Journal articles: 'Childhood fears'

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Sullivan, Karen. "CHILDHOOD FEARS." Early Years Educator 6, no. 9 (January 2005): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2005.6.9.17163.

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Zuger, Bernard. "Fears of Childhood." American Journal of Psychotherapy 41, no. 2 (April 1987): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.2.312.

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Sipes, Gregory, Max Rardin, and Bernard Fitzgerald. "Adolescent Recall of Childhood Fears and Coping Strategies." Psychological Reports 57, no. 3_suppl (December 1985): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3f.1215.

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Ninth grade students ( N = 2728) wrote essay responses to the questions: “Most of us, as children, were afraid of something—the dark, dogs, being alone. What caused you the greatest fright when you were young? Show, by example, how you reacted to fear. What has helped you to overcome or conquer fear?” Reported fears and coping strategies were recorded by subjects' sex and fears were categorized as singular, primary, or secondary. Fear and coping strategy categories were recorded once only for any subject. Fear of the dark was most frequently mentioned, with People, Spooks, Being Alone, and Animals being other frequently mentioned fears. Sex differences were found for singular or primary fears, with boys significantly more fearful of Animals and Heights and girls significantly more afraid of Being Alone, Death/Injury, Insects, and Fathers. About half of all subjects reported coping strategies, with nearly 55% reporting the strategy of Reason/Age. Boys reported significantly more In vivo Densensitization/Flooding and Destroy coping strategies, with girls reporting significantly more People, Escape, and Took Control strategies. Possible explanations for the various reported fears are provided.

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Chung, Esther K. "Childhood Fears and Phobias." Pediatrics in Review 24, no. 12 (December 2003): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.24-12-431.

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Chung, Esther K. "Childhood Fears and Phobias." Pediatrics In Review 24, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.24.12.431.

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King, Neville J., Thomas H. Ollendick, and Eleonora Gullone. "Desensitisation of Childhood Fears and Phobias: Psychophysiological Analyses." Behaviour Change 7, no. 2 (June 1990): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900007245.

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Compared to the study of adult fears, childhood fears have not been extensively investigated in terms of their psychophysiological bases. However, limited findings suggest that children exhibit psychophysiological reactivity to fear-eliciting stimuli. Other data suggest that fear imagery produces psychophysiological arousal and that youngsters may be trained in fear imagery. Psychophysiological measures have also been used in the evaluation of desensitisation as seen in a limited number of case studies, single-subject experimental analyses and group outcome comparisons. In general, psychophysiological changes have been reported that are suggestive of reduced autonomic arousal. Methodological and theoretical issues are discussed including the selection of psychophysiological measures and the desynchrony between measures of fear.

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Schowalter, John E. "Fears and Phobias." Pediatrics In Review 15, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.15.10.384.

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Definitions Fears and phobias represent a major segment of the psychological distress experienced by children while growing up. It is important to distinguish between the two. Fears are a normal part of life and usually are most vivid and ubiquitous during childhood. Fear is the emotional and physiologic response to an external danger. At their best, fears help keep one safe. The fear of being burned, being accosted by strangers, disappointing parents by doing poorly on an examination, or ending up in jail all can lead to a more healthy and productive life. One could speculate that heights and snakes are among the most common fears among adults because those ancestors who avoided snakes and high places were most likely to live long enough to ensconce these tendencies in the gene pool. The differential diagnosis of fears and phobias is easier during adulthood than it is during childhood. This is because the child's physical and cognitive immaturity can confound reality testing on developmental and psychopathologic bases. The toddler who is so small, helpless, and unable to understand the forces of physical and human nature accurately often has many normal fears. These typically may include strangers, their parents' leaving, monsters, the dark, or going to sleep.

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Gullone, Eleonora. "Developmental Psychopathology and Normal Fear." Behaviour Change 13, no. 3 (September 1996): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900004927.

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This paper reviews the extensive research examining developmental patterns in normal fear. Areas of focus include age, gender, and socioeconomic status differences in fear content, prevalence, and intensity. The structure and stability/duration of normal fears are also discussed. Finally, the crosscultural research in this area is reviewed. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate that fear decreases in prevalence and intensity with age. There are also major changes in the content of normal fear over the course of development. Such changes are characterised by a transition from infant fears which are related to immediate, concrete, and prepotent stimuli, and which are largely noncognitive, to fears of late childhood and adolescence which are related to anticipatory, abstract, and more global stimuli and events. Fears of late childhood and adolescence are also more cognitive. One of the prominent themes during these years is social evaluation. It is noteworthy that fears have been demonstrated to be largely transitory in nature, decreasing significantly in number and intensity over time and with maturation. Future research into normal fear should more closely examine the validity of current assessment techniques. There is also a need for research into the developmental correlates of fear, including individual differences and affective environmental experiences. In particular, research examining the correlates of normal fear within a developmental psychopathology framework is recommended.

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King, Neville J., Eleonora Gullone, and Bruce J. Tonge. "Childhood Fears and Anxiety Disorders." Behaviour Change 8, no. 3 (September 1991): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900006719.

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Despite their significance, childhood anxiety disorders, compared to those of adults, have been neglected by researchers. However, recent years have witnessed increasing research on childhood anxiety disorders. Normative and developmental aspects of fear and anxiety are briefly discussed and we examine the classification and diagnostic reliability of childhood anxiety disorders. In relation to assessment, we focus on some recent research developments on self-report instruments and behavioural avoidance tests. An integrative behavioural treatment model is presented in which the need for age-appropriate intervention is emphasised. Also, data on the social validity of fear reduction procedures are presented. Finally, we outline several directions for future research.

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Burkhardt, Käthe, Helene Loxton, and Peter Muris. "Fears and Fearfulness in South-African Children." Behaviour Change 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.20.2.94.24837.

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AbstractThe present study examined common childhood fears in 9- to 13-year-old South-African children (N = 404) from white, coloured, and black cultural groups. Fears were assessed by means of two methods — the fear list method and the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised (FSSC-R). Results showed that fear rank orders as obtained with the fear list method were quite different from those derived from the FSSC-R. Furthermore, clear differences in fear levels were found among the three cultural groups. More specifically, coloured and black South-African children displayed significantly higher fear levels than white children. Finally, differences were also found as to the content of prevalent fears in the three cultural groups. For example, common fears in coloured and black children were more frequently related to violence than in white children.

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Muris, Peter, Harald Merckelbach, and Ron Collaris. "Common childhood fears and their origins." Behaviour Research and Therapy 35, no. 10 (October 1997): 929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00050-8.

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Muris, Peter, Harald Merckelbach, Birgit Mayer, and Elske Prins. "How serious are common childhood fears?" Behaviour Research and Therapy 38, no. 3 (March 2000): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00204-6.

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Askew, Chris, Güler Dunne, Zehra Özdil, Gemma Reynolds, and Andy P. Field. "Stimulus fear-relevance and the vicarious learning pathway to childhood fears." Emotion 13, no. 5 (2013): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032714.

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Vlasova, Olena, and Olga Potonska. "ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD FEARS ON THE FORMATION OF ADULT STEREOTYPES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Social work, no. 7 (2021): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-7786.2021/7-1/11.

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The childhood fears and demonstration of their consequences in adult life is an important topic of psychology and psychiatry. The analysis of theoretical studies, allows to reveal more deeply consequences of formation and functioning of stereotypes in consciousness and behavior of people. The phenomenon of stereotype from a psychological and psychophysiological point of view is considered in the article. The psychological understanding of the concepts of stereotype and fear is provided on the basis of the analysis and generalization of related materials. The different interpretations of the stereotype have been found to reflect the different aspects of the same phenomenon: physiological basis, social and psychological conditioning, behavioral and verbal realization. The determinants (external and internal) of the appearance of the stereotype of person's behavior have been determined and the relations between the individual determinants have been revealed. In particular, the influence of childhood fears on the formation of adult stereotypes was revealed. The main goal is to systematize and generalize the scientific concepts regarding the influence of childhood fears on the formation of adult stereotypes. The main research methods: Analysis and synthesis of information on professional sources. The problem statement. The one of the most important characteristics of stereotypes is their diversity, which makes them function in all spheres of society in different modifications. It is first necessary to develop its generalized, detailed methodological typology based on various scientific classifications in order to study the problem of the formation of stereotypes of human behaviour under the influence of childhood fears. The various fears, both normal and pathological, influence the adult behaviour. The normal fears of a child are always reactions to real dangers, the consequences of which the child assesses adequately, without overstating or minimizing the consequences. The pathological fears are considered to hinder the development of children, their communication with their peers and their social inclusion, and cause various mental disorders. The reaction of the child to such abnormalities is disobedience, reduced academic performance, behavioural disorders and communication with peers and parents. The greater influence of childhood fears when they are laid down for the future, when adults take certain steps under the influence of stereotypes created by their own experience, in which the fears of different levels of intensity and importance were significant. The stereotypes that define the character of the person and his behavior in adulthood go through a long period of formation. The stereotype takes effect even before the mind, the intelligence, puts a specific imprint on the data that the human senses perceive even before the data reaches the mind. At the same time, certain stimuli, especially those inherited by an adult from his or her childhood, activate a certain part of the stereotype system. Thus, the direct impression and a certain evaluation, which has been formed earlier, appear in consciousness simultaneously. The fears inherited by the adult from the period of childhood can carry out a number of characteristic reconstructions in consciousness, which are reflected in individual links of the system, in the entire system or, finally, in the entire above nervous activity.

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Gudonis, Vytautas, Irena Kaffemanienė, Liuda Radzevičienė, Egidijus Elijošius, and Yevhenii Klopota. "Fears of Visually Impaired Pre-School Children and Their Parents." Pedagogika 128, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2017.61.

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The article analyses the fears of preschool age children, with visual impairment, and the fears of their parents. It was aimed to define whether the fears of preschool age children, with vision problems, differ from the fears of the same age children, with no vision problems. The hypothesis was formed that the parental childhood fears can be transmitted to their mature age, and present fears can be transmitted to their children. The results of the research revealed such tendencies as follows: the participating in the research preschool age children, with vision problems, do not have any exceptional fears, comparing to the children of the same age but with no vision problems; the larger number of fears reflected in those children, whose parents have a high educational level, comparing to the parents, with a lower educational level; children from incomplete families have more fears; mothers used to have less fears in childhood than they have now; the fears, children and some parents have, might have been transmitted from parents to children.

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Elnikova, Oksana E. "Correcting childhood fears by means of rationalization." Comprehensive Child Studies 1, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2019-1-1-43-48.

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King, Neville J., Peter Muris, and Thomas H. Ollendick. "Childhood Fears and Phobias: Assessment and Treatment." Child and Adolescent Mental Health 10, no. 2 (May 2005): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2005.00118.x.

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Ollendick, Thomas H., and Neville J. King. "Origins of childhood fears: An evaluation of Rachman's theory of fear acquisition." Behaviour Research and Therapy 29, no. 2 (1991): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(91)90039-6.

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Kállai, J., S. Rózsa, G. Vincze, L. Martin, Á. Csathó, K. Dorn, and I. Török. "Childhood parental childrearing differently influences on adulthood fears, agoraphobia and navigation strategy selection in females and males." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.228.

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IntroductionUsing self-report assessment methods, the present study examined affective factors that influenced the gender specific use of a survey-based orientation strategy and landmark-based route-finding strategy in an unfamiliar environment. First, we analyzed the role of early navigation experiences and the influence of early parental attachment (emotional warmth, overprotection and rejection) on way finding strategy. Second, the study analyzed the intercorrelations between way finding strategies and fear-related avoidance behavior and anxiousness.MethodsThree hundred and sixteen male and female students were recruited in a study to analyze the relationships between navigation strategies, fears, early parental childrearing behavior and navigation experiences. We proposed that use of navigation strategy depends on not only the physical features of the current environment and the participants’ gender, but also fears of closed and opened spaces and types of perceived parental childrearing behavior.ResultsWe found that when exploring strange places, females used a route-finding strategy in contrast to males who used an orientation strategy for exploring a strange environment. Fear enhanced the preference for a route-finding strategy in both females and males. A route-finding strategy was associated with agoraphobic scores in females and with social fears in males. Perceived rejection from father and emotional warmth from mother together induces usage of route-finding navigation strategy.ConclusionThe family background influence on the capability to have personal experiences in unfamiliar environment and to cope with fears and behavioral avoidance in strange opened and closed places.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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King, Neville J., Peter Muris, Thomas H. Ollendick, and Eleonora Gullone. "Childhood Fears and Phobias: Advances in Assessment and Treatment." Behaviour Change 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.22.4.199.

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AbstractThe specific phobias in children, such as night-time fears and animal phobias, should not be underestimated since they cause personal distress to the child and also much interference with daily activities. Intervention plans should be informed by multimethod assessment, using tools that are empirically sound and developmentally sensitive. This article selectively reviews a number of assessment tools including structured diagnostic interview schedules, standardised instruments such as anxiety or fear self-report questionnaires, and behavioural tasks. An overview is given of the main intervention approaches, from a behavioural perspective, including traditional behavioural intervention procedures such as systematic desensitisation and its variants, cognitive–behavioural therapy, and behavioural family therapy. The authors also present recent developments in psychodynamic treatment for phobic and anxious children. Finally, we present conclusions on the empirical standing of the various treatment approaches and also examine the important issue of treatment outcome prediction.

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Barnett, W. Steven. "Misplaced Fears: Fact and Fancy in Standardized Childhood." Educational Researcher 38, no. 1 (January 2009): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x038001054.

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Potonska, Olga. "THE IMPACT OF CHILDREN'S FEARS ON ADULT TOLERANCE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 1 (11) (2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2020.1(11).10.

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Objective: To confirm the impact of childhood fears on adult tolerance. Methods: questionnaire of the author on the childhood fears; MSTAT-I Tolerance Scale for Ambiguity of Several Types of Incentives; New questionnaire of tolerance for NTN uncertainty. Identified: classification and quantitative parameters of childhood fears; fears of social origin associated with tolerance of uncertainty. It is important to adapt quickly and make non-standard decisions to be successful in today's changing world. One of the main obstacles is the existence of stereotypes – a rigidly stable image of a person's consciousness in terms of objectively existing phenomena makes it possible to perceive the surrounding reality in a convenient form. Сhildhood fears are their basis. Despite this, a need for comprehensive research exists. The importance of the construct of tolerance for uncertainty (from now on referred to as TN) – the ability of a person to accept unknown information, resist the contradictions of information, and overcome conflict and tension arising in a duality situation is extremely increasing in modern psychodiagnostics. The uncertainty tolerant person is described as one who accepts the novelty and uncertainty of situations and can act productively in them. In contrast, the intolerant person is described as one who does not accept the novelty of situations, the world's diversity and is stressed when the possibility of multiple interpretations of stimuli. We view the tolerance of uncertainty as to the opposite of the stereotypical behavior from the psychological perspective. The scope of this publication is to show and substantiate the impact of childhood fears on adult tolerance. Further the development of this issue is important both in the theoretical context – for understanding the dynamism of the mind in the modern changing world, where uncertainty is a common condition for life, and in practical terms – for solving important problems of forming human tolerance social interaction.

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Gullone, Eleonora. "Normative Fear in Childhood and Adolescence: Patterns and Correlates." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 9, no. 2 (November 1992): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200026675.

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ABSTRACTThe literature on normative fear in children and adolescents outlined in this review spans almost a century from the work of Hall and Hagman in the late 1800s and early 1900s to the more recent contributions of researchers such as Ollendick, King, and Gullone. Methodologies range from unstructured open-ended inteview formats to soundly validated research instruments enabling meaningful comparison of different subject populations. Developmental changes occur in the content, intensity, and frequency of normative fear. Fearfulness has been related to chronological age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Recently the nature of what children and adoloscents find fearful has changed. Developmental changes in what children are prepared to find fearful contributes to the distribution of their fears and warrant the attention of caregivers.

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Gilmore, Linda, and Marilyn Campbell. "Scared but loving it: Children's enjoyment of fear as a diagnostic marker of anxiety?" Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/aedp.25.1.24.

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AbstractChildhood fears of objects and events such as spiders, monsters and earthquakes are common, universal and sometimes distressing. At the same time, many children seem to enjoy the thrill of scary ghost stories, ghoulish films, and terrifying theme park rides. It is estimated that around 18% of children are excessively fearful. Although anxiety disorders represent the most common psychopathology in childhood, identification can be difficult because of the diagnostic overlap and co-morbidity of anxiety with other childhood disorders. The present study investigated enjoyment of fear as a potential diagnostic marker of childhood anxiety in a sample of 220 children aged 6-12 years and their parents. Many children reportedly enjoyed scary experiences, with boys and older children displaying greater enjoyment. Children whose parents rated them as excessively anxious experienced significantly less enjoyment of fear. The paper considers possible explanations for this finding and concludes that failure to enjoy scary activities may represent a useful diagnostic marker in the initial identification of childhood anxiety.

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Burch, Victoria. "Pack up your worries." Early Years Educator 22, no. 10 (May 2, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2021.22.10.7.

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Addressing childhood fears and stresses is currently a priority for schools and early years settings. Victoria Burch gives her view on how resources developed by Act International, a charity dealing with childhood trauma, can help.

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Szwarc, Sandy. "Putting Facts over Fears: Examining Childhood Anti-Obesity Initiatives." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 23, no. 2 (June 2003): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yfcn-kw9u-fdvv-7k2n.

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Communities and healthcare professionals are calling for a variety of public school anti-obesity initiatives, which need to be approached with caution. With no reliable or accepted clinical measure of obesity in growing children, many children are being inappropriately labeled and stigmatized as fat. The vast majority of children do not have weight problems. While intuitive, these programs are not evidence-based and none to date has proven effective in reducing long-term obesity. But they are resulting in unprecedented levels of body hatred, unhealthy and inappropriate weight loss attempts, fears of food, increased susceptibility to media messages, eating disorders, nutritional deficits, and weight discrimination. This article reviews the evidence surrounding childhood obesity and the health paradigm which has been shown to give lasting positive outcomes for children's health and well-being.

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Askew, Chris, and Andy P. Field. "Vicarious learning and the development of fears in childhood." Behaviour Research and Therapy 45, no. 11 (November 2007): 2616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.06.008.

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Moraes, Antonio Bento Alves de, Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, Rosana de Fátima Possobon, and Áderson Luiz Costa Junior. "Fear assessment in brazilian children: the relevance of dental fear." Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 20, no. 3 (December 2004): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722004000300011.

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Fear frequently interferes with dental treatment procedures, producing delays and poor technical quality results. Patients exhibit avoidance and escape behaviors that may be related to aversive childhood experiences in dental treatment situations. The aim of this study was to identify the most frequent children's fears, including dental ones, using an adaptation of the FSSC-R. This instrument was used to assess 549 children divided in three groups: (G1) private school children, (G2) public school children and (G3) public school children who were surveyed during dental treatment. Results indicated higher dental fear scores for females when compared with male children. Considering all groups studied, "injection" was the 5th higher fear for the group G3, 8th for the group G1 and 14th for the group G2. Family relationship items such as "parents fighting", "parents yelling at you", "hearing my parents argue", were considered frequent fears, suggesting that family conflicts may contribute to children's emotional problems.

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Field, A. P., and J. Lawson. "Fear information and the development of fears during childhood: effects on implicit fear responses and behavioural avoidance." Behaviour Research and Therapy 41, no. 11 (November 2003): 1277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00034-2.

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Defenderfer, Ellen K., W. Hobart Davies, Ana-Maria Raicu, Natalie Brei, and Bonita P. Klein-Tasman. "Childhood toilet fears as an early behavioral indicator of anxiety." Children's Health Care 46, no. 4 (May 26, 2016): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02739615.2016.1193808.

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Lichtenstein, Paul, and Peter Annas. "Heritability and Prevalence of Specific Fears and Phobias in Childhood." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 41, no. 7 (October 2000): 927–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00680.

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Ferrari, Michael. "Fears and phobias in childhood: Some clinical and developmental considerations." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 17, no. 2 (1986): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00706646.

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Masaeva, Zarema, Laura Kagermazova, and Irina Danchenko. "Features of the perception of the world by the modern younger generation." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 10012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127310012.

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Today, in the era of globalization of modern society, it is important to create a favorable environment for the younger generation. The presence of fears in children at preschool age prevents favorable mental development. This paper reflects the results of a study to identify the prevailing fears in children in preschool age. According to the results of the conducted empirical research, it was revealed that there is a tendency to increase fears in children, due to individual characteristics and the present stresses, neuroticism in preschool children. The results show that preschool childhood is one of the most difficult periods, which is characterized by neurotic fears that cause a general deterioration of the child’s psychoemotional state. It is very important to register the emotional changes of a preschooler, since the lack of information about the occurrence and development of fears in children causes complex barriers in the child’s further development.

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Richardson, Laurel. "Riverside." International Review of Qualitative Research 10, no. 3 (November 2017): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2017.10.3.263.

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In this autoethnography of my anaphylactic allergic reaction to penicillin, I write of my fears, hallucinations, and relevant childhood experiences as well as the procedures and problems experienced in highly ranked American hospital's emergency room(s).

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Brown, Elissa J., Michelle Y. Pearlman, and Robin F. Goodman. "Facing Fears and Sadness: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Traumatic Grief." Harvard Review of Psychiatry 12, no. 4 (July 2004): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10673220490509516.

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Weems, Carl F., and Natalie M. Costa. "Developmental Differences in the Expression of Childhood Anxiety Symptoms and Fears." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 44, no. 7 (July 2005): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000162583.25829.4b.

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Kushnir, Jonathan, and Avi Sadeh. "Childhood Fears, Neurobehavioral Functioning and Behavior Problems in School-Age Children." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 41, no. 1 (July 28, 2009): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-009-0154-9.

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Michiel Westenberg, P., Martine J. Drewes, Arnold W. Goedhart, Berend M. Siebelink, and Philip D. A. Treffers. "A developmental analysis of self-reported fears in late childhood through mid-adolescence: social-evaluative fears on the rise?" Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45, no. 3 (March 2004): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00239.x.

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Mendes, A. L., C. Ferreira, and J. Marta-Simões. "Childhood Emotional Experiences and Eating Psychopathology: The Mediational Role of Different Emotion Regulation Processes." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.143.

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Positive experiences from childhood have been consistently associated with well-being and with feelings of social safeness and connectedness. On the other hand, the lack of early experiences characterized by warmth, soothing and care may lead to the later experience of fearing to receive compassion from others, to the engagement in self-judgment, and may be associated with a large spectrum of psychopathology. The present study tested a model which hypothesized that the impact of early positive memories with family figures on the engagement in disordered eating is carried by the mechanisms of social safeness and connectedness with others, fears of receiving compassion from others, and self-judgment. The sample comprised 399 women, aged between 18 and 55 years old. The path model accounted for 33% of eating psychopathology's variance and showed excellent model fit indices. Results revealed that the impact of early affiliative memories with family figures on eating psychopathology was totally mediated by the mechanisms of social safeness, fears of compassion from others, and self-judgment. In fact, women who reported a lack of early memories of warmth and safeness with family figures seemed to present lower feelings of safeness and connectedness within social relationships, higher tendency to fear receiving kindness and compassion from others, and more self-judgmental attitudes. These findings support the importance of developing intervention programs in the community, which target maladaptive emotion regulation processes (such as compassionate-based interventions) to promote mental health, especially in a context of early adverse experiences.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Searle, Alison. "Action Research - A Valuable Teaching/Learning Strategy." Aboriginal Child at School 16, no. 2 (May 1988): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200015340.

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This article is a follow-up to “Utilizing a Research Project as a Teaching/Learning Strategy : The Joys and Fears of Childhood” which appeared in Vol.15 No.3, 1987. In both projects the students contributed significantly.In Semester II, 1987, a group of Aboriginal and Islander students in their second year of the Diploma of Teaching (ECE) at James Cook University conducted an action research project entitled “Cross-cultural Perspectives on Children’s Friendships in Middle Childhood”.

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Romaniuk, Liana, Merrick Pope, Katie Nicol, Douglas Steele, and Jeremy Hall. "Neural correlates of fears of abandonment and rejection in borderline personality disorder." Wellcome Open Research 1 (December 29, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10331.1.

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Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric condition commonly associated with early life adversity. Social difficulties are a prominent symptom of BPD, particularly a fear of abandonment and rejection. There has recently been a growing interest in the neural basis of these social symptoms and their relationship to early experience. Methods: In the current study, we examined social brain function and learning in BPD using functional MRI. Participants with BPD (n=20) and healthy controls (n=16) completed a computerized parametric social exclusion task (the “Cyberball” task). Brain activation was compared between groups and related to social symptom status and experiences of childhood trauma. Additional analyses were conducted using a reinforcement learning model treating social inclusion as a rewarding event. Results: Participants with BPD demonstrated a group effect of decreased right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) activation (p < 0.013, FWE-corrected). Increased fear of abandonment in BPD was associated with reduced inclusion-related activation of the inferior frontal gyrus (p = 0.003, FWE-corrected). Across all participants, TPJ inclusion-related activation was modified by prior experience of childhood physical neglect (p < 0.001, FWE-corrected). Reinforcement learning modelling revealed decreased midbrain responses to social inclusion in BPD participants (p = 0.028, FWE-corrected within midbrain mask), with decreased anticipatory midbrain activation in anticipation of social inclusion specifically associated with fears of abandonment (p = 0.019, FWE-corrected within a midbrain mask). Conclusions: The findings demonstrate alterations in social brain function and social reinforcement learning in BPD, which are influenced by both early life experience and symptom status.

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Mohammed, N. A., V. Eapen, and A. Bener. "Prevalence and correlates of childhood fears in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2001): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.3.422.

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The prevalence of fear was explored in 340 adolescents in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. More than 50% reported feeling extremely frightened of 6 out of 60 fear items surveyed. These items were: someone dying in the family [66.5%], parents getting divorced [65.3%], the devil [63.8%], breaking a religious law [61.5%], being kidnapped [53.2%] and being adopted [49.9%]. The level of fear showed a significant positive correlation with female gender, parental death/divorce, living with a single parent/relatives, living in low income families and an adverse home environment. Nearly half of the children reported that the fear caused considerable distress and interfered with daily activities.

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Muris, Peter, and Harald Merckelbach. "How serious are common childhood fears? II. The parent's point of view." Behaviour Research and Therapy 38, no. 8 (August 2000): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00119-9.

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Pascoe, Carla. "Be Home By Dark: Childhood Freedoms and Adult Fears in 1950s Victoria." Australian Historical Studies 40, no. 2 (June 2009): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314610902865696.

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Horne, Ann. "Oedipal aspirations and phallic fears: on fetishism in childhood and young adulthood." Journal of Child Psychotherapy 29, no. 1 (January 2003): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0075417031000083605.

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Kendler, Kenneth S., Charles O. Gardner, Peter Annas, Michael C. Neale, Lindon J. Eaves, and Paul Lichtenstein. "A Longitudinal Twin Study of Fears From Middle Childhood to Early Adulthood." Archives of General Psychiatry 65, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.4.421.

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Chapman, A. H., Miriam Chapman-Santana, and Djalma Vieira e Silva. "The concept of nemesis in psychoneurosis." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 55, no. 3A (September 1997): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1997000300013.

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A patient who has a nemesis fear as the basic process in his psychoneurosis feels that he is destined to repeat the life course of one of his parents to eventual long-term psychosis, or incapacitating physical illness or death by illness or accident. He feels that this will occur at about the same age as that at which his parent suffered his misfortune. The patient during his childhood and adolescence had a traumatic relationship with this parent, and is haunted by guilt feelings about it, and fears that avenging destiny, or nemesis, requires that he pay with a similar misfortune for that which he feels he caused. These patients improve much in psychotherapy, but the underlying nemesis fear, though much reduced in severeity, is not entirely eliminated.

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Douali, Latifa, Sabah Selmaoui, and Widad Bouab. "Artificial Intelligence in Education: Fears and Faiths." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 12, no. 7 (2022): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2022.12.7.1666.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) aims to develop models with human-like cognitive functions. Since its conception in the mid-50s, it has achieved big success in almost all areas and domains, starting from games to autonomous robotic surgery, and it is evolving rapidly. Indeed, AI-based machines pervade all domains and it is used for many purposes. In developing countries, it is widely used in almost all everyday life tasks. Yet, the idea that machines can act as humans and make decisions on behalf of individuals scares many people and raises many concerns and controversies. This tends to be the case in Morocco as well. Over the past few years, AI has made its way in the field of education and it is revolutionizing it. In this survey study, we probed the opinions of Moroccans about AI and their fears and hopes towards AI and its use in education. The majority of the respondents to the survey expressed serious worries about the future of using AI, especially in the early childhood education. Nevertheless, they seem to be rather cautiously optimistic about using AI in providing technical assistance in teaching-related tasks.

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Békés, V., J. C. Perry, and C. Starrs. "Older adults during the pandemic: Mental health symptoms are predicted by childhood trauma." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.778.

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Introduction It has been broadly anticipated that COVID-19 pandemic-related experiences may constitute traumatic stressors in vulnerable populations, and that older adults’ might be especially at risk of experiencing mental health symptoms during the pandemic. Objectives The present study aimed to examine older adults’ psychological distress: posttraumatic stress, Covid-related fears, anxiety, and depression during the pandemic, and the relationship between present distress, defensive functioning, and childhood trauma. We also explored potential differences between younger-older adults (between 65 and 74 years), and older-older adults (75 years and above). Methods Data was collected in a large-scale online survey during the early months of the pandemic, for the present study, we included participants above 65 years old (N = 1,225). Results showed that age, adverse childhood experiences, and overall defensive functioning were all significantly related to posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression. Specifically, younger age and more reported childhood adversity were related to higher distress, whereas higher defensive functioning was related to less distress. Covid-related fears were not associated with age. Our final model showed that defensive functioning mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and distress. Conclusions Our results support the relative resilience of older-older adults compared to younger-older adults, as well as the long-lasting impact of childhood adversity through defensive functioning later in life, specifically in times of heightened stress, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies are warranted to identify further factors affecting defensive functioning as adults age, as well as processes that are associated with resilience in response to stressors in older adulthood. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Khomenko, Halyna, and Ilia Krapivnyi. "PSYCHOANALYSIS OF CHILDHOOD FEARS, OR BEHIND GRANDFATHER FREUD`S BACK. IN THE FRAME OF ANXIETY / AT THE STAGE OF PHANTASMS. PSYCHOANALYSIS OF CHILDHOOD FEARS, OR BEHIND GRANDFATHER FREUD’S BACK." Astraea 2, no. 2 (2021): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/astraea.2021.2.2.09.

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This text may be of interest to both proponents of intellectual literature in general and sympathizers of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis in particular. However, the promise of an intellectual game is already implied by the title of the story: the terrain ‘behind Dr. Freud’s back’ concerns those psychoanalysts who have transformed his teachings in many ways. Their traces accompany both the scriptor and the character of his session, a child at a crisis age (six and a half years old): in the aspect described by the author of philosophical (structural) psychoanalysis Jacques Lacan, those who behind Freud / after Freud, emerging in the mirror stage of child’s development behind their back, turn out to be possible analogues of that universal symbolic Other, which, in relation to the Ideal Self and the Self-Ideal, brings to the stage their fantasy about the most important loss / the greatest desire to return – the agalma. As a parallel to mother’s womb, it has a figurative equivalent in the story, that is an abandoned, waterless pool.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Childhood fears'

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