Relevant bibliographies by topics / Child witnesses and victims

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Child witnesses and victims'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 February 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Child witnesses and victims"

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Bekink, Mildred. "The Constitutional Protection Afforded to Child Victims and Child Witnesses while Testifying in Criminal Proceedings in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (May 27, 2019): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a5774.

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The protection of child victims and witnesses in the criminal justice system is of vital importance, as present-day research studies conducted on the victimisation of children in South Africa show that South African children in particular experience and witness exceptionally high levels of crime, and consequently represent a significant portion of the victims and witnesses that have to appear in court to testify about these crimes. This contribution consists of an in-depth discussion of the rights of the child victim and witness encompassed in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 in order to determine whether the current protection afforded to child victims and witnesses while testifying in criminal proceedings in South Africa is in line with South Africa's constitutional obligations. In this regard the general constitutional rights in the Bill of Rights relating to child victims and witnesses as well as the specific constitutional rights of child victims and witnesses in section 28 of the Constitution are discussed.
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Juhriati, Jufrin, and Muhammad Amin. "LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST CHILDREN WITH VIOLENCE." Awang Long Law Review 6, no. 1 (November 27, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/awl.v6i1.816.

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The purpose of this research is first to describe the implementation of law enforcement against child victims of intercourse accompanied by violence in the Bima Kota Police PPA Unit; second, to describe the obstacles in law enforcement against child victims of violent intercourse at the Bima Kota Police PPA Unit. Empirical legal research methods (non-doctrinal), case and policy approaches, using data collection, documentation, observation and interviews and integrating with literature review of legal documents relevant to the object under study, and analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show, First, the implementation of law enforcement against child victims of violent intercourse at the Bima City Police Unit PPA is in accordance with applicable laws and regulations using the Criminal Procedure Code and the SPPA, where at the investigation level it is carried out starting with an initial examination or interrogation of witnesses who can provide clues to the incident. Then a post mortem et review was carried out on the victim's child to identify injuries to physical violence. Then the crime scene was processed at the scene to confirm other clues. Second, obstacles in law enforcement against child victims of sexual intercourse, (1) Witnesses who are still children and find it difficult to communicate during the examination process. Especially if the key witness is a child who is still traumatized by the events he witnessed. (2) There were no witnesses who saw them directly and the witnesses did not want to come to provide information. (3) There were difficulties in uncovering the cause of death of the victim's child because in the jurisdiction of the Bima City Police there were no forensic experts so they had to carry out an autopsy at the Bayangkara Hospital in Mataram. (4) There is no expert psychologist witness accompanying the child witness in proving the quality of the testimony given by the child witness.
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Helo, Shadi Helo Abu, Ibrahim Mohamad Al Ramamneh, Tawfiq Almajali, and Omar Alarayshi. "Using Modern Technology to Protect Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (August 12, 2023): 1029–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1655.

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This study aims to address the issue of the use of modern technology as a mechanism that would protect child victims and witnesses of crime, by shedding light on the definitions associated with the study, the legal regulation of the use of these means with child victims and witnesses of crime, the legal scope of using these means, and talking about the procedures to be taken. The study followed the analytical approach to the legal provisions of the legislation under study. The study reached a set of results, including that electronic means are an effective means to remove the child victim or witness of crime from the atmosphere of the courtroom and reduce his tension by avoiding him confronting the offender, and to provide an appropriate environment that enables the victim or witness of crime to focus on questions and answer them in a comfortable environment. It enables him to provide better and clearer testimony, and the position of the Jordanian legislator came to explicitly stipulate the use of electronic means to protect child victims and witnesses of crime in investigation and criminal trial procedures, taking into account the guidelines adopted by the United Nations in the field of child witness and victim protection, as the legislator took into account When organizing the legal provisions for the use of electronic means, the Jordanian legal guarantees the validity of the investigation and criminal trial with children. Through the means of audio-visual communication, it became possible to direct interactive communication with sound and image without physical movement between children who are spatially separated from the court, and this is an achievement of the principle of presence, oral and public. It also concluded with a number of recommendations, including amending the legal provision that makes the use of electronic means to protect child victims and witnesses of crime permissible for the court to be obligatory in all investigation and criminal trial procedures as long as the legal guarantees for trials are observed, and to find a kind of continuous coordination and cooperation with the leading countries. To develop working methods in the courts, to achieve speedy justice, and to better serve children who are victims and witnesses of crime. Perhaps this study contributes to identifying the limits reached by the State of Jordan in terms of legislative and procedural interest in electronic means and its use to protect child victims and witnesses of crime.
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Hidayat, Riyan, Elwi Danil, and Yoserwan Yoserwan. "The Power of Evidence of Victims in Immoral Criminal Procedure in the West Pasaman Court." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i1.2244.

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Referring to Article 185 paragraph (7) of the Criminal Procedure Code which in essence explains that "the testimony of witnesses who are not sworn eventhough in accordance withone another, does not constitute evidence, but if the statements are in accordance with statements from sworn witnesses, it can be used as additional tools other valid proof. This raises problems in the level of practice when the childis confronted as a victim of an immoral crime, usually there are no witnesses who see and hear the criminal events committed by the perpetrator sofcrime. Instead, there is only child (not yet capable of law) as a witness who experienced the crime. However, the child's information is only used as a guide or only used to streng then the belief of the Judge because the information given by the child is considered not to meet the requirements as a witness information according to the Criminal Procedure Code. In this regard, we can see and analyze the judges' judgmentrelated to the power of proof of children witness from victims within immoral criminalaction in the jurisdiction of West Pasaman District Court. The formulation of the problem in this study is How is the power of witness information by victim's child in the case of immoral crime in the jurisdiction of the West Pasaman District Court ?. This research is a normative juridical research through case approach, law approach and conceptual approach. This research is descriptive. The results showed that The power of proof of witness information by victim'schild in immoral acts has diverse legal force. First, it is based on whether a Victim's Child can be sworn in court, so that the information by victim's childis recognized to have the same legal force as the witness's statement in the event that the victim's child can be sworn in providing information. Second, the information by the victim'schild Streng thens the judge's conviction or atleast provides guide for the judge to support the evidence of alleged criminal acts of immorality. Third, the judge did not judge the information by the victim's child to have the power of proof be cause it was considered to be incompatible and independent.
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Nathalie Cristine Luban Gaol and Dr. R. Rahaditya, S.H., M.H. "The Role of Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) in Assisting Children as Victims of Sexual Violence." Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 2 (December 21, 2024): 717–23. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i2.1023.

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One such human rights violation is child sexual abuse, which has a major impact on the psychological and social development of the victim. Children who are victims of sexual violence often experience severe trauma that can affect their lives in the future. The increasing number of cases of sexual violence against children in Indonesia makes it necessary for the state and society to provide protection and support to victims. The Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) is one of the important institutions responsible for protecting witnesses and victims. One of the human rights violations is sexual violence against children, which has a major impact on the psychological and social development of victims. The increasing number of cases of sexual violence against children in Indonesia makes it necessary for the state and society to provide protection and support to victims. The Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) is one of the important institutions responsible for protecting witnesses and victims. Despite this, LPSK faces many problems when carrying out its duties. These include budgetary issues, human resources, and cooperating with other related institutions. The purpose of this research is to discover the role of LPSK and how effective they are in assisting child victims of sexual violence.
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Inoko, K., T. Aoki, K. Kodaira, and M. Osawa. "P01-299-Behavioral characteristics of bullies, victims and bully/victims." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72010-7.

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IntroductionBulling is related with emotional and behavioral problems.ObjectivesTo investigate the behavioral characteristics of pure bullies, pure victims, bully/victims, pure witness and children with no involvement.MethodsSubjects were 112 children (6–13 years old). They completed questionnaire regarding acting the bully, being bullied and seeing someone bullied (Bully-victim-witness questionnaire). The questionnaire includes 5 psychological bully questions, 5 being bullied and 5 seeing bullies, respectively. Their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).Results112 children were divided into pure bullies (n = 12), pure victims (n = 30), bully/victims (n = 40), pure witnesses (n = 9) and children who were not involved (n = 21). The figure shows the mean scores of CBCL of pure bullies, pure victims, bully/victims and pure witnesses. The mean CBCL (withdrawal, social problems, attention and aggression) scores of bully/victims were higher than other groups.[Figure 1]ConclusionsWe have to pay attention to the behavior problems of bully/victims, and the children with behavioral problems should be concerned about bullying problems.
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SEONG, HYUN JEONG. "Role and Task of Public Defender of Crime Victim: Focused on sex crimes and child abuse crimes." Korean Association Of Victimology 31, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 265–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36220/kjv.2023.31.2.265.

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Article 12 Clause 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea provides for the assistance of lawyers. “Anyone who is arrested shall have the right to be assisted immediately by a lawyer.” When a criminal defendant is unable to seek an attorney for himself/herself, the State shall assign a lawyer as prescribed by law.｣ Criminals may, of course, be protected by the appointment of a lawyer when they are investigated by an investigative agency on the basis of the Constitution. Article 33 Clause 1 of the Criminal Procedure Act also specifies the assistance of counsel. The spirit of the constitution was reflected. ｢If it falls under certain conditions and is necessary to protect the rights of criminal offenders, a lawyer shall be selected as necessary. If the economically poor or the physically and mentally handicapped cannot appoint a lawyer, the state protects the defendant's rights in selecting a public defender.｣ But what laws are the victims of crime protected by? Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea stipulates the “right to pursue happiness of all citizens.” Article 11 of the Constitution stipulates equal rights for all citizens. Clause 2 of Article 294-2 of the Criminal Procedure Act guarantees the right of victims to state. However, other than that, there are no other regulations protecting victims' rights. Thus, it received a lot of criticism. ｢① After a crime incident, secondary damage is inflicted. ② Victims of a crime shall not be directly involved in an investigation or trial. ③ All citizens are equal.｣ Due to these criticisms, the victim's lawyer system was introduced in 2012. The system of public defenders for victims has been in effect since March 6, 2012. Nevertheless, the system has not been properly established in criminal practice yet. Therefore, confusion has continued. This is because the scope and rights of lawyers for victims of crime and their status in litigation are unclear. Germany settled the issue of protecting victims of crime in 1998 by enacting new legislature. “Act on the Protection of Witnesses and the Improvement of Victims’ Protection when interrogating witnesses in criminal cases: The Witness Protection Act.” Germany clearly defined the rights of crime victims to counsel by the law. Since then, the law has been constantly revised. The rights of crime victims to counsel became victims' rights. Article 395 of the German Criminal Procedure Act stipulated the private prosecution system and the participation system in a public prosecution. Crime victims are equal litigants. It is a legal position recognized by the Criminal Procedure Act. According to the German Criminal Procedure Act, the protection of witnesses has been strengthened. You can exclude the accused and interrogate the witness. Also, it is possible to read a report and record a witness on a tape recorder. Japan has also introduced victim’s participation system. Victims and victims’ lawyers may appear at the trial date and ask the defendant for a witness. Opinions on the confirmation of facts or the application of laws may be stated in the trial. The protection of crime victims has been strengthened. This is the crime victim’s protection system in Germany and Japan. The spirit of the Constitution is urging more rights for crime victims. The Criminal Procedure Act should establish a stipulation for the protection of victims. The legal rights of the victim’s lawyer should also be clearly defined. Only then, can victim lawyers be more active for victims in the investigation and trial stages with legal grounds. The assistance of the investigative agency alone is not enough. You can refer to the German Criminal Procedure Act and the Japanese Criminal Procedure Act.
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Le, Thi Nga. "Rights of Child Victims and Child Witnesses in Criminal Justice in Viet Nam." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 17, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718158-01701007.

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Over the last few years, Viet Nam’s economy has developed quickly and changed social values through global integration. The numbers of children who have been victims and witnesses of crime have increased. From the most common points of entry into a criminal case, there should be a set of regulations governing the rights of child victims and child witnesses in all stages of the criminal process and the child welfare system. The article argues that the rights of children as victims and witnesses in criminal cases in Viet Nam still lack the necessary safeguards and are not compatible with international law. Although the criminal justice system of Viet Nam has been improved to protect children’s rights, there are still many challenges to ensure and protect the rights of children when they participate in the criminal justice system as victims and witnesses. To narrow the gap between the international standards and the national legal system in juvenile criminal justice in Viet Nam, this article examines the problems in criminal justice to protect child victims and child witnesses in Viet Nam. The research is based on international standards of juvenile criminal justice and uses comparative and quantitative methods. It discusses how the national criminal justice system can be reformed to prevent child victims and witnesses from being abused.
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Amye R., Warren. "Child victims, child witnesses: Understanding and improving testimony." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 15, no. 3 (July 1994): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(94)90044-2.

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Dogra, Nisha. "CHILD VICTIMS, CHILD WITNESSES: UNDERSTANDING AND IMPROVING TESTIMONY." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 5, no. 1 (March 1995): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1995.5.1.54.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Child witnesses and victims"

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Tyndall-Lind, Ashley. "A Comparative Analysis of Intensive Individual Play Therapy and Intensive Sibling Group Play Therapy with Child Witnesses of Domestic Violence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278610/.

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This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of intensive sibling group play therapy in: (a) improving the self-concept of child witnesses of domestic violence; (b) reducing internalizing behavior problems, such as withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety and depression, of child witnesses of domestic violence; (c) reducing externalizing behavior problems, such as aggression and delinquency, of child witnesses of domestic violence; and (d) reducing overall behavior problems of child witnesses of domestic violence. A second objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of intensive sibling group play therapy and intensive individual play therapy on the above identified dimensions.
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Welch, Zina Lauren. ""Second Injury" the re-victimization of child victims in the criminal justice system: a study of the victim witness assistance programs child abuse/sexual assault project." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1993. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/625.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the Criminal Justice System as it relates to the child victim. The study describes the sexually molested child in the preliminary stage of criminal court. As well as the physically abused child in the same level of court. In addition, the study identifies the Child Abuse/Sexual Assault Project of the Victim-Witness Assistance Program located in the City of Atlanta Municipal Court. The study sites examples and randomly selected case studies which describe the process and various issues which may evolve when children are required to participate in the judicial process. In addition, the study identifies the Victim-Witness Assistance programs child abuse sexual assault project as an instrument designed to empower child victims by advocating for their rights and various allowances for the child victim/witness who must appear in a criminal court hearing. The study found that the child victim has much to contend with. Children are not equally equipped to handle the intricacies of the legal system. The study also addresses the systems response to the advocate, which allows the advocate to assess the appropriateness of diversion (or social work intervention) in lieu of prosecution. The study revealed that a number of cases were successfully diverted. Lastly, the Child Abuse Sexual Assault Project allowed social work intervention in almost 100% of the child abuse/sexual assault cases which were heard in the City of Atlanta Municipal Court in the year 1992.
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Donaldson, Kristy Melissa. "Defense and Prosecuting Attorney Perceptions of Facility Dogs in the Courtroom." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3939.

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Attorneys must obtain evidence for purporting their position on a court case. Many factors are considered when working with witness testimony such as age, development, narrative recall, and retraumatization. Research has detailed the hardship of obtaining evidence during witness testimony and the importance of support systems to help with the process. Existing research illustrates the stressors caused by the court processes, witness fear, and difficulty for attorneys to ascertain testimony. Therapeutic animals have been well researched and shown to have an important support role in many professions and situations. Additionally, much has been written regarding the use of varying types of court approved support systems. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding how attorneys perceive the use of facility dogs as support systems in the courtroom. The case study sought to understand how defense and prosecuting attorneys perceive the use of facility dogs in the courtroom, and how that experience has influenced their belief system. Data collection was completed through a 7 question phone interview process. The data collected via phone interviews were coded and analyzed through the use of NVivo software and Survey Monkey database. The analysis revealed the participants high level of acceptance on the use of facility dogs in the courtroom as support systems. Attorneys were open and receptive to learning more about dogs as a support system, even when hesitant about the outcome. The revelations from this study may be used to provide additional support to witnesses. Data collected within this study will propel future studies and education in many different animal advocate groups and legal entities.
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Nevermann-Jaskolla, Urte. "Das Kind als Opferzeuge im Strafverfahren /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/373364504.pdf.

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Larsson, Anneli S. "Interviewing child witnesses /." Göteborg : Dept. of Psychology, Göteborg University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/150.

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Job, Romain. "L'audition des enfants par les enquêteurs : formation et utilisation du protocole du NICHD en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH070.

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Lorsque des enfants sont victimes, leur témoignage occupe bien souvent une place centrale dans le processus d'enquête. Pour recueillir leur parole dans les meilleures conditions possibles, plusieurs techniques d'audition ont été développées et testées au cours des dernières décennies. Le protocole d'audition du National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), un guide qui aide les enquêteurs à mener l'audition, semble constituer à l'heure actuelle l'une des techniques les plus conseillées et les plus validées au niveau international. Il a ainsi été intégré dans les programmes de formation des gendarmes et des policiers français en 2016. Toutefois, depuis, aucune étude ne s'était penchée sur les effets de cette mise en place sur les pratiques de terrain. Les objectifs poursuivis par cette recherche étaient donc d'en savoir plus sur les modalités du recueil des témoignages des mineurs en France, de vérifier si les recommandations nationales et internationales étaient respectées et si les formations mises en place avaient permis la mise en œuvre effective du protocole du NICHD. Les recherches se sont concentrées sur les pratiques des gendarmes français. En 2021, la plupart des auditions de mineurs victimes faisaient l'objet d'un enregistrement vidéo et se déroulaient dans une salle spécifiquement dédiée. Toutefois, la majorité des enquêteurs qui auditionnaient des enfants n'étaient pas formés au protocole du NICHD. De plus, la parole des mineurs témoins semblait être recueillie selon des conditions moins optimales. Les enquêteurs formés au protocole du NICHD ont rapporté adopter plus souvent les meilleures pratiques en audition que ceux qui n'avaient pas reçu une telle formation. Ces retours obtenus via un questionnaire en ligne ont été en partie confirmés par l'analyse de 92 procès-verbaux d'auditions réalisées avant et après la formation. Les auditions préformation étaient peu conformes aux recommandations : les invitations, bien que vivement conseillées, étaient les questions les moins utilisées ; à l'inverse les questions fermées et suggestives représentaient 58 % des questions posées, alors qu'elles devraient être évitées. Les auditions postformation étaient quant à elles de bien meilleure qualité : elles contenaient plus de 7 fois plus d'invitations, 2 fois plus de facilitateurs et 2 fois moins de questions suggestives que les auditions préformation. Par ces résultats, nous avons ainsi pu confirmer les bénéfices de la formation française au protocole du NICHD. Toutefois, malgré l'amélioration de la qualité des auditions constatée, le questionnement reste perfectible, tous les interviewers formés n'appliquent pas toujours le protocole et la qualité des auditions se dégrade au fil du temps écoulé depuis la formation. Afin de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles les enquêteurs français utilisent ou non le protocole, nous avons mobilisé un modèle d'acceptance et d'utilisabilité d'une nouvelle technologie, le modèle Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Ainsi, nous avons pu mettre au jour que plus les enquêteurs formés pensent que le protocole du NICHD les aide à mieux auditionner les mineurs (attentes de performance) et que cela demande peu d'efforts de le mettre en place (attentes d'effort) plus ils ont l'intention d'utiliser ce protocole lors des auditions. Cette intention d'utilisation et la présence de ressources matérielles et intellectuelles suffisantes (conditions facilitantes) constituent des prédicteurs importants de l'utilisation effective du protocole du NICHD en audition. Plusieurs préconisations ont ainsi pu être proposées afin d'augmenter l'intention et l'utilisation effective du protocole sur le terrain
When children are victims, their testimony is often central to the investigation process. In recent decades, several interview techniques have been developed and tested to ensure that the child's testimony is gathered under the best possible conditions. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) interview protocol currently appears to be one of the most recommended and validated techniques at the international level. It was included in the training programs of French gendarmes and police officers in 2016. However, since then, no study has examined the impact of this implementation on field practice. The objectives of this research are therefore to learn more about how child testimonies are gathered in France, to verify whether national and international recommendations have been followed, and whether the training courses provided have enabled the NICHD protocol to be effectively implemented. In 2021, most interviews with child victims were video-recorded and took place in a dedicated room. However, the majority of investigators interviewing children were not trained in the NICHD protocol. Moreover, child witnesses seemed to be interviewed under less optimal conditions. Investigators trained in the NICHD protocol reported adopting best practices in interviews more often than those who had not received such training. These self-reported practices, collected via an online questionnaire, were confirmed by an analysis of 92 interview reports and transcripts of pre- and post-training interviews. The pre-training interviews did not comply with the recommendations: invitations, although strongly recommended, were the questions least used; conversely, closed and suggestive questions accounted for 58% of the questions asked, although they should be avoided. In contrast, the post-training interviews were of much higher quality: they contained over 7 times more invitations, 2 times more facilitators, and 2 times fewer suggestive questions than the pre-training interviews. These results confirm the value of the French training in the NICHD protocol. However, despite the improvement in quality, there is still room for improvement in questioning: not all trained interviewers use the protocol all the time, and the time that has elapsed since training has led to a deterioration in the quality of questions. To better understand the reasons why French interviewers use or don't use the protocol, we mobilized a model of acceptance and usability of a new technology, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. We found that the more trained interviewers believe that the protocol help them to interview children better (performance expectation), and that it requires little effort to implement (effort expectation), the more they intend to use the NICHD protocol during interviews. This intention to use the NICHD protocol and the presence of sufficient material and intellectual resources (facilitating conditions) are important predictors of the actual use of the NICHD protocol in interviews. A number of recommendations have been put forward to increase the intention and effective use of the protocol in the field
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Schuman, John Philippe. "Questions for child witnesses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ42686.pdf.

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Hussey, Heather Joan Catriona. "Potential jurors' perceptions of child witnesses." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0151.

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This thesis describes research about potential jurors' beliefs about children as witnesses. Jurors' knowledge of memory, suggestibility and child sexual abuse was collected and analysed. The aim was to identify strengths or weaknesses in jurors' knowledge to further inform discussion on whether experts should provide evidence to jurors about children's memory, suggestibility and behaviour, in cases which involve child witnesses. This research showed that jurors from both Australia and America had correct beliefs about some characteristics of child witnesses, however they also had incorrect beliefs. The main areas where both Australian and American jurors' beliefs were incorrect was in the suggestibility and interrogation category, and the memory and ability to testify category; however both had some incorrect beliefs with respect to reactions to sexual abuse and disclosure about sexual abuse categories. These findings support the proposition that expert evidence would be beneficial in improving jurors' knowledge of child witnesses, particularly in the areas of children's suggestibility and responses to interrogation. Jurors' assessment of children's testimony is fundamental in some criminal cases, and therefore information obtained in this study has implications for any case where a child witness testifies.
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Andrews, Samantha J. "Child witnesses in Scottish criminal courts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268512.

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Gathering evidence from young and vulnerable witnesses requires special care, and subjecting them to the traditional adversarial form of examination and cross-examination – often characterized by overly leading, complex, and confusing questioning – has come under increased scrutiny. The present program of research was designed to investigate: 1) four features of lawyers’ questioning techniques (question type [Chapter 1], linguistic complexity [Chapter 2], question repetition [Chapter 3], and question content [Chapter 4]), 2) how these parameters affected children’s responses (including an in-depth analysis of children’s propensity to express uncertainty [Chapter 5]), and 3) whether the children’s ages affected the ways they were questioned or how they responded. The sample of court transcripts was drawn from 36 trials involving 56 children aged 5 to 17 years old who testified about alleged sexual abuse in Scotland between 2009 and 2014. Analyses showed that a large proportion of the questions posed to children by lawyers were suggestive questions that implied expected responses or introduced undisclosed information. Questions were overly complex linguistically, heavily repetitious, and focused to a large extent on peripheral elements of the allegations. In response, children acquiesced to suggestions most of the time and expressed uncertainty less than might be expected, given the nature of the questioning. Overall, both prosecutors and defense lawyers were insensitive to the capacities of children of different ages. The way children are questioned in court can have negative influences on the quality of the evidence obtained, regardless of the lawyers’ roles or the children’s ages. It is suggested that, in order for trials to be fair, evidence needs to be elicited in accordance with research-informed best-practice guidelines. More advanced training, the use of intermediaries, and the Barnahus model are discussed as potential ways to support the implementation of best-practice questioning strategies.
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Gal, Tali, and tali gal@anu edu au. "Victims to Partners: Child Victims and Restorative Justice." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061114.100521.

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Children belong to one of the most vulnerable population groups to crime. Child victims of crime have to overcome the difficulties emerging from their victimization as well as those resulting from their participation in the adversarial criminal justice process. Child victims are typically treated by legal systems as either mere witnesses -- prosecutorial instruments -- or as objects of protection. Children's human rights and their needs beyond immediate protection are typically ignored. ¶ This thesis combines an examination of children's human rights (articulated largely in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child) with a review of psycho-social literature on children's needs. It integrates the two disciplines thus creating a `needs-rights' model regarding child victims. This model is then used to evaluate the criminal justice process and its successes (and failures) in meeting the needs and rights of child victims. Such an integrated needs-rights evaluation identifies not only the difficulties associated with testifying in court and being interviewed multiple times. It goes beyond these topical issues, and uncovers other shortcomings of the current legal system such as the lack of true participation of child victims in the decision-making process, the neglect of rehabilitative and developmental interests of victimized children, and the inherent inability of the adversarial process to seek proactively the best interests of child victims. ¶ The thesis further explores an alternative to the criminal justice process -- that of restorative justice -- and examines its applicability to child victims. Unlike the criminal justice paradigm, restorative justice fosters the equal participation of the stakeholders (in particular victims, offenders and their communities), and focuses on their emotional and social rehabilitation while respecting their human rights. To explore the suitability of restorative justice for child victims, five restorative justice schemes from New Zealand, Australia and Canada and their evaluation studies are reviewed. Each of these schemes has included child victims, and most of them have dealt with either sexual assaults of children or family violence and abuse. Yet each of the evaluated schemes illuminates different concerns and proposes varying strategies for meeting the needs-rights of child victims. ¶ While these schemes demonstrate the significant potential of restorative justice to better address the full scope of the needs and rights of child victims, they uncover emerging concerns as well. Therefore, in the last part of the thesis, the needs-rights model is used once again to derive subsidiary principles for action, to maximize the benefits of restorative justice for child victims and minimize the related risks. A complex set of needs and rights is managed by a method of grouping them into needs-rights clusters and deriving from them simple heuristics for practitioners to follow. This clustering method of needs-rights-heuristics is a methodological contribution of the research to the psychology of law.
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Books on the topic "Child witnesses and victims"

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S, Goodman Gail, and Bottoms Bette L, eds. Child victims, child witnesses: Understanding and improving testimony. New York: Guilford Press, 1993.

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Sheila Clark & Associates. and British Columbia. Victim Services Division., eds. Working with aboriginal child victim witnesses. [Vancouver, B.C.]: British Columbia, Ministry of Attorney General, 1996.

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Innovation, Institute for Educational, ed. Child victims as witnesses: What the research says. Newton, MA: Education Development Center, 1993.

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United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, ed. Interviewing child witnesses and victims of sexual abuse. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2006.

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United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention., ed. Interviewing child witnesses and victims of sexual abuse. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2002.

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Law, Centre for Child. Justice: For child victims and witnesses of crimes. Pretoria: Pretoria University Law Press, 2008.

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Yuille, John C. Child victims and witnesses: The social science and legal literatures. Ottawa: Dept. of Justice Canada, 1988.

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Brennan, Mark. Strange language: Child victims under cross examination. 3rd ed. Wagga Wagga, N.S.W: Riverina Literary Centre, 1988.

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United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention., ed. Interviewing child witnesses and victims of sexual abuse: Portable guides to investigating child abuse. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1996.

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Irit, Hershkowitz, and Orbach Yael, eds. Tell me what happened: Structured investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Child witnesses and victims"

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Pozzulo, Joanna, Craig Bennell, and Adelle Forth. "Child Victims and Witnesses." In Forensic Psychology, 137–63. New York: Psychology Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315665153-6.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Child Victims’ and Child Witnesses’ Rights Act." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 411–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_670.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Child Victims’ and Child Witnesses’ Rights Act." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 586–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_670.

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Lahtinen, Hanna-Mari, and Maria Hietajärvi. "Developing investigative interviewing practice in Finland – starting from child victims and witnesses." In Routledge International Handbook of Investigative Interviewing and Interrogation, 448–59. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003424444-38.

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Cyr, Mireille. "The Revised NICHD Protocol." In Conducting Interviews with Child Victims of Abuse and Witnesses of Crime, 102–33. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003265351-6.

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Cyr, Mireille. "Conclusion." In Conducting Interviews with Child Victims of Abuse and Witnesses of Crime, 159–69. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003265351-8.

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Cyr, Mireille. "Suggestibility in children." In Conducting Interviews with Child Victims of Abuse and Witnesses of Crime, 31–53. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003265351-3.

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Cyr, Mireille. "Children's development." In Conducting Interviews with Child Victims of Abuse and Witnesses of Crime, 54–84. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003265351-4.

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Cyr, Mireille. "Memory in children." In Conducting Interviews with Child Victims of Abuse and Witnesses of Crime, 15–30. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003265351-2.

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Cyr, Mireille. "Empirical studies on the NICHD Protocol and testimony in court." In Conducting Interviews with Child Victims of Abuse and Witnesses of Crime, 134–58. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003265351-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Child witnesses and victims"

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Milojević, Marija. "PRUŽANjE USLUGA CENTRA ZA SOCIJALNI RAD U KRIVIČNOM POSTUPKU." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.897m.

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In this paper, the author deals with the role of the Center for Social Work in criminal proceedings. In her introductory remarks, the author points out the reasons she was guided by when deciding to deal with this problem and the need for a comprehensive overview of the services provided by the Center for Social Work to criminal procedure bodies and other subjects in the procedure. Then, the participation of the Center in a special type of procedure against juvenile offenders is analyzed. In addition, the Center for Social Work participates in criminal proceedings in which a child or a minor appears as a victim or a witness to a crime. In that part, the service of conducting a forensic interview with a child is analyzed, which can also be conducted in the premises of the Center for Social Work by trained individuals employed in the Center. Finally, the paper covers and highlights the specifics of the services of the Center for Social Work in the case of committing the crime of domestic violence. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of multisectoral cooperation, which is crucial in conducting criminal proceedings in which the private sphere of individuals is involved (in domestic violence) or in conducting criminal proceedings against juvenile offenders or proceedings in which minors are victims or witnesses of criminal offenses where, regarding their age, there are particularly vulnerable subjects.
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Harris, Katherine. "904 Safeguarding children who are victims and witnesses in criminal cases: a review of the protections in place in the UK." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Glasgow, 23–25 May 2023. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-rcpch.450.

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MESESAN SCHMITZ, Luiza Iuliana, Ion NEGRILA, Vlad BATRANU-PINTEA, Claudiu COMAN, and Ovidiu TODERICI. "PREVENTING VIOLENCE IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/s08.36.

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Violence is an evil that surrounds today's society because Humana beings are violent by naturally due to their Needle to protection and defend themselves. Violence in the EDUCATION field is understood as the intentional harmful action or omission carried out between members of the EDUCATION community (students, teachers, parents, administrative staff, others EDUCATION actors) and which takes place in the physical premises of the Educational Unit (school infrastructures), or in other spaces directly related to the school (around the Educational Unit or places where extracurricular activities are carried out). It is a phenomenon that must be jointly assumed by EDUCATION authorities, teachers, parents, and students themselves who have the right to exercise their voice _ _ establish preventive rather than corrections actions. From an early age, children learn that violence is a brave way to resolve various personal conflicts, especially if they have suffered in the home, either as victims of bullying or as witnesses. Violence is gradually becoming the usual way of expressing different emotional states, such as anger, frustration or fear, a situation that is not limited exclusively to the family, but will invariably drink have reflected in the interaction of each family member with society. The teacher in the EDUCATION field shows the opportunity to identify and even preventively risky situations for students, being able to relationship to the child and his family, thus favoring prevention in the EDUCATION community. The family is very important for the prevention of violence in the EDUCATION system because they become role models for their children.
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Ranđelović, Višnja. "VICTIMS AND WITNESSES ASSISTANCE SERVICES BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT." In International scientific conference challenges and open issues of service law. Vol. 2. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxmajsko2.441r.

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The commission of a large number of international crimes during armed conflicts entails mass victimization, and therefore a large number of victims and witnesses who participate in proceedings before international criminal courts. The great traumatic experience of these victims and witnesses, the fact that they have to testify in front of a court that is relocated in relation to the country of residence, as well as the fear of appearing before the court and possibly meeting the defendant, requires that the victims and witnesses who participate in the proceedings before the international criminal courts are provided with comprehensive protection, assistance and support. In this sense, special units for victims and witnesses have been established, which within the framework of international criminal courts provide victims and witnesses with a variety of services aimed at ensuring their protection, assistance and support. The paper specifically examines the normative arrangement of the Victims and Witnesses Unit within the International Criminal Court, as well as the practical implementation of the services that this Unit provides to victims and witnesses, starting with preparing their arrival at the seat of the Court, through the testimony itself, to ensuring their safe return to the country residence.
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Chmutova, N. A. "ESTABLISHMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTACT DURING THE INTERROGATION OF WITNESSES AND VICTIMS." In DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN THE WORLD: NEW CHALLENGES, 40–44. Baltija Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-474-0-12.

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Stevanović, Ivana, and Ljubinka Marković. "The Position of Juvenile Victims and Witnesses in Criminal Proceedings – Where are We Now and What is Next?" In The Position of Victims in the Republic of Serbia. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/palic2024.12.

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In this paper, the authors analyze the position of juveniles who are victims and witnesses in criminal proceedings in the Republic of Serbia and the compliance of the national legislative framework with international and European standards regarding the rights, support and protection of juveniles as particularly vulnerable victims and witnesses. Emphasizing the importance of defining a strategic framework and the necessity of improving the normative framework, the authors insist that the greatest challenge in this field will be establishing a network of Victim and Witness Support Services at the national level and, in order to achieve this, a precise plan for gradually enhancing the availability of the network is essential, both in terms of geographical coverage and diversity of available services, with a clearly defined development timeline. They also indicate that without dedicated rooms featuring audio and visual transmission devices, it is impossible to prevent secondary victimization of minors during their testimonies in criminal proceedings. Furthermore, continuous specialized training and education for all participants in the process are crucial.
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Pavlović, Svetlana, and Violeta Tadić. "Support for Child Victims in Crisis Situations." In The Position of Victims in the Republic of Serbia. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/palic2024.14.

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In this paper, we are going to deal with the concept of crisis in educational institutions, theoretically and practically, and analyze different forms of these crisis situations, with a focus on school shootings. Researchers have shown that the negative consequences of school shootings include diverse and long-term trauma symptoms (e.g. PTSD, depression) for students, school staff and families. The issue is particularly discussed in the paper is psychosocial support for children in crisis. On the example of the school shooting in Belgrade, we are going to present and analyze interventions and activities that have been suitabled after the massacre for children in this school and also for children all over the country. Previous models suggest that appropriate crisis interventions can minimize the duration and intensity of childrens’ reactions. Most important to strengthen the network of support in the immediate environment of victims and survivors, and provide professional psychosocial support.
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Алексеева, Надежда Григорьевна, and Вадим Сагитьянович Латыпов. "FEATURES OF REGULATORY REGULATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS IN RELATION TO MINOR VICTIMS AND WITNESSES." In Перспективные научные исследования молодых ученых. Теория и практика: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Тюмень, Июнь 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230628.2023.36.57.002.

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В статье рассмотрены особенности нормативного регулирования процедуры производства следственных действий с участием несовершеннолетних потерпевших и свидетелей. The article discusses the features of the regulatory regulation of the procedure for the production of investigative actions with the participation of minor victims and witnesses.
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Koryakovtsev, Vyacheslav Vasilievich. "The Testimony of Witnesses and Victims Who did not Appear at the Trial." In АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ И ПУБЛИЧНОГО ПРАВА. Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) ВГУЮ (РПА Минюста России), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/978-5-6042626-4-1_2019_2_9.

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Laena, Mohamad, and Riswadi Riswadi. "Legal Protection for Child Victims of Cyber Bullying." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2022, 16 April 2022, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-4-2022.2319752.

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Reports on the topic "Child witnesses and victims"

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Pitman, Roger K. Incidence and Psychophysiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Breast Cancer Victims and Witnesses. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb234468.

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Parkinson, Diana, and Milly Steele. Support Matters: An Overview of Services for Adult Victims/Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse. Centre of expertise on child sexual abuse, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47117/hvkl1364.

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In 2022 and 2023, the CSA Centre carried out a major research project to better understand the provision and availability of support services in England and Wales for people affected by child sexual abuse. Our research identified a wide range of dedicated and committed services providing support to victims/survivors through a diverse and often innovative delivery offer. Yet it was clear that this fell a long way short of meeting the need for support, and that many services were on a precarious and uncertain financial footing. A ‘postcode lottery’ was evident in terms of the likelihood that victims/survivors could access support that met their needs, although there was shortage everywhere. This document summarises the research findings and their implications, with a particular focus on the support available for adults who have been sexually abused as children.
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Whiteman, Elayna, and Jonathan Röders. The Role of Education in Child Soldier Reintegration. Trust After Betrayal Research Brief Series, September 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59498/07744.

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This research brief explores the vital role of education in the reintegration of former child soldiers, who are often forcibly recruited or join armed groups under socio-economic pressures. Education is essential for reintegrating these children by equipping them with the skills needed for employment and stable lives. However, several barriers hinder their access, including financial constraints, psychological trauma, social stigma, and community rejection. Many education programs, while crucial, often fail to fully address these complexities, especially for girls, and are typically underfunded and unsustainable in the long term. To improve the effectiveness of educational reintegration, the brief advocates for specialized curricula, trauma-informed teaching methods, and vocational training aligned with local economic needs. Community advocacy is also key to reducing stigma and promoting acceptance of these children as victims rather than perpetrators. It emphasizes peace education to prevent recidivism and promote peaceful conflict resolution.
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Sierra, Ricardo, and Inder J. Ruprah. Mothers Are Right: Eat Your Vegetables And Keep Away From The Girls (Boys): Bullying Victimization Profile in the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008446.

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About 29 percent of teenagers are bullied at school in the Caribbean. Victims of bullying are more lonely, sleep less, and have fewer friends than do their nonbullied peers. Although victims of bullying eat more frequently at fast food restaurants, they also experience more periods of hunger than do nonbullied children. Acting out with the goal of being considered a "cool" teenager does not work; even if adolescents frequently smoke cigarettes, bullies may still intimidate and harass them. The opposite is true for virgins. Good parenting can, however, make a difference in preventing a child from being a victim of bullying. Growing international evidence has shown that school-based programs can reduce the prevalence of bullying and that bullying has long-term negative consequences into adult life (for both bullies and victims).
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Slade, Michael K., and Russel T. Warne. A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Play Therapy for Child Victims of Abuse. Journal of Young Investigators, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.30.4.36-43.

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Kewley, Stephanie, and Shauna Breen. Funding and Commissioning Child Sexual Abuse Services: Why It’s Important, and How to Do It Well. Centre of expertise on child sexual abuse, January 2025. https://doi.org/10.47117/gyeh2337.

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Across England and Wales, services in the not-for-profit, statutory and private sectors are providing vital support for victims and survivors of child sexual abuse, and for their families – or are working to prevent that abuse from occurring or reoccurring. But the need for these services far outstrips their supply. If you are involved in allocating budgets to services in your local area, this brief guide will help you by setting out the need for more (and more effective) funding and commissioning of child sexual abuse services; and by signposting you to resources which can help you understand the local need for those services and support them in meeting that need.
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Albert, Jose Ramon, Ma Teresa Habitan, Aubrey Tabuga, Jana Flor Vizmanos, Mika Muñoz, and Angelo Hernandez. Long-Term Effects of Labor Migration in the Philippines: “Napakasakit, Kuya Eddie!”. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.17.

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As the country witnesses a steady export of its human resources, it becomes imperative to explore not only the immediate impacts of labor migration on the Philippine economy but also its long-term consequences on both the overseas Filipino workers and the families they leave behind. This study examines the various effects of labor migration on OFWs and their families, including the economic benefits and social costs (e.g., family dynamics, child outcomes in terms of labor, health, education) of the diaspora, and what the government has done to assist these modern-day heroes. Remittances sent home by OFWs have become a major contributor to the Philippine economy, representing around 10 percent of gross domestic product. This provides income for families and supports consumer spending. However, labor migration has led to divided families and complex transnational relationships between OFWs and their families in the Philippines. While remittances support loved ones, being miles away from loved ones can cause psychic pains. Findings from interviews with OFWs and their families also suggest that young OFWs dream of retiring early but may not be provided systematic support for financial literacy. The paper calls for strengthening the reinforcement of legal frameworks, enhancing the labor market, improving social protection programs for OFWs and their families, equipping them with the necessary skills to achieve financial sustainability, and regularly monitoring OFW conditions for evidence-informed policymaking.
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