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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Childbearing'
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Raphael-Leff, Joan. "Psychological processes of childbearing." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397890.
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Dahlberg, Johan. "Parents, Children and Childbearing." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-125936.
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This doctoral thesis provides a set of studies of social influences on fertility timing. Swedish register data are used to link individuals to their parents and siblings, thereby allowing the study of impacts of family of origin, social background, and parental death on fertility. The Swedish Medical Birth Register is used to investigate the effect of mode of delivery on higher order births. The thesis consists of an introductory chapter with an overview of the consequences and predictors of the timing of childbearing, and a theoretical framework to explain these relationships. This chapter also includes a section where the contribution to existing knowledge, the relation of the findings to life course theory, and suggestion for further research are discussed. This chapter is followed by four original empirical studies. The first study applies sister and brother correlations to investigate and estimate the impact of family of origin on fertility. It shows that family of origin matters for fertility timing and final family size. The study also shows that the overall importance of family of origin has not changed over the approximately twenty birth cohorts that were studied. The second study introduces three dimensions of social background - occupational class, status, and education - into fertility research. It suggests that social background, independent of individuals’ own characteristics, matters for the timing of first birth and the risk of childlessness. The study also shows that different dimensions of social background should not be used interchangeably. The third study uses the Swedish Medical Birth Register to investigate the effect of mode of delivery on the propensity and birth interval of subsequent childbearing. It demonstrates that mode of delivery has an impact on the progression to the second and third births but that a first delivery by vacuum extraction does not reduce the propensity of subsequent childbearing to the same extent as a first delivery by emergency or elective caesarean section. The fourth study explores the effects of parental death on adult children's fertility. The findings reveal that parental death during reproductive ages can affect children’s fertility. The effects are moderated by the gender of the child and when in the life course bereavement occurs. The combined output of these four studies provides evidence that human fertility behavior is embedded in social relationships with kin and friends throughout life. Family of origin, social background, an older sibling's birth, and bereavement following parental death influence the adult child's fertility. These findings add knowledge to previous research on intergenerational and social network influences in fertility.
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Hamman, Mary K. "Women, work and childbearing." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 2008."Committee: Peter Berg, Dale Belman, Mark Roehling, Steven Haider, and Stacy Dickert-Conlin." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-192). Also issued in print.
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Cohen, Jessica A. "Postmarital Union Formation and Childbearing." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1321372906.
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Ralston, Kevin. "Childbearing and first birth in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9815.
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This thesis examines childbearing and first birth in Scotland. A description of empirical patterns and trends in childbearing and first birth in Scotland is given. Unique and appropriate analyses of data sources are presented. This includes analysis of the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) and Scottish Social Attitudes Survey: Fertility Module (SSAS). The thesis clearly demonstrates the relationship between social stratification and childbearing within Scotland. This is apparent longitudinally, examining timings of first birth using the SLS, and in cross-sectional data using the SSAS, and comparing childbearing ideals and intentions with achieved numbers of children. The evidence suggests inequalities at play on parenthood. Those relatively less advantaged on measures of social stratification, for instance using data on occupations or educational attainment can be observed as starting families earlier than those more educationally or occupationally advantaged. Whether, and how, standard measures of geography relate to fertility outcomes is examined across several chapters and findings suggest that they offer some explanation relating to individual processes of first birth. A latent class approach is outlined which shows that economic theories of fertility can be reconciled with attitudinal indicators of opportunity cost and financial constraint. A distinctive theoretical position is also taken which culminates in the exposition of the position that childbearing can be usefully conceptualised in terms of a threshold effect.
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Phillips, Diane. "Women's rites, representations of childbearing in film." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37611.pdf.
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Konan, Emma Roselyne Mrs. "Epidemiology of Adiposity in Childbearing Ghanaian Women." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/138.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The prevalence of adiposity (overweight and obesity) is increasing in among Ghanaian women. The disparity between urban and rural Ghanaian women in adiposity is seldom described due to data paucity. The purpose of this study was to provide a comparative analysis between urban and rural women in regards to the socio-demographic factors associated with adiposity. METHODS: The analyses used cross-sectional data from the Ghana Demographic Health Survey involving child bearing women ages14 to 49 years old. The eligible population comprised 4848 non-pregnant women (2023 from urban and 2825 from rural areas). Residence-specific (urban versus rural) associations between selected independent variables and adiposity were quantified using odds ratios from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to describe the variables that were best predictors of adiposity. RESULTS: The overall crude prevalence of overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (≥30kg/m2) were 40% and 18% in urban and rural areas, respectively. There was a positive statistically significant difference between urban and rural women with respect to the distribution of overweight as well as obese (p<.001). Result from the univariate models showed that among rural and urban resident women, older age, higher education, higher wealth, and lack of job was each associated with increased odds of overweight. Compared to Akan women, being of other ethnic group was associated with decreased odds of overweight in women of urban and rural settings. Lack of fruits consumption and Muslim religion were each associated with increased odds of overweight in women who live in rural settings. Consumption of less than 5 fruits in a day was associated with decreased odds of overweight in urban resident women. For urban and rural resident women, wealth index and age were the best predictors for overweight. Older age, higher education, higher weight index, lack of jobs and being other than Akan ethnicity were each associated with increased odds of obesity in urban and rural settings. Compared to married women, being unmarried was associated with increased odds of obesity in urban and rural women. Wealth index was the best predictor variable of obesity in urban women. older age, education, wealth index, having a job, and fruit consumptions were the best predictors of obesity in rural women. CONCLUSION: Adiposity was more prevalent in urban living women compare to women who reside in rural areas. This finding is critical for planning effective adiposity control in Ghana. Proving education for Ghana women may enhance their wealth and knowledge about adiposity.
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Lisonkova, Sarka. "Impact of delayed childbearing in BC, Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11560.
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This thesis examines the association between maternal age and adverse birth outcomes in the province of British Columbia (Canada). It explores the differential effect of plurality and parity on this association; and describes differences in obstetric interventions and birth outcomes between older mothers living in rural versus urban areas.
Data were obtained from the BC Perinatal Health Program’s Database Registry, 1999-2003. The database includes all births in BC and contains information about maternal demographic characteristics, behavioural and life-style factors, and obstetric history.
Among older mothers with singleton pregnancies, we observed a higher rate of stillbirths, preterm births, small-for-gestational-age babies, and admissions to a neonatal intensive care. The risk of preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age was modified by parity. The relative risk of preterm birth associated with maternal age was higher among primiparae, compared to multiparae. Older primiparae were at elevated risk for SGA; no such association was found among multiparae.
In twin pregnancies, maternal age was not associated with perinatal death, very preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age, or prolonged neonatal intensive care unit admissions (13 days or longer), regardless of parity. However, the results suggest that the risk of these adverse outcomes is lower among older compared to younger primiparae. Chorionicity did not explain these results.
Older mothers living in rural versus urban areas had lower rates of caesarean sections and higher rates of perinatal death; the risk of small-for-gestation-age was lower, whereas large-for-gestational-age was higher. The rates of labour induction, emergency caesarean-section, preterm birth, and NICU admission were similar in both groups. The risk of caesarean-section and perinatal death increased with the distance from the mother’s residence to the nearest hospital with caesarean -section capacity.
This research adds to current knowledge by demonstrating a differential effect of parity on the association between maternal age and preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age among singletons. This is the first population-based study of twins to explore the effect of parity on the association between maternal age and birth outcomes other that preterm birth. In addition, this is the first study to examine the effect of rural or remote residence on birth outcomes among older mothers.
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Orimaye, Sylvester Olubolu, Nathan Hale, Edward Leinaar, Michael G. Smith, and Amal J. Khoury. "Teen Childbearing in South Carolina, 2012-2016." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8179.
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Hagen, Marcia. "Weight Management of Women of Childbearing Age." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1261.
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Black River Memorial Hospital identified obesity as a priority health concern in its rural service area; this concern was in line with the county's needs assessment. It was identified that women of childbearing age affect the lifestyle and health choices of their families and that they are at higher risk for the additional health risks associated with obesity affecting pregnancy and birth. Despite the identification of these risk factors, the factors that affect healthy weight management have not been well understood. Using the life course theory, a qualitative inquiry in the form of a structured interview was developed with local community experts and stakeholders. Sixteen women, aged 18-44, were recruited from the area Women Infant Children (WIC) program, the local food pantry, and area businesses. Audio-taped interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using open and axial coding. The findings suggest that the health literacy among this sample of women was low with regards to healthy weight (BMI) and the risks posed by obesity. The most cited barriers to healthy nutrition were the cost of healthy food, food preferences, and the time to prepare healthy food. The most cited barriers to healthy activity were lack of motivation, lack of child care and lack of fun, affordable activities, and severe weather. The most common motivators for pursuing a healthy lifestyle were identified as the respondents' children, the encouragement of significant others and friends, and the participation of the family in healthy lifestyle choices. Based on the literature review, knowledge of community resources, and these findings, broad recommendations to enhance the culture of healthy weight management were provided to local community stakeholders to facilitate community planning for a healthier population.
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Prayudi, Dedek. "Childbearing Trends in Indonesia since the 1998 Political Reform : Weighing the Roles of Economic Development and Socio-demographic Factors." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78961.
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Indonesia has experienced three different political eras: ‘old order’ under the regime ofpresident Soekarno, ‘new order’ under the regime of president Soeharto; and ‘reformationera’ in which democracy has been applied until now. The changes of economic and politicalconditions from one era to another have always gone hand in hand with the development ofthe country’s population. Many social scientists argue that old order is closely associated tohigh mortality and high fertility rate following the regime’s economic failure. On thecontrary, together with socio-economic improvement, family planning program, as one of theproduct of Soeharto regime, is often considered to be a great success in reducing thecountry’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 5.6 in the mid 60’s to 2.4 in the late 90’s beforeanother economic crisis hit the country. As Soeharto resigned in 1998, the national socioeconomyhas been changing to a great extent. This writing weighs the role of economicdevelopment on Indonesian women childbearing behavior from 1999 to 2007 given thedemographic differences. In doing so, I analyze individual-level data which contains evermarriedwomen’s detailed life-course history of childbearing and test the parity-specificeffect of women’s economic status development on their childbearing behavior through eventhistory analysis (proportional hazard regression), given the socio-demographic differences inIndonesia. This thesis suggests that since 1999, the role of socio-economic developmentposes a stronger effect than cultural and religious differences in determining the trend ofwomen’s childbearing behavior. Especially education has very strong positive effect tochildbearing.
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Lucas, Amy Harris Kathleen Mullan. "Are attitudes predictive of non-marital childbearing? teenagers' attitudes toward motherhood before marriage and their relationship to non-marital childbearing /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1300.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Struser, Halina Gail. "The childbearing experience of Indo-Canadian immigrant women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24423.
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This study was designed to elicit Indo-Canadian women immigrants' experience of childbearing. Health care professionals do not know enough about the childbearing experiences of this cultural group. This may lead to conflicts and discrepancies of viewpoints between clients and professionals which may result in nurses providing care that is not perceived as relevant by the individual. This study was directed by the following questions: What are Indo-Canadian women's beliefs about childbearing? What are their perceptions of their traditional practices, in their ethnic community, surrounding childbearing? What are the western health care resources utilized by the women during childbearing? How are these western health care resources perceived by the women?
Phenomenology, a qualitative research methodology, was used in this study. Data were collected through a series of indepth interviews with eight women. The initial audiotaped interviews were guided by the research questions and addressed the women's perceptions of their childbearing experiences. The data were comprised of the accounts given by the women in these interviews. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously throughout the study. Analytic material was thus used to focus and clarify the ongoing construction of accounts.
The women described very different childbearing experiences. Dissimilarities in the phenomena under investigation were more evident than similarities and were attributed to the concept of acculturation. Two themes emerged from the data: the subjects' relationships with their families and the subjects' relationships with health care professionals. Each theme affected and was affected by the concept of acculturation. Influencing factors within the two themes were respect, authority, lack of knowledge and, in the case of the family, shyness. Perceived discrimination was an influencing factor in the subjects' relationships with post-partum hospital nurses.
This study concluded that dissimilarities in the childbearing experiences of Indo-Canadian immigrant women are attributable to the process of acculturation; and that the women's childbearing experiences are located within a broader context of meanings associated with the reproductive cycle. The subjects' relationships with their families and with health care professionals are significant aspects of their childbearing experiences and are influenced by authority, respect, lack of knowledge and shyness. Discrimination is perceived by the women in relation to the post-partum hospital nurses. These conclusions have implications for nursing practice, research and education.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Martin, Valerie 1975 July 31. "Stepfamilies in Canada : numbers, characteristics, stability and childbearing." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115641.
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The following thesis examines stepfamilies in Canada within a socio-demographic framework, using the 2001 General Social Survey (GSS) on families, and is divided into three main sections. First, there is an extended literature review on family theory and the emergence of stepfamilies. This section provides the background for a discussion of why stepfamilies are still often perceived as problematic and, therefore, stigmatized; we also define different stepfamily forms. The question of how to measure stepfamilies is a major concern in this research. Indeed, depending on whether one takes a residential or an inter-residential perspective, the number of households involved in stepfamily life changes substantially. We first present a cross-sectional perspective by describing the stepfamilies examined at survey. The main focus here is to compare stepfamilies with intact and lone parent families in order to see the extent and nature of the differences between them. Our results suggest that stepfamilies do not differ as much as expected from intact families with regard to certain socioeconomic variables, such as income. The next stage involves an analysis of stepfamilies in a longitudinal perspective in order to better understand stepfamily dynamics. In doing so, we focus on stepfamily instability and the likelihood of having a common child, applying the method of event history analysis. In this longitudinal perspective, we find that stepfamilies face a high risk of experiencing a separation and that this risk increases substantially over time; we also find that stepfamily couples living in a common-law union have a higher risk of separation than those who are married. The arrival of a common child within a stepfamily appears to be determined mainly by the age of the mother and of existing children. The younger the mother and the younger the children, the more likely a stepfamily is to witness the arrival of a common child. The most compelling finding of this research lies in the differences observed in the outcomes of male and female respondents with regard to their stepfamily dynamics.
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Appleby, L. "Suicide and self-harming behaviour in childbearing women." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640564.
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The first postnatal year is a period when the rate of psychiatric disorder is high, and a correspondingly high rate of suicide might be expected. Age-adjusted mortality ratios for suicide by women in the first postnatal year were therefore calculated from population data for England and Wales for a twelve-year period. The overall mortality ratio was found to be 17- that is, the actual total was one sixth of that expected. The low rate was not found after stillbirth which was associated with a rate of suicide six times that in all women after childbirth. Women who committed suicide after childbirth most often did so in the first postnatal month and there was a tendency to use violent methods. One explanation of the low rate of suicide is that motherhood exerts a protective effect, and further studies were carried out to explore this possibility. In study two, the age-standardised mortality ratio for suicide during pregnancy was calculated by the same method to be 5 - that is, the actual rate was one twentieth of that expected. In study three, the rate of parasuicide by women in the first postnatal year was calculated from catchment area data to be less than half that of age-matched women (odds ratio 0.43). In study four, a cognitive explanation for these results was studied. Women with postnatal depression were found to score less on a questionnaire measuring cognition related to worthlessness, hopelessness and self-harm than women with depression arising at other times. This result suggests that childbearing women, despite their risk of psychiatric disorder, are protected against suicide and self-harm by their relative absence of suicide-related cognitions, and that such cognitions should be a focus for the treatment of other groups at risk of suicide.
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Sobotka, Tomás. "Postponement of childbearing and low fertility in Europe." Amsterdam : Dutch University Press, 2004. http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/rw/2004/t.sobotka/.
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Wilcut, John Lance. "Methylmercury risk communication needs among women of childbearing age." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/willcut/WillcutJ0507.pdf.
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While the consumption of fish is an essential part of the human diet, there are certain environmental toxins that reside within the earth's watersheds. One toxin in particular, methylmercury (MeHg) has been linked to neurotoxicity and consequent neuro-developmental health effects in growing fetuses and young children, even in minute doses. MeHg is known to accumulate in fish and fish products and with their consumption by women of childbearing age (WCBA), growing fetuses and young children are possibly placed in harm's way. To help prevent these health threats from occurring, guidelines and recommendations are placed into fish advisories by governmental agencies (federal, state, and tribal) through the application of the precautionary principle. The purpose of this study was to describe the risk communication status of the Montana fish consumption advisory in non-Native American women of childbearing age residing on an open reservation. Variables studied included fish consumption patterns, advisory awareness, risk awareness, and risk communication preferences. Secondary analysis of data compiled through a pilot study provided the cohort (n = 10) for this study. The majority regularly consumed fish (n = 7), while most denied prior knowledge of any fish advisory (n = 9). Half (n = 5) of the participants denied any knowledge about mercury contaminants in fish, while three stated they knew "only a little". This was emphasized through a series of true/false questions and with the majority (n = 9) having difficulty determining where the highest levels of mercury are found within a fish. A majority of the participants (n = 7) felt that they did not eat enough fish to worry about following the recommendations of the Montana Fish Consumption Guidelines. Important sources of health information to the cohort included: (a) doctors or other healthcare providers, (b) newsletters or brochures, (c) television, (d) magazines, (e) friends and relatives, and (f) government agencies. The results of this descriptive, hypothesis-generating study point to the need for larger scale studies involving non-Native rural women with the recommendations to include information on fish species, portions consumed, children of WCBA, userfriendly advisory pamphlets, and mercury exposure testing through hair and blood sampling.
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Chipman, Abigail. "Early childbearing and behavioural flexibility in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/early-childbearing-and-behavioural-flexibility-in-the-united-kingdom(87322f78-4927-4247-a7f6-23b25d365f84).html.
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Work in behavioural ecology has been and continues to be highly informative in the study of human reproductive variation and behavioural flexibility. The traditional focus of this approach has largely been on calibrations in reproductive behaviour in ultimate terms (i.e. a specific behaviour is adaptive and maximizes fitness in different environments). Yet, understanding the ultimate function of human behaviour as adaptive to local environments allows for the deeper study of the proximate psychological, social and physiological mechanisms that can shift both reproductive timing and corresponding reproductive ideals, giving greater insight into the factors that influence early childbearing. Therefore, in the thesis I aim to explore and confirm some of the mechanisms that impact on male and female reproductive timing. Firstly, I demonstrate that the impacts of social and environmental stressors such as the local sex ratio result in different response patterns from women with different socioeconomic backgrounds, the implication being that women with different life history trajectories have different strategic responses to environmental conditions in line with the predictions of life history theory. Secondly, I show that individuals’ subjective perceptions of their environment are just as important, and potentially more important, indicators of their fertility intentions than the often used objective indicators of environment quality such as deprivation. Thirdly, I show that individuals take risks in strategic ways that can be explained by evolutionary principles and that their future reproductive intentions are supported by pro-natal norms and are not due to deficiencies in their knowledge of safe sexual practice. Fourthly, I consider the evidence that kin networks help shape individuals’ psychology around life history strategies. Finally, I explore the causal pathways by which acute stress shifts individuals’ life history strategies and how this adjustment is moderated by an individual’s exposure to chronic childhood stressors. The findings resulting from this work merges with other research in the field of behavioural ecology, moving towards an integrated understanding of human reproductive and behavioural calibrations and exploring the ultimate and proximate questions of human reproductive variation. These findings highlight the importance of understanding life history trade-offs as central to reproductive scheduling. In addition it provides policy makers and health workers with an alternative way of understanding early childbearing, one that sees human behaviour within its adaptive evolutionary context.
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Gamble, Jennifer Anne, and n/a. "Improving Emotional Care For Childbearing Women: An Intervention Study." Griffith University. School of Nursing, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030904.154204.
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Childbirth can be associated with short and long-term psychological morbidity including depression, anxiety and trauma symptoms. Some previous studies have used psychological interventions to reduce postpartum distress but have primarily focussed on attempting to relieve symptoms of depression with little recognition of trauma symptoms. Furthermore, the intervention used in these studies has generally been poorly documented. The first aim of the present study was to develop a counselling framework, suitable for use by midwives, to address psychological trauma following childbirth. Multiple methods were used to develop the intervention including focus groups with women and midwives. Both the women and midwives gave unequivocal support for postpartum debriefing. Themes that emerged from the focus groups with women included the need for opportunities to talk about their birth experience, an explanation of events, an exploration of alternative courses of action that may have resulted in a different birth experience, talking about their feelings such as loss, fear, anger and self-blame, discussing social support, and discussing possible future childbearing. There was a high level of agreement between the women's and midwives' views. These themes were synthesized with contemporary literature describing counselling interventions to assist in reconciling a distressing birth experience and a model for understanding women's distressing birth experiences to develop a counselling framework. The counselling intervention was then tested using a randomised controlled study involving 400 women recruited from antenatal clinics of three public hospitals. When interviewed within seventy-two hours of birth, 103 women reported a distressing birth experience and were then randomised into either the treatment or control group. Women in the intervention group had the opportunity to debrief at the initial postpartum interview (< 72 hours postpartum) and at four to six weeks postpartum. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder was quite high; 9.6% of participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for acute PTSD at four to six weeks postpartum. Fewer participants (3.5%) met the diagnostic criteria for chronic PTSD at three months postpartum. As with previous research relating to childbearing women, few demographic factors or antenatal psychological factors were associated with the development of a PTSD symptom profile following childbirth. The development of PTSD symptom profile was strongly associated with obstetric intervention and a perception of poor care in labour. This finding is also consistent with previous research. Emotional distress was reduced for women in the intervention group in relation to the number of PTSD symptoms [t (101) = 2.144, p = .035], depression [c2 (1) = 9.188, p = .002], stress [c2 (1) = 4.478, p = .029] and feelings of self-blame [t (101) = -12.424, p <.001]. Confidence about a future pregnancy was higher for these women [t (101) = -9.096, p <.001]. Although there was not a statistically significant difference in the number of women with a PTSD symptom profile at three months postpartum, fewer women in the intervention group (n=3) than in the control group (n=9) met PTSD criteria. Likewise, there were fewer women in the intervention group (n=1) with anxiety levels above mild than in the control group (n=6). Importantly, this study found that offering women who have had a traumatic birth the opportunity for counselling using the framework documented in this dissertation was not harmful. This finding is in contrast to previous findings of other studies. The intervention was well received by participants. All the women in the intervention group found the counselling sessions helped them come to terms with their birth experience. Maternity service providers need to be cognizant of the prevalence of this debilitating condition and be able to identify women at risk for early intervention and referral to a mental health practitioner if appropriate. This research offers further support for the compelling need to implement changes to the provision of maternity services that reduce rates of obstetric intervention and humanise service delivery as a means of primary prevention of birth-related PTSD.
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Mauricette, Rhonda. "Culture and childbearing in the context of prenatal education." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24881.pdf.
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Kaylor, Mary Beth. "Access to dental care for women of childbearing age." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1190144125.
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Harrison, China. "Childbearing preferences and behaviour : where are all the men?" Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/44627/.
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Research shows a predominantly female orientated approach to the study of fertility and childbearing. Prior to the 1990s men were missing from this research by design. Women were asked to report their partner’s childbearing preferences and behaviours and thus the true attitudes and opinions of men were largely unknown. Although men are no longer missing from this research, their participation rates are disproportionally low compared to women. The aims of the studies to be presented in this thesis were to better understand the childbearing preferences and behaviours of men, establish reasons for why men have disproportionately low participation rates in the research on childbearing, identify who and what could be a target of behaviour change interventions aimed to increase participation in childbearing research and identify whether the implementation of such interventions increase male participation. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates that, as with women, a number of factors influence whether and when men begin parenthood. However, there is diversity between men and women in terms of what factors they consider to be important and influential in the preconception decision-making process. Men overall wanted to be fathers but did not want to be involved beyond being the breadwinner of the family.Therefore results highlight the need to consider the childbearing preferences and behaviours of men in order to understand contemporary fertility trends and identify unmet needs in policy and research that concern men. Notwithstanding this, the disproportionally low participation rates of men in the research on childbearing ultimately means that the research base is not providing a good account of male attitudes towards whether and when to have children. When given the opportunity to participate in childbearing research men participate significantly less than women actively excluding themselves from the research as a result of less favourable attitudes towards the behaviour. The modification of attitudes is thus identified to be the mechanism that would most likely elicit intention (and potentially behaviour) change. The implementation of persuasive messages aimed to modify attitudes towards participation in childbearing research increased the perceived relevance of the behaviour but had little effect on attitude, intention and research behaviour. Overall, the work presented in this thesis demonstrates that raising public awareness that childbearing is an issue that affects men as well as women is likely to be key to integrating men into family life and increasing their participation in childbearing research.
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Thorstensson, Stina. "Professional support in childbearing, a challenging act of balance." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-22290.
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Garratt, Elisabeth Featherston. "The childbearing experiences of survivors of childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2008. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/4054/.
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This project was initiated by Maggie Smith, whose interest in the topic arose as a result of her experiences as a practising midwife. It seeks to gain understanding into the problems and difficulties encountered by childbearing women who have a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). It consists of twenty in-depth interviews with mothers with such a history, half of whom were also midwives at the time of their interview. Recruitment was in two phases: the first consisted of women who were contacted via survivors' support groups; the second, of midwives recruited via the letters pages in midwifery journals. The exact extent of childhood sexual abuse is unknown, but some authorities suggest that as many as half of all women will experience some kind of sexual abuse in their lives (Kelly 1988). The shame and secrecy which surrounds CSA means that, inevitably, it is under-reported and consequently many maternity workers will inadvertently come into contact with survivors during their working lives. The aim of this study was to gain an insight into the lived experiences of survivors of sexual abuse during pregnancy, birth and early parenting, in order to inform those working in the maternity services, to enable them to provide appropriate, research-based care for these women. The project was undertaken from a feminist standpoint in that it was conducted through the promotion of a non-hierarchical reciprocal relationship between the respondents and myself. Data was analysed using grounded theory techniques coupled with the voice-centred relational approach propounded by Mauthner and Doucet (1998). The findings suggest that there are direct parallels between the dehumanising effects of sexual abuse and the experience of giving birth within a medically dominated organisation driven by its own needs for efficiency, calculability and predictability. The interviewees appeared to have realistic expectations of the physical sensations of labour but were unprepared for uncaring and impersonal encounters with maternity staff. Re-traumatisation was more often than not associated with a routine-focussed approach by caregivers and failures in communication resulting in the women experiencing powerlessness, betrayal and humiliation. Good relationships with carers, in which the women perceived themselves to be valued and respected as individuals appeared to have a protective effect. The data also suggests that there is no 'standard' approach to providing care for survivors of CSA, but that it is incumbent on practitioners to collaborate with each individual in order to discover how best to care for her.
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Thorgeirsdottir, Gunnella. "Childbearing in Japanese society : traditional beliefs and contemporary practices." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8290/.
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In recent years there has been an oft-held assumption as to the decline of traditions as well as folk belief amidst the technological modern age. The current thesis seeks to bring to light the various rituals, traditions and beliefs surrounding pregnancy in Japanese society, arguing that, although changed, they are still very much alive and a large part of the pregnancy experience. Current perception and ideas were gathered through a series of in depth interviews with 31 Japanese females of varying ages and socio-cultural backgrounds. These current perceptions were then compared to and contrasted with historical data of a folkloristic nature, seeking to highlight developments and seek out continuities. This was done within the theoretical framework of the liminal nature of that which is betwixt and between as set forth by Victor Turner, as well as theories set forth by Mary Douglas and her ideas of the polluting element of the liminal. It quickly became obvious that the beliefs were still strong having though developed from a person-to-person communication and into a set of knowledge acquired by the mother largely from books, magazines and or offline.
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Gamble, Jennifer Anne. "Improving Emotional Care For Childbearing Women: An Intervention Study." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365390.
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Childbirth can be associated with short and long-term psychological morbidity including depression, anxiety and trauma symptoms. Some previous studies have used psychological interventions to reduce postpartum distress but have primarily focussed on attempting to relieve symptoms of depression with little recognition of trauma symptoms. Furthermore, the intervention used in these studies has generally been poorly documented. The first aim of the present study was to develop a counselling framework, suitable for use by midwives, to address psychological trauma following childbirth. Multiple methods were used to develop the intervention including focus groups with women and midwives. Both the women and midwives gave unequivocal support for postpartum debriefing. Themes that emerged from the focus groups with women included the need for opportunities to talk about their birth experience, an explanation of events, an exploration of alternative courses of action that may have resulted in a different birth experience, talking about their feelings such as loss, fear, anger and self-blame, discussing social support, and discussing possible future childbearing. There was a high level of agreement between the women's and midwives' views. These themes were synthesized with contemporary literature describing counselling interventions to assist in reconciling a distressing birth experience and a model for understanding women's distressing birth experiences to develop a counselling framework. The counselling intervention was then tested using a randomised controlled study involving 400 women recruited from antenatal clinics of three public hospitals. When interviewed within seventy-two hours of birth, 103 women reported a distressing birth experience and were then randomised into either the treatment or control group. Women in the intervention group had the opportunity to debrief at the initial postpartum interview (< 72 hours postpartum) and at four to six weeks postpartum. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder was quite high; 9.6% of participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for acute PTSD at four to six weeks postpartum. Fewer participants (3.5%) met the diagnostic criteria for chronic PTSD at three months postpartum. As with previous research relating to childbearing women, few demographic factors or antenatal psychological factors were associated with the development of a PTSD symptom profile following childbirth. The development of PTSD symptom profile was strongly associated with obstetric intervention and a perception of poor care in labour. This finding is also consistent with previous research. Emotional distress was reduced for women in the intervention group in relation to the number of PTSD symptoms [t (101) = 2.144, p = .035], depression [c2 (1) = 9.188, p = .002], stress [c2 (1) = 4.478, p = .029] and feelings of self-blame [t (101) = -12.424, p <.001]. Confidence about a future pregnancy was higher for these women [t (101) = -9.096, p <.001]. Although there was not a statistically significant difference in the number of women with a PTSD symptom profile at three months postpartum, fewer women in the intervention group (n=3) than in the control group (n=9) met PTSD criteria. Likewise, there were fewer women in the intervention group (n=1) with anxiety levels above mild than in the control group (n=6). Importantly, this study found that offering women who have had a traumatic birth the opportunity for counselling using the framework documented in this dissertation was not harmful. This finding is in contrast to previous findings of other studies. The intervention was well received by participants. All the women in the intervention group found the counselling sessions helped them come to terms with their birth experience. Maternity service providers need to be cognizant of the prevalence of this debilitating condition and be able to identify women at risk for early intervention and referral to a mental health practitioner if appropriate. This research offers further support for the compelling need to implement changes to the provision of maternity services that reduce rates of obstetric intervention and humanise service delivery as a means of primary prevention of birth-related PTSD.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing
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Gamble, Jennifer Anne. "Improving emotional care for childbearing women an intervention study /." [South Bank, Queensland : Griffith University], 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/uploads/approved/adt-QGU20030904.154204/public/02Whole.pdf.
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Benton, L. M. "Childbearing in a time of ART : birth rates, childbearing desires and family planning in a rural HIV treatment and care programme in South Africa." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1469946/.
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Mixed methods investigate the association between HIV, ART and fertility following scale-up of HIV treatment and care in South Africa. Two longitudinal analyses of surveillance data from the Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies compare factors associated with live birth by HIV and ART exposure. Semi-structured interviews with women enrolled on ART and healthcare providers explore perceptions of childbearing and contraceptive use. A quantitative study reports on one open cohort analysis and a subsequent closed cohort. Crude Birth Rates declined since 2005 and an open cohort analysis (2007-2013) found consistently lower birth-rates amongst women on-ART, compared to HIV-positive ART-naïve women and HIV negative women. One exception was found in the 25-29year age group: incidence was 38% higher to women on ART than ART-naïve women. Crude incidence of live birth was 6.6 births/100 women-years and decreased with increasing age, higher parity, poorer self-reported health, urban area of residency, knowledge of own HIV status, being single or engaged/married, not living with a partner, awareness of the benefits of ART, use of contraception and use of injectable methods. Annual likelihood (aHR, 0.39; 95% 0.347 – 0.441) was 61% lower to HIV positive versus negative women in multivariable Poisson analysis and exposure to ART was associated with 38% reduced likelihood (aHR, 0.62; 95% 0.487 – 0.799). In a subsequent closed cohort, HIV ‘unknown’ women demonstrated similar incidence and associated factors of live birth compared to HIV negative women. HIV positive women were less likely than HIV negative and HIV ‘unknown’ women to use contraception. Women described inconsistent injectable use in semi-structured interviews due to side effects and perceptions that injectables make women ‘watery’ or are unnecessary on ART. Family planning counselling was under-prioritised within the health care service and women were unaware of safer conception topics. Recent pregnancies were considered unintended and most women desired to avoid childbearing considering current family size, economic and health risks. Partner expectations could override strong concerns for health, however, and HIV positive women were at similar risk of live birth to HIV negative women when in a regular relationship or living with a partner.
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Weaver, Jane Jennifer. "Control in childbirth : a material-discursive evaluation with primiparous women and their midwives." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311888.
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Boon, Leen Ooi, University of Western Sydney, College of Social and Health Sciences, and of Nursing Family and Community Health School. "Exploring childbearing women's perception of the role of a midwife." THESIS_CSHS_NFC_Boon_L.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/762.
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In this study, the childbearing women's perception of the role of a midwife in Australia was explored using a descriptive study. Data was gathered using a semi structured questionnaire.The findings revealed that childbearing women in Australia overwhelmingly believed a midwife is specifically trained and qualified to deliver babies normally and to care for a woman in labour.In addition, the belief was that a midwife is trained to provide a comprehensive range of maternity related tasks.The overriding themes which emerged identified the midwife as a source of advice, information, support, education, guidance, specific midwifery knowledge and being a liason person between the doctor and the pregnant woman.Limitation of the role of a midwife was believed to be due to the nursing based training of a midwife.The findings from this study revealed that childbearing women in Australia, United Kingdom and Singapore have similar perceptions of a midwife's role.Recommendations were made for further studies to investigate the reasons for a persistent lack of information regarding the role of a midwife and the type of information required by pregnant women.Master of Nursing (Hons.)
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Hertfelt, Wahn Elisabeth. "Teenage childbearing in Sweden : support from social network and midwife /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-289-7/.
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Safadi, Doghmi Reema. "Action research : the childbearing experience among first-time Jordanian mothers." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324168.
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South, Tina. "The lived experiences of childbearing midwives : a hermeneutic phenomenological study." Thesis, University of West London, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766736.
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Bailey, H. R. "HIV-infected childbearing women in Europe : health, treatment and care." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1402416/.
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This thesis aims to investigate the health of HIV-infected childbearing women living in resource-rich and resource-constrained settings in Europe, and to examine their treatment and care in the context of contemporary policies. HIV prevalence is increasing among childbearing women in Europe and particularly in the Eastern region. Highly effective interventions for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) have resulted in very low transmission rates in Western Europe, but are less available in Ukraine. This thesis uses data from the European Collaborative Study, an on-going prospective cohort study of HIV-infected pregnant women and their infants (9500 mother-child pairs in Western Europe in 1986-2012, and 9600 in Ukraine in 2000-2012), to examine missed opportunities for PMTCT. Results highlight a decline in mother-to-child transmission rates in Ukraine to 4.1% (95% CI 3.4-4.9) in 2008-2010 (vs. 1.7% (95% CI 1.1-2.5) in the Western Europe sites in 2000-2009), and the importance of maternal marginalisation to continued transmissions in both settings. In Western Europe, a substantial proportion of HIV-positive pregnant women are now conceiving on antiretroviral therapy (ART); factors associated with treatment failure during pregnancy among this group are explored. Prevalence of HIV co-infections is high in Ukraine, and this thesis uses data from a nested postnatal cohort (n=2066) to explore testing coverage and factors associated with hepatitis C virus and chlamydia co-infections. Detection and prevalence of cervical abnormalities (an important potential cause of morbidity in HIV-infected women) are also explored. An additional survey in Ukraine provides data on ART adherence during pregnancy and postnatally (n=418) and highlights gaps in information provision and support. Against a backdrop of overall improvements in HIV care, this thesis identifies groups at heightened risk of mother-to-child transmission and/or poor maternal outcomes, and informs policy for their treatment and care.
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Sergenyuk, O. R. "Morphological features of the uterus in women of childbearing age." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55342.
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Relevance. One of the important problems of modern medicine, are abnormalities of the female reproductive system that can be a cause of infertility, miscarriage, premature birth and other pregnancy complications. Most often there are such anomalies as a unicorn or bicorn uterus. What, according to literature data among all congenital anomalies of the reproductive system 5% are bicornuate uterus.
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Vita, Nancy Elisabeth. "The meaning of infertility to women during their childbearing years /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262513410134.
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Cheung, Ngai Fen. "The childbearing experiences of Chinese and Scottish women in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22099.
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My research questions are: 'How is childbearing constructed and experienced by Chinese and Scottish women having babies in Scotland?' and 'How may we explain any differences within and between the two groups of women'. The aims of the study are to further the understanding of cultural construction of 'choice' and 'control' over childbearing and to make some policy recommendations for the NHS maternity practices to improve women's experiences of childbearing, especially for Chinese women. This study focuses on the analysis of the meanings that women gave to their childbearing experiences. Having children was meaningful to Scottish and Chinese women in Scotland in different ways which are related to their social positions, beliefs and practices involved and the change in social status on the birth of a child. Different meanings demand different coping strategies in healthy childbearing between Scottish and Chinese women. It supports much earlier evidence in literature that childbearing is socially shaped and culturally specific. It develops further an understanding of the relationship between 'choice' and 'control'. Scottish women in the study were in a changing 'theme' of struggle between autonomy and control - between the mind and the body. Chinese women tried to 'fit in' with what was 'normal' in the host culture but at the same time retained elements of their original cultural practices which are still meaningful to them in the new social environment. The issues of 'choice' and 'control' in childbearing to Chinese women are regulated by the safety of the mother, the concern for the new-born and postnatal practices of zuo yuezi (sitting in the month). Although the issue of 'safety' in Britain may also occasionally outweigh the conflict with 'control' and 'choice', Scottish women take greater interest in their sense of control over their childbirth. 'Choice' and 'control' are therefore useful tools for them and for the other parties involved.
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Boon, Leen Ooi. "Exploring childbearing women's perception of the role of a midwife." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/762.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the childbearing women's perception of the role of a midwife in Australia was explored using a descriptive study. Data was gathered using a semi structured questionnaire.The findings revealed that childbearing women in Australia overwhelmingly believed a midwife is specifically trained and qualified to deliver babies normally and to care for a woman in labour.In addition, the belief was that a midwife is trained to provide a comprehensive range of maternity related tasks.The overriding themes which emerged identified the midwife as a source of advice, information, support, education, guidance, specific midwifery knowledge and being a liason person between the doctor and the pregnant woman.Limitation of the role of a midwife was believed to be due to the nursing based training of a midwife.The findings from this study revealed that childbearing women in Australia, United Kingdom and Singapore have similar perceptions of a midwife's role.Recommendations were made for further studies to investigate the reasons for a persistent lack of information regarding the role of a midwife and the type of information required by pregnant women.
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Boon, Leen Ooi. "Exploring childbearing women's perception of the role of a midwife /." View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030407.100627/index.html.
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Howlett, Katia Delrahim. "Web-based intervention for alcohol use in women of childbearing potential." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3397324.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 7, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-160).
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Kim, Jungho. "Essays on women's education and pace of childbearing in developing countries /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174626.
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Testa, Maria Rita, Valeria Bordone, Beata Osiewalska, and Vegard Skirbekk. "Are daughters' childbearing intentions related to their mothers' socio-economic status?" Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6110/1/35%2D21.pdf.
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BACKGROUND
Unlike actual fertility, fertility intentions are often found to be positively correlated with education. The literature explaining this paradox is scarce.
OBJECTIVE
We aim to fill the gap in the existing scientific literature by searching for the main factors that influence highly educated women to plan a larger family size.
METHODS
Using the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey for four countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Italy, and Norway), we analyse the relationship between mother's socio-economic status and daughter's fertility intentions, controlling for daughter's socio-economic status and sibship size. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models are employed to estimate the predictors of women's additionally intended number of children.
RESULTS
We find that the effect of family of origin is exerted mainly through sibship size among childless daughters: Daughters with more siblings intend to have more children. After the transition to parenthood, the effect of family of origin is exerted mainly through the mother's level of education: Daughters with highly educated mothers intend to have more children.
CONCLUSIONS
The empirical results suggest that the positive link between births intentions and level of education might not merely be an artefact generated by the design of cross-sectional surveys but the outcome of a better socio-economic status that allows forming positive reproductive plans.
CONTRIBUTION
The positive role of mother's socio-economic status on daughter's fertility decision-making offers a valuable interpretation of the positive link between education and fertility intentions which goes beyond the alternative explanations referring to self-selection, partner effect, or time squeeze, and needs to be confirmed by further research. (authors' abstract)
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Otterblad, Olausson Petra. "Teenage childbearing : pregnancy outcomes and long-term consequences for the mothers /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-3953-5/.
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McGuire, Patricia Jean. "Determinants of health-promoting behaviors in Latino mothers of childbearing age /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1994. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11626008.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1994.Includes tables and appendices. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Nancy Lovejoy. Dissertation Committee: Marvin Sontag. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-71).
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Hunt, Sheila C. "Listening to women : an ethnography of childbearing women living in poverty." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36408/.
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This thesis examines the ways in which childbearing women living in poverty made sense of their lives and experiences. Based in the West Midlands, in an area of urban decay and major inequalities in health, the research focused on the lives of 25 women during their childbirth experience. The theoretical framework is feminist poststructuralism and throughout the study, I recognise that there is no single, unified woman's voice, and no universal solution to the problem of pregnancy and poverty. The thesis examines the different ways in which individual women experience pregnancy and poverty. The research draws on a range of ethnographic methods including interviews and participant observation. The fieldwork was undertaken over a two year period mainly through meetings with women in their own homes but also at the GP surgery and other more public places. The data discussed in the thesis illustrate the private stresses and strains of poverty related to how women cope with pregnancy and the demands of small children. I was especially interested in how childbearing women living in poverty were alike and how they were different. The women who contributed to this study shared a well developed sense of responsibility, doing what was right and putting their children first. They worked hard to be seen as respectable, and balanced the needs of their children with the demands of a life dominated by poverty. I considered the networks of support and the importance of grandmothers in some women's lives. I have considered the changing and varied relationships that women had with the men in their lives and the different ways in which they resolved conflict in their relationships. Some women were determined to go it alone and to rid themselves of the men in their lives. For over half the women in the sample, domestic violence was an everyday reality of their lives and I examined the similarities and differences in their experiences. I have also found evidence of the adverse effect of some midwives' attitudes towards these women. Beliefs based on stereotypes and prejudice meant that women living in poverty sometimes experienced less than adequate care. The thesis concludes by making recommendations for further research and for improving midwifery practice for the benefit of women.
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Jefferies, Julie Sarah. "The impact of marital dissolution and repartnering on childbearing in Britain." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364748.
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Favinger, Sarah Marie. "Planned Parenthood? An Exploration of Cohabiting Couples' Childbearing Experiences and Intentions." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1395854310.
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Palacios, Janelle F. "Sharing stories: Understanding early childbearing among reservation-based Native American women." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3324623.
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Houvouras, Shannon Krista. "Negotiated concepts body, mind, emotions and self in women's childbearing narratives /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004329.
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Westcot, andrea Kathleen. "Outlaw Reproduction: Childbearing and the Making of Colonial Virginia, 1634-1785." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623365.
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This dissertation examines discourses and experiences of reproduction in Virginia, 1630-1785. I define reproduction as an experiential reality that contoured women's lives in specific ways, as a central demographic phenomenon that shaped colonial populations, and as a discourse of power in the colonial project. Informed by feminist theory, queer theory, and postcolonial theory, the dissertation examines the relationship between reproduction and colonialism in the development of a plantation economy in Virginia. I draw on a varied archive of court documents, colonial records, newspapers and other print culture, plantation records, diaries, letters, and medical texts. Chapter 1, "'A considerable parcel of breeders': Reproduction and Discourses of Racial Slavery in Colonial Virginia," examines the ways that development of racial slavery in Virginia was based, in part, on the appropriation of black women's reproduction. I examine the roots of the 1662 law that defined slavery as a condition of birth, finding the legal and cultural precedent for the law in the conflation of servitude and bastardy. I further examine the vernacular discourses of slavery that used reproduction to define enslaved people (especially women) as a kind of property legally similar to livestock. I close the chapter with a discussion of the Virginia House of Burgesses debates around defining slaves as real or personal property, and I argue that these debates were a consequence of defining slavery as a status of birth. In Chapter 2, "Wicked, Dangerous, and Ungoverned: The Transgressive Possibilities of Reproduction," I examine the ways that childbearing could transgress colonial hierarchies and boundaries, especially in cases of bastardy and interracial birth. Throughout the chapter, I am particularly interested in understanding the relationship between domination and transgression, and the specific ways that reproduction could inhabit the space between those two poles. In Chapter 3, "Knowledge 'not fit to be discust publiquely': Colonialism and the Transformation of Reproductive Knowledge," I examine the ways that colonialism transformed Virginians' reproductive episteme. I attempt to reconstruct knowledge about reproduction in this space and time, and I show how childbearing became a potent intimate zone for the negotiating of colonial power relations. In the final chapter, '"She lives in an infant country that wants nothing but people': Discourses of Reproduction, Print Culture, and Virginia's Colonial Project," I examine the competing discourses of reproduction that informed Virginia's colonial project. I argue that two competing discourses about reproduction - one that privileged "prolific reproduction" and another that privileged "rational reproduction" - show the ways that the experience of colonialism transformed ideas about reproduction. This transformation occurred because the exigencies of the colonial project prioritized the maintaining of colonial boundaries and hierarchies over the early notion of peopling a "virgin" land.