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Journal articles on the topic 'Childbirth'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Raymondville, Maxi, Carly A. Rodriguez, Aaron Richterman, Gregory Jerome, Arlene Katz, Hannah Gilbert, Gregory Anderson, Jean Paul Joseph, Molly F. Franke, and Louise C. Ivers. "Barriers and facilitators influencing facility-based childbirth in rural Haiti: a mixed method study with a convergent design." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 8 (August 2020): e002526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002526.

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IntroductionHaiti has the highest maternal mortality rate in the Western Hemisphere. Facility-based childbirth is promoted as the standard of care for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. We conducted a convergent, mixed methods study to assess barriers and facilitators to facility-based childbirth at Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais (HUM) in Mirebalais, Haiti.MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of a prospective cohort of pregnant women seeking antenatal care at HUM and quantitatively assessed predictors of not having a facility-based childbirth at HUM. We prospectively enrolled 30 pregnant women and interviewed them about their experiences delivering at home or at HUM.ResultsOf 1105 pregnant women seeking antenatal care at the hospital between May and December 2017, 773 (70%) returned to the hospital for facility-based childbirth. In multivariable analyses, living farther from the hospital (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.73; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.96), poverty (AOR=0.93; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) and household hunger (AOR=0.45; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.79) were associated with not having a facility-based childbirth. Primigravid women were more likely to have a facility-based childbirth (AOR=1.34, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.76). Qualitative data provided insight into the value women place on traditional birth attendants (‘matrons’) during home-based childbirths. While women perceived facility-based childbirths as better equipped to handle birth complications, barriers such as distance, costs of transportation and supplies, discomfort of facility birthing practices and mistreatment by medical staff resulted in negative perceptions of facility-based childbirths.ConclusionPregnant women in rural Haiti must overcome substantial structural barriers and forfeit valued support from traditional birth attendants when they pursue facility-based childbirths. If traditional birth attendants could be involved in care alongside midwives at facilities, women may be more inclined to deliver there. While complex structural barriers remain, the inclusion of matrons at facilities may increase uptake of facility-based childbirths, and ultimately improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

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Wang, Mo, Krisztina D. László, Pia Svedberg, Lotta Nylén, and Kristina Alexanderson. "Childbirth, morbidity, sickness absence and disability pension: a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Sweden." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e037726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037726.

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ObjectiveTo investigate associations of morbidity with subsequent sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) among initially nulliparous women with no, one or several childbirths during follow-up.DesignLongitudinal register-based cohort study.SettingSweden.ParticipantsNulliparous women, aged 18 to 39 years and living in Sweden on 31 December 2004 and the three preceding years (n=492 504).Outcome measuresAnnual mean DP and SA days (in SA spells >14 days) in the 3 years before and after inclusion date in 2005.MethodsWomen were categorised into three groups: no childbirth in 2005 nor during the follow-up, first childbirth in 2005 but not during follow-up, and having first childbirth in 2005 and at least one more during follow-up. Microdata were obtained for 3 years before and 3 years after inclusion regarding SA, DP, mortality and morbidity (ie, hospitalisation and specialised outpatient healthcare, also excluding healthcare for pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium). HRs and 95% CIs for SA and DP in year 2 and 3 after childbirth were estimated by Cox regression; excluding those on DP at inclusion.ResultsAfter controlling for study participants’ prior morbidity and sociodemographic characteristics, women with one childbirth had a lower risk of SA and DP than those who remained nulliparous, while women with more than one childbirth had the lowest DP risk. Morbidity after inclusion that was not related to pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium was associated with a higher risk of future SA and DP, regardless of childbirth group. Furthermore, morbidity both before and after childbirth showed a strong association with SA and DP (HR range: 2.54 to 13.12).ConclusionWe found a strong positive association between morbidity and both SA and DP among women, regardless of childbirth status. Those who gave birth had lower future SA and DP risk than those who did not.

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SANFELICE, Clara Fróes de Oliveira, and Antonieta Keiko Kakuda SHIMO. "Home childbirth: progress or retrocession?" Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem 35, no. 1 (March 2014): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2014.01.41356.

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Giving birth at home represents a rising modality of delivery care in the Brazilian society, although in unrepresentative proportion when compared to the number of hospital childbirths. In Brazil, the topic has been broadly discussed by different professional categories, highlighting the safety issue involved in the process. The aim of this theoretical and reflective study was to present a brief overview of the overall care related to home childbirth, also questioning the reality of the contemporary Brazilian obstetric scenario. The scientific literature presents both obstetric and neonatal outcomes as favorable to home childbirth; similar risks when compared to hospital childbirth and higher rates of maternal satisfaction, and these both factors justify its practice. Therefore, a movement of women who are deeply unhappy with the current model of obstetric care is currently observed and they have been opting for home childbirth as a response to institutional violence, fragmentation and depersonalization of hospital care.

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Matute, Susana Eulalia Dueñas, Edson Zangiacomi Martinez, and Eduardo Antônio Donadi. "Intercultural Childbirth: Impact on the Maternal Health of the Ecuadorian Kichwa and Mestizo People of the Otavalo Region." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 43, no. 01 (January 2021): 014–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721353.

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Abstract Objective Considering the increased frequency of maternal deaths reported from 2001 to 2005 for Indigenous and mestizo women from the Ecuadorian rural area of Otavalo, where the Kichwa people has lived for centuries, the objective of the present article is to describe how the efforts of the local health community and hospital workers together with a propitious political environment facilitated the implementation of intercultural childbirth, which is a strategy that respects the Andean childbirth worldview. Methods We evaluated a 3-year follow-up (2014–16) of the maternal mortality and the childbirth features (4,213 deliveries). Results Although the Western-style (lying down position) childbirth was adopted by 80.6% of the pregnant women, 19.4% of both mestizo and Indigenous women adopted the intercultural delivery (squatting and kneeling positions). Both intercultural (42.2%) and Western-style (57.8%) childbirths were similarly adopted by Kichwa women, whereas Western-style childbirth predominated among mestizo women (94.0%). After the implementation of the intercultural strategy in 2008, a dramatic decrease of maternal deaths has been observed until now in both rural and urban Otavalo regions. Conclusion This scenario reveals that the intermingling of cultures and respect for childbirth traditions have decreased maternal mortality in this World Health Organization-awarded program.

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Torpy, Janet M. "Childbirth." JAMA 293, no. 17 (May 4, 2005): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.17.2180.

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GÜDEN, Emel. "EFFECT OF ONLINE CHILDBIRTH PREPARATION TRAINING ON CHILDBIRTH FEAR AND CHILDBIRTH." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, HUMANITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 7, no. 44 (January 1, 2021): 1467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31589/joshas.722.

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7

Magyari, Melinda, Nils Koch-Henriksen, Claudia C. Pfleger, and Per Soelberg Sørensen. "Reproduction and the risk of multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 19, no. 12 (March 18, 2013): 1604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458513481397.

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Background: The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Denmark has doubled in women since 1970, whereas it has been almost unchanged in men. Objectives: To investigate whether age at first childbirth and number of births have an effect on the risk of developing MS. Methods: The cohort consisted of 1403 patients with MS of both sexes, identified through the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, with clinical onset between 2000 and 2004. For each case, 25 control persons were drawn by random from the Danish Civil Registration System matched by sex, year of birth, and residential municipality. Results: More female cases than controls had no childbirths or fewer births before clinical onset ( p=0.018) but only in the last five years preceding onset ( p<0.0001). Childbirths within five years before clinical onset reduced the risk of MS onset in women: OR=0.54 (95% CI 0.41–0.70, p<0.0001) for one child and OR=0.68 (95% CI 0.53–0.87, p=0.002) for more than one child. Parental age at first childbirth had no effect on the risk of MS. Conclusions: The data did not suggest reversed causality between childbirth and MS.

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Guimarães, Raphael Mendonça, Rafael Leiróz Pereira Duarte Silva, Viviane Gomes Parreira Dutra, Pedro Gomes Andrade, Ana Camila Ribeiro Pereira, Rafael Tavares Jomar, and Renata Pascoal Freire. "Factors associated to the type of childbirth in public and private hospitals in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 17, no. 3 (July 2017): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042017000300009.

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Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of cesarean sections and factors associated to the type of childbirth in Brazil. Methods: data on childbirths were collected in Brazil in 2014. Demographic characteristics, related to pregnancy and birth hospital regime (public or private) were evaluation. For each hypothesis raised, the variables were modeled by the binary logistic regression, which the outcome was considered in the type of childbirth. Results: the prevalence of the cesarean sections in Brazil in 2014 was 52.8%; that is 38.1% at public hospitals and 92.8% at private ones. The association between cesarean section and the legal regime at the hospital was highlighted in the logistic model which presented a positive association and interaction between age groups (OR = 23.26; 95% CI= 13.39 - 41.79 for women between 20 and 24 years old and OR = 51.04; 95% CI 31.06 - 84.23 for women aged 35 and over). Conclusions: the performance of childbirth in Brazil meets the routines and recommendations regarding women's health and humanized childbirth established by the Brazilian National Health System policies.

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Leister, Nathalie, and Maria Luiza Gonzalez Riesco. "Childbirth care: the oral history of women who gave birth from the 1940s to 1980s." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 22, no. 1 (March 2013): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-07072013000100020.

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This study's objective was to gain a greater understanding of the changes that took place in the childbirth care model from the experience of women who gave birth in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil from the 1940s to the 1980s. This is a descriptive study conducted with 20 women using the Thematic Oral History method. Data were collected through unstructured interviews. The theme extracted from the interviews was "The experience of childbirth". The results indicate a time and generational demarcation in the 1970s. Childbirths from 1940 to 1960 occurred in a context of transition from home to hospital births. The 1980s represents a turning point in the elements that compose the childbirth care model, such as the type and place of birth and the professional assisting women, with an increased use of technology and obstetric interventions.

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Weinstein, L. B. "Childbirth Anger." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 28, no. 2 (March 2003): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-200303000-00017.

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Hall, Susan. "Childbirth Anger." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 28, no. 2 (March 2003): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-200303000-00018.

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Triolo, Pamela Klauer. "Prepared Childbirth." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 30, no. 3 (September 1987): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-198709000-00004.

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Werkmeister, Gail. "Normal Childbirth." Birth 37, no. 2 (June 2010): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.2010.00402_1.x.

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Lyttle, Bethany. "Humanizing Childbirth." American Journal of Nursing 100, no. 10 (October 2000): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200010000-00055.

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Mantle, Jill. "Childbirth Unmasked." Physiotherapy 79, no. 10 (October 1993): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)60045-4.

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Churchill, Helen. "Traumatic childbirth." Lancet 369, no. 9561 (February 2007): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60256-6.

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Ruben, Joy. "Embodied childbirth." Dance, Movement & Spiritualities 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dmas.4.1.113_1.

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18

Gosline, Anna. "Extreme childbirth." New Scientist 193, no. 2585 (January 2007): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)60046-3.

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Sutherland, Pamela. "Unassisted childbirth." Social Science & Medicine 42, no. 3 (February 1996): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(96)90301-9.

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Corbishley, H. "Safer Childbirth." Journal of Medical Ethics 17, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.17.4.219.

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GEBHARDT, ELAINE. "Childbirth Education." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 15, no. 2 (March 1990): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-199003000-00019.

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Hart, Kathy. "Childbirth unmasked." Midwifery 9, no. 3 (September 1993): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-6138(93)90031-m.

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Björkenstam, Charlotte, Cecilia Orellana, Krisztina D. László, Pia Svedberg, Margaretha Voss, Ulrik Lidwall, Petra Lindfors, and Kristina Alexanderson. "Sickness absence and disability pension before and after first childbirth and in nulliparous women: longitudinal analyses of three cohorts in Sweden." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e031593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031593.

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ObjectiveChildbirth is suggested to be associated with elevated levels of sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). However, detailed knowledge about SA/DP patterns around childbirth is lacking. We aimed to compare SA/DP across different time periods among women according to their childbirth status.DesignRegister-based longitudinal cohort study.SettingSweden.ParticipantsThree population-based cohorts of nulliparous women aged 18–39 years, living in Sweden 31 December 1994, 1999 or 2004 (nearly 500 000/cohort).Primary and secondary outcome measuresSum of SA >14 and DP net days/year.MethodsWe compared crude and standardised mean SA and DP days/year during the 3 years preceding and the 3 years after first childbirth date (Y−3to Y+3), among women having (1) their first and only birth during the subsequent 3 years (B1), (2) their first birth and at least another delivery (B1+), and (3) no childbirths during follow-up (B0).ResultsDespite an increase in SA in the year preceding the first childbirth, women in the B1 group, and especially in B1+, tended to have fewer SA/DP days throughout the years than women in the B0 group. For cohort 2005, the mean SA/DP days/year (95% CIs) in the B0, B1 and B1+ groups were for Y−3: 25.3 (24.9–25.7), 14.5 (13.6–15.5) and 8.5 (7.9–9.2); Y−2: 27.5 (27.1–27.9), 16.6 (15.5–17.6) and 9.6 (8.9–10.4); Y−1: 29.2 (28.8–29.6), 31.4 (30.2–32.6) and 22.0 (21.2–22.9); Y+1: 30.2 (29.8–30.7), 11.2 (10.4–12.1) and 5.5 (5.0–6.1); Y+2: 31.7 (31.3–32.1), 15.3 (14.2–16.3) and 10.9 (10.3–11.6); Y+3: 32.3 (31.9–32.7), 18.1 (17.0–19.3) and 12.4 (11.7–13.0), respectively. These patterns were the same in all three cohorts.ConclusionsWomen with more than one childbirth had fewer SA/DP days/year compared with women with one childbirth or with no births. Women who did not give birth had markedly more DP days than those giving birth, suggesting a health selection into childbirth.

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Yeo, Jung Hee. "Childbirth Experience of Participants in Lamaze Childbirth Education." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 16, no. 3 (2010): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2010.16.3.215.

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Alehagen, Siw, Barbro Wijma, and Klaas Wijma. "Fear of childbirth before, during, and after childbirth." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 85, no. 1 (January 2006): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016340500334844.

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&NA;. "Fear of Childbirth Before, During, and After Childbirth." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 26, no. 3 (September 2006): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132582-200609000-00032.

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Mokhtari, Fatemeh, Shekoofehsadat Mousavi, Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh, Sevil Hakimi, Esmat Mehrabi, and Neda Shamsalizadeh. "Childbirth Satisfaction in Women With Psychological Traumatic Childbirth." International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences 11, no. 1 (May 2, 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.03.

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Objectives: This study was conducted to determine factors related to childbirth satisfaction in women who experienced psychological traumatic childbirth. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine 375 postpartum women who had experienced psychological traumatic childbirth according to criterion A of the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5 [A]). Data-gathering tools were the demographic and obstetric characteristics questionnaire and Mackey childbirth satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 24.0), and independent t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, as well as multivariate linear regression test were used to perform data analysis. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of the delivery satisfaction score was 120.09 (27.11) out of 170. The predictors of satisfaction with delivery in women who had experienced psychological traumatic childbirth included type of delivery (P < 0.001), accordance of the delivery with the desired delivery (P = 0.013), and analgesia (P = 0.02). Conclusions: It seems that with continuous training and counseling about the type of delivery, the mother’s participation in delivery decisions, and also providing a variety of analgesia methods during delivery can increase childbirth satisfaction and reduce psychological traumatic childbirth.

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Blazhevska, Svetlana Krstevska, and Doncho Donev. "Quality of the Clinical Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare Assessment in a Tertiary Public Maternity Hospital in R. Macedonia." PRILOZI 40, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2019-0015.

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Abstract Introduction: Maternal and neonatal infections can be prevented, but they are still common in low and middle-developed countries. There is a connection between childbirth on one hand and postpartum and newborn care on the other. Globally, several efforts are being made to improve quality of childbirth by providing initial assessment of procedures, risk prevention and continuous monitoring of childbirth process and possible complications. The World Health Organization has developed Checklists for Safe Delivery with procedures to be implemented as routine care, in order to promptly detect and manage complications related to childbirth. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Skopje, a maternity hospital in R. Macedonia from the tertiary level of the public health care system. In this study 300 obstetric and 307 neonatal histories from childbirths in February and March 2018 have been analyzed. The collected data refers to the care of the prepartum, intrapartum, early postpartum and early neonatal periods. Results: An initial assessment at admission proved that 14.7% of pregnant women had existing infection, in 93% of them the body temperature was measured and in only 9.3% urine analysis was made, 10.3% of the women had arterial hypertension, and 66.5% of them with hypertension had a headache. In the continuous monitoring and prevention of potential risk, arterial tension was measured in 33% of all mothers. In all women the placenta quality was checked up, as well as vaginal bleeding, application of oxytocin and hemoglobin level before discharge. Conclusion: The quality and quantity of documented data in the maternity hospital medical histories is high. There were no standard protocols for assessment of pregnant women. Certain procedures are conducted in every woman during childbirth. Standardized procedures are needed to be applied during every childbirth.

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Costa, Gabriela de Almeida, Thaísa Maria Guimarães Ferreira Kopke da Silva, and Inês Maria Meneses Dos Santos. "Prevalence of the types of childbirth performed at the Hospital Materno Infantil Nossa Senhora de Nazareth-RR in the period 2001-2019." Concilium 23, no. 3 (March 4, 2023): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-949-23b83.

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The study aimed to identify the prevalence of the types of childbirths performed at the Maternal and Child Hospital Nossa Senhora de Nazareth in Boa Vista, from 2001 to 2019, through demographic indicators. As for the methodology, this is a descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach. For data collection, the types of childbirths in the Annual Report of Epidemiology of Roraima 2001/2019 were analyzed. It was observed an increase in the number of childbirths over the years mainly in 2019, and these data were confirmed in the boxplot graphs. Regarding vaginal childbirth, there was a reduction over time and a slight increase in recent years. As for cesarean sections, there was an increase over the years. The linear correlation between the variables showed a very weak correlation between the two types of births. The Shapiro test showed that the data follows a Normal distribution. Pearson's correlation test showed that there is no significant linear relationship between the variables. We conclude that despite the slight increase of vaginal childbirth in the last years, cesarean sections showed a high percentage in relation to what is recommended by the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization.

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Vasyliuk, Serhii, Andrii Cheredarchuk, Mariana Rymarchuk, Rostislav Bondarev, Olha Proshchenko, and Artem Mykytyuk. "Fecal incontinence risk factors and pregnancy." Česká gynekologie 89, no. 2 (April 22, 2024): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/cccg2024102.

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Materials and methods: We conducted an analysis on 231 pregnant women. A proctologist examined the patients three times: in the 1st trimester (within the first 15 weeks), in the 3rd trimester (29–40 weeks), and 12 months after childbirth. Results: The total number of fecal incontinence observations among women included in the study was 66 cases (28.6%), detected at the final visit. Risk factors for fecal incontinence with a high probability were age over 36 years (P = 0.001), low physical activity (P = 0.034), three or more pregnancies resulting in childbirth (P = 0.022), history of hemorrhoids (P = 0.027), perianal discomfort on the first visit (P = 0.045), and constipation on the first visit (P = 0.006). Factors such as being overweight, marital status, education, living conditions, living area, and infant size did not have significance for fecal incontinence. Discussion: Pregnancy- and obstetric-related risk factors contributing to fecal incontinence are multifactorial, including factors such as multiple childbirths with trauma to the pelvic muscles or anal sphincter muscles, chronic constipation, age, and vaginal deliveries. However, currently, there is no clear concept for the prevention of fecal incontinence in pregnant women. Conclusion: The prevalence of fecal incontinence among pregnant women is 12.9%, which increases to 28.6% one year after childbirth. The most common complaint was involuntary passage of intestinal gas. Risk factors for fecal incontinence with a high probability included being over 36-years old, low physical activity, three or more pregnancies resulting in childbirth, a history of hemorrhoids, perianal discomfort, and constipation in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Key words: pregnancy – childbirth – fecal incontinence – constipation – risk factors

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Jonsson, Sara, Inger Sundström-Poromaa, Bengt Johansson, Jenny Alenius Dahlqvist, Christina Christersson, Mikael Dellborg, Alexandra Trzebiatowska-Krzynska, et al. "Time to childbirth and assisted reproductive treatment in women with congenital heart disease." Open Heart 11, no. 1 (March 2024): e002591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2023-002591.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the time to first childbirth and to compare the prevalence of assisted reproductive treatment (ART) in women with congenital heart disease (CHD) compared with women without CHD.MethodsAll women in the national register for CHD who had a registered first childbirth in the Swedish Pregnancy Register between 2014 and 2019 were identified. These individuals (cases) were matched by birth year and municipality to women without CHD (controls) in a 1:5 ratio. The time from the 18th birthday to the first childbirth and the prevalence of ART was compared between cases and controls.Results830 first childbirths in cases were identified and compared with 4137 controls. Cases were slightly older at the time for first childbirth (28.9 vs 28.5 years, p=0.04) and ART was more common (6.1% vs 4.0%, p<0.01) compared with controls. There were no differences in ART when stratifying for the complexity of CHD. For all women, higher age was associated with ART treatment (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.28).ConclusionsWomen with and without CHD who gave birth to a first child did so at similar ages. ART was more common in women with CHD, but disease severity did not influence the need for ART. Age was an important risk factor for ART also in women with CHD and should be considered in consultations with these patients.

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Wall, L. Lewis. "The Anthropologist as Obstetrician: Childbirth Observed and Childbirth Experienced." Anthropology Today 11, no. 6 (December 1995): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2783519.

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Sánchez-García, Juan Carlos, Jonathan Cortés-Martín, and Raquel Rodríguez-Blanque. "Preparation for Childbirth: Coping with the Fear of Childbirth." Healthcare 11, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040480.

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Joensuu, Johanna, Hannu Saarijärvi, Hanna Rouhe, Mika Gissler, Veli-Matti Ulander, Seppo Heinonen, and Tomi Mikkola. "Maternal childbirth experience and time of delivery: a retrospective 7-year cohort study of 105 847 parturients in Finland." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e046433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046433.

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ObjectivesTo explore how the time of delivery influences childbirth experience.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingChildbirth in the four Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District hospitals, Finland, from 2012 to 2018.Participants105 847 childbirths with a singleton live fetus.Main outcome measuresChildbirth experience measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).ResultsThe major difference in average childbirth experience measured by VAS was between primiparas (8.03; 95% CI 8.01 to 8.04) and multiparas (8.47; 95% CI 8.45 to 8.48). Risk ratio (RR) of the low VAS (≤5) was 2.3 when primiparas were compared with multiparas. Differences in VAS between distinct periods were found in two stages: annual and time of day. The decrease in VAS from 2012–2016 to 2017–2018 in primiparas was from 7.97 (95% CI 7.95 to 7.99) to 7.80 (95% CI 7.77 to 7.83) and from 2014–2016 to 2017–2018 in multiparas from 8.60 (95% CI 8.58 to 8.61) to 8.49 (95% CI 8.47 to 8.52). Corresponding RRs of low VAS were 1.3 for primiparas and 1.2 for multiparas. Hourly differences in VAS were detected in primiparas between office hours 08:00–15:59 (7.97; 95% CI 7.94 to 7.99) and other times (night 00:00–07:59; 7.91; 95% CI 7.88 to 7.94; and evening 16:00–23:59; 7.90; 95% CI 7.87 to 7.92). In multiparas differences in VAS were detected between evening (8.52; 95% CI 8.50 to 8.54) and other periods (night; 8.56; 95% CI 8.54 to 9.58; and office hours; 8.57; 95% CI 8.55 to 8.59).ConclusionThe maternal childbirth experience depended on the time of delivery. Giving birth during the evening led to impaired childbirth experience in both primiparas and multiparas, compared with delivery at other times. The impact of labour induction on childbirth experience should be further examined. The reorganisation of delivery services and the reduction of birth preparations might affect annual VAS. VAS is a simple method of measuring the complex entity of childbirth experience, and our results indicate its ability to capture temporal variation.

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Cho, Hyunjin, and Sukhee Ahn. "Do childbirth confidence, prenatal depression, childbirth knowledge, and spousal support influence childbirth fear in pregnant women?" Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2020.12.14.

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Anderson, Cheryl. "Construct Validity of the Childbirth Trauma Index for Adolescents." Journal of Perinatal Education 20, no. 2 (2011): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.20.2.78.

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The potentially traumatic nature of childbirth for adult mothers has been confirmed in research; however, adolescent childbirth trauma is unexplored. This article presents research on the construct validity of the Childbirth Trauma Index by providing a conceptual analysis of psychological childbirth trauma, factor validity of the Childbirth Trauma Index, and discussion of testing the Childbirth Trauma Index via contrasted-groups approach. Childbirth trauma can result in an acute stress reaction or actual posttraumatic stress disorder. Using subjective reports, the Impact of Event Scale, and the Childbirth Trauma Index, an appraisal of birth trauma, trauma impact, and indicators associated with childbirth trauma were revealed among 112 adolescents. Clinical implications and research recommendations are offered.

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Oakley, Ann, and Jacques Gelis. "History of Childbirth." British Journal of Sociology 44, no. 2 (June 1993): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591244.

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고일홍. "Childbirth in Archaeology." Journal of Humanities, Seoul National University 71, no. 1 (February 2014): 11–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17326/jhsnu.71.1.201402.11.

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Fee, Elizabeth, Theodore M. Brown, and Roxanne L. Beatty. "Early Modern Childbirth." American Journal of Public Health 93, no. 3 (March 2003): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.3.432.

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Smith, Kay. "Choice in childbirth." Nursing Standard 9, no. 29 (April 12, 1995): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.9.29.22.s36.

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Regmi, Kiran. "Technocratic childbirth models." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v2i1.24388.

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Lee, Chung No. "Childbirth with Husband." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 44, no. 2 (2001): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2001.44.2.154.

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Hartikaninen-Sorri, Anna-Liisa. "Smoking and childbirth." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 70, no. 2 (January 1991): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016349109006189.

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Lyons, G. "Epidurals for Childbirth." British Journal of Anaesthesia 100, no. 4 (April 2008): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aen031.

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Abraham, Suzanne. "Recovery after childbirth." Medical Journal of Australia 152, no. 7 (April 1990): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb125240.x.

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WILLIAMS, CASE. "ACTIONSTAT Emergency childbirth." Nursing 16, no. 3 (March 1986): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-198603000-00009.

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Wells, Mandy. "Continence following childbirth." British Journal of Nursing 5, no. 6 (March 28, 1996): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1996.5.6.353.

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Dalton, Clare. "Perspectives on Childbirth." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 14, no. 3 (1989): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-14-3-634.

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Simpson, Kathleen Rice. "“Visitors” During Childbirth." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 38, no. 4 (2013): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0b013e318290bcd7.

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Small, Rhonda, Stephanie Brown, Judith Lumley, and Jill Astbury. "Depression after childbirth." Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 8 (October 1994): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127559.x.

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