Academic literature on the topic 'Childbirth; hypnosis; analgesia'

The objective of this paper is to study the curative effect of music combined with hypnosis on labor pains during childbirth. Based on the algorithm of data mining, we randomly selected 100 women who delivered babies in obstetric units from October 2020 to June 2021, set the control group and the observation group, obtained the relevant clinical data through comparison, and analyzed the value of music combined with hypnotic analgesia midwifery in obstetrics. The results showed that the number of spontaneous delivery cases in the observation group was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) and the delivery time in the observation group was better than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). It is proved that music combined with hypnosis can effectively improve the rate of natural childbirth and shorten the overall labor time, so as to guarantee the health of mother and child.

Pain is both a mental and a physical condition. It is considered by many experts to be a serious health problem or even a disease one. WHO describes it as a multidimensional phenomenon consisting of sensory, physiological, affective, spiritual and behavioral factors. Childbirth has always been associated with severe pain. The pain of childbirth has been known for centuries and is presented in every possible way as a very unpleasant sensation, not only physical but also mental. Over the years, efforts have been made to develop the best possible methods of relieving labor pain. These include non-pharmacological, such as: acupuncture, TENS or hypnosis, and pharmacological: administration of opioids and inhalation anesthetics, ending with regional analgesia techniques such as: epidural, subarachnoid anesthesia, etc. The article presents the history of the treatment of labor pain.

Labor pain is conventionally defined similarly to acute pain and exhibits a complex constellation of multiple physiological and psychological factors. Pressure, anxiety, fear, feelings of self-efficacy, coping skills, and social support are influential factors regarding a woman’s perception of pain and labor experiences. This pain varies greatly and often described as the most extreme pain that can be experienced or as agony or like torture that women may go through. Although epidural analgesia is generally accepted to be the gold standard method in intrapartum analgesia, there are risks associated with their use. Any less invasive but effective non-pharmacological approaches that can be used as an analgesic adjunct would be of great importance to the obstetric community. In recent years, clinical hypnosis and birth ball exercise have become an area of increasing clinical interest as methods to help the mother cope with the laboring process. They are frequently applicable, low-cost, and can be used as a supplementary treatment with other medications. Given widespread claims of efficacy, we aimed to review the available evidence regarding its effectiveness as an adjunct therapy for the management of labor and delivery pain. This is important as there is increasing interest among expectant parents and some health care providers about these methods for pain relief during the childbirth process.While many of some investigations show positive effects on the outcome studied, in fact, there are conflicting findings in others showing no statistically significant of its benefits.

Labor pain leads to various undesirable clinical and psychological complications. The mental aspect of pain is actively being studied, as well as non-drug methods of influence. Expedient is the use of psychological preparation of women for childbirth and the use of the analgesic effect of hypnosis on the stage of preparation to labor and during childbirth.

Hypnosis in obstetrics is available for more than one hundred years, but the development of inhalational anesthetic and chemotherapy agents and anesthesia drugs pending the 19th century induced the decrement of its application. However, experimental assessment of this type of intervention on labor and delivery in not high yet. For this reason, evaluation of hypnotic techniques in preparing childbirth should be carried out. One of the main unified mind-body healing practices, which has a great remedial potential in different applications of health care like labor and delivery. Assessment of effectiveness of this procedure in various administered trials is not easy, due to methodologic challenges, like normalizing trial conditions and picking up sufficient sizes of sample. Applying techniques of hypnosis for childbirth within hospital settings makes women to easily overcome barriers associated with institutional policies or caregiver resistance. Potential analgesic and anxiolytic clinical hypnosis effects for childbirth deserve more clinical trials. In this regard, nurses who manage women pending labor and delivery could easily enhance their skills and related understandings for contributing to techniques of hypnotherapy.

The evidence appeared to suggest that the use of hypnosis in childbirth: decreases analgesia requirements during labour; decreases oxytocin requirements during labour and, increases the incidence of spontaneous vaginal birth. A research gap was identified that the Hypnosis Antenatal Training for Childbirth (HATCh) Trial was designed to fill. The HATCh Trial was a comprehensive, high-quality, randomised trial that included 448 pregnant women in late pregnancy. It was designed to assess the efficacy of a short, three-session, standardised hypnosis intervention in late pregnancy. The HATCh study findings show that, unlike in all but one previous study, this hypnosis intervention in the third trimester was ineffective in reducing analgesia requirements during childbirth. The increased incidence of induction required in hypnosis groups when compared with controls was unexpected and suggests that hypnosis may have an effect in the non-pharmacological inhibition of spontaneous labour. Subgroup analysis suggested that hypnosis may reduce analgesia requirements when supplemented by yoga. The addition of the HATCh Trial results has substantially increased the heterogeneity of the systematic review. Systematic review sub-group analyses, according to the timing of the hypnosis training during pregnancy, suggest that training in the third trimester is ineffective in reducing analgesia requirements during labour and childbirth. However hypnosis training commencing early in pregnancy, either in the first or second trimester, may decrease pharmacological analgesia use during childbirth. Further research is required to investigate why hypnosis might inhibit the spontaneous onset of labour and how this effect might be negated, minimised or utilised. Further research is also required to investigate the optimal timing to commence antenatal hypnosis training, the number of sessions and the types of suggestions that might be most effective. Yoga may be a useful adjunct to the hypnosis intervention and should be researched further as a sole technique and together with antenatal hypnosis training during pregnancy. There is a clear need for high quality trials where hypnosis training occurs before the 3rd trimester. Ideally, training after the 3rd trimester should be compared with antenatal hypnosis training before the 3rd trimester.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, 2011