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Butterfield, Alice K., James L. Scherrer, and Katarzyna Olcon. "Addressing poverty and child welfare: The integrated Community Development and Child Welfare Model of practice." International Social Work 60, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815594861.
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The Integrated Community Development and Child Welfare Model (CD-CW) engages workers with families and communities to reduce poverty, and at the same time, improve the well-being of children. Skill building in asset-based development, family enterprise, and child trauma is delivered through a three-stage, applied training model. CD-CW was pilot tested and implemented with 100 livelihood and child welfare workers in Ethiopia. Data from Learning Portfolios, team consultations, and a 2-day evaluation retreat are reported. Findings include the importance of using asset-based assessments, applied assignments, and integrated training to address poverty directly as a root cause of child maltreatment.
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Bending, Raymond L. "Training Child Welfare Workers to Meet the Requirements of the Indian Child Welfare Act." Journal of Multicultural Social Work 5, no. 3-4 (May 15, 1997): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j285v05n03_03.
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Hall, Martin T., Jeanelle Sears, and Matthew T. Walton. "Motivational Interviewing in Child Welfare Services: A Systematic Review." Child Maltreatment 25, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559519893471.
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Families in the child welfare (CW) system who cannot be engaged in services are at high risk of negative outcomes. As motivational interviewing (MI) has been shown to improve engagement in similar contexts. This study aimed to systematically review MI with CW families as well as MI training with CW workers and social work students training to become CW workers. The review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and searched multiple databases in June 2018. In September 2019, the initial search was repeated with additional searches to identify gray literature. Eight studies described the acquisition of MI among CW workers or student trainees, and 11 studies evaluated the impact of MI on families in CW. MI’s impact on some family outcomes, such as engagement in services, was mixed, though MI paired with other evidence-based treatments showed positive effects. With regard to training CW workers and students in MI, differences in training duration, intensity, and modality make conclusions difficult, though trainees generally described MI favorably and some studies showed training increased worker empathy and self-efficacy. Importantly, few published studies have evaluated whether MI-trained CW workers impact out-of-home-care placement, and no studies have evaluated their impact on maltreatment.
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Cherry, Donna, Bruce Dalton, and Angela Dugan. "Self-Efficacy in Newly-Hired Child Welfare Workers." Advances in Social Work 15, no. 2 (February 12, 2014): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/12140.
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Child abuse and neglect in the United States resulted in 676,569 reports in 2011 (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 2012). Workers in this field struggle with low pay, high caseloads, inadequate training and supervision, and risk of violence, all of which contribute to worker burnout and poor worker retention rates. Worker self-efficacy is predictive of worker retention, job performance, and persistence in this difficult field. This paper reports the development of a new measure of self-efficacy from a sample of 395 child welfare workers. Factor analysis revealed two domains of self-efficacy, direct practice and indirect practice, which can be modestly predicted by worker characteristics upon hire and the training program the workers attend. Worker self-efficacy can be used to identify vulnerable workers who may be especially in need of strong supervisory support as well as understand who to target for recruitment. A review of the literature of self-efficacy in child welfare workers is included.
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Apeli, Aleo Nipher, and Dr Johnbosco M. Kisimbii. "Determinants Influencing the Performance of Child Welfare Protection Project: A Case of Charitable Children Institutions in Kilifi County, Kenya." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.503.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the key determinants influencing the performance of child welfare protection project in Kilifi county, Kenya. The study aimed to achieve the following objectives: to examine the extent to which training of workers influences performance of child welfare protection project, to determine the extent to which stakeholder engagement influences performance of child welfare protection project, to establish the extent to which availability of financial resources influences performance of child welfare protection project and to assess how monitoring and evaluation approaches influences the performance of child welfare protection project.Methodology: The study adopted the descriptive research design. The target population was 20 directors and 110 project workers which summed to 130 persons. The study sampled 101 respondents which included (15) directors and (86) project workers in the social department of 15 child charitable institutions. Purposive sampling and proportionate sampling were utilized respectively. Primary data was collected by use of close ended questionnaire and the return rate was 70%. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version) latest version. The study results were presented through frequency tables and narratives analysis.Results: The findings clearly depict that all determiners: training of workers, stakeholder engagement, availability of financial resources and monitoring and evaluation approaches were present in child welfare projects constituting of the composite mean of 3.9468, 2.988, 3.6798 and 3,9434 respectively while the dependent variable had a composite mean of 4.34. Hypothesis was tested on each alternative as per the objective using the simple Chi square test determined that training of workers had no significant influence on the performance of child welfare protection projects while stakeholder engagement, availability of financial resources and monitoring and evaluation had a significant influence on the performance of child welfare protection projects.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends that further research be conducted on training to provide more insight of this variable. The study recommends training of workers through university-agency partnerships be fortified to bring about new ideas and skills among project workers in addition, firms should ensure child welfare practitioners are endowed with valuable M&E skills and suitable approaches to meet the set target and objectives.
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Thomas, Madhavappallil, and Barbara Reifel. "Child Welfare Workers’ Knowledge and Use of a Resilience Approach in Out-of-Home Care." Advances in Social Work 11, no. 1 (May 17, 2010): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/246.
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This paper examines child welfare workers’ use of resilience-based knowledge and intervention in a public child welfare system in a county in California. The data for the study were collected from child welfare workers who worked with out-of-home care children (n= 102). Descriptive analysis including chi-square tests was carried out. Findings show that a significant majority of child welfare workers are able to correctly identify risk and protective factors that are central to the concept of resilience. Although a significant majority recognizes the importance of using a resilience-based approach, most workers without a degree in social work are not familiar with it and are not currently using it in their practice. In terms of familiarity with and in the use of resilience-based assessment and interventions, significant differences were found to exist between workers with degrees in social work and workers without degrees in social work. Implications for social work education, agency training, and practice in child welfare are discussed.
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Wilke, Dina J., Sarah Rakes, and Karen A. Randolph. "Predictors of Early Departure among Recently Hired Child Welfare Workers." Social Work 64, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/swz020.
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Abstract Child welfare workforce turnover has been well studied, although there is limited understanding of factors related to the timing of departure. This study examines predictors of early job departure among newly hired child welfare workers. Data come from the first two waves of a longitudinal study. The sample for this analysis included 1,257 respondents. Hierarchical logistical regression was used to investigate worker characteristics and organizational influences on early departure. Early leavers, or those who left within the first six months, were 14.8 percent (n = 186) of the sample. Regression results indicated that two worker characteristics—years of previous work experience and major of college degree—predicted early departure. Two measures of organizational influences during the transition from training to casework were significant predictors of early departure: (1) caseload size the first week after training and (2) role ambiguity. These findings suggest that organizational attention to the orientation and socialization of newly hired child welfare professionals are likely to be instrumental to preventing early turnover.
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Bunger, Alicia C., Arlene R. Stiffman, Kirk A. Foster, and Peichang Shi. "Child Welfare Workers’ Connectivity to Resources and Youth’s Receipt of Services." Advances in Social Work 10, no. 1 (March 19, 2009): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/196.
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Youth involved in the child welfare system are at high risk for mental illness, substance abuse, and other behavioral health issues, which child welfare workers are expected to address through referrals. Child welfare workers (N=27) who participated in Project IMPROVE (Intervention for Multisector Provider Enhancement) reported on services they provided to youth (N=307) in their caseloads. Using survey and administrative data, this paper examines workers’ service actions on behalf of youth. Results were consistent with the Gateway Provider Model and showed that youths received help from a greater variety of service sectors when their workers were able to identify behavioral health problems, and were familiar with and connected to other providers in the community. Improving service delivery to youth in child welfare may be accomplished by training workers in the signs and symptoms of behavioral health problems and familiarizing them with providers in the community.
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Genç, Burcu, and Sema Buz. "Child welfare workers’ resilience and coping styles in Ankara, Turkey." International Social Work 63, no. 5 (July 31, 2020): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872820940005.
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This study aims to elucidate child welfare workers’ resilience and coping styles. Data were collected via questionnaire, specifically the Resilience Scale (RS) and Coping Style Scales-Brief Form (CSS-BF). RS-based results indicated intermediate professional resilience ( n = 108) wherein professionals protect their resilience with training and peer support or coaching. Emotion-focused coping methods were also found to be effective. Using different methods than those used in this study, future research on professional resilience in other social work areas is recommended.
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Collins, Mary Elizabeth, Sook Hyun Kim, Cassandra Clay, and Judith Perlstein. "Addressing issues of globalization in the training of public child welfare workers." International Social Work 52, no. 1 (January 2009): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872808097752.
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Werkmeister Rozas, Lisa, Milagros Marrero-Johnson, and Tracy Davis. "Educating Bilingual Social Workers for the Child Welfare Workforce." Advances in Social Work 22, no. 2 (November 8, 2022): 499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24973.
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Spanish/English bilingual (SEB) speaking social workers are in high demand, particularly in the area of Child Welfare. Most require training and institutional support to increase their cultural and linguistic competence, yet the majority receive no specific education or support. As a result, many encounter inequities in the workforce. Research points to several elements that are essential to the education and development of SEB social workers. They include professional terminology, supervision in Spanish, and the opportunity to integrate theory and practice. To respond to the needs of a growing Spanish-speaking population, the UConn BSW Program has added a Child Welfare and Protection (CWP) track. CWP is designed to provide BSW SEB speaking students with specialized knowledge and experience to meet the needs of Latinx families served by the Connecticut Department of Children and Families (CT DCF). This paper describes how the UConn BSW program and DCF collaborated to re-envision social work education for SEB students and contribute to distributive justice for client and worker. The CWP Track prepares BSW students to work with a range of Spanish-speaking clients while facilitating institutional support including incentives to create a much-needed workforce pipeline for SEB social work students interested in child welfare.
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Radey, Melissa, Lisa Schelbe, and Erin A. King. "Field Training Experiences of Child Welfare Workers: Implications for Supervision and Field Education." Clinical Social Work Journal 47, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10615-018-0669-2.
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Zlotnik, Joan Levy, and Llewellyn J. Cornelius. "Preparing Social Work Students for Child Welfare Careers: The Use of Title IV-E Training Funds in Social Work Education." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.5.2.1.
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Child welfare agencies are seeking ways to improve the competency of their staff. As a result of partnership efforts between social work education programs and public child welfare agencies, an increasing number of BSW and MSW programs have accessed Title IV-E training funds to support the social work education of current and potential child welfare workers. This article reports on a survey of the use of this funding stream in social work education. It identifies (1) trends in its use, (2) characteristics of programs that do and do not receive funding, and (3) the impact of this funding source on social work education. The findings also reflect on the impact of use of Title IV-E funds on child welfare training in the United States.
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Postmus, Judy L., and Debora Ortega. "Serving Two Masters: When Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Overlap." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 86, no. 4 (October 2005): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3453.
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Does exposure to domestic violence indicate a form of child maltreatment? It is imperative that child welfare workers identify and use interventions that protect families from domestic violence and eliminate harm to children without further stigmatizing victimized women. The research described in this article attempts a first step in understanding the factors involved in the decision making process of child welfare supervisors in domestic violence cases. Findings indicate that the attitudes and beliefs of child welfare supervisors about the overlap between domestic violence and child abuse are influenced by personal experiences, professional longevity, and training.
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Hernandez-Mekonnen, Robin, and Dawn Konrady. "Title IV-E Child Welfare Training and University Partnerships: Transforming State Child Protection Services into a Trauma-Informed System." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (September 24, 2017): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21323.
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Children who are involved in the child welfare system have experienced trauma, and research indicates that parents of those children also frequently grapple with their own unresolved trauma. In addition, child welfare workers face high rates of secondary traumatic stress. Federal legislation from 2011 requires states to conduct universal trauma screening on children in foster care. The Administration on Children and Families (ACF) urges state Child Protection agencies (CPS) to become trauma-informed, however, many states still struggle to integrate a trauma focused practice model. This article describes the outcomes of a national, empirically driven, Core Concepts in Child Trauma for Child Welfare curriculum utilized in a Title IV-E university partnership program to teach graduate level child welfare agency supervisors. Findings suggest that the graduate trauma course demonstrates statistically significant gains in confidence, and also has a profound impact on the agency’s transformation into a trauma-informed system
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Vinokur-Kaplan, Diane. "A National Survey of In-Service Training Experiences of Child Welfare Supervisors and Workers." Social Service Review 61, no. 2 (June 1987): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/644441.
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Radey, Melissa, and Lauren Stanley. "Beginning the “never-ending” learning process: Training experiences of newly-hired child welfare workers." Children and Youth Services Review 104 (September 2019): 104378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.06.013.
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Douglas, Emily M. "Child Welfare Workers' Training, Knowledge, and Practice Concerns Regarding Child Maltreatment Fatalities: An Exploratory, Multi-State Analysis." Journal of Public Child Welfare 6, no. 5 (November 2012): 659–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2012.723975.
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Greeno, Elizabeth Jane, Lisa Fedina, Berenice Rushovich, Caroline Burry, Debra Linsenmeyer, and Christopher Wirt. "The Impact of a Title IV-E Program on Perceived Practice Skills for Child Welfare Students: A Review of Five MSW Cohorts." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 2 (December 17, 2017): 474–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21058.
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Title IV-E Education for Public Child Welfare training programs are designed to build knowledge and practice skills among students and current child welfare workers in efforts to build a competent and highly trained workforce. A mixed methods study was conducted to: 1) measure changes in MSW Title IV-E students' perceived confidence to perform skills across 13 practice content areas for public child welfare practice, and 2) to explore students’ perceptions of their competency for child welfare practice. This study also focused on the impact of prior child welfare experiences on perceived child welfare knowledge and skills among Title IV-E students. A total of 224 Title IV-E MSW students over the course of five academic cohorts participated in this study. Surveys were conducted at three time points: pretest, posttest, and retrospective pretest. Twenty focus groups were conducted during the study time period. Findings indicate gains across all practice content areas with the largest gains in areas of working with the courts and conducting assessments. Qualitative findings assessing student's perception of competency to practice in child welfare include themes of students’ preparation to practice post-graduation and differences between the students’ experiences in the IV-E program and what they witness in the field. Specific practice area recommendations include addressing workers’ age and prior experience in Title IV-E seminars and trainings as well the importance of Title IV-E field instructors in helping to prepare students for child welfare practice.
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McDonald, Chad, Kristine A. Campbell, Cole Benson, Matthew J. Davis, and Caren J. Frost. "Workforce Development and Multiagency Collaborations: A Presentation of Two Case Studies in Child Welfare." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 10190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810190.
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Background: Two disciplines that work in the child welfare arena, social welfare and healthcare, are crucial for addressing families’ and children’s needs in social, emotional, and physical healthcare situations. How child welfare workers are trained and how healthcare teams collaborate with other stakeholders in the child welfare system is crucial in meeting and sustaining the needs of families and children. Methods: We demonstrate two case examples, one focusing on enhanced learning tools through virtual reality (VR) and the other on strengthening collaborations between healthcare teams and the child welfare system. Results: For the VR training tool, 79% of participants indicated they would recommend the VR learning tool as effective in developing skills in the child welfare workforce. In response to the learning collaborative project, child welfare participants reported positive impressions regarding collaborative practices while identifying system-level barriers to implementation. Conclusion: Findings from these two case studies provide insights from which to consider system development for designing and implementing sustainable improvements in child welfare approaches to families and children referred for suspected maltreatment.
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Burke, Judith L., Anne M. Dannerbeck, and J. Wilson Watt. "Meeting the parenting skills needs of neglectful families by training child welfare workers as educators." Journal of Children and Poverty 5, no. 1 (September 1999): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10796129908413959.
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Toros, Karmen, and Michael C. LaSala. "Estonian child protection workers’ assessment perspectives: The need for competence and confidence." International Social Work 61, no. 1 (November 27, 2015): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815603788.
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After years of Soviet occupation, the country of Estonia is in transition, as are their newly developed child protection services. This quantitative study examines Estonian child protection workers’ perspectives about child welfare work and assessment in the context of children in need. These findings indicate that workers seem to overly rely on a deficit-based, as opposed to a strengths-based approach and lack skills for understanding their role, conducting assessments and engaging in trusting relationships with children and families. These findings suggest a possible holdover from Soviet philosophies, but definitely indicate the need for further training.
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Jaggers, Jeremiah W., Aurene Wilford, Ileana Anderson, and Joanna Bettmann. "Perceived Effectiveness of Parent Representation Social Workers by Legal Professionals Involved with Indigent Defendants." Advances in Social Work 21, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24249.
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The total number of children in the U.S. foster care system exceeds 428,000. Previous research indicates that when social workers and legal professionals work together, children and their families benefit significantly. Parents who effectively engage in the child welfare system are more likely to benefit from services and reunify with their children. The present study employed a phenomenological approach to explore how a parent representation pilot, which paired social workers with public defenders to better represent the needs of families in the child welfare system, was experienced by legal professionals. Judges and family court attorneys (n = 9) found the program to be helpful in reunifying families. Public defenders were able to leverage the social worker’s skills and experience to facilitate more positive outcomes, while reducing case burden. Challenges were also identified and included a lack of interdisciplinary training, potential overlap in ethical responsibilities, and role confusion. Structured intervention programs that encourage collaboration between social workers and legal professionals may improve case outcomes for indigent families involved in the child welfare system. It is advised that social work undertake a formal multidisciplinary approach in support of public defenders, which may serve to encourage positive case outcomes.
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Hebert, Corie G., and Heidi Kulkin. "Attending to foster parent grief: exploring the use of grief awareness training for child welfare workers." Adoption & Fostering 40, no. 2 (July 2016): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308575916644169.
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Natalier, Kristin. "Micro-aggressions, single mothers and interactions with government workers: The case of Australia’s child support bureaucracy." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 3 (May 24, 2017): 622–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317709358.
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This article analyses single mothers’ experiences of Australia’s child support bureaucracy, shifting the focus beyond problematic individual interactions to the discourses that shape them. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with 37 Australian single mothers, I argue that women’s interactions with Department of Human Services – Child Support (DHS-CS) are expressions of gender-focused micro-aggressions. These are interactions that express and reinforce social hierarchies and power differentials in sometimes subtle and often taken-for-granted ways. I argue these interactions are structured by the dominant gendered welfare discourse that constitutes the welfare mother and legitimates masculine financial discretion. Thus, any attempt to address client concerns about the failings of DHS-CS, and by extension other government bureaucracies, must extend beyond ‘training’ and administrative processes, and engage with the more challenging strategies of socio-cultural change.
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Plum, M. Colette. "Lost Childhoods in a New China: Child-Citizen-Workers at War, 1937–1945." European Journal of East Asian Studies 11, no. 2 (2012): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-20121106.
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This article examines the emerging discourse of child-citizen-workers in wartime China and demonstrates how this concept of children’s citizenship was put into practice in work training programs within wartime children’s homes. This article argues that the idea of child-citizen-workers grew from three pre-war antecedents that converged and were greatly accelerated by China’s war with Japan: the new idea of an autonomous sphere of childhood articulated during the early Republican period; a progressive education movement to introduce labor training and experiential learning as essential elements of modern education; and Nationalist state-building and activist efforts at family reform, which viewed traditional parents with distrust and increasingly intervened in family life. The second half of the article focuses particularly on orphans, who were considered potentially unstable social elements due to their position outside the control of families, and whose lack of parental protection made them available for appropriation. This article demonstrates that the war opened up a space in which Guomindang state-builders, working with educators and childcare workers, attempted to restructure orphans lives within wartime child welfare institutions to realize a vision for China’s future: the ideal of child-citizen-workers habituated toward sacrifice for the nation.
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Beddoe, Liz, Irene De Haan, and Eileen Joy. "‘If you could change two things’: Social workers in schools talk about what could improve schools' responses to child abuse and neglect." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 30, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol30iss1id420.
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INTRODUCTION: Given recent legislative changes to the child welfare system in Aotearoa New Zealand, it was deemed timely to examine the challenges faced by school-based social workers and other school professionals in responding to child abuse and neglect (CAN).METHOD: A qualitative study of school professionals’ responses to CAN included 20 semistructured interviews with school-based social workers. The participants were asked to describe two things that, from their perspective, would improve schools’ responses to CAN. This article reports on this aspect of the study.FINDINGS: Four main themes were identified in social workers’ responses: the necessity for improved training for teachers on CAN; better support for teachers; a more holistic approach to child wellbeing; and enhanced understanding of child welfare.IMPLICATIONS: These findings pose challenges to both initial teacher education and crossagency child protection. School social workers use their relationship skills and knowledge to act as bridges between teacher education, school leaders, teachers and the Ministry for Children Oranga Tamariki and believe they can do more.
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Owen, Lloyd. "Reflections on the past 30 years." Children Australia 30, no. 2 (2005): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010622.
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The journal was first established in 1976 with the title Australian Child and Family Welfare (quarterly), and it was known as such for the first 15 years of its existence. It was published by the Children’s Welfare Association of Victoria as the quarterly journal of the Child and Family Welfare Council of Australia. Co-editors were the Rev Denis Oakley and Dr Peter O’Connor. Denis tells us that the funds to get it started came from the Children’s Welfare Foundation. This foundation was an outstanding example of partnership between business and the non-government sector. Not without controversy, Denis performed on television in his clergyman clobber advertising products for Billy Guyatt stores, drawing in funds for the Foundation which were also applied to the establishment of Grassmere, a community-based youth facility, and to some research work into adoption and family law. The book review editor was Mr Cliff Picton, associate editor was Mr Max Liddell, Mr David Thackeray was business manager, Mr Vernon Knight was circulation manager and the committee providing support was Mrs Glenys Craig, Mr John Edwards, Mr Bill Hughes, Canon Neal Malloy OBE and Mrs Patsy Sebastian. It had a group of interstate representatives, Spencer Colliver, Ray Jenkins, Albert Kruipers, Rev Lyn Reilly, George Belchev, Adam Jamrozik, Geoff Aves and editorial consultants Concetta Ben, Prof Peter Boss, Spencer Colliver and Dr Len Tierney. In the editorial in the first issue was the explanation that the journal was being launched as so much was going on in child and family welfare, that there was a need for a forum. Many of the specialist journals failed to appeal to the broad readership in social welfare, whereas this journal would ‘aim for the broad spectrum of people who make up the vast army of workers in the child and family welfare field … Our concern is to open up discussion on policies and practices, to discuss innovations and the raising of standards.’
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Ban, Paul. "The Influence of Indigenous Perspectives of “Family” on some aspects of Australian & New Zealand Child Welfare Practice." Children Australia 18, no. 1 (1993): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003291.
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This article is written by a non indigenous person who has spent a number of years working with Torres Strait Islanders and is currently working in Victoria on a project that has its origins in Maori child care practice. The author has found that his work as a white social worker has been markedly influenced by contact with both Torres Strait Islander and Maori culture, and considers that this effect has been both positive and beneficial. White social workers for a number of years have been guilty of implementing an assimilationist policy where Governments treat indigenous people as though they are the same as white Australians. While this can be considered an equal treatment model, this policy and practice has been detrimental to the unique contribution indigenous people can provide to social work knowledge and understanding of child care practices. This article intends to share some insight into both these cultures and to hopefully influence readers to be more open when considering their dealings with indigenous people. Particular attention will be given to Torres Strait Islanders as they are indigenous Australians, with additional reference made to the influence of the Maoris in New Zealand.
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Zabel, Cordula. "Adult Workers in Theory or Practice?" Journal of Comparative Social Work 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 177–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v7i2.89.
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This paper examines lone mothers’ participation in active labour market programmes in Germany. Since the 2005 Hartz IV employment and welfare policy reforms, expectations that non-em- ployed parents receiving means-tested benefits should be ready for employment or labour market programme participation have grown stronger. However, discretion for programme assignments is left to individual caseworkers. As a consequence, it is not clear to what extent the formal policy orientation towards an adult worker model of the family is reflected in practical policy implemen- tations. Thus, lone mothers’ participation in active labour market programmes is studied empiri- cally here on the basis of large-scale administrative data, using event-history analysis. Findings are that lone mothers are treated as adult workers with respect to workfare and training pro- grammes even when their children are still quite young. As soon as their youngest child is 3 - 5 years old, lone mothers’ transition rates into these programmes are as high as for childless single women. In the case of programmes that provide more direct pathways into regular employment, like job subsidies and in-firm training programmes, however, participation rates for lone mothers of young children are substantially lower than for childless single women.
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Bertsch, Maria, and Bruce A. Bidgood. "Why is Adoption Like a First Nations’ Feast?: Lax Kw’alaam Indigenizing Adoptions in Child Welfare." First Peoples Child & Family Review 5, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069066ar.
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Have you ever wondered about how to be culturally-sensitive in adoption approaches with Aboriginal people? Have you wanted ideas on how to more effectively engage First Nations adoptive-parents? Did you consider how leadership for social workers could assist in adoption outcomes for Aboriginal children? This article chronicles a study of the adoption experiences of the members of a First Nations community in Northwestern British Columbia, Canada. The results indicated that despite an overwhelmingly negative history with the adoptions and child protection system, many First Nations people are not only open to adoption but perceive it as an integral part of their traditional parenting practices. There is an overarching desire to have children who have been previously adopted outside the community returned to their hereditary lands. A series of recommendations for a more culturally-sensitive adoption practice were identified including: 1) improved information, 2) on-going community-government consultation, 3) cultural preservation, 4) social work training, and 5) government policy changes. The article will encourage curiosity regarding social work leadership and how this framework can be instrumental when working with Aboriginal culture. The implications of the study for the role of social workers as leaders in the creation of a new, culturally-sensitive adoption practice are discussed.
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Archer-Kuhn, Beth, and Stefan De Villiers. "Gendered Practices in Child Protection: Shifting Mother Accountability and Father Invisibility in Situations of Domestic Violence." Social Inclusion 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i1.1768.
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This article reports on an exploratory, qualitative, multiple-methods study that included individual interviews and a focus group with child protection services (CPS) workers in a large city in Alberta, Canada. The findings illuminate current CPS worker practices in situations of domestic violence where inclusion and exclusion decisions are made for service provision, and the ways in which documents reflect these day-to-day practices; how service user descriptions are constructed and reconstructed, the social problem of domestic violence conceptualized, and the ways in which professional development training encourages critical thinking about existing practices to create new solutions for families experiencing domestic violence. Thematic analysis reveals three themes about CPS workers’ experience: 1) current practices reflect invisibility of men and accountability of women; 2) personal and professional shift in perspectives on who to work with, gender expectations, and how CPS are delivered; and 3) reflexive practice into potential intervention strategies and professional development training. The findings suggest specific recommendations for practice including the need to engage men in child welfare practice, shift perspective about service delivery with families experiencing domestic violence, and account for gender norms and practices in service delivery.
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Zahoor, Tahira, Ayesha Babar Kawish, Najm Us Saqib Khan, Azka Abid, Hina Sharif, Uzma Urooj, and Tahir Butt. "JOB SATISFACTION AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG CHILD PROTECTION OFFICERS, PUNJAB PAKISTAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 70, no. 4 (March 4, 2022): 1193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v70i4.4399.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To assess the job satisfaction among officers, working in Child Protection and Welfare Bureau ofPunjab (CPWB).
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study conducted in 7 working Child Protection and Welfare Bureaus of Punjab,from Nov 2018 to May 2019.
Methodology: There are 7 Child Protection and Welfare Bureaus in Punjab and 75 child protection officers all are selected for census data collection. The study has been done on child protection officers of Punjab.
Results: Fifty three percent were male respondents and female were 47% while married respondents were40 (60%). Education status was postgraduate and M. Phil 18 (25%). Permanent employees were 40 (57%) andmostly (40%) had experience of work more than 10 years. Fifty seven percent (n=40) child protection officers were unsatisfied for nature of work. Sixty two (88.6%) were unsatisfied with their interpersonal relationships with co-workers. Thirty seven (52.9%) were unsatisfied due to their pay & allowances. Thirty eight (54.3%) wereunsatisfied from working environment. Thirty eight (54.3%) were unsatisfied from training.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study identified multiple factors that contribute to worker satisfaction. Whenadequate support is provided, there is a reduction in stress, which leads to higher levels of job satisfaction, andultimately retention of staff.
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Meddin, Barbara J. "The Future of Decision Making in Child Welfare Practice: The Development of an Explicit Criteria Model for Decision Making." Children Australia 9, no. 4 (1985): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000007451.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe paper examines the impact that a decision making model can have on child placement decisions. Using a pre and post test design with three different conditions, the research investigated the ability to increase the consistency of the placement decision by the use of a decision making model that includes explicit criteria.The study found that consistency of decision making was enhanced by the provision of the decision making model and that consistency could be further enhanced by the provision of training in the model. Implications for training of new workers and reduction of worker stress and burnout are discussed.The incident of child abuse and neglect continues to rise. The National Centre on Child Abuse and Neglect estimates that approximately one million children will be abused or neglected this year in the United States. In the State of Illinois alone, during fiscal year 1981 nearly 80,000 reports of abuse or neglect were received. Almost 50% of those reports were found to be actual cases of abuse or neglect.Whether the incident in Australia of child abuse and neglect is increasing or not is difficult to assess, since currently there is no standardised way of collecting data. However, from all indicators a similar increase is indeed occurring. Boss in his book, “On the Side of the Child”, reports that the number of cases seen by the Western Australian Department of Community Welfare has steadily increased. This is corroborated by statistics compiled by that State’s Advisory and Consultative Committee in Child Abuse (ACCCA). Their Statistical Information Report for July-December 1983 indicates an 86% increase in reports of sexual abuse and 12.5% increase in physical abuse. In Queensland the number of child abuse and/or neglect case investigations went from 1 095 in 1981 to 1 631 in 1982 – an increase of more than one third. In Tasmania between 1980 to 1982 the number of reports increased by nearly one-third, from 228-302. The Montrose Child Protection and Family Crisis Unit of the Department of Youth and Community Services in New South Wales report similar increases.On almost a daily basis, social workers are called upon to make far reaching decisions that have the potential to be a life consequential both for the child who is the victim of abuse and/or neglect and that child’s family. Because these decisions, especially the placement decision, have such great ramifications, social workers should be expected to make decisions with great care, consideration and consistency. This may be due, in part because agencies have been slow to explicate, empirically validate, and systematically apply decision making criteria that assist workers in making case decisions.While research indicates that criteria do exist and are used by child welfare workers, the research also indicates that they are not used in any systematic fashion. The result is that idiosyncratic decisions are invited and the potential spectre of gross inequities in the delivery of social services exists. Unless asystematic, consensually based decision making model is used that explicates both the decisions that need to be made along with a specific set of criteria for making these decisions, it is impossible for the child welfare agency to guarantee a minimum level of service delivery.
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Susilowati, Ellya, Krisna Dewi, and Meiti Subardhini. "The Implementation of Social Work Practice with Children in Indonesia." Asian Social Work Journal 2, no. 1 (December 12, 2017): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v2i1.11.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed at examining the implementation of social work practice with children in Indonesia. The research used qualitative method with a case study on nine informants who were Social Workers carrying out the task of handling children cases in the city of Bandung, Indonesia. The results showed that Social Workers had started to implement social work practice with children in handling 44 cases of children, but, according to social work practice standards with children as defined by NASW (2013) and based on pragmatic perspectives of social work with children according to Petr.CG 2004), it was not optimal. The implementation of social work practice with children was seen from aspects of practice: 1) building relationships with children should had been done with a consideration to the children’s ages; 2) assessment with children should had already used 'tools' assessment; 3) preparation of intervention plans was less involving children and families; 4) interventions was less responding to the needs of children and less applying behavior change techniques; and 5) the evaluation had not been implemented and supervised. Based on the research findings it is recommended for: 1) Training Center to provide training on the perspective of social work practice with children for Child Social Workers; and 2) Directorate of Child Welfare of the Ministry of Social Affairs to facilitate the implementation of supervision on child social work practice by supervisors; 3) Child Study Center to conduct further study on child social work practice based on clusters of child problems.
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Jaworowski, Sol. "A Community-Based Consultation Program for Managing Sexually Abused Young Persons." Australasian Psychiatry 5, no. 6 (December 1997): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569709082289.
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The author has been involved in running a training workshop for Department of Education staff on responding to suspected disclosures of sexual abuse. Many participants indicated that they felt uninformed and marginalised when dealing with other services in the community. A pilot study is under way whereby an experienced Student Welfare Coordinator acts as a contact person for accessing Department of Education requests for informal consultation regarding suspected sexual abuse in the region. A second workshop is currently being planned for workers from Protective Services and Child and Mental Health Services.
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Azizia, Mohammad Ilham. "DETERMINANTS OF FEMALE WORKERS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Airlangga 31, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jeba.v31i12021.40-50.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: This study aims to find out what influences the Provincial Economic Growth in the Java Island if seen from female workers through the some variables, namely life expectancy of female, female's income contributions, and female as professionals.Methods: In this study using secondary data for 8 years from 2011 - 2018. The data analysis method used in this study is panel data regression analysis method. There are independent variables consisting of female's life expectancy, female's income contribution, and female as professionals. While the dependent variable is economic growth.Results: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that life expectancy has no significant effect on economic growth. The contribution of female's income has a significant effect on economic growth. Female as professionals has an insignificant effect on economic growth.Conclusion and suggestion: The central or regional government, the ministry of manpower and the ministry of female's empowerment and child protection or related institution to conduct training and human resource development for female by means of development activities in creating employment expansion, improving the quality of productive workforce and increasing the welfare of the workforce.
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Waechter, Randall L., Christine Wekerle, Bruce Leslie, Deborah Goodman, Nadine Wathen, and Brenda Moody. "Child Protective Services and University-Based Partnerships: A Participatory Action-Based Model for Creating and Sharing Knowledge." First Peoples Child & Family Review 4, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069335ar.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents one model for building and sustaining a research partnership between researchers and professional staff in child protection (CPS) agencies. The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) study was designed to assess the health and well-being of the population of adolescents involved in the child welfare system of a major urban area. The study involved the collaboration between university based researchers and a range of child welfare staff, from administration to front-line workers. A key factor supporting collaboration was reciprocity with expertise, with CPS practitioner knowledge yielding intervention-relevant study queries and constructs, and researcher knowledge on health content and best practices yielding tailored training opportunities and increased climate for knowledge uptake. The MAP study combined a Participatory Action Research (PAR) model with a traditional, scientific positivist model, including the scientific elements of standardized measures, explicit evaluation of the participatory process, and research impact on the community members. This study: 1) provides information on the process of creating effective researcher-CPC agency partnerships, 2) considers key ethics issues, such as the participant’s reactivity to research of child welfare- involved clients, and 3) examines the implications of implanting a PAR approach in research with Aboriginal CPS agencies, as per the required use of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Guidelines for Health Research Involving Aboriginal People for future community- university partnerships.
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Singer, Jacqueline, and David Brodzinsky. "Virtual parent-child visitation in support of family reunification in the time of COVID-19." Developmental Child Welfare 2, no. 3 (September 2020): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516103220960154.
Full textAbstract:
When children are removed from their birth parents and placed in foster care, child welfare policy and practice prioritizes family reunification in permanency planning. Of the many services offered to families in support of reunification, parent-child visitation is one of the most important. The purposes of visitation are to maintain and support the parent-child relationship, facilitate improved parenting skills, and offer social workers opportunities to gauge the family’s progress in meeting reunification goals. Whether supervised or unsupervised, parent-child visitations most often involve face-to-face contact between family members. During periods of sheltering in place in response to COVID-19, however, face-to-face visits have been largely curtailed. In their place, child welfare agencies have begun using virtual visitation through various technology platforms such as smartphones, FaceTime, Zoom, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger and Skype, often facilitated by foster parents. A number of questions have arisen, however, about the effectiveness of virtual visitations and how best to use them as a means of supporting reunification goals. In the present article, we examine existing data on how children respond to virtual communication with parents and extended family and what practical issues and training needs are encountered when implementing virtual visits in juvenile dependency cases.
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Ramaswamy, Sheila, and Shekhar Seshadri. "Community-Based Interventions for Adolescent Psychosexual Health: The Use of Life Skills Training Approaches in Sexuality Education." Journal of Psychosexual Health 1, no. 3-4 (July 2019): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631831819867581.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, with increasing awareness and reports of child sexual abuse, government and nongovernment agencies working in the areas of child and adolescent health, education, welfare, and protection are increasingly looking to implement initiatives on child safety and psychosocial health, both from preventive and curative perspectives. It is critical, however, to recognize that the child sexual abuse programming needs to take into consideration the age and the developmental stage of children. Childhood encompasses the period from 0 to 18 years; however, sexuality-related issues of adolescents are vastly different from younger children. While the adolescent sexual rights’ debates (for adolescents) to engage in physical intimacy and sexual behavior or not may continue, most childcare workers unanimously agree on adolescents’ need for sexuality awareness and education. Adolescent sexual issues range from sexual abuse to mutually consenting romantic and sexual relationships and engagement in sexually inappropriate behaviors with young children; for the last-mentioned point, adolescents also come into conflict with the law. This article discusses the need for public health and community-based approaches to address this range and complexity in adolescent sexuality, also sharing concrete field-based, pilot-tested methodologies and resources to work on this issue.
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Benjamin, Annie Grace, Kendra M. Ivy, Ashton E. Santo, Sheila P. Vakharia, and Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch. "Social Workers as Potential Agents for Drug Policy Reform." Advances in Social Work 22, no. 2 (November 8, 2022): 797–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24950.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing recognition that our society must address systemic racism, mass criminalization and violent policing with alternative responses to crises in communities. Reform advocates have increasingly proposed that social workers, equipped with the skills and training to de-escalate tensions and respond to mental health and substance use crises, should work in teams alongside police officers. Despite broad support by community stakeholders, law enforcement, and the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), this approach remains fraught if we do not critically examine our role as agents of social control in such systems. A clear case study is the War on Drugs, wherein social workers have assumed the role of frontline enforcers through our employment in the criminal legal and child welfare systems, health care, and coercive drug treatment programs. The harsh and punitive laws stemming from the War on Drugs have contributed to the mass criminalization of people who use drugs, devastated communities, separated families, and so much more. Our focus should shift towards upstream advocacy for policies to reduce the scope of the criminal legal system altogether. We propose suggestions to re-envision social work’s role in less punitive and carceral responses.
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Deane, Lawrence, Jenna Glass, Inez Vystrcil-Spence, and Javier Mignone. "Live-In Family Enhancement (LIFE): a comprehensive program for healing and family reunification." First Peoples Child & Family Review 13, no. 1 (October 12, 2021): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1082390ar.
Full textAbstract:
Family enhancement is an approach to child protection that has been recommended by numerous reviews of child welfare practice. A recent example emerged from a comprehensive review of the child welfare system in Manitoba, Canada. The inquiry recommended that family enhancement be utilised in all child welfare cases, and be funded at levels reasonable enough to allow comprehensive support for families seeking to re-unify. Agency staff told the inquiry, however, that current resources permitted only limited service, for insufficient time, and for only a small percentage of families in care. An Indigenous agency in Manitoba, Metis Child, Family, and Community Services, has devised an innovative approach in which parents were fostered along with their children. This allows the agency to make a wide range of resources available to families on a 24-hour basis for 8-to-12-month periods. The costs do not appear to exceed those of regular fostering of children. This Live-In Family Enhancement (LIFE) program was extensively evaluated in 2015. The findings show a significant set of benefits to families such as stronger attachment between parents and children, improved parenting skills for caregivers, strengthened social support for families, newly acquired household management skills, successful completion of employment training, and significantly improved trust in social workers and the agency. Many of these factors are correlated, in research, with increased rates of family reunification. The paper documents these findings, and recommends that this approach be expanded for use in prevention as well as reunification.
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Shrimpton, Roger, Lisanne M. du Plessis, Hélène Delisle, Sonia Blaney, Stephen J. Atwood, David Sanders, Barrie Margetts, and Roger Hughes. "Public health nutrition capacity: assuring the quality of workforce preparation for scaling up nutrition programmes." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 11 (February 9, 2016): 2090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001500378x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveTo describe why and how capacity-building systems for scaling up nutrition programmes should be constructed in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).DesignPosition paper with task force recommendations based on literature review and joint experience of global nutrition programmes, public health nutrition (PHN) workforce size, organization, and pre-service and in-service training.SettingThe review is global but the recommendations are made for LMIC scaling up multisectoral nutrition programmes.SubjectsThe multitude of PHN workers, be they in the health, agriculture, education, social welfare, or water and sanitation sector, as well as the community workers who ensure outreach and coverage of nutrition-specific and -sensitive interventions.ResultsOvernutrition and undernutrition problems affect at least half of the global population, especially those in LMIC. Programme guidance exists for undernutrition and overnutrition, and priority for scaling up multisectoral programmes for tackling undernutrition in LMIC is growing. Guidance on how to organize and scale up such programmes is scarce however, and estimates of existing PHN workforce numbers – although poor – suggest they are also inadequate. Pre-service nutrition training for a PHN workforce is mostly clinical and/or food science oriented and in-service nutrition training is largely restricted to infant and young child nutrition.ConclusionsUnless increased priority and funding is given to building capacity for scaling up nutrition programmes in LMIC, maternal and child undernutrition rates are likely to remain high and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases to escalate. A hybrid distance learning model for PHN workforce managers’ in-service training is urgently needed in LMIC.
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Patil, Karan Shrikant, Vaishali Lokhande, Bharat Agarwal, Manish Pendse, and Anand Misra. "Community based sensitization to address maternal and child health problems in tribal population of India." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 9, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20221708.
Full textAbstract:
Background: India fights with substantial maternal and child health (MCH) concerns, accounting about one quarter of the global burden of maternal and childhood mortality. The current study was tried to assess the impact of community partnerships between medical students, community stakeholders (TBAs and local tribal girls) and general community members on their awareness levels about MCH care and services.Methods: a community-based pilot interventional study was conducted at one of the rural blocks of Maharashtra state of India. Of 120, sixty (50%) first year undergraduate MBBS medical students (intervention group) posted at two months rural healthcare training programme’ participated in preparing MCH related health education material (HEM) in local language. Similarly local tribal girls, TBAs and general community people were trained about MCH and their knowledge levels were assessed.Results: Pre and post training assessment scores of participants (students, TBAs, tribal girls and general people) indicated significant (p<0.05) differences in their knowledge about MCH. The used approach of community collaborations in this study upgraded the knowledge of stakeholders (TBAs, tribal girls) and common tribal people about basic aspects of MCH and associated welfare schemes. The study also reported positive attitudes of all participants about an intervention.Conclusions: Productive and synergistic community partnerships can be created among health care providers, community health workers and other stakeholders to ensure commitment and engagement towards positive health.
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Suntari, NLP Yunianti, and A. A. Sri Wahyuni. "KEGIATAN PENDIDIKAN: SOSIALISASI, PENGUATAN, SKRINING DAN PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG PADA MASYARAKAT URBAN KOTA DENPASAR." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Wahana Usada 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47859/wuj.v2i2.182.
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Background : Tourism in Bali is also followed by positive and negative impacts on the Balinese people. The positive impact is such as the large number of jobs that are able to absorb labor, while the negative impact is the emergence of social issues such as human trafficking which can threaten the young generation of Bali. Method : Activities by providing education about human trafficking. And provide life skills training. Target adolescents, both those who attend school and drop out of school. Result : Lentera Anak Bali (LAB) is an independent non-profit organization engaged in child protection to obtain their rights. LAB sees the importance of these children’s problems by involving the local government, social services, education offices, health offices and community leaders. In an effort to build awareness of the vulnerability of these children and make preventive education efforts against the possibility of being caught in human trafficking, by conducting outreach to officials, the caring community, and the youth themselves. These adolescents are given education on safe life skills (free of prostitution), understanding of human trafficking, education on health and welfare, and examination of reproductive organs. With this facilitation, it is hoped that they can protect themselves and become counselors for their teenage friends. Conclusion : this activity can increase public understanding of the danger of human trafficking. (1) There is a group of young urban workers who receive assistance from the human trafficking prevention team. (2) Youth groups who received training on safe life skills (prostitution free), understanding of human trafficking, health education, and examination of reproductive organs. Key words : human trafficking, child protection.
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Reavley, Nicola J., Allison J. Milner, Angela Martin, Lay San Too, Alicia Papas, Katrina Witt, Tessa Keegel, and Anthony D. LaMontagne. "Depression literacy and help-seeking in Australian police." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 11 (February 5, 2018): 1063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417753550.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To assess depression literacy, help-seeking and help-offering to others in members of the police force in the state of Victoria, Australia. Methods: All staff in police stations involved in a cluster randomised controlled trial of an integrated workplace mental health intervention were invited to participate. Survey questions covered sociodemographic and employment information, recognition of depression in a vignette, stigma, treatment beliefs, willingness to assist co-workers with mental health problems, help-giving and help-seeking behaviours, and intentions to seek help. Using the baseline dataset associated with the trial, the paper presents a descriptive analysis of mental health literacy and helping behaviours, comparing police station leaders and lower ranks. Results: Respondents were 806 staff, comprising 618 lower-ranked staff and 188 leaders. Almost 84% of respondents were able to correctly label the problem described in the vignette. Among those who had helped someone with a mental health problem, both lower ranks and leaders most commonly reported ‘talking to the person’ although leaders were more likely to facilitate professional help. Leaders’ willingness to assist the person and confidence in doing so was very high, and over 80% of leaders appropriately rated police psychologists, general practitioners, psychologists, talking to a peer and contacting welfare as helpful. However, among both leaders and lower ranks with mental health problems, the proportion of those unlikely to seek professional help was greater than those who were likely to seek it. Conclusion: Knowledge about evidence-based interventions for depression was lower in this police sample than surveys in the general population, pointing to the need for education and training to improve mental health literacy. Such education should also aim to overcome barriers to professional help-seeking. Interventions that aim to improve mental health literacy and help-seeking behaviour appear to be suitable targets for better protecting police member mental health.
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Ulhaq, Intisar. "CHILD PROTECTION: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES." KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2021.20550.
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Maltreatment of children has become a global problem. It occurs in the form of deliberately inflicted physical trauma, neglect, emotional and sexual abuse. In most cases children suffer from more than one type of abuse such as a physically abused child may also be neglected and emotionally deprived of love and care during the times when he/she needs it most.1
One of the unfortunate situations a paediatrician may come across is having to deal with children who have been intentionally harmed by someone closer to them such as their own parents, family members or relatives. In a minority of cases the perpetrator is not among family members. In either case, the physical, psychological and social trauma children suffer in these circumstances has a profound impact on their growth, intellectual development, cognitive abilities, behavioural maturation and academic achievements.
Paediatricians act as advocates for children’s health and they have a greater responsibility in identifying child abuse and raising awareness about the scale of this problem among general public.2 However, it is also true that “safeguarding children is everybody’s business” and it is this sense of combined responsibility that makes any child protection strategy, successful.
Other health professionals such as general practitioners/family physicians, emergency department doctors, dentists and those health workers who come in contact with children and their families in community and hospital also share the same responsibility of being able to recognise features of child abuse and their role in its management.
This article highlights the roles and responsibilities of all those who have a duty of care towards children either directly or indirectly.
Roles and Responsibilities
The following group of people share the responsibility of safeguarding children, and they all need to work collectively and closely to recognise child abuse and implement effective child protection policies:
Parents:
The safest place for a child is his/her home. It is an instinct for parents to care for their young ones. Parents would go extra mile to protect, feed, love and nurture their children. Our personal experiences and day to day observations are witness to the fact that majority of parents would do everything in their capacity to provide the best possible home, food, clothing, comfort, and education to make children healthy and useful members of society.
However, it is also a sad reality that in most confirmed child abuse cases one or both parents are found to be responsible for abuse. Fortunately, such parents are in a minority. Certain personal, social, and medical factors among abusive parents put children at high risk of abuse. Parental stress and mental health disorders may make a child prone to abuse. Alcohol and drug abuse also play an important role in breaking the family dynamics making children vulnerable and unsafe in their own home.3 Financial difficulties and social isolation may also contribute to child abuse in certain families. It is a moral, ethical and legal responsibility of other family members, society and relevant state departments to identify such parents and provide them with necessary social, financial and psychological support they deserve in order to protect the children who are looked after by such parents.
People (Society):
Although a child lives with his/her parents, he/she is also part of a wider society. Besides their close family members, children interact with many people around them. This interaction may be direct (with neighbours, friends, distant relatives, common public) or indirect (electronic and social media). Children learn and develop their skills by interacting with others. It is therefore a collective responsibility of each and every adult to understand their role in protecting and nurturing children in a positive manner. Any act of omission or commission by the members of a society affects children accordingly. Children who witness or experience abuse are more likely to become abusers later in life4 Strong bonds among society members, regular interactions and reaching out to each other during the times of need not only strengthens the ties among people but also helps to eliminate the relevant risk factors of child abuse such as social isolation and low family income.5
Paediatricians:
By and large, Paediatricians are considered to be the most competent to spot cases of child abuse. They are expected to possess the necessary knowledge and skills to help them identify cases of child abuse and to differentiate between accidental and non-accidental injuries in children of various age groups. Their role involves interactions with children, parents, family physicians and other government agencies such as social services and police. Therefore, it is a mandatory requirement that all paediatricians of different grades go through regular training pertaining to child protection.6 It is also vitally important that the paediatricians maintain their skills by regularly attending training courses every few years. Besides identifying child abuse, paediatricians also have a legal responsibility to liaise with the relevant agencies such as children social care and police, in order to protect children from further harm and safeguarding other vulnerable children who may be at risk of abuse if a timely intervention is not made. The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) have published a detailed document outlining the competencies required of the paediatric health professionals with regard to safeguarding children and young people.7
Professionals (other):
In addition to Paediatricians, any other professionals related to healthcare or otherwise, have a duty to report suspected child abuse cases to relevant agencies. Children who experience abuse may be known to professionals in education (teachers), social care (social workers) and community health professionals (family physicians, health visitors, midwives, dentists, opticians). Local safeguarding procedures should be followed when concerns are raised about the welfare of a child, and these must be communicated to the relevant professionals.8 Non-medical professionals such as sports coaches and nursery staff may also become aware of situations where children are felt to be either maltreated or at a potential risk of abuse. They should also take appropriate measures and follow their local children safeguarding policies.
Police (& Judiciary):
Police usually work in collaboration with health professionals and social services when a concern is raised about a child’s welfare. Their role in the context of child protection is to assist the judiciary in suspected child abuse cases in order to detect the offenders and protect other children who may be at risk of abuse. They are also responsible to gather relevant information, investigate the suspects and give evidence in court to bring perpetrators to justice according to the local law.9 In the light of police investigations and presented evidence the judiciary applies the appropriate law. A robust legal punishment helps protect children by acting as a deterrent against child abuse.10
Children and young people are the most vulnerable members of a society. Parents have a responsibility to nurture and protect their children until they become independent members of the society. Other people in the society also bear a moral responsibility to protect children from harm. Paediatricians and other health workers have a professional duty to identify child abuse and report it to social services and in some cases to police. Family physicians and other community health practitioners need to work as a team and should always discuss their concerns with relevant professionals when welfare of a child is compromised. Safeguarding children is also a job of professionals working in educational institutions. In summary, protecting children is a collective responsibility of everyone in the society and safeguarding young people is everybody’s business.
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Grišinaitė, Rūta. "Profesinis orientavimas sovietmečio Lietuvoje 1958–1984 m.: sisteminis, idėjinis ir praktinis įgyvendinimas." Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2019/1 (September 1, 2019): 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/2019/1/6.
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Vocational guidance in the Soviet system of education was considered a high priority of institutional socialisation. Industrialisation and technical modernisation dictated and regulated changes in perception of labour training and vocational guidance and encouraged to promote economically required and favourable occupations in the public discourse. However, in reality, the attempt of the educational staff to direct pupils to vocational education facilities did not correspond with the expectations of parents and children regarding their future. Moreover, children’s choices for future occupations were far from accompanying socialist slogans. In order to reveal this complex phenomenon, the article analyses the systematic, theoretical, and practical implementations of vocational guidance in the educational environment of Soviet Lithuania. The research revealed that educational framework for vocational guidance in Soviet Lithuania was receptive to the changes introduced by educational reforms throughout the Soviet nion. It reflected the government’s economic, technical, and agricultural modernization as well as the increasing necessity of specialized manpower and blue–collar workers. The 1970s was the turning point for vocational guidance infrastructure in Lithuania – a huge institutional development took place. Moreover, state administration sectors responsible for economic welfare imposed their considerable influence on the educational system. The modernisation of the educational discourse in Soviet Lithuania in the 1960s–1970s changed the perception of vocational training in the educational system. Labour ducation and vocational guidance became the focus of the Soviet educational discourse and offered a child–oriented vocational guidance framework, which was based on the knowledge of the child, motivational, and interest related education. However, this sophisticated approach was used to manipulate children and to ensure adequate supply of professionals for various key industries, alongside with the implementation of ideological tasks. The actual practices of labour education and professional choices among children were influenced by family values, teachers’ approaches, and different socioeconomic conditions that surrounded children in the rural and urban environment. Due to the agricultural structure and collectivization in rural areas, children there were used to physical work. Therefore, their labour education included helping collective farm workers and their own parents during harvest periods. Meanwhile faster modernisation of urban educational spaces and more advanced technical possibilities determined that labour education of children from urban areas was less intense in terms of physical work. The development of the infrastructure of post-school activities in urban areas allowed children to get acquainted with different professions and activities. These circumstances were crucial when making a decision for future professional choices. Children’s future occupational decisions were also influenced by the concept of “prestige profession” (lawyer, doctor, engineer etc.) that circulated among parents and children during our research period. This concept was exceptionally strong among cultural and political elite families; therefore, their children most frequently went for higher education. Meanwhile childhood in rural areas based on physical work, determined the urge to escape these difficult conditions. nsequently, these pupils were considering non–manual occupations. However, their strong urge to help the family sometimes left them in an ambivalent position and their work choices were made in favour of the family. These contradictory practises led to the emergence of “vocational misguidance” when only unapt, ill-behaved or ideologically upstart pupils were guided to vocational training institutions.
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Hayden, Patricia W. "Adolescents with Meningomyelocele." Pediatrics In Review 6, no. 8 (February 1, 1985): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.6.8.245.
Full textAbstract:
The multiple physical and health problems that the child with myelodysplasia brings to adolescence have been described in some detail. The variations from the normal ranges of adolescent development, which this group of patients show, will exaggerate some of the problems of social and emotional adjustment, and the growth and hormonal changes of adolescence may exacerbate such problems as hydrocephalus, renal insufficiency, and scoliosis. Fortunately, not all of the problems are experienced by each patient and they do not occur suddenly and simultaneously but rather extend over the patient's life. Some of the problems can be minimized by the type of care undertaken in the child's earlier years. The complications of gross cephalomegaly due to untreated hydrocephalus and the risk of early death due to renal failure in those patients with treated hydrocephalus have now virtually disappeared for children who survive to the age of adolescence. It is realistic to think that improvements in stabilization of the spine and management of the bladder will as markedly reduce those serious complications in infants and young children now entering treatment programs. Unfortunately, no matter how much progress there is in the medical and surgical management of children with meningomyelocele, they will still have the problems of paraplegia. Our task, then, is to communicate to their families what previous patients have taught us about these problems: how to avoid unnecessary secondary complications and how to assist the children and other family members in their continual growth and development. With early emphasis on having the child develop appropriate self-care skills, we are seeing fewer children enter their adolescence still dependent upon adults for toileting and for care to prevent decubiti. The physician who has been caring for a child with myelodysplasia from early infancy, who is familiar with the family's ability to cope, and who is well informed about the patient's condition should be the best health guide through adolescence. Unfortunately, the complex nature of the early medical-surgical problems often side-tracks the family from local medical care. Current ease of telephone communication makes it possible to offer the consultation of the speciality clinic to the local physician and every effort should be made to establish and maintain primary care resources and responsibility in the local community. In some communities, there will be a pediatrician, in others a family physician, public health nurse, or visiting therapist. Probably the most effective advocate in lobbying for societal changes that will allow all of our citizens to reach their potential will come from those directly involved. Programs such as the Special Olympics and wheelchair sports, and volunteer groups that provide activities socially appropriate for this age group, need to be supported and expanded. Increased assistance under the Developmental Disabilities Act, which mandates educational programs for the physically handicapped as well as for retarded individuals, will help meet the special requirements of this population. Vocational counseling through such agencies as the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation is available in most states, and most involved professionals are aware that such counseling needs to be extended to younger age groups and mesh with early educational planning. Social workers and public health personnel should directly assist the young patient in obtaining funds for continued medical care, driver's training, and housing through such programs as Social Security Insurance, Medicaid, and special loans for housing for the physically disabled. Attachment to a citizen advocacy group, such as the Spina Bifida Association of America (343 S Dearborn Ave, Chicago, IL 60604), will afford the support of a large network of individuals who have already solved many of the problems and who will be most responsive to the need for further active involvement in improving the welfare of all handicapped persons.
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Leckey, Robert, Raphael Schmieder-Gropen, Chukwubuikem Nnebe, and Miriam Clouthier. "Indigenous parents and child welfare: Mistrust, epistemic injustice, and training." Social & Legal Studies, December 22, 2021, 096466392110414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09646639211041476.
Full textAbstract:
The settler state's taking of Indigenous children into care disrupts their communities and continues destructive, assimilationist policies. This article presents the perceptions of lawyers, social workers and judges of how Indigenous parents experience child welfare in Quebec. Our participants characterized those experiences negatively. Barriers of language and culture as well as mistrust impede meaningful participation. Parents experience epistemic injustice, wronged in their capacity as knowers. Mistrust also hampers efforts to include Indigenous workers in the system. Emphasizing state workers’ ignorance of Indigenous family practices and the harms of settler colonialism, participants called for greater training. But critical literature on professional education signals the limits of such training to change institutions. Our findings reinforce the jurisdictional calls away from improving the system towards empowering Indigenous peoples to run services of child welfare. The patterns detected and theoretical resources used are relevant to researchers of other institutions that interact with vulnerable populations.