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Journal articles on the topic 'Childhood allergy'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Cho, Kyu-Sup, Seong Heon Kim, Sung-Lyong Hong, Jaeyoung Lee, Sue Jean Mun, Young Eun Roh, Young Mi Kim, and Hye-Young Kim. "Local Atopy in Childhood Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 32, no. 3 (April 12, 2018): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892418765003.

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Background Although the cause of adenotonsillar hypertrophy remains unknown, some studies have shown that allergy may be a risk factor. Purpose This study determined the levels of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in the adenotonsillar tissues of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and evaluated the clinical significance of local atopy in adenotonsillar tissues. Methods We measured 21 types of specific immunoglobulin E in the serum and adenotonsillar tissues of 102 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and compared the sensitization patterns of the serum and local tissues. The patients were divided into three groups—atopy, local atopy, and nonatopy—according to the sensitization of serum and adenotonsillar tissues, and the clinical symptoms among the groups were analyzed. Results Seventy-two (70.6%) children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy were sensitized to more than one allergen in the serum and/or adenotonsillar tissue. Thirty (29.4%) children had no IgE positivity to any allergen in both serum and adenotonsillar tissues. Fifty-five (53.9%) were sensitized to at least one allergen in the serum. Seventy (68.6%) were sensitized to at least one allergen in the adenotonsillar tissue. Seventeen (36.2%) of 47 children with specific immunoglobulin E-negative serum had specific immunoglobulin E-positive adenotonsillar tissues. The rate of specific immunoglobulin E was significantly higher in local tissues than in serum. The rate of inhalant allergen specific immunoglobulin E was significantly higher in the adenoids than in the tonsils. However, the rate of food allergen specific immunoglobulin E was significantly higher in the tonsils than adenoids. The lifetime prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis, recent symptoms or treatment of allergic rhinitis, and severity of nasal symptoms (rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching) were significantly higher in children with local atopy than with nonatopy. Conclusions These results confirm that allergic response may be a risk factor for adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Local allergic inflammation may play an important role in childhood adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and local atopy in adenotonsillar tissues can cause respiratory allergic symptoms in children.
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2

Kemp, Andrew, Wen Chin Chiang, Irvin Gerez, Anne Goh, Woei Kang Liew, Lynette Shek, Hugo PS Van Bever, and Bee Wah Lee. "Childhood Food Allergy: A Singaporean Perspective." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 39, no. 5 (May 15, 2010): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n5p404.

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Food allergy is defined as reaction to a food which has an immunologic mechanism. Its prevalence is increasing in children globally and is therefore of increasing clinical importance. A useful clinical approach is to distinguish food allergic reactions by the timing of clinical reaction in relation to food exposure and classified as immediate (generally IgE-mediated) and delayed (generally non-IgE-mediated), with the exception of eczema and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease, which, when associated with food allergy may be associated with either mechanism. This review is aimed at providing the clinician with a Singaporean perspective on the clinical approach and management of these disorders. Key words: Asia, Children, Food allergy
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3

Lariou, Maria Stella, Stavroula Dikalioti, Nick Dessypris, Apostolos Pourtsidis, Margarita Baka, Sophia Polychronopoulou, Fani Athanasiadou Piperopoulou, et al. "Country specific serum IgE reactivity profile and concordance with allergic history among acute lymphoblastic leukemia children and controls." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e20002-e20002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e20002.

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e20002 Background: Allergy has been studied as a risk factor for several malignancies, including childhood leukemia; yet, the tentative etiological nature of this association needs to be further explored. Published studies suffer inappropriate study design and accuracy of exposure variables. In response to the latter need, this study aims to use country specific biological markers, namely levels of the most prevalent allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in Greece as an alternative exposure measurement to history of allergy and compare their concordance with allergic history. Methods: Allergen-specific-IgEs against 24 most prevalent inhalant and food allergens were determined for 199 incident childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), newly diagnosed cases across Greece and registered in the Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies (NARECHEM) and 113 hospital controls. K statistic was used to check the concordance between serum IgE specific allergens and allergic history overall, as well as among cases and controls. Results: Concordance between self-reported food allergy and food IgE levels in the same individual among both cases and controls was 87% and 83% for respiratory allergens. Among cases, concordance between self reported food allergies and food IgEs was 92% and 80% for controls (p-value 0.003) and the respective κ statistics were 0.28 for cases and 0.10 for controls. Concordance between self reported respiratory allergies and respiratory IgEs was 84% for cases and 81% for controls (p-value 0.57); κ statistics 0.09 for cases and 0.07 for controls. Conclusions: Much of the discordance among cases and controls (self-report false positives) might probably be a reflection of non allergic food hypersensitivity, an allergy that was surpassed or extended allergen avoidance. Other discordance (self-report false negatives) seems to be the result of food sensitization, either hypoclinical or not acknowledged as a type of allergy by mothers of the children. Nevertheless, these measurements jointly analyzed are valuable in exploring the stated hypothesis, especially in well designed prospective studies.
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4

Bayram, Ali, Nuray Bayar Muluk, and Cemal Cingi. "Allergic diseases in adolescents." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 12, no. 46 (April 1, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjr-2022-0009.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES. We reviewed the literature on allergic disorders during adolescence. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The Pubmed, Google, Google Scholar and Proquest Central databases were used with search terms: adolescent, teenager, allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergy. RESULTS. Children with a proven allergy have a risk for developing another allergic disorder that is 8-fold higher compared to normal and approaching 7-fold for asthma. The age at which allergy is diagnosed in childhood has a powerful bearing on whether allergic disorders or asthma develop in adolescence. Atopic response severity in a patient during childhood predicts the severity of allergic asthma as an adult. Patients may become asthmatic as adolescents, probably due to a late presentation of allergic disease, or as the presenting complaint for the triad of intrinsic asthma, nasal polyp formation and aspirin intolerance (so-called Samter triad). Allergic eczema (Atopic dermatitis) carries on into their adolescent years in between 10 and 20% of children. Food allergy (FA) is more frequently noted in childhood and adolescence than in adulthood. For the most part, symptoms were attributable to pollen-associated FA and of mild severity. Being hypersensitive to food for non-allergic reasons was rarer. CONCLUSION. Allergic rhinitis represents a significant risk factor for becoming asthmatic, whether in childhood, adolescence or adulthood. Atopic dermatitis and food allergy are also frequent conditions during adolescence. Pollen-associated FA constitutes an important part of the food allergy. Furthermore, food allergy may be the leading trigger for anaphylaxis. Common associations/comorbidities of atopic dermatitis reported are other atopic conditions such as food allergies, asthma and allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis.
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5

Hill, David J., and Clifford S. Hosking. "Preventing childhood allergy." Medical Journal of Australia 158, no. 6 (March 1993): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb121825.x.

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6

Burks, A. Wesley. "CHILDHOOD FOOD ALLERGY." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 19, no. 2 (May 1999): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8561(05)70095-3.

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7

Sicherer, Scott H. "Clinical Aspects of Gastrointestinal Food Allergy in Childhood." Pediatrics 111, Supplement_3 (June 1, 2003): 1609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.s3.1609.

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Gastrointestinal food allergies are a spectrum of disorders that result from adverse immune responses to dietary antigens. The named disorders include immediate gastrointestinal hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis), oral allergy syndrome, allergic eosinophilic esophagitis, gastritis, and gastroenterocolitis; dietary protein enterocolitis, proctitis, and enteropathy; and celiac disease. Additional disorders sometimes attributed to food allergy include colic, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation. The pediatrician faces several challenges in dealing with these disorders because diagnosis requires differentiating allergic disorders from many other causes of similar symptoms, and therapy requires identification of causal foods, application of therapeutic diets and/or medications, and monitoring for resolution of these disorders. This review catalogs the spectrum of gastrointestinal food allergies that affect children and provides a framework for a rational approach to diagnosis and management.
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8

Irwinda, Rima, Febriansyah Darus, and Peby Maulina. "The Role of Obstetrician in Reducing the Risks of Childhood Allergy Related to Cesarean Birth: A Literature Review." World Nutrition Journal 4, no. 1-2 (October 1, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v04.s2.0007.

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Women’s decision on birth mode should consider its risks and benefits, including long-term risks of caesarean among children. This study aims to present the current available evidences on the risks of caesarean towards childhood allergy and how an obstetrician could prevent this outcome through nutrition and education. We searched articles from several online databases about the link between caesarean, childhood allergy, and prenatal intervention. There were significant risks of childhood asthma and food allergy, but it was still unclear for allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Nutritional intervention could be done for pregnant women with consumption of probiotics and vitamin D supplementation. In addition, prenatal education is necessary to prepare better childhood outcomes.
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9

Dubakienė, Rūta, Vilija Rubinaitė, Malvina Petronytė, Indrė Dalgėdienė, Odilija Rudzevičienė, Dalia Dubakaitė, Palmira Rudalevičienė, and Aurelija Žvirblienė. "Investigation of markers of allergic sensitization and viral infections in children with allergy and asthma." Acta medica Lituanica 24, no. 3 (November 12, 2017): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v24i3.3548.

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Background. Allergic diseases are the most prevalent chronic diseases in the developed countries. It is believed that early allergic sensitization and respiratory viral infections play an important role in the development of allergic diseases and asthma. Methods. The current study investigated the correlation between asthma, allergy, and various markers – allergen-specific IgE, IgG4 and IgA, ECP, IgM, and IgG antibodies against respiratory viruses hRSV and hPIV1-4 – in blood serum samples from 80 children (mean age 5.2 years) recruited from the Lithuanian birth cohort. Children were divided into three groups according to their diagnosis: asthma (n = 25), allergy without asthma (n = 14), and control group (n = 41). Results. Based on retrospective data, airway infections and bronchitis by the age of two years were associated with asthma in later childhood. The presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against hRSV and hPIV1–4 at the age of five years were not associated with asthma and allergy: a high rate of persistent or past respiratory viral infections was revealed in all three groups. Among allergic children, increased levels of allergen-specific IgE and d1-specific IgG4 were determined. Conclusion. The current study provides new insights into the relationships between allergic sensitization and respiratory virus infections in children.
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10

Lee, Khui Hung, Jing Guo, Yong Song, Amir Ariff, Michael O’Sullivan, Belinda Hales, Benjamin J. Mullins, and Guicheng Zhang. "Dysfunctional Gut Microbiome Networks in Childhood IgE-Mediated Food Allergy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042079.

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The development of food allergy has been reported to be related with the changes in the gut microbiome, however the specific microbe associated with the pathogenesis of food allergy remains elusive. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiome and identify individual or group gut microbes relating to food-allergy using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with network analysis. Faecal samples were collected from children with IgE-mediated food allergies (n = 33) and without food allergy (n = 27). Gut microbiome was profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. OTUs obtained from 16S rRNA gene sequencing were then used to construct a co-abundance network using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and mapped onto Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. We identified a co-abundance network module to be positively correlated with IgE-mediated food allergy and this module was characterized by a hub taxon, namely Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 (phylum Firmicutes). Functional pathway analysis of all the gut microbiome showed enrichment of methane metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism in the gut microbiome of food-allergic children and enrichment of ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis in the gut microbiome of non-food allergic children. We concluded that Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 may play determinant roles in gut microbial community structure and function leading to the development of IgE-mediated food allergy.
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11

Prucha, Hanna, Wenchieh Chen, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Antonia Todorova, Cezmi Akdis, Roger Lauener, and Johannes Ring. "Atopic eczema and allergies: Practical relevance for diagnostic work-up." Community Based Medical Journal 2, no. 2 (October 28, 2013): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i2.16693.

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Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic relapsing skin disease mostly starting in childhood and often associated with allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. In the etiopathophysiology of atopic eczema skin barrier disturbance and immune deviation with a predominant Th2 response and IgE production are central. Allergy tests belong to the diagnostic work-up of AE patients, first in order to differentiate between the “extrinsic” (IgE-associated) from the “intrinsic” (non-IgE-associated) form of the disease. Essntially allergy tests are mandatory in order to find individual provocation factors for exacerbation or maintenance of eczema. These allergy tests include skin prick test (SPT), radio-allergo-sorbent test (RAST) for specific IgE antibodies against common allergens and APT. Since numerous AE patients suffer from contact allergy, therefore classical patch testing is mandatory. Although SPT and RAST have a quite high sensitivity, but the specificity of APT is much higher; revealing the fact that by APT the relevance of a certain allergen for the actual skin disease can be confidently evaluated. In suspected food allergy the gold standard is still double-blind placebo-controlled oral provocation test which should be performed in a symptom-free period after an individual elimination diet and under emergency conditions, since anaphylactic reactions may occur in AE patients. In the long-term management of AE patients educational programs “eczema school” have proved to be helpful. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i2.16693 Community Based Medical Journal 2013 July: Vol.02 No 02: 15-24
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12

Logan, Kirsty, George Du Toit, Mattia Giovannini, Victor Turcanu, and Gideon Lack. "Pediatric Allergic Diseases, Food Allergy, and Oral Tolerance." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 36, no. 1 (October 6, 2020): 511–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125346.

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Pediatric allergic disease is a significant health concern worldwide, and the prevalence of childhood eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy continues to increase. Evidence to support specific interventions for the prevention of eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis is limited, and no consensus on prevention strategies has been reached. Randomized controlled trials investigating the prevention of food allergy via oral tolerance induction and the early introduction of allergenic foods have been successful in reducing peanut and egg allergy prevalence. Infant weaning guidelines in the United Sates were recently amended to actively encourage the introduction of peanut for prevention of peanut allergy.
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13

Sin, E., and M. Frieri. "P20: LINK: ALLERGIC RHINITIS, ASTHMA & SLE." Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, no. 3 (February 25, 2016): 824.3–825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000080.60.

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Purpose of StudyThe purpose of this study is to describe a link with allergic rhinitis, asthma and SLE..Allergy and autoimmunity results from this dysregulation. Allergens leads to i inflammation of mast cells via IgE-allergen and immune complexes linked with SLE. Type I allergy, Th2-driven disease based on IgE recognition of environmental allergens occurs in allergic rhinitis and asthma.Methods UsedA described case report in a 49 year old Hispanic man with a history of SLE, diagnosed with Raynaud's, childhood asthma,, mental retardation, depression, pancreatitis and referred for a generalized rash for many years, unrelieved by albuterol steroid creams, sneezing, and nasal congestion.Summary of ResultsType I and, Th2 allergy, environmental allergens occurs in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Autoimmunity and environmental stresses contribute to both allergic and autoimmune diseases. SLE is a conditione due to interactions between genes, environment, and abnormalities of the adaptive immunity. T cells, polyclonal B cell activation, hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies and immune complexes. Asthma and autoimmune disease are associated with increased incidence of ANA's suggesting the disease may have an autoimmune basis.Our case describes a 49 year old man with SLE, diagnosed with Raynaud's, childhood asthma,, mental retardation, depression, pancreatitis and referred for a generalized rash sneezing, and nasal congestion,. Physical exam revealed normal vitals, bald head, diffuse facial skin freckles erythematous nasal turbinates,dermatitis of the lower extremity, normal cardiac finding, no wheezing or Raynaud's,.+ abdominal tenderness, sIgE testing was performed for allergic rhinitis.ConclusionsThis interesting case illustrates a clear link with symptoms of allergic rhinitis, asthma and SLE.Abstract P20 Figure 1Autoallergy in Atopic Dermatitis
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14

Phelan, Peter D. "Childhood asthma and allergy." Medical Journal of Australia 163, no. 1 (July 1995): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126075.x.

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15

Clark, A. T. "Food allergy in childhood." Archives of Disease in Childhood 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.1.79.

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Colver, A. F. "Food allergy in childhood." Archives of Disease in Childhood 88, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 742—a—743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.8.742-a.

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Warner, J. O. "Allergy in childhood asthma." Allergy 43, s8 (January 1988): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb02445.x.

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18

Pascual, Cristina Y., Marta Reche, Ana Fiandor, Teresa Valbuena, Teresa Cuevas, and Manuel Martin Esteban. "Fish allergy in childhood." Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 19, no. 7 (October 20, 2008): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2008.00822.x.

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19

Kemp, A. S. "Allergy and Childhood Headaches." Cephalalgia 9, no. 10_suppl (October 1989): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102489009s1004.

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20

Gupta, Ruchi S. "Childhood Food Allergy Update." Pediatric Clinics of North America 62, no. 6 (December 2015): xvii—xviii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2015.09.004.

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Clark, A. T. "Food allergy in childhood." Archives of Disease in Childhood 89, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2003.032193.

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22

Demissie, Kitaw, Pierre Ernst, and Margaret R. Becklake. "Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Atopy." Canadian Respiratory Journal 3, no. 1 (1996): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/695942.

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BACKGROUND:Variation in the prevalence of allergic disorders among socioeconomic groups could be due either to differences in the type of allergens encountered or to actual differences in susceptibility to sensitization to any particular antigen.OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship of skin test positivity to inhaled aeroallergens and socioeconomic status (SES).METHODS:A total of 989 Montreal elementary school children were studied. A short questionnaire was completed by parents, and the children performed spirometry before and after a free-running exercise challenge. A subsample of 309 children underwent allergy skin prick tests to common inhaled aeroallergens. SES was established using parental occupation.RESULTS:Higher social class was associated with an increased likelihood of having positive skin tests to cat and trees, while there was a trend towards an inverse relationship between SES and skin test sensitivity to cockroach and moulds. Reported history of asthma, hay fever or eczema were unrelated to SES.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study suggest differences in levels of exposure to different allergens by social class. From the public health point of view, community-based allergen avoidance measures need to be adapted to social class.
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Tsuge, Mitsuru, Masanori Ikeda, Naomi Matsumoto, Takashi Yorifuji, and Hirokazu Tsukahara. "Current Insights into Atopic March." Children 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8111067.

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The incidence of allergic diseases is increasing, and research on their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and the prevention of onset is urgently needed. The onset of allergic disease begins in infancy with atopic dermatitis and food allergy and develops into allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood; the process is defined as “atopic march”. Atopic march is caused by multiple immunological pathways, including allergen exposure, environmental pollutants, skin barrier dysfunction, type 2 inflammation, and oxidative stress, which promote the progression of atopic march. Using recent evidence, herein, we explain the involvement of allergic inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress in the process of atopic march, its epidemiology, and methods for prevention of onset.
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Tsikhan, Natallia, and Mikhail Belevtsev. "Oral tolerance induction and food allergy prevention." Journal of Medical Science 88, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/jms.378.

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This review aims to provide an overview of the issue of oral tolerance induction in early childhood and allergy manifestation. We discuss changes in epidemiology of allergic diseases that have occurred over the last decades in the context of current knowledge about environmental factors affecting prevalence of these diseases. Also this article presents current data about causes of "hygiene hypothesis" expansion to "microflora hypothesis" as well as an immunological background of this process; describes how immune factors of cord blood and breast milk, maternal and infant’s elimination diet, timing a solid food intake impact on immune system development and tolerance induction in early childhood. Current knowledge on issues of tolerance induction and allergy should induce update of allergy prevention recommendations in the nearest future.
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Sicherer, Scott H., Anne Muñoz-Furlong, Ramon Murphy, Robert A. Wood, and Hugh A. Sampson. "Symposium: Pediatric Food Allergy." Pediatrics 111, Supplement_3 (June 1, 2003): 1591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.s3.1591.

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Food allergy seems to be increasing in prevalence,1 significantly decreases the quality of life for patients and their families,2 and has become a common diagnostic and management issue for the pediatrician.3 Studies now a decade old showed that 6% to 8% of children younger than 3 years experience documented adverse reactions to foods. Several studies have defined the prevalence of allergy to specific foods in childhood. Population-based studies document a prevalence of cow milk allergy in 1.9% to 3.2% of infants and young children,4 egg allergy5–7 in 2.6% of children by age 2.5 years,8 and peanut allergy in 0.4% to 0.6% of those younger than 18 years.9,10 Overall, the typical allergens of infancy and early childhood are egg, milk, peanut, wheat, and soy, whereas allergens that are responsible for severe reactions in older children and adults are primarily caused by peanut, tree nuts, and seafood. Allergy to fruits and vegetables are prominent but usually not severe.11–13 For diagnostic purposes, it is instructive to consider the prevalence of food allergy as a cause of specific disorders. For example, food allergy accounts for 20% of acute urticaria,14,15 is present in 37% of children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis16,17 and approximately 5% with atopic asthma,18 and is the most frequent cause of anaphylaxis outside the hospital setting.19–22
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Zainal, N. H. M., R. Abas, and S. F. Mohamad Asri. "Childhood Allergy Disease, Early Diagnosis, and the Potential of Salivary Protein Biomarkers." Mediators of Inflammation 2021 (October 8, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9198249.

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Allergic disease has risen to epidemic proportions since the last decade and is among the most common noncommunicable, chronic diseases in children and adolescents worldwide. Allergic disease usually occurs in early life; thus, early biomarkers of allergic susceptibility are required for preventive measures to high-risk infants which enable early interventions to decrease allergic severity. However, to date, there is no reliable general or specific allergy phenotype detection method that is easy and noninvasive for children. Most reported allergic phenotype detection methods are invasive, such as the skin prick test (SPT), oral food challenge (OFC), and blood test, and many involve not readily accessible biological samples, such as cord blood (CB), maternal blood, or newborn vernix. Saliva is a biological sample that has great potential as a biomarker measurement as it consists of an abundance of biomarkers, such as genetic material and proteins. It is easily accessible, noninvasive, collected via a painless procedure, and an easy bedside screening for real-time measurement of the ongoing human physiological system. All these advantages emphasise saliva as a very promising diagnostic candidate for the detection and monitoring of disease biomarkers, especially in children. Furthermore, protein biomarkers have the advantages as modifiable influencing factors rather than genetic and epigenetic factors that are mostly nonmodifiable factors for allergic disease susceptibility in childhood. Saliva has great potential to replace serum as a biological fluid biomarker in diagnosing clinical allergy. However, to date, saliva is not considered as an established medically acceptable biomarker. This review considers whether the saliva could be suitable biological samples for early detection of allergic risk. Such tools may be used as justification for targeted interventions in early childhood for disease prevention and assisting in reducing morbidity and mortality caused by childhood allergy.
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Hildebrand, Hailey, Elinor Simons, Anita L. Kozyrskyj, Allan B. Becker, and Jennifer L. P. Protudjer. "Calcium Intake in Children with Eczema and/or Food Allergy: A Prospective Cohort Study." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11123039.

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Eczema and food allergy may impact diet. Using data from a cohort of Manitoba children born in 1995, we examined calcium intake, defined as the frequency and quality of calcium products consumed (with the exception of cheese), amongst Manitoba adolescents (12–14 years) with eczema or food allergy in childhood (7–8 years) or adolescence. At both ages, children were assessed by a physician for eczema and food allergy. Adolescents completed food frequency questionnaires. Calcium intake was defined as 1+ vs. <1 weekly. Linear and logistic regression was used as appropriate, with adjustments for confounders. Overall, 468 adolescents were included, of whom 62 (13.3%) had eczema only in childhood, 25 (5.3%) had food allergy only, and 26 (5.6%) had eczema and food allergy. Compared to children without eczema, those with eczema only had poorer calcium intake in adolescence (β −0.44; 95%CI −0.96; 0.00). Girls, but not boys, with eczema in childhood had poorer calcium intake in adolescence than girls without eczema (β −0.84; 95%CI −1.60; −0.08). These patterns persisted even if children experienced transient vs. persistent eczema to adolescence. Similar but non-significant trends were found for food allergy. Childhood eczema is associated with significantly lower calcium intake and consumption in adolescence. These differences persist to adolescence, even if a child “outgrows” their allergic condition.
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Sicherer, S. H., and R. A. Wood. "Allergy Testing in Childhood: Using Allergen-Specific IgE Tests." PEDIATRICS 129, no. 1 (December 26, 2011): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2382.

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Korematsu, Seigo, Tatsuro Izumi, Miki Inuzuka, Tomomi Kawano, Ritsuko Sone, and Miwako Tounou. "DOES THE CHILDHOOD ALLERGY DEVELOP THE ADULTHOOD ALLERGY?" Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology 12, no. 1 (1998): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3388/jspaci.12.1.

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Grieger, Jessica A., Anita M. Pelecanos, Cameron Hurst, Andrew Tai, and Vicki L. Clifton. "Pre-Conception Maternal Food Intake and the Association with Childhood Allergies." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 1851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081851.

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Background: Periconceptional nutrition may have an important function in programming the immune function and allergies, however, there is a lack of studies assessing pre-conception food intake and childhood allergic disorders. The aim of the current study was to identify maternal pre-conception dietary components that may be associated with allergic disorders in children up to 3 years of age. Methods: Pregnant women attending their first antenatal visit and who were aged >18 years were invited to participate. Pre-conception food frequency data was retrospectively collected at 18 weeks’ gestation. Childhood eczema, current wheeze, and rhinitis was assessed at 36 months of age using a questionnaire and doctor diagnosis (n = 234). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to explore the combination of dietary food components that best discriminated between allergy status in children. Results: Maternal pre-conception food intake such as low and high fat dairy, fresh fruit, unsaturated spreads, and take-away foods, were protective for any allergy assessed. Non-oily fish was protective for eczema and current wheeze; saturated spreads (e.g., butter) was protective for eczema, current wheeze, and rhinitis; poultry and fruit juice were adversely associated with each allergy. Conclusions: Pre-conception food intakes demonstrate inconsistent and somewhat contrary relationships to the development of child allergies. Whether and how maternal food intake impacts the underlying fetal programming and the mechanisms of childhood allergy warrants further investigation.
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Volkova, N. A., and E. K. Beltyukov. "Prevalence of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis in children in Lesnoy area of Sverdlovsk region." Russian Journal of Allergy 9, no. 3 (December 15, 2012): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja685.

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A research of prevalence of allergic diseases in children from 0 to 6 years has been carried out using a standardized program «International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood» (ISAAC) in town Lesnoy in 2010. Background. To define the prevalence and structure of atopic diseases in different age groups in children of preschool age in town Lesnoy. Methods. Standardized program «International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood» (ISAAC). Results. Formation of atopic march is defined, in early age — atopic dermatitis and later respiratory form of allergy. Conclusion. Treatment of atopic dermatitis as risk factor of further development of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma can promote preventive maintenance of respiratory forms of allergy in children of younger age.
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Low, J. S. Y., S. E. Soh, Y. K. Lee, K. Y. C. Kwek, J. D. Holbrook, E. M. Van der Beek, L. P. Shek, et al. "Ratio of Klebsiella/Bifidobacterium in early life correlates with later development of paediatric allergy." Beneficial Microbes 8, no. 5 (October 13, 2017): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2017.0020.

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Several studies have reported that intestinal microbial colonisation patterns differ between non-allergic and allergic infants. However, the microbial signature underlying the pathogenesis of allergies remains unclear. We aim to gain insight into the development of the intestinal microbiota of healthy infants and infants who develop allergy in early life, and identify potential microbiota biomarkers of later allergic disease. Using a case-control design in a Chinese sub-cohort of a Singaporean birth cohort (GUSTO), we utilised 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess intestinal microbial composition and diversity of 21 allergic and 18 healthy infants at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months of age, and correlated the microbiota with allergy at ages 18 and 36 months. Pronounced differences in intestinal microbiota composition between allergic and healthy infants were observed at 3 months of age. The intestine of healthy infants was colonised with higher abundance of commensal Bifidobacterium. Conversely, Klebsiella, an opportunistic pathogen, was significantly enriched in the allergic infants. Interestingly, infants with a high Klebsiella/Bifidobacterium (K/B) ratio (above the population median K/B ratio) at age 3 months had an odds ratio of developing allergy by 3 years of age of 9.00 (95% confidence interval 1.46-55.50) compared to those with low K/B ratio. This study demonstrated a relationship between the ratio of genera Klebsiella and Bifidobacterium during early infancy and development of paediatric allergy in childhood. Our study postulates that an elevated K/B ratio in early infancy could be a potential indicator of an increased risk of allergy development. This line of research might enable future intervention strategies in early life to prevent or treat allergy. Our study provides new insights into microbial signatures associated with childhood allergy, in particular, suggests that an elevated K/B ratio could be a potential early-life microbiota biomarker of allergic disease.
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Kamaltynova, Ye M., I. A. Deyev, and Ye G. Belonogova. "Comparative epidemiological characteristics of bronchial asthma according to data of International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC)." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 8, no. 4 (August 28, 2009): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2009-4-92-97.

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The review includes information about the asthma epidemiology among childhood and methods of researches. The data investigation project International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood — ISAAC showed the asthma and allergic diseases in Word. The ISAAC results (Phase One and Phase Three) were revealing the differences in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma between the countries.
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34

Best, Karen P., Tim J. Green, Dian C. Sulistyoningrum, Thomas R. Sullivan, Susanne Aufreiter, Susan L. Prescott, Maria Makrides, Monika Skubisz, Deborah L. O'Connor, and Debra J. Palmer. "Maternal Late-Pregnancy Serum Unmetabolized Folic Acid Concentrations Are Not Associated with Infant Allergic Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Nutrition 151, no. 6 (April 13, 2021): 1553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab040.

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ABSTRACT Background The increase in childhood allergic disease in recent decades has coincided with increased folic acid intakes during pregnancy. Circulating unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) has been proposed as a biomarker of excessive folic acid intake. Objective We aimed to determine if late-pregnancy serum UMFA and total folate concentrations were associated with allergic disease risk in the offspring at 1 y of age in a population at high risk of allergy. Methods The cohort consisted of 561 mother–infant pairs from Western Australia. To be eligible the infant had to have a first-degree relative (mother, father, or sibling) with a history of medically diagnosed allergic disease. Maternal venous blood was collected between 36 and 40 wk of gestation. Serum UMFA was measured by LC–tandem MS. Serum total folate was determined using a microbiological method with chloramphenicol-resistant Lactobacillus rhamnosus as the test organism, and was collected between 36 and 40 wk of gestation. UMFA concentrations were measured by tandem MS using stable isotope dilution; folate concentrations were determined using the microbiological method with standardized kits. Infant allergic disease outcomes of medically diagnosed eczema, steroid-treated eczema, atopic eczema, IgE-mediated food allergy, allergen sensitization, and medically diagnosed wheeze were assessed at 1 y of age. Results Median (IQR) concentrations for UMFA and serum folate were 1.6 (0.6–4.7) and 53.2 (32.6–74.5) nmol/L, respectively. Of the infants, 34.6% had medically diagnosed eczema, 26.4% allergen sensitization, and 14.9% had an IgE-mediated food allergy. In both adjusted and unadjusted models there was little evidence of association between UMFA or serum folate and any of the infant allergy outcomes. Conclusions In this cohort of children at high risk of allergic disease there was no association between maternal UMFA or serum folate concentrations measured in late pregnancy and allergic disease outcomes at 1 y of age.
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Allen, Katrina J., David J. Hill, and Ralf G. Heine. "4. Food allergy in childhood." Medical Journal of Australia 185, no. 7 (October 2006): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00618.x.

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36

Twarog, Frank J. "Food-Induced Allergy In Childhood." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 19, no. 4 (July 1, 1998): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/108854198778557827.

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Dyer, Ashley A., Victoria Rivkina, Dhivya Perumal, Brandon M. Smeltzer, Bridget M. Smith, and Ruchi S. Gupta. "Epidemiology of childhood peanut allergy." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2015.36.3819.

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Kim, Edwin H., and Wesley Burks. "Managing food allergy in childhood." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 24, no. 5 (October 2012): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mop.0b013e32835741e3.

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Dyer, Ashley A., and Ruchi Gupta. "Epidemiology of Childhood Food Allergy." Pediatric Annals 42, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): e101-e105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00904481-20130522-08.

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Spergel, Jonathan M., Janet L. Beausoleil, and Nicholas A. Pawlowski. "Resolution of childhood peanut allergy." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 85, no. 6 (December 2000): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62574-4.

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Wan, Ming Wai, Molly Janta-Lipinski, and Cemre Su Osam. "Childhood Allergies: The Role of Maternal Depression and Anxiety, and Family Strain." Children 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030185.

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Maternal mental disorder and a negative family emotional climate are a great source of stress for many children, yet their role in the childhood development or expression of asthma and allergies remains poorly understood, particularly beyond the first 1–2 years of life. The current study tested whether childhood allergy onset and symptomatology would be predicted by (1) perinatal and any time exposure to maternal depression or anxiety and (2) current family emotional strain (whole family, mother-child). UK mothers of children aged 2–12 years (N = 328) living with them completed an online survey of measures. Children exposed to maternal depression were almost twice as likely to be diagnosed and almost five times as likely to screen positive for an allergic disorder. Perinatal depression was linked to childhood allergies, but more moderately. Any anxiety exposure, and not specific to the perinatal period, predicted allergy status. Family emotional strain contributed independently to variance in concurrent child allergic symptomatology. All results were independent of potential confounders and current mental distress. The findings highlight the importance of maternal mental health and family function in the child’s neuro-immune development, and that these factors need to be addressed in the treatment of childhood allergic disorders.
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42

Rueter, Kristina, Anderson P. Jones, Aris Siafarikas, Ee-Mun Lim, Susan L. Prescott, and Debra J. Palmer. "In “High-Risk” Infants with Sufficient Vitamin D Status at Birth, Infant Vitamin D Supplementation Had No Effect on Allergy Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061747.

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Lower vitamin D status at birth and during infancy has been associated with increased incidence of eczema and food allergies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early infancy vitamin D supplementation on allergic disease outcomes in infants at “hereditary risk” of allergic disease, but who had sufficient vitamin D levels at birth. Here, we report the early childhood follow-up to 2.5 years of age of “high-risk” infants who participated in a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. For inclusion in this trial, late gestation (36–40 weeks) maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels needed to be ≥50 nmol/L. Infants were randomized to either oral vitamin D supplementation of 400 IU/day (n = 97) or a placebo (n = 98) for the first six months of life. Vitamin D levels and allergic disease outcomes were followed up. There were no statistically significant differences in incidence of any medically diagnosed allergic disease outcomes or allergen sensitization rates between the vitamin D-supplemented and placebo groups at either 1 year or at 2.5 years of age. In conclusion, for “allergy high-risk” infants who had sufficient vitamin D status at birth, early infancy oral vitamin D supplementation does not appear to reduce the development of early childhood allergic disease.
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Balatsouras, Dimitrios G., George Koukoutsis, Panayotis Ganelis, Alexandros Fassolis, George S. Korres, and Antonis Kaberos. "Study of Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/487532.

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Allergic rhinitis is common among children and quite often represents a stage of the atopic march. Although sensitization to food and airborne allergens may appear in infancy and early childhood, symptoms of the disease are usually present after age 3. The aim of this study was to determine the most frequent food and indoor and outdoor respiratory allergens involved in allergic rhinitis in children in the region of Piraeus. The study was performed in the outpatient clinic of otolaryngologic allergy of a general hospital. Fifty children (ranged 6–14 ) with symptoms of allergic rhinitis and positive radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for IgE antibodies or skin prick tests were included in the study. Thirty six (72%) of the subjects of the study had intermittent allergic rhinitis. The most common aeroallergens determined were grass pollens and Parietaria, whereas egg and milk were the food allergens identified. The detection of indoor and outdoor allergens in the region of Piraeus, based on skin prick tests and RAST tests, showed high incidence of grasses and food allergens, which is similar to other Mediterranean countries.
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Melike YILDIZ and Gülcan ARUSOĞLU. "Food Allergy Prevention and Management in Children." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 080–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2021.3.2.0079.

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Food allergy is a reaction mediated by immunological mechanisms that cause various symptoms in susceptible individuals while harmless in individuals who are not sensitive to the specific allergen. The reactions that take place are divided into three: IgE-mediated reactions, non-IgE-mediated reactions, and mixed-type reactions. While many types of food have the potential to cause allergen reactions, fewer foods are responsible for the most clinically severe reactions and for the majority of reported cases. Food allergy, which is increasingly common worldwide, is becoming an important public health problem. Although there are no clear epidemiological data, the prevalence of food allergy varies between 6-10% in preschool children and decreases to 2-5% in adulthood. Food allergy has long been recognized as a pediatric disease, as most cases tend to begin in childhood and disappear with growth. There is increasing evidence to support the role of early administration of potential food allergens to prevent food allergy. The management process of food allergy cases includes plans and innovative treatment strategies aimed at a personalized approach.
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Mastrorilli, Carla, Fabio Cardinale, Arianna Giannetti, and Carlo Caffarelli. "Pollen-Food Allergy Syndrome: A not so Rare Disease in Childhood." Medicina 55, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100641.

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Seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) affects millions of people worldwide, particularly in childhood and adolescence. Pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is a common adverse reaction occurring few minutes after the consumption of vegetable foods in patients with pollen-induced SAR. PFAS has rarely been investigated in the pediatric population, as it has been mainly examined as an adult disease. Recent studies suggested that PFAS might be more frequent in childhood than previously recognized. The present review aims to give an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and prognosis of PFAS in children with SAR-induced by pollens.
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Vassilopoulou, Emilia, Elisabeth Vardaka, Dimitris Efthymiou, and Constantinos Pitsios. "Early life triggers for food allergy, that in turn impacts dietary habits in childhood." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i3.181.

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Introduction and objectives: In order to investigate food allergy’s prevalence, risk factors and eating behavior of children with relevant anamnesis, a study was performed in Cypriot primary schools.Patients: A specially composed questionnaire for self-reported adverse reactions to food, cre-ated in the context of the EuroPrevall study, was distributed in 13 representative primary schools across the country. Participants were sub-grouped into three groups; healthy (H), those with unconfirmed food hypersensitivity reactions (FA−) and children with a confirmed diagnosis by a physician IgE-mediated food allergy (FA+). Food habits, family health history and lifestyle factors were assessed and groups’ outcomes were compared with each other.Results: For the study, 202 questionnaires were completed and returned; 31 children (19 FA-and 12 FA+) reported an adverse food reaction. Significant risk factors for developing FA+ were being the first born or having siblings with asthma, attended a day nursery, but also maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy, parental smoking and parental occupation in food processing or use of latex gloves. The presence of children in the kitchen during cooking showed a protective role. Dietary habits of FA+ children were significantly diminished in terms of variety and frequency of consumption in comparison to the rest, in which had a greater overlap. Conclusion: Further research is required for the interesting risk or protective factors revealing from the current investigation. The negative effect of food allergy in the dietary habits of food allergic children documented in the literature, is strongly supported herein.
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Sastra, Soewira, Lily Irsa, Muhammad Sjabaroeddin Loebis, and Rita Evalina. "Number of siblings and allergic rhinitis in children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 56, no. 1 (May 12, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi56.1.2016.1-7.

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Background Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Recent studies have suggested that having fewer siblings was associated with allergic rhinitis and atopic diseases in children. Previous studies also indicated that older siblings was associated with higher incidence of allergic rhinitis.Objectives To assess for a possible association between number of siblings and allergic rhinitis and to assess for an effect of birth order on allergic rhinitis in children.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study among school children aged 7 to 15 years, in the West Medan District from July to August 2011. Children with moderate or high risk of allergy were included. Subjects were divided into two groups, those with <3 siblings or ≥3 siblings. Children with acute respiratory tract infections, septal deviation, choanal atresia, nasal polyps, nasal tumors, or nasal foreign body were excluded. Risk of allergy was determined using the Indonesian Pediatrics Allergy Immunology Working Group trace card scoring system. Identification of allergic rhinitis and evaluation of its severity were done by use of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core questionnaire. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed based on history, physical examination, and anterior rhinoscopy.Results A total of 78 subjects were enrolled. Allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in children with <3 siblings than those with ≥3 siblings (OR 10.33; 95%CI 3.569 to 29.916). Furthermore, allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in first-born children than in their younger siblings (P=0.0001).Conclusion Larger number of siblings and non-first-born children are associated with lower incidence of allergic rhinitis in children.
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Woon, Fui Chee, Yit Siew Chin, Intan Hakimah Ismail, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Marijka Batterham, and Yoke Mun Chan. "Maternal Vitamin D Levels during Late Pregnancy and Risk of Allergic Diseases and Sensitization during the First Year of Life—A Birth Cohort Study." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (August 12, 2020): 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082418.

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Allergic diseases are the most common chronic illness in childhood. Findings from developed countries have reported associations between Vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring allergy risk. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the associations between maternal Vitamin D levels during late pregnancy and allergic diseases in Malaysian infants during the first year of life. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 380 pregnant women in the third trimester were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Children’s allergic outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months based on parental reports. Specific IgE antibodies against food and inhalant allergens were measured in infants at 12 months of age. A total of 43.2% pregnant women were Vitamin D deficient (<30 nmol/L) and 56.8% were nondeficient (≥30 nmol/L). A total of 27.6% of the infants had eczema, 6.1% had wheeze, 27.4% had food sensitization, 10.8% had inhalant allergen sensitization, and 3.8% had IgE-mediated food allergy during the first year of life. Compared with the nondeficient group, maternal Vitamin D deficiency in late pregnancy was not associated with any allergic outcomes after adjustment for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, the present study does not support an association between maternal Vitamin D levels in late pregnancy and allergic outcomes during the first year of life.
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del Giudice, Michele Miraglia, Salvatore Leonardi, Nunzia Maiello, and Francesco Paolo Brunese. "Food Allergy and Probiotics in Childhood." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 44 (September 2010): S22—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e3181e102a7.

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Tey, Dean, and Ralf G. Heine. "Egg allergy in childhood: an update." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 9, no. 3 (June 2009): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e32832b1f00.

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