results. Childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect were associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of a wide range of physical illnesses during adulthood. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifetime anxiety and depressive disorders, alcohol and substance dependence, and all types of trauma: results showed that childhood physical abuse was associated with increased risk of lung disease (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)), peptic ulcer (OR=1·5 (1·03, 2·2)) and arthritic disorders (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)); childhood sexual abuse was associated with increased risk of cardiac disease (OR=3·7 (1·5, 9·4)); and childhood neglect was associated with increased risk of diabetes (OR=2·2 (1·1, 4·4)) and autoimmune disorders (OR=4·4 (1·7, 11·6)).Conclusions. Consistent with previous work, these results suggest that self-reported childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of a range of physical illnesses during adulthood. Future research that includes replication of these findings using prospectively assessed physical and mental disorders with objectively measured biological data using a longitudinal design, including other known risk factors for these diseases and more detailed information on specific forms of abuse, is needed to understand the potential mechanisms of these links.
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Bierer, Linda M., Rachel Yehuda, James Schmeidler, Vivian Mitropoulou, Antonia S. New, Jeremy M. Silverman, and Larry J. Siever. "Abuse and Neglect in Childhood: Relationship to Personality Disorder Diagnoses." CNS Spectrums 8, no. 10 (October 2003): 737–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900019118.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Childhood history of abuse and neglect has been associated with personality disorders and has been observed in subjects with lifetime histories of suicidality and self-injury. Most of these findings have been generated from inpatient clinical samples.Methods:This study evaluated self-rated indices of sustained childhood abuse and neglect in an outpatient sample of well-characterized personality disorder subjects (n=182) to determine the relative associations of childhood trauma indices to specific personality disorder diagnoses or clusters and to lifetime history of suicide attempts or gestures. Subjects met criteria for ~2.5 Axis II diagnoses and 24% reported past suicide attempts. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was administered to assess five dimensions of childhood trauma exposure (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect). Logistic regression was employed to evaluate salient predictors among the trauma measures for each cluster, personality disorder, and history of attempted suicide and self-harm. All analyses controlled for gender distribution.Results:Seventy-eight percent of subjects met dichotomous criteria for some form of childhood trauma; a majority reported emotional abuse and neglect. The dichotomized criterion for global trauma severity was predictive of cluster B, borderline, and antisocial personality disorder diagnoses. Trauma scores were positively associated with cluster A, negatively with cluster C, but were not significantly associated with cluster B diagnoses. Among the specific diagnoses comprising cluster A, paranoid disorder alone was predicted by sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. Within cluster B, only antisocial personality disorder showed significant associations with trauma scores, with specific prediction by sexual and physical abuse. For borderline personality disorder, there were gender interactions for individual predictors, with emotional abuse being the only significant trauma predictor, and only in men. History of suicide gestures was associated with emotional abuse in the entire sample and in women only; self-mutilatory behavior was associated with emotional abuse in men.Conclusion:These results suggest that childhood emotional abuse and neglect are broadly represented among personality disorders, and associated with indices of clinical severity among patients with borderline personality disorder. Childhood sexual and physical abuse are highlighted as predictors of both paranoid and antisocial personality disorders. These results help qualify prior observations of the association of childhood sexual abuse with borderline personality disorder.
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Afifi, Tracie O., Christine A. Henriksen, Gordon J. G. Asmundson, and Jitender Sareen. "Childhood Maltreatment and Substance Use Disorders among Men and Women in a Nationally Representative Sample." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 57, no. 11 (November 2012): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674371205701105.
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Objective: To examine the association between a history of 5 types of childhood maltreatment (that is, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) and several substance use disorders (SUDs), including alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, heroin, and nicotine, in a nationally representative US adult sex-stratified sample. Method: Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative US sample of adults aged 20 years and older (n = 34 653). Logistic regression models were conducted to understand the relations between 5 types of childhood maltreatment and SUDs separately among men and women after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Axis I and II mental disorders. Results: All 5 types of childhood maltreatment were associated with increased odds of all individual SUDs among men and women after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, with the exception of physical neglect and heroin abuse or dependence, emotional neglect, and amphetamines and cocaine abuse or dependence among men (adjusted odds ratio range 1.3 to 4.7). After further adjustment for other DSM Axis I and II mental disorders, the relations between childhood maltreatment and SUDs were attenuated, but many remained statistically significant. Differences in the patterns of findings were noted for men and women for sexual abuse and emotional neglect. Conclusions: This research provides evidence of the robust nature of the relations between many types of childhood maltreatment and many individual SUDs. The prevention of childhood maltreatment may help to reduce SUDs in the general population.
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Rosen, Leora N., and Lee Martin. "Childhood Maltreatment History as a Risk Factor for Sexual Harassment Among U.S. Army Soldiers." Violence and Victims 13, no. 3 (January 1998): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.13.3.269.
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Four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined as predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and acknowledged sexual harassment among male and female active duty soldiers in the United States Army. Predictor variables included childhood sexual abuse, physical-emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Three types of unwanted sexual experiences in the workplace were examined as outcome variables: gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and coercion. Both sexual and physical-emotional abuse during childhood were found to be predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and of acknowledged sexual harassment in the workplace. Among female soldiers, the most severe type of unwanted experience—coercion—was predicted only by childhood physical-emotional abuse. Among male soldiers childhood sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of coercion. A greater variety of types of childhood maltreatment predicted sexual harassment outcomes for male soldiers. Childhood maltreatment and adult sexual harassment were predictors of psychological well-being for soldiers of both genders.
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Mullen, Stephen, Roisin Begley, Zoe Roberts, and Alison Mary Kemp. "Fifteen-minute consultation: Childhood burns: inflicted, neglect or accidental." Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition 104, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315167.
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Burns are a relatively common injury in children accounting for over 50 000 emergency department attendances each year. An estimated 1 in 10 of these are due to maltreatment. These may present in the form of physical abuse or neglect with a reported ratio of 1:9. A burn associated with maltreatment may be a marker for future abuse or neglect and it is paramount that concerns are identified and addressed at the initial visit. Paediatricians need to be confident to identify safeguarding concerns specific to childhood burns and investigate accordingly. In this review, key variables that may aid in differentiating maltreatment from accidental burns are discussed in a case-based format, utilising up-to-date evidence to support the recommendations. Despite a proportion of burns resulting from physical abuse, the rate of child protection investigations in these patients are significantly lower than for children who present with other forms of physical injuries despite a similar proportion of positive findings. Our objective is to review the available evidence to support the safe assessment and management of children presenting with scalds or contact burns.
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Bender, Marnette, Sarah Cook, and Nadine Kaslow. "Social Support as a Mediator of Revictimization of Low-Income African American Women." Violence and Victims 18, no. 4 (August 2003): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.4.419.
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Mediating effects of social support on the link between childhood maltreatment and adult intimate partner violence (IPV) were explored in a sample of 362 low-income, African American women. We examined relations between childhood maltreatment experiences (total maltreatment, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect) and adult maltreatment (physical IPV and nonphysical IPV). Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed small, but significant, effects. Further, social support mediated revictimization. Social support fully mediated relations in which the form of childhood maltreatment was different than the form of adult IPV (e.g., the relation between childhood sexual abuse and adult nonphysical IPV), but only partially mediated the relations in which the form of childhood maltreatment was similar to adult IPV (e.g., the relation between childhood emotional abuse and adult nonphysical IPV). Implications for clinical interventions for women with intimate partner violence experiences are discussed.
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Scott, Katie. "Adverse childhood experiences." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 14, no. 1 (October 22, 2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738020964498.
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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are events during childhood that are stressful and may impact upon mental and physical health having effects in childhood and future adulthood. Examples of ACEs include abuse (physical, emotional, sexual); neglect; living in a household with domestic violence, substance or alcohol misuse, or criminal behaviour; or living with a caregiver with mental illness. A history of ACEs is not routinely sought in UK healthcare. As a result opportunities to prevent and modify the negative effects of adverse childhood events are missed.
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Rokita, Karolina I., Laurena Holleran, Maria R. Dauvermann, David Mothersill, Jessica Holland, Laura Costello, Ruán Kane, et al. "Childhood trauma, brain structure and emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa160.
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Abstract Childhood trauma, and in particular physical neglect, has been repeatedly associated with lower performance on measures of social cognition (e.g. emotion recognition tasks) in both psychiatric and non-clinical populations. The neural mechanisms underpinning this association have remained unclear. Here, we investigated whether volumetric changes in three stress-sensitive regions—the amygdala, hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)—mediate the association between childhood trauma and emotion recognition in a healthy participant sample (N = 112) and a clinical sample of patients with schizophrenia (N = 46). Direct effects of childhood trauma, specifically physical neglect, on Emotion Recognition Task were observed in the whole sample. In healthy participants, reduced total and left ACC volumes were observed to fully mediate the association between both physical neglect and total childhood trauma score, and emotion recognition. No mediating effects of the hippocampus and amygdala volumes were observed for either group. These results suggest that reduced ACC volume may represent part of the mechanism by which early life adversity results in poorer social cognitive function. Confirmation of the causal basis of this association would highlight the importance of resilience-building interventions to mitigate the detrimental effects of childhood trauma on brain structure and function.
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Heitkemper, Margaret M., Kevin C. Cain, Robert L. Burr, Sang-Eun Jun, and Monica E. Jarrett. "Is Childhood Abuse or Neglect Associated With Symptom Reports and Physiological Measures in Women With Irritable Bowel Syndrome?" Biological Research For Nursing 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2010): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800410393274.
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Purpose. Early childhood traumatic experiences (e.g., abuse or neglect) may contribute to sleep disturbances as well as to other indicators of arousal in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study compared women with IBS positive for a history of childhood abuse and/or neglect to women with IBS without this history on daily gastrointestinal (GI), sleep, somatic, and psychological symptom distress, polysomnographic sleep, urine catecholamines (CAs) and cortisol, and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV). Methods. Adult women with IBS recruited from the community were divided into two groups: 21 with abuse/neglect and 19 without abuse/neglect based on responses to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ; physical, emotional, sexual abuse, or neglect). Women were interviewed, maintained a 30-day symptom diary, and slept in a sleep laboratory. Polysomnographic and nocturnal HRV data were obtained. First-voided urine samples were assayed for cortisol and CA levels. Results. Women with IBS positive for abuse/neglect history were older than women without this history. Among GI symptoms, only heartburn and nausea were significantly higher in women with abuse/neglect. Sleep, somatic, and psychological symptoms were significantly higher in women in the abuse/neglect group. With the exception of percentage of time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, there were few differences in sleep-stage variables and urine hormone levels. Mean heart rate interval and the natural log of the standard deviation of RR intervals for the entire sleep interval (Ln SDNN) values were lower in those who experienced childhood abuse/neglect. Conclusion. Women with IBS who self-report childhood abuse/neglect are more likely to report disturbed sleep, somatic symptoms, and psychological distress. Women with IBS should be screened for adverse childhood events including abuse/neglect.
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Sahoo, Shalini, and Paul Sacco. "ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND ALCOHOL-IMPAIRED DRIVING IN LATER LIFE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2549.
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Abstract Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with a range of negative behavioral health outcomes in adulthood. Those with ACEs may use alcohol as a component of long-term coping, increasing risk of alcohol-impaired driving. Associations between ACEs and alcohol-impaired driving are relatively understudied. Using the 2012/2013 data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), logistic regression models examined the relationship between five types of ACEs (e.g. child abuse and neglect) and lifetime alcohol-impaired driving among a representative sample of American adults aged between 18 to 90 years (N = 36,309). ACEs were positively associated with lifetime alcohol-impaired driving for adults under age 50 (witnessed intimate partner violence (OR = 1.624, p < 0.001), physical abuse (OR = 1.723, p < 0.001), sexual abuse (OR = 1.651, p < 0.001), physical neglect (OR = 1.571, p < 0.001), and emotional neglect, (P > 0.05). We found similar positive associations between ACEs and impaired driving among adults aged 50 and over (witnessed intimate partner violence (OR = 1.398, p < 0.05), physical abuse (OR = 1.751, p < 0.001), sexual abuse (OR = 1.690, p < 0.001), physical neglect (OR = 1.455, p < 0.001), and emotional neglect, p > 0.05). Among adults under age 50, ACEs were associated with past-year alcohol-impaired driving, but this relationship was not seen in adults aged 50 and over. Findings suggest that the effect of ACEs on alcohol-impaired driving is in younger adulthood when alcohol use and driving occur most.
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Stigger, Rafaelle Stark, Clarissa de Souza Ribeiro Martins, Mariana Bonati de Matos, Jéssica Puchalski Trettim, Gabriela Kurz da Cunha, Carolina Coelho Scholl, Mariana Pereira Ramos, et al. "Is maternal exposure to childhood trauma associated with maternal-fetal attachment?" Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 14, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v14i2.3983.
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Adults with childhood maltreatment history can face a difficult experience in transitioning to parenthood. Women with a history of emotional neglect in childhood tend to experience problematic attachment. The study's aim was to evaluate the relationship between childhood trauma and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women in a population-based study in Southern Brazil. This is a longitudinal study with pregnant women who were interviewed in two moments: before 24-weeks of pregnancy and 60 days after the first interview. We used the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale. The mean of maternal-fetal attachment in the general sample was 99.8 (± 10.8). The mean of emotional neglect was 8.9 (± 4.7); physical neglect 6.7 (± 2.8); sexual abuse 5.9 (± 3.0); physical abuse 6.8 (± 3.1) and emotional abuse 8.0 (± 4.1). After adjusted analysis, we found that pregnant women who suffered emotional neglect had 0.4 points less on the average on the maternal-fetal attachment, β = -0.4, CI 95% [-0.6, -0.2], and pregnant women who suffered emotional abuse had 0.2 points less on the average on the maternal-fetal attachment, β = -0.2, CI 95% [-0.5, -0.0]. Only emotional neglect and emotional abuse were associated with maternal-fetal attachment. This study showed that a history of childhood trauma can have a negative impact during the prenatal period, and can impair maternal-fetal attachment. The data found can assist health professionals in identifying factors that can protect and contribute to pregnant women who were victims of childhood trauma to face the transition to parenthood in the best possible way.
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Odacı, Hatice, and Çiğdem Berber Çelik. "The Role of Traumatic Childhood Experiences in Predicting a Disposition to Risk-Taking and Aggression in Turkish University Students." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 9-10 (April 3, 2017): 1998–2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517696862.
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The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not traumatic childhood experiences in childhood predict a disposition to risk-taking and aggression among university students. The participants consisted of 851 students: 477 (56.1%) females and 374 (43.9%) males attending various faculties at the Karadeniz Technical University in Turkey. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Adolescent Risk-Taking Scale, Aggression Questionnaire, and Personal Information Form were used for data collection. The analysis results revealed a positive correlation between traumatic experiences (physical, sexual, emotional maltreatment, and emotional neglect) and risk-taking and aggression. Physical and sexual abuse and gender are significant predictors of risk-taking. Physical abuse and gender are some of the predictors of aggression. Another finding from the study is that physical and emotional abuse and emotional neglect vary by gender. This study concludes that exposure to traumatic experiences in childhood prepares the foundation for negative behaviors in adulthood.
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Petrikova, Martina, Natalia Kascakova, Jana Furstova, Jozef Hasto, and Peter Tavel. "Validation and Adaptation of the Slovak Version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052440.
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Background: Previous research has shown a strong relationship between childhood trauma and worsened physical and mental health. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is a commonly used tool assessing early traumatic experiences. The aim of this study was to verify the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the CTQ. Methods: Data were collected on a representative Slovak sample (N = 1018, mean age 46.24 years, 48.7% of men). The dimensional structure of the CTQ was tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); convergent validity was assessed using the Adverse Childhood Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Results: CFA confirmed the standard 5-factor CTQ model. The subscales of the CTQ and the ACE-IQ questionnaires showed moderate to high correlations. The internal consistency of the scale was found to be acceptable. Emotional neglect (EN) was reported in 48.1%, physical neglect (PN) in 35.8%, emotional abuse in 15.8%, physical abuse (PA) in 11.0%, and sexual abuse (SA) in 9.1% of the Slovak population, according to the scoring, when even low abuse or neglect is assessed as trauma. Conclusion: The CTQ questionnaire fulfilled the validation criteria and appeared to be a suitable method for assessing retrospectively reported childhood trauma experiences in the Slovak population.
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Lamela, Diogo, and Bárbara Figueiredo. "Childhood physical maltreatment with physical injuries is associated with higher adult psychopathology symptoms." European Psychiatry 53 (May 29, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.04.008.
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AbstractBackground:Previous research has neglected the distinction between childhood physical maltreatment (CPM) behaviors and the physical sequelae resulting from CPM. Prior empirical work has combined CPM behaviors (e.g., beat, hit with a belt) and CPM physical sequelae (e.g., bruises, fractures) into a single conceptual category to predict adverse psychological consequences in adults. This is preventing the examination whether specific subgroups of CPM exposure may report a higher risk of psychopathology symptoms in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine whether distinct experiences of CPM histories (no physical maltreatment, physical maltreatment only, and physical maltreatment with physical sequelae) would be differentially associated with specific psychopathology dimensions in adulthood. symptomsMethod:Data were drawn from the Portuguese National Representative Study of Psychosocial Context of Child Abuse and Neglect (N = 941). Participants completed the Childhood History Questionnaire and the Brief Symptom Inventory.Results:Three groups were created based on participants' experience of CPM assessed by the Childhood History Questionnaire. Participants who reported that suffered physical sequelae of the CPM exhibited significantly higher symptoms in all psychopathology dimensions than participants with no history of CPM and participants that were exposed to physical maltreatment without sequelae.Conclusions:These findings suggest that clinicians should discriminate CPM behavior from CPM physical sequelae in order to increase effectiveness of mental health treatment with adults with history of CPM. Our findings are discussed in light of the evolutionary-developmental frameworks of adaptative development and cumulative risk hypothesis.
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Mrizak, J., R. Trabelsi, A. Arous, A. Aissa, H. Ben Ammar, and Z. El Hechmi. "Correlation between childhood trauma and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2161.
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IntroductionAbusive childhood experiences are claimed to be more prevalent in people with schizophrenia (SCZ) than in the general population. The exposure to childhood trauma can have adverse effects on cognitive function.ObjectivesTo investigate whether there is a relationship between childhood trauma (CT) and cognitive functioning in patients with SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ were recruited. The participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire retrospectively assessing five types of childhood trauma (emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect). They also completed a neurocognitive battery comprising the following tests: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Stroop Test (ST), the “Double Barrage” of Zazzo (DBZ), the Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST), the Verbal Fluency (VF), the Trail Making Test-Part A (TMT-A) and the Digit Span (DS).ResultsThe patients with a history of physical abuse (P = 0.03) or emotional neglect (P = 0.07) performed worse at the delayed recall of the HVLT-R. A history of emotional neglect was also correlated to a significantly worse performance in theTMT-A (P < 0.0001), while physical abuse was correlated to worse DS (P = 0.015). High emotional abuse scores were significantly correlated to poorer efficiency in DBZ (P = 0.025).ConclusionsThe results need replication, but underline the necessity of investigating biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying these subjects’ cognitive impairment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Power, Chris, Leah Li, and Snehal M. Pinto Pereira. "Child maltreatment (neglect and abuse) in the 1958 birth cohort: an overview of associations with developmental trajectories and long-term outcomes." Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 431–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175795920x15891281805890.
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Childhood maltreatment types (neglect and psychological, physical or sexual abuse) are associated with many poor outcomes in adulthood. Yet, research mainly focuses on the cumulative adversity burden rather than specificities and commonalities of associations with adult outcomes and intervening pathways. This overview therefore summarises evidence from several research studies using the 1958 British Birth Cohort on specific maltreatment types, child development trajectories, adult intermediaries and outcomes. About one in five participants were identified as neglected or abused in childhood. Neglect was associated with key dimensions of development: slower height growth, delayed maturation, faster BMI gain, and poorer emotional and cognitive development. Associated adulthood outcomes included harmful behaviours (notably smoking), poorer physical health (shorter height, excess BMI, poorer blood lipids and glucose, poor-rated health and physical functioning), worse mental health, lower socio-economic circumstances (e.g. poorer living conditions) and elevated mortality in mid-adulthood. Childhood abuse associations were less widespread and were often only for specific types: most were unrelated to childhood height and cognitive abilities, but all were associated with poorer child emotional development, adult mental health, smoking, blood lipids and self-rated health. Additionally, physical abuse was associated with faster BMI gain, higher adult BMI, blood glucose, inflammation and mortality in mid-adulthood; sexual abuse with faster BMI gain, higher adult BMI, poor physical functioning at 50y and higher mortality in mid-adulthood. Adult health measures associated with child maltreatment are key predictors of serious disease, disability and death. Therefore, child maltreatment associations with these measures represent an important burden for individuals and society.
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Tendolkar, Indira, Johan Mårtensson, Simone Kühn, Floris Klumpers, and Guillén Fernández. "Physical neglect during childhood alters white matter connectivity in healthy young males." Human Brain Mapping 39, no. 3 (December 17, 2017): 1283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23916.
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Bartlett, Jessica Dym, and M. Ann Easterbrooks. "Links between physical abuse in childhood and child neglect among adolescent mothers." Children and Youth Services Review 34, no. 11 (November 2012): 2164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.07.011.
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Li, Xianbin, Tony Xing Tan, Qijing Bo, Zhen Mao, Feng Li, Fan He, Fang Dong, Xin Ma, and Chuanyue Wang. "Clinical Course and Clinical Features in MDD Patients: General and Specific Role of Subtypes of Childhood Trauma." Counseling Psychologist 49, no. 5 (March 29, 2021): 650–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000021995936.
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Our study focused on childhood emotional neglect and several forms of abuse (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional) and the diagnosis and clinical courses of disease in Chinese adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), including MDD with anxiety, with suicidality, and with other presentations. MDD and other clinical presentations were determined with the American Psychiatric Association’s (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) and subtypes of trauma were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (95 patients and 94 comparisons). Patients with MDD and suicidality scored higher on childhood emotional abuse and neglect than other MDD patients. Both emotional abuse and physical abuse correlated with a younger age of onset and more relapses of MDD. General linear modeling also showed that controlling for demographic variables, emotional and physical abuse predicted more MDD relapses. Overall, childhood trauma was correlated with a MDD diagnosis, the role of specific types of trauma in the clinical courses of MDD varied.
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Di Giacomo, E., F. Pescatore, F. Colmegna, F. Di Carlo, and M. Clerici. "Abuse During Childhood and Burnout." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2009.
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BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is the most important risk factor for the onset of psychiatric disorders. Revictimization is really frequent as well as substance or alcohol abuse, often linked to self-treatment. Accordingly, our pilot study aims to analyze possible implication of childhood maltreatment on resilience and burnout.MethodsPatients admitted to outpatients psychiatric department in a six month period (1st January 2015–30th June 2015) complaining low to moderate anxiety or depression have been administered childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and Maslach burnout inventory.ResultsCTQ results in 71 (87%) Emotional Neglect (EN), 2 (2.4%) Sexual Abuse (SA) and 2 (2.4%) Physical Abuse (PA). Twenty-one showed high emotional exhaustion, 21 high depersonalization, 9 moderate personal accomplishment while 1 showed low personal accomplishment. None of the patients who suffered child sexual abuse shows depersonalization or personal accomplishment difficulties linked to burnout. Patients negative to CTQ show respectively moderate emotional exhaustion (M = 20 ± 20.15), moderate depersonalization (11 ± 9.42) and high personal accomplishment (17 ± 12.38). Patients who suffered emotional neglect show the poorest profile at Maslach, particularly regarding emotional exhaustion. ANOVA reaches statistical significance among the 3 groups of detected abuse (EN, SA, PA) in personal accomplishment (P = 0.013) confirmed at POST HOC between EN and SA (P = 0.0004).ConclusionThe results obtained in this pilot study highlight two important considerations. First, it seems urgent to stress the huge prevalence of emotional neglect among those referred to psychiatric outpatient department due to moderate anxiety or depression complain. Moreover, emotional neglect appears to be the most compromised factor of burnout, especially if compared to sexual abuse.
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Gokalp, P. G., S. Erdiman, F. Akyüz, S. Oflaz-Batmaz, and C. Karsidag. "Demographic and Clinical Features and Suicidality in Conversion Disorder Patients in Turkey." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71154-x.
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Aims:The incidence of DSM-IV conversion disorder in outpatients is 4.5-32 %, with childhood trauma being an important etiological factor. This study aims at investigating the symptom pattern, comorbidity, suicidal behavior in this patient group.Method:Outpatients who were diagnosed as DSM-IV Conversion Disorder were included in the study except those with a neurological disorder, mental retardation, alcohol and subtance abuse/ dependency, bipolar, schizophrenic and other psychotic disorders and tardive dyskinesia. The assessment instruments are Demographic and Clinical Questionnaire developed by the authors, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ( CTQ-28), ve Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales (HARS-HDRS).Results:25 female outpatients’ mean age 34.48 (SD ± 10,21). 76% were married, 24% had no formel education. 48% (n=12) were physically, 28% (n=7) were sexually abused. 36% (n=9) of the patients had attempted suicede at least once. There was no significant link between childhood trauma and suicide attempt. There was a significant relationship between pseudoepilepsy symptom and suicidal tendency ( p: 0,021). Mean HDRS score was 7,88 (SD: 4,43), mean HARS score 13,56 (SD: 7,42). There was a significant relationship between HARS scores and suicide attempt (p:0,037). CTQ-28 subgoup mean scores were: emotional neglect 2,86 (SD:1,32), physical neglect 2,04 (SD:0,52), emotional abuse 2,25 (SD:1,26), physical abuse 1,98 (SD:1,56), overall 10, 98 (SD:4,15).Conclusion:Conversion disorder patients are a neglected group in health care system. Past traumatic experiences, comorbidity rate and suicidality have to be addressed in assessment and treatment for a better prognosis.
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Akyuz, Gamze, Vedat Sar, Nesim Kugu, and Orhan Doğan. "Reported childhood trauma, attempted suicide and self-mutilative behavior among women in the general population." European Psychiatry 20, no. 3 (May 2005): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.01.002.
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AbstractThis study attempted to determine the prevalence of childhood trauma among women in the general population as assessed in a representative sample from a city in central Turkey. The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) was administered to 628 women in 500 homes. They were also asked for childhood abuse and/or neglect. DES was administered to 251 probands. Mean age of the probands was 34.8 ± 11.5 years (range 18–65). Sixteen women (2.5%) reported sexual abuse, 56 women (8.9%) physical abuse, and 56 women (8.9%) emotional abuse in childhood. The most frequently reported childhood trauma was neglect (n = 213, 33.9%). The prevalence of suicide attempts was 4.5% (n = 28). Fourteen probands (2.2%) reported self-mutilative behavior.
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Fenton, M. C., T. Geier, K. Keyes, A. E. Skodol, B. F. Grant, and D. S. Hasin. "Combined role of childhood maltreatment, family history, and gender in the risk for alcohol dependence." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 5 (August 10, 2012): 1045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712001729.
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BackgroundStudies of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and alcohol dependence have not controlled comprehensively for potential confounding by co-occurring maltreatments and other childhood trauma, or determined whether parental history of alcohol disorders operates synergistically with gender and maltreatment to produce alcohol dependence. We addressed these issues using national data.MethodFace-to-face surveys of 27 712 adult participants in a national survey.ResultsChildhood physical, emotional and sexual abuse, and physical neglect were associated with alcohol dependence (p<0.001), controlling for demographics, co-occurring maltreatments and other childhood trauma. Attributable proportions (APs) due to interaction between each maltreatment and parental history revealed significant synergistic relationships for physical abuse in the entire sample, and for sexual abuse and emotional neglect in women (APs, 0.21, 0.31, 0.26 respectively), indicating that the odds of alcohol dependence given both parental history and these maltreatments were significantly higher than the additive effect of each alone (p<0.05).ConclusionsChildhood maltreatments independently increased the risk of alcohol dependence. Importantly, results suggest a synergistic role of parental alcoholism: the effect of physical abuse on alcohol dependence may depend on parental history, while the effects of sexual abuse and emotional neglect may depend on parental history among women. Findings underscore the importance of early identification and prevention, particularly among those with a family history, and could guide genetic research and intervention development, e.g. programs to reduce the burden of childhood maltreatment may benefit from addressing the negative long-term effects of maltreatments, including potential alcohol problems, across a broad range of childhood environments.
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Loureiro, Camila, Corsi-Zuelli Fabiana, Fachim Helene Aparecida, Shuhama Rosana, Menezes Paulo Rossi, Dalton F. Caroline, Del-Ben Cristina Marta, Gavin P. Reynolds, and Louzada-Junior Paulo. "S8. GRIN1 PROMOTER METHYLATION CHANGES IN BLOOD OF EARLY-ONSET PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS AND UNAFFECTED SIBLINGS WITH CHILDHOOD TRAUMA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S32—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.074.
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Abstract Background Childhood trauma may lead to impairments in brain development and increases risk at psychiatric disorders. Evidence also suggests that childhood trauma may affect DNA methylation patterns consequently influencing gene expression (Tomassi et al., 2017). Some of this linking may be correlated with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, which plays a major role of central aspects of cognitive and negative features of schizophrenia (Lakhan et al., 2013). Specifically, the GRIN1 gene codes the biologically relevant NMDAR subunit involved in the synaptic plasticity which is expressed in a broad of non-neuronal cells (Hogan-Cann et al., 2016). Aims: We investigated DNA methylation in the promoter region of GRIN1 and LINE-1 methylation in first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), their unaffected siblings and community-based controls with and without childhood trauma. We also tested for correlations between GRIN1 methylation and NR1 concentrations in peripheral blood. Methods This study is a part of the epidemiological investigation that estimated the incidence of psychosis and the role of environmental and biological factors in psychosis aetiology in the catchment area of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, from 1st April 2012 to 31st March 2015. The genomic DNA was extracted from blood of 60 FEP patients, 30 of their unaffected siblings and 60 age- and sex-matched community-based controls. Diagnosis and clinical characteristics were assessed using the DSM-IV (First et al., 1997; Del-Ben et al., 2001) and history of childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Grassi-Oliverira et al., 2006). The genomic DNA was bisulfite converted and pyrosequencing was used to determine methylation levels in three CpGs sites of the GRIN1 gene and of LINE-1, as a measure of global methylation. NR1 plasma concentrations were measured using ELISA (MyBioSource, San Diego, USA). Data were analyzed using General Linear Model with post-hoc Bonferroni correction and Pearson’s correlations. Results Individuals, independent of groups, who had experienced childhood trauma presented higher levels of GRIN1 methylation than those without trauma (CpG1: p=0.004; CpG3: p=0.009). Moreover, individuals with physical neglect demonstrated GRIN1 hypermethylation in comparison to individuals without trauma (CpG1: p=0.027; CpG3: p=0.006). Specifically, siblings with emotional neglect presented increased GRIN1 methylation levels at CpG1 when compared with FEP patients and controls with emotional neglect (p=0.028; p=0.001, respectively) and in relation to siblings without trauma (p=0.004). Siblings with physical neglect also showed increased GRIN1 methylation levels at CpG1 when compared to FEP patients and controls with physical neglect (p=0.010; p=0.003, respectively) and in relation to siblings without physical neglect (p=0.001). Furthermore, FEP patients with emotional neglect showed increased GRIN1 methylation at CpG3 when compared to FEP patients without emotional neglect (p=0.010). No differences were observed in the LINE-1 methylation between individuals with or without childhood trauma. Discussion This is the first study demonstrating the association between DNA methylation in GRIN1 and childhood trauma in FEP patients, their unaffected siblings and community-based controls. In addition, the interaction between DNA methylation changes in GRIN1 and childhood trauma may be a predict factor of susceptibility for siblings. All these findings suggest evidence for NMDAR dysfunction in response to trauma, contributing the understanding of some of the epigenetics mechanisms by which early life stress affects the glutamatergic system.
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Jordanova Peshevska, Dimitrinka, Marija Raleva, Izabela Filov, Dinesh Sethi, Tamara Jordanova, Kadri HazdiHamza, Fimka Tozija, and Vesna Damchevska Ilievska. "Association between Physical Abuse, Physical Neglect and Health Risk Behaviours among Young Adolescents: Results from the National Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2014): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2014.066.
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OBJECTIVES: One of the main objectives of this paper is to analyze the associations between physical abuse and neglect and health risk behaviours among young adolescents in the country.METHOD: A representative sample consisted of total 1277 students (58.6% female and 41.6%), aged 18 and above. About 664 of them are in last (fourth) year of secondary school and 613 respondents are first- and second-year university students. The data were obtained using Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Questionnaires (Family Health History Questionnaire) for collecting information on child maltreatment, household dysfunction and other socio-behavioural factors, applying WHO/CDC-recommended methodology. Statistical significance was set up at p<0.05.RESULTS: Physical abuse (21.1%) and physical neglect (20%) were reported with similar prevalence rates. Disciplining children by spanking or corporal punishment was presented with very high rate of 72.4%.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated a relationship between physical abuse and later manifestation of health risk behaviours such as: smoking and early pregnancy. Physical neglect increased the chances for drug abuse, drink-driving, having early sex, having more sexual partners.
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Mrizak, J., R. Trabelsi, A. Arous, A. Aissa, H. Ben Ammar, and Z. El Hechmi. "The relationship between childhood trauma and theory of mind in schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): s259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.660.
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IntroductionA history of childhood trauma is reportedly more prevalent in people suffering from psychosis than in the general population. Previous studies linked childhood trauma (CT) to neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia (SCZ), but rarely to theory of mind (TOM) deficits.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between TOM deficits and CT in SCZ.MethodsFifty-eight outpatients with stable SCZ completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire retrospectively assessing five types of childhood trauma (emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect). They also completed an intention-inferencing task, in which the ability to infer a character's intentions from information in a short story is assessed.ResultsOur results suggest a relationship between specific kinds of CT and TOM deficits. A history of childhood physical neglect was significantly correlated to a worse performance in the intention-inferencing task (P = 0,001). Patients with higher scores of CT denial also had less correct answers (P = 0,035) and more false answers (P = 0,013).ConclusionsOur results need replication but underline the necessity of investigating psychosocial mechanisms underlying the development of social cognition deficits, including deficits in TOM.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Glaesmer, Heide, Philipp Kuwert, Elmar Braehler, and Marie Kaiser. "Childhood maltreatment in children born of occupation after WWII in Germany and its association with mental disorders." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 7 (April 4, 2017): 1147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217000369.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Children born of war are a common phenomenon of conflict. In the aftermath of World War II, more than 200,000 German occupation children (GOC) were fathered by occupation soldiers and born to local women. GOC often grew up under difficult conditions and showed high prevalence rates of mental disorders even decades later.Methods:Experiences of childhood maltreatment and their association with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, and somatization in GOC (N = 146) are investigated and compared with a representative birth-cohort-matched sample (BCMS) from the German general population (N = 920).Results:Outcomes show significantly higher prevalence rates of emotional abuse/neglect, physical, and sexual abuse in GOC compared to BCMS. All five subtypes of childhood maltreatment increase the risk of PTSD and somatoform syndrome; depressive syndromes are associated with emotional abuse/neglect and physical abuse. GOC were at high risk of childhood maltreatment.Conclusions:Findings underline the complex, long-term impact of developmental conditions and childhood maltreatment on mental disorders even decades later.
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Chilton, Mariana, Molly Knowles, Jenny Rabinowich, and Kimberly T. Arnold. "The relationship between childhood adversity and food insecurity: ‘It’s like a bird nesting in your head’." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 14 (January 22, 2015): 2643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014003036.
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AbstractObjectiveAdverse childhood experiences, including abuse, neglect and household instability, affect lifelong health and economic potential. The present study investigates how adverse childhood experiences are associated with food insecurity by exploring caregivers’ perceptions of the impact of their childhood adversity on educational attainment, employment and mental health.DesignSemi-structured audio-recorded in-person interviews that included (i) quantitative measures of maternal and child health, adverse childhood experiences (range: 0–10) and food security using the US Household Food Security Survey Module; and (ii) qualitative audio-recorded investigations of experiences with abuse, neglect, violence and hunger over participants’ lifetimes.SettingHouseholds in Philadelphia, PA, USA.SubjectsThirty-one mothers of children <4 years old who reported low or very low household food security.ResultsTwenty-one caregivers (68 %) reported four or more adverse childhood experiences, and this severity was significantly associated with reports of very low food security (Fisher’s exact P=0·021). Mothers reporting emotional and physical abuse were more likely to report very low food security (Fisher’s exact P=0·032). Qualitatively, participants described the impact of childhood adverse experiences with emotional and physical abuse/neglect, and household substance abuse, on their emotional health, school performance and ability to maintain employment. In turn, these experiences negatively affected their ability to protect their children from food insecurity.ConclusionsThe associations between mothers’ adverse experiences in childhood and reports of current household food security should inspire researchers, advocates and policy makers to comprehensively address family hardship through greater attention to the emotional health of caregivers. Programmes meant to address nutritional deprivation and financial hardship should include trauma-informed approaches that integrate behavioural interventions.
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Rokita, Karolina, Maria Dauvermann, Laurena Holleran, David Mothersill, Jessica Holland, Laura Costello, Caroline Cullen, et al. "M4. CHILDHOOD TRAUMA, BRAIN STRUCTURE AND EMOTION RECOGNITION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND HEALTHY ADULTS: A MODERATED MEDIATION ANALYSIS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.316.
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Abstract Background While traumatic childhood experiences have been frequently associated with adverse effects on social cognitive abilities, specifically emotion recognition, in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and to some degree in healthy adults also (Rokita et al., 2018), the neural mechanisms for this association remain unclear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to explore the impact of childhood trauma on brain structures that are particularly sensitive to stress and are involved in emotion recognition processes (i.e. amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) (Cancel et al., 2019). We also investigated whether volumetric changes in these brain regions mediate the association between childhood trauma and performance on an emotion recognition task. Methods We investigated 46 patients with SZ (mean age=43.74; SD=10.94; 12 females and 34 males) and 112 healthy adults (mean age=40.13; SD=12.46; 31 females and 81 males). All participants underwent an MRI scan and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein et al., 2003), which assesses the experience of trauma in childhood, including emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect. Emotion recognition was measured with the total score on the Emotion Recognition Task (ERT) implemented in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) (Robbins et al., 1994). Mediation analyses were conducted to explore the direct and indirect effects of childhood trauma on emotion recognition via volumetric changes in the amygdala, hippocampus and the ACC as mediators. Results We found that patients with SZ had significantly higher scores on physical neglect (PN; p=.018) and cumulative childhood trauma (p=.049) compared to healthy participants. Patients also had significantly smaller hippocampus (p=.001), but not amygdala (p=.453) or ACC (p=.893), and performed worse on the ERT task (p<.001), compared to the healthy group. PN was significantly negatively associated with the total score on the ERT task (r=-.321, p<.001) and a smaller volume of the left ACC (r=-.161, p=.046) in all participants. Reduced volumes of the left and entire ACC appeared to mediate the association between PN and ERT task in healthy adults (β=-1.183, SE=.687, 95% [-2.701: -.079]; β=-1.176, SE=.738, 95% [-2.872: -.0162], respectively). In the patient group, only the direct association between PN and the ERT score was significant (β= -11.657, SE=3.843, 95% CI [-19.251: -4.064], p=.003). Discussion Our findings provide further evidence for the detrimental impact of childhood trauma, specifically physical neglect, on volumetric changes in the ACC region in both patients with SZ and healthy adults. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the ACC region may be a potential neural mediator in the association between physical neglect and the ability to recognise emotions. These findings highlight the need to develop early interventions (e.g. parenting programs) in order to minimise the occurrence of childhood adversities, hence preventing from their detrimental effects on brain structure and function in both clinical and non-clinical populations.
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Salokangas, Raimo K. R., Frauke Schultze-Lutter, Stefanie J. Schmidt, Henri Pesonen, Sinikka Luutonen, Paul Patterson, Heinrich Graf von Reventlow, Markus Heinimaa, Tiina From, and Jarmo Hietala. "Childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect are specifically associated with adult mental disorders." Journal of Mental Health 29, no. 4 (January 24, 2019): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1521940.
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McGuigan, William M., Jack A. Luchette, and Roxanne Atterholt. "Physical neglect in childhood as a predictor of violent behavior in adolescent males." Child Abuse & Neglect 79 (May 2018): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.008.
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Viola, Thiago Wendt, Saulo Gantes Tractenberg, Júlio Carlos Pezzi, Christian Haag Kristensen, and Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira. "Childhood physical neglect associated with executive functions impairments in crack cocaine-dependent women." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 132, no. 1-2 (September 2013): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.014.
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Tendolkar, Indira, Johan Mårtensson, Simone Kühn, Floris Klumpers, and Guillén Fernández. "246. Physical Neglect during Childhood Alters White Matter Connectivity in Healthy Young Males." Biological Psychiatry 81, no. 10 (May 2017): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.260.
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Li, Leah, Snehal M. Pinto Pereira, and Christine Power. "Childhood maltreatment and biomarkers for cardiometabolic disease in mid-adulthood in a prospective British birth cohort: associations and potential explanations." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e024079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024079.
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ObjectivesResearch on associations between childhood maltreatment and adult cardiometabolic disease risk is sparse. We aimed to investigate associations between different forms of child maltreatment and mid-adult cardiometabolic markers and whether potential intermediaries could account for the associations observed.Setting1958 British birth cohort.ParticipantsApproximately 9000 cohort members with data on cardiometabolic markers.OutcomesAdult (45y) cardiometabolic markers (blood pressure, lipids and glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c]).ResultsSeventeen per cent of participants were identified as neglected; 6.1%, 1.6% and 10.0% were identified as experiencing physical, sexual and psychological abuse, respectively. Childhood neglect and physical abuse were associated with high body mass index (BMI) and large waist circumference when adjusting for early-life covariates. For neglect, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.32) and 1.15 (1.02 to 1.30) for general and central obesity, respectively, and for physical abuse, the respective AOR was 1.36 (1.13 to 1.64) and 1.38 (1.16 to 1.65). Neglect was also associated with raised triglycerides by 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)% and HbA1c by 1.2 (0.4 to 2.0)%, and among females, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) by 0.05 (0.01 to 0.08)mmol/L after adjustment. For physical abuse, the AOR was 1.25 (1.00 to 1.56) for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c was raised by 2.5 (0.7 to 4.3)% (in males) and HDL-c was lower by 0.06 (0.01 to 0.12)mmol/L (in females). Associations for sexual abuse were similar to those for physical abuse but 95% CIs were wide. For psychological abuse, the AOR for elevated triglycerides was 1.21 (1.02 to 1.44) and HDL-c was lower by 0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)mmol/L. Maltreatments were not associated with raised blood pressure. In analyses of potential intermediary factors, several associations attenuated after adjustment for adult lifestyles (mainly smoking and alcohol consumption rather than physical activity) and child-to-adult BMI.ConclusionsChildhood maltreatments, particularly neglect and physical abuse, were associated with greater adiposity and poorer lipid and HbA1c profiles decades later in adulthood. Associations were modest but independent of early-life factors linked to these outcomes. Findings implicate adult lifestyles as an important intermediary between child maltreatment and outcomes.
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Van Den Bosch, Louisa M. C., Roel Verheul, Willie Langeland, and Wim Van Den Brink. "Trauma, Dissociation, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female Borderline Patients With and Without Substance Abuse Problems." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 5 (October 2003): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01199.x.
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Objective: To examine the associations of childhood traumatic experiences and childhood neglect with dissociative experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a population of female borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients with and without substance abuse. Method: The sample included 64 female patients with BPD. Childhood traumatic experiences and childhood neglect were measured using the Structured Trauma Interview, dissociative experiences with the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and PTSD with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Results: In general, dissociation scores were higher among those with a history of childhood trauma and neglect, in particular among those who reported both sexual and physical abuse before age 16, more than one perpetrator and severe maternal dysfunction. The prevalence of PTSD was clearly associated with the severity of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in terms of the occurrence of penetration during CSA, intrafamilial CSA, a duration of CSA longer than 1 year and more than one perpetrator. Comorbid substance abuse problems modified the observed associations such that the associations mentioned above were also present or even more pronounced among those without substance abuse, whereas no associations were found in those with substance abuse. Conclusions: The results suggest a moderately strong association between childhood trauma and neglect with dissociation and PTSD. However, trauma-dissociation and trauma-PTSD links were only observed among BPD patients without addictive problems. The findings are largely consistent with the literature. Potential explanations for the lack of a trauma-dissociation and trauma-PTSD link in the addicted subgroup are discussed.