Journal articles on the topic 'Child Welfare Movement'
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1
LaFrance, Jean, and Betty Bastien. "Here be dragons! Reconciling Indigenous and Western knowledge to improve Aboriginal child welfare." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069530ar.
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The authors discuss the factors regarding the reconciliation movement in reconciling Indigenous and Western Knowledge to improve child welfare practice with respect to Aboriginal peoples. In particular, a current initiative undertaken in collaboration with various First Nation communities in Alberta involved with the “Making Our Hearts Sing” Initiative is highlighted. This initiative aimed to build on collaboration among child welfare stakeholders and Aboriginal communities to examine issues relating to child welfare that would be more in keeping with traditional Aboriginal worldviews that could, at the same time, contribute to reconciliation, healing and increased community capacity.
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Meckel, Richard A. "Protecting the Innocents: Age Segregation and the Early Child Welfare Movement." Social Service Review 59, no. 3 (September 1985): 455–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/644311.
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Schmid, Jeanette, and Marina Morgenshtern. "IN HISTORY’S SHADOW: CHILD WELFARE DISCOURSES REGARDING INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN THE CANADIAN SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 13, no. 1 (April 21, 2022): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs131202220662.
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This article reviews all items in the Canadian Social Work journal over its almost 90-year history that relate to child welfare practice in an Indigenous context. We review the journal contents as a way of understanding the profession’s voice, noting that a journal’s discursive practice reflects disciplinary discourse and that this journal positioned itself as a platform for social work debates. Our analysis contributes also to the truth-telling and accountability of social workers. While around 10% of the 1500 journal articles focused on child welfare practice, only 9 of these 152 articles addressed child welfare practice with Indigenous children and families. Our discourse analysis highlights that there was contemporaneous silence regarding social work complicity in the residential schools movement, the Sixties Scoop, and the current Millennium Scoop. In the 1980s, sustained critique around the role of social work in perpetuating colonization began to emerge. The journal, though, left child protection discourse unexamined and thus overlooked its role in maintaining dominant Canadian child welfare practice. We suggest that White supremacy and settler colonial discourses support the dominance of the child protection discourse, and that part of decolonizing child welfare practice relates to revealing and resisting these discourses and generating alternative decolonized discourses.
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STEWART, JOHN. "The scientific claims of British child guidance, 1918–45." British Journal for the History of Science 42, no. 3 (January 30, 2009): 407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087408001908.
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AbstractThis article examines the British child guidance movement's claim to scientific status and what it sought to gain by the wider acceptance of such a claim. The period covered is from the movement's origins in the 1920s to the end of the Second World War, by which point it had been incorporated into the welfare state. This was also an era when science commanded high intellectual and cultural status. Child guidance was a form of psychiatric medicine that addressed the emotional and psychological difficulties that any child might experience. It thus saw itself as a form of preventive medicine and as a component of the international movement for mental hygiene. Child guidance was organized around the clinic and employed the knowledge and skills of three distinct professions: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric social workers. Its claim to scientific status was underpinned by the movement's clinical and organizational approach and in turn derived from developments in the laboratory sciences and in academic medicine. There were, however, those even within the movement itself who challenged child guidance's purported scientific status. Such objections notwithstanding, it is suggested here that at least in its own terms the claim was justified, particularly because of the type of psychiatric approach which child guidance employed, based as it was on a form of medical holism.
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Blackstock, Cindy. "Should Governments be Above the Law? The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal on First Nations Child Welfare." Children Australia 40, no. 2 (June 2015): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2015.6.
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Many child welfare statutes protect children when caregivers jeopardise their safety and best interests, but what if the risk is sourced in government child welfare policy or practice? Instead of including provisions to hold governments accountable for placing children in harm's way, governments and their agents are largely protected against any systemic maltreatment claims made against them. This paper describes a precedent-setting case before the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal attempting to hold the Canadian federal government accountable for its systemic failure to ensure that First Nations children are protected from maltreatment linked to inequitable federal child welfare funding on reserves. The case is a rare example using an independent judicial mechanism with the authority to make binding orders against the government and enveloping the proceedings in a public education and engagement movement. Implications of the case for child rights in Canada and abroad are discussed.
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ACHDUT, NETTA, and HAYA STIER. "Welfare-use Accumulation and Chronic Dependency in Israel: The Role of Structural Factors." Journal of Social Policy 49, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000843.
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AbstractContemporary welfare policies in many Western countries limit public assistance for the long-term unemployed and spur rapid movement into the labour market. These policies have substantially changed the trade-offs of employment and welfare-use behaviour, making employment far more attractive than welfare dependency. Despite this new reality, many welfare recipients circulate in and out of the welfare system and the low-wage labour market or become disconnected from both work and welfare. Drawing on longitudinal administrative data of single Israeli mothers who received Income Support Benefit in 2003, this study focuses on the role of structural factors, including local labour market conditions and local availability of subsidised child-care, in explaining the intensity of welfare receipt over a 51-month period. The results indicate notable diversity in welfare-use accumulation. Some mothers were classified as short- to mid-termer recipients while others showed a much more intensive use, and about a third were classified as chronically dependent. Local labour market conditions and their change over time played an important part in explaining welfare accumulation, while local child-care availability had no effect. Implications for policy are discussed.
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Hermon, Sandhya Rao, and Rose Chahla. "A longitudinal study of stress and satisfaction among child welfare workers." Journal of Social Work 19, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 192–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017318757557.
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Summary Stress and satisfaction have long been topics of research and interest in public child welfare, particularly in relation to their links with retention. Fewer studies have focused on specific facets of stress and satisfaction among public child welfare workers. In this sample of 160 retained specially-trained former students, sources of stress and satisfaction were examined three and five years after the conclusion of the students’ work obligation. Findings With regard to stress, paired t-tests revealed that while workload stress increased from Year 3 to Year 5, child-related stress went down. The same downward movement was also noted for the work–life flexibility aspect of job satisfaction from Years 3 to 5. Additionally, regression analyses indicated that higher workload stress at Year 3 was predictive of diminished satisfaction with client relationships. Applications The findings suggest that even among retained staff, workload stress can be caustic, diminishing job satisfaction with client relationships. Implications for public child welfare agencies, and the importance of going beyond retention as a final measure for worker success are explored.
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Wadsworth, James E., and Tamera L. Marko. "Children of the Pátria: Representations of Childhood and Welfare State Ideologies at the 1922 Rio de Janeiro International Centennial Exposition." Americas 58, no. 1 (July 2001): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2001.0088.
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The child does not only belong to the family .... Child rearing is no longer purely a question of family order, it embraces a multitude of interests for the social order .... The problem of childhood is the greatest national dilemma.Brazilian hygienist Dr. Alfredo Ferreira de Magalhães proclaimed his view of child welfare to an elite audience of medical, legal, political, military, and business leaders during the opening ceremonies at the 1922 First Brazilian Congress for the Protection of Childhood held in Rio de Janeiro. For the first time in Brazil, children had become a distinct focus of teachers, lawyers, military leaders, politicians, police, priests, judges, journalists, and novelists who struggled to incorporate liberal and positivistic ideas into public policies and institutions. Members of all classes of Brazilian society had cared for children and had lamented high rates of infant mortality well before the turn of the century. The 1920s movement, however, differed significantly from previous approaches to child welfare in Brazil. This was the first time that elites from such a wide variety of professions and positions of power insisted that the state assume responsibility for funding, implementing, and enforcing child welfare legislation and institutions.
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Saha, Ranjana. "Motherhood on display: The child welfare exhibition in colonial Calcutta, 1920." Indian Economic & Social History Review 58, no. 2 (April 2021): 249–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464621999308.
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This article focuses on the Health and Child Welfare Exhibition held in colonial Calcutta in 1920. Despite a few scholarly references, however, there has been no detailed study till date. The vicereines of India launched child welfare exhibitions motivated by the transnational exhibitory baby health week propaganda initiative to curb infant mortality. These exhibitions were also locally organised and collaborative in nature with an urgent nationalist appeal. The study critically engages with select Exhibition lectures about so-called ‘clean’ midwifery and ‘scientific’ motherhood given by famous Bengali medical practitioners and other prominent professionals, predominantly men and a few women. These drew intimate sociobiological connections between the problems of ‘dirty’ midwifery, ritual pollution, improper confinement, insanitary childbirth, insufficient lactation and the excessive maternal and infant deaths in Calcutta. The central argument is that these public lectures primarily focused on the very making of the ‘ideal’ Indian nursing mother, often imagined as the traditional yet modern bhadramahila mother figure, for rejuvenating community and national health and vigour. Correspondingly, it highlights the transnational resonance of famous Frederic Truby King’s ‘mothercraft’ popularised as childcare by the clock. The paper is, therefore, guided by the twin purposes of filling the gap in our knowledge about child welfare exhibitions in colonial India and illuminating extant scholarship on the global infant welfare movement.
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Lindenmeyer, Kriste. "The U.S. Children's Bureau and Infant Mortality in the Progressive Era." Journal of Education 177, no. 3 (October 1995): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205749517700305.
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Early in the twentieth century, a growing child welfare movement led to the establishment of the first federal agency in the world, the U.S. Children's Bureau, designated to investigate and report on the circumstances of children. Appointed in 1912, the agency's first director, Julia Lathrop, focused on infant mortality, beginning with a year's study in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The work stimulated a national effort to “save babies.” The Bureau's efforts led to the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921, which funded educational and diagnostic work to lower the nation's high infant mortality rate. But this type of effort was short-lived. The article describes the course of the agency's work in the Progressive Era and evaluates its effect on current child welfare policy, a key area in the ongoing controversy over “welfare reform” and the role of the federal government in the provision of human services.
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Engel, Madeline H., Norma Kolko Phillips, and Frances A. Della Cava. "Forced Migration and Immigration Programs for Children: The Emergence of a Social Movement." International Journal of Children’s Rights 26, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 468–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02603005.
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As a result of industrialisation, urbanisation, and mass migrations, the problem of homeless and abandoned children emerged in urban centres. Identified by some as dangerous and threatening to the existing social order, solutions to rescue or control the children were sought, including placing-out through forced migration and immigration programs, with no plan or intention of family reunification. This article examines two experimental programs that took the form of forced migration/immigration between the mid-1800s and mid-1900s – the “Orphan Trains” in the United States and the British “Child Migrant Programme”. The dire consequences of these programs gained public attention and had a profound impact on the development of the global emerging child welfare movement and concerns for the rights of children.
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Hutchins, Vince L. "Maternal and Child Health Bureau: Roots." Pediatrics 94, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.5.695.
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The Maternal and Child Health Bureau has roots that go back over 80 years to the creation of the United States Children's Bureau on April 9, 1912, when President William Howard Taft approved an Act of Congress that created the Children's Bureau and directed it "to investigate and report on all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life among all classes of our people." This was the federal government's first recognition that it has a responsibility to promote the welfare of our nation's children. The Bureau's Chief was to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. Originally placed in the Department of Commerce and Labor, it was transferred to the newly formed Department of Labor in March, 1913. The Children's Bureau was a logical sequel to several child-oriented social and public health activities of the late 19th century: the establishment of milk stations; concern with the spread of communicable disease after compulsory school attendance laws were passed; the movement to outlaw child labor; and, the opening of Settlement Houses. Lillian Wald, organizer of public health nursing, an ardent fighter against child labor, and the founder of the Henry Street Settlement in New York City, was the person who first suggested a federal Children's Bureau. A bill, with the support of President Theodore Roosevelt, was introduced in both houses of Congress in 1906 and annually during the next 6 years. It met with fierce opposition both from states which felt that the federal government was usurping their responsibility for the welfare of children and from those who feared that it would give federal employees the right to enter and regulate the homes of private citizens.
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Akhtar, Zia. "Native Family Law, Indian Child Welfare Act and Tribal Sovereignty." First Peoples Child & Family Review 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068846ar.
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There has been historical abuse of Native American children in the U.S. which began in the late 19th century in what is known as the residential school movement. It led to their forced integration on pain of removing and eradicating traces of their Indian heritage. The lack of protection for Indigenous children in being transferred from the reservations to non- Indian foster parents caused the U.S. Congress to use their legislative power and enact the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 [ICWA]. This has intervened in a process that is aimed at keeping Native American children within the tribe of their parents over the last 35 years. The result of the ICWA is that it has led to the greater supervision by tribal courts over children but it has caused a conflict to arise with the state courts due to jurisdictional reasons that allows guardianship and supervision to non-Indian parents. The Arizona Court of Appeals has recently ruled in Navajo Nation v. Arizona Department of Economic Security (2012) CA-JV 11-0123 that an Indian child can stay with his non-Native foster parents despite the protests of the tribe that it was infringing the provisions of the statute. This article is intended for the practitioner and policy makers and brings to the fore the issues of the preservation of children on reservation lands, and the need for a greater care consideration in the determination if they should be transferred to foster parents outside the tribe’s jurisdiction. It also conducts a comparison with Canada where First Nations children have also suffered abuse and where there is an ongoing debate about the course of action to prevent the appropriation of children from the reserves to live with the non-Native foster parents.
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Maluccio, Anthony, and James Whittaker. "Parental Involvement in Foster Family Care." Children Australia 11, no. 1 (1986): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000015551.
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AbstractParental involvement has become a cornerstone of the movement to promote permanency planning for children and youth wo are placed — or at risk of placement — out of teir homes. Foster family care in particular provides many opportunities for effective involvement of biological parents in child welfare practice. Following consideration of the rationale and purposes of parental involvement, this article focuses on implications and guidelines for promoting optimal participation of biological parents.
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Maluccio, Tony, and J. K. Whittaker. "Parental Involvement in Foster Family Care." Children Australia 12, no. 2 (1987): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000015915.
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AbstractParental involvement has become a cornerstone of the movement to promote permanency planning for children and youth who are placed - or at risk of placement - out of their homes. Foster family care in particular provides many opportunities for effective involvement of biological parents in child welfare practice. Following consideration of the rationale and purposes of parental involvement, this article focuses on implications and guidelines for promoting optimal participation of biological parents.
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Whitaker, Daniel J., Kerry A. Ryan, Robert C. Wild, Shannon Self-Brown, John R. Lutzker, Jenelle R. Shanley, Anna M. Edwards, Erin A. McFry, Colby N. Moseley, and Amanda E. Hodges. "Initial Implementation Indicators From a Statewide Rollout of SafeCare Within a Child Welfare System." Child Maltreatment 17, no. 1 (December 5, 2011): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559511430722.
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There is a strong movement toward implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP) in child welfare systems. The SafeCare parenting model is one of few parent-training models that addresses child neglect, the most common form of maltreatment. Here, the authors describe initial findings from a statewide effort to implement the EBP, SafeCare®, into a state child welfare system. A total of 50 agencies participated in training, with 295 individuals entering training to implement SafeCare. Analyses were conducted to describe the trainee sample, describe initial training and implementation indicators, and to examine correlates of initial training performance and implementation indicators. The quality of SafeCare uptake during training and implementation was high with trainees performing very well on training quizzes and role-plays, and demonstrating high fidelity when implementing SafeCare in the field (performing over 90% of expected behaviors). However, the quantity of implementation was generally low, with relatively few providers (only about 25%) implementing the model following workshop training. There were no significant predictors of training or implementation performance, once corrections for multiple comparisons were applied. The Discussion focuses on challenges to large-scale system-wide implementation of EBP.
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Risley, Amy. "From “Perverse” to Progressive?: Advocating for Children’s Rights in Argentina." International Journal of Children's Rights 20, no. 1 (2012): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181811x570726.
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This article argues that social issues are central to the children’s rights movement in Argentina. For more than a decade, child advocates have traced the plight of children to poverty, marginality, and neoliberal economic reforms. In particular, they have framed the issue of child welfare as closely related to socioeconomic conditions, underscored the “perverse” characteristics of the country’s existing institutions and policies, and called for reforms that accord with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Although the country’s policies are gradually being transformed due to a landmark child-protection law passed in 2005, a dramatically more progressive framework for children’s rights has not yet been adopted. Given that policymakers have largely failed to reverse the trends that activists perceive as harming children, it is expected that advocates will continue to criticise the gap between domestic realities and the social and economic rights included in the Convention.
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Mori, Shigeyuki, Satoru Nishizawa, and Arimi Kimura. "RECONSIDERING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN JAPANESE RESIDENTIAL CARE AND THE ROAD TO FICE JAPAN." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 9, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs91201818123.
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In order to foster interactive discussions with other countries, this paper offers an overview of residential care for children in Japan and its ongoing development. Japan still relies especially heavily on the residential care system; this is due to the past process of development more than to traditional Japanese culture. The period from the post World War II era to the present is briefly described, including the rapid growth in the number of institutions before 1960, the rather stable period before 1990, the revision of the Child Welfare Act in 1997 permitting the privatization of institutions, and the movement towards problematizing child abuse in the mid 1990s, after which residential institutions were designated as the last resort for maltreated young people. In the present situation, smaller institutions and a foster care system are strongly promoted in accordance with international guidelines for alternative care and the recent governmental guideline based on the Child Rearing Vision of 2010 and the Child Welfare Act of 2016. The task of present Japanese residential care institutions is to realize a family-like environment and a better placement strategy, collaborate more with specialists to improve the standard of care, function in the community as centers for the care of children in need, and expand their care work for young adults and care leavers. The paper concludes by stressing the need for more international exchange among individuals and groups working in Japanese residential care.
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Serah, Yenny Aman, Anita Yuliastini, Rini Setiawati, and Sri Ayu Septinawati. "PThe Role of Family Welfare Movement Team (TP-PKK) in Creating Child Protection in Fulfillment of Education Rights During the Covid-19 Pandemic." Community Development Journal 5, no. 3 (December 14, 2021): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/cdj.v5i3.1956.
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Covid-19 has a significant impact on the life of the Indonesian, including fulfilling the right to education for children. With the social distancing, the Ministry of Education in Indonesia issued a policy by closing schools and replacing the teaching and learning process using an online system. However, there are obstacles during online learning. One of them is parents' unpreparedness to accompany their children. It is necessary to build motivation for parents or families, especially mothers. Children as the goal of education and the realization of child protection have been regulated in legislation. The authors conducted the community service activity with an online legal counseling method to Family Welfare Movement Team (here and after called TP-PKK) in Regency/City throughout West Kalimantan. In conclusion, TP-PKK has a role in creating child protection in fulfillment of education rights during the Covid-19 pandemic. Legal counseling could be carried out widely and sustainably to motivate parents or families to assist their children in the online learning process, so child protection is realized
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LEE JUNE, PATRICIA. "Speak up for Children." Pediatrics 86, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.86.2.328.
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To the Editor.— In the February 1990 issue of Pediatrics, The New York Times was quoted in "Pro-Life? Then Pay Up."1 They are correct in implying that those of us who are pro-life bear a responsibility to the children of teenagers. However, the article is in error when it states that "The cruelest irony of the antiabortion movement is that many of its proponents have so little interest in the health and welfare of the resulting children after they are born."1
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Plum, M. Colette. "Lost Childhoods in a New China: Child-Citizen-Workers at War, 1937–1945." European Journal of East Asian Studies 11, no. 2 (2012): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-20121106.
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This article examines the emerging discourse of child-citizen-workers in wartime China and demonstrates how this concept of children’s citizenship was put into practice in work training programs within wartime children’s homes. This article argues that the idea of child-citizen-workers grew from three pre-war antecedents that converged and were greatly accelerated by China’s war with Japan: the new idea of an autonomous sphere of childhood articulated during the early Republican period; a progressive education movement to introduce labor training and experiential learning as essential elements of modern education; and Nationalist state-building and activist efforts at family reform, which viewed traditional parents with distrust and increasingly intervened in family life. The second half of the article focuses particularly on orphans, who were considered potentially unstable social elements due to their position outside the control of families, and whose lack of parental protection made them available for appropriation. This article demonstrates that the war opened up a space in which Guomindang state-builders, working with educators and childcare workers, attempted to restructure orphans lives within wartime child welfare institutions to realize a vision for China’s future: the ideal of child-citizen-workers habituated toward sacrifice for the nation.
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Balcom, Karen. "The Logic of Exchange: The Child Welfare League of America, The Adoption Resource Exchange Movement and the Indian Adoption Project, 1958–1967." Adoption & Culture 1, no. 1 (2007): 5–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ado.2007.0005.
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Warsono, Hardi. "The Mission of Basic Education That Is Overlooked in the Border Country (Case Study of Education Special Services for Indonesian Labor Child in Sebatik Island Indonesia-Malaysia Border)." Asian Social Science 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n1p59.
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The border region is currently still very identical to the "limitations" so almost all border regions in Indonesia have nearly the same issue namely welfare gaps to the Community border as a result of the limitations of the various issues of basic infrastructure, education, health issues to social economic problems communities are still largely dependent on neighboring countries. In the field of education is known for all education jargon that became the Foundation of the movement the fulfillment of education for all. In order to achieve the goals of national education the flattens, quality, relevant and efficient as mandated by legislation of the national education system the number 20 in 2003, where special education and special services (PK-LK) need very basic education gets special attention. A labor of Indonesia (TKI) at the boundary of the country generally citizens of the entrants in the Emergency Department and is busy with his household economic activities. The condition implies less serious handling education for their child. This problem is compounded by the limited educational facilities at the border. To address this movement of strange education boundary is required.
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Illingworth, R. S. "Book ReviewWar Is Good for Babies and Other Young Children: A history of the infant and child welfare movement in England 1898–1918." New England Journal of Medicine 317, no. 10 (September 3, 1987): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm198709033171027.
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Travis, Jeremy, and Joan Petersilia. "Reentry Reconsidered: A New Look at an Old Question." Crime & Delinquency 47, no. 3 (July 2001): 291–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128701047003001.
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Reflecting unprecedented prison expansion, the scale of prisoner reentry has reached new heights. Although the movement of individuals from prison to community is not new, a focus on the phenomenon of reentry at this time sheds light on the consequences of America's shifting sentencing policies, the changes in parole supervision, and the concentrated impact of removal and return of prisoners on disadvantaged communities. The profile of the current reentry cohort shows that prisoners are less prepared for reintegration and less connected to community-based social structures. Linkages between prisoner reentry and the related social policy domains of health policy, family and child welfare policy, workforce participation, civic participation, and racial disparities are examined to show the potential for more systematic reintegration policies. The article concludes with discussion of the implications of a reentry perspective for the development of new strategies for prisoner reintegration.
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Cantwell, Christopher D. "Sherri Broder,Tramps, Unfit Mothers, and Neglected Children: Negotiating the Family in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. 259 pp. $42.50 cloth." International Labor and Working-Class History 68 (October 2005): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547905270230.
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With the relatively recent renovation of the American welfare system, the current dispute over faith-based organizations administering federal aid, and the wanton usage of the term family values in political discourse, few can deny that debate over the family, welfare, and the state remains heated. To add greater depth and nuance to this debate, Sherri Broder has delved into the complex relationships between the subjects and objects of social reform in late-nineteenth century Philadelphia. She explores how wealthy reformers, evangelical rescue workers, the labor movement, and laboring people “all drew on the discourse of the family”—which revolved around contested definitions of what constituted a tramp, unfit mother, or neglected child—“to define themselves variously as gendered members of different social classes, as respected family and community members, as political actors, and as people with claims on the state, the police, and public and private social services”(6). Utilizing local and national labor periodicals, the published works of charity organizations and individual reformers, and the institutional records of the Pennsylvania Society to Protect Children from Cruelty (SPCC) and the pseudonymous “Haven for Unwed Mothers and Infants,” Broder moves topically throughout five chapters dissecting different components of Philadelphia's discourse on the family.
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Dettlaff, Alan J., Kristen Weber, Maya Pendleton, Reiko Boyd, Bill Bettencourt, and Leonard Burton. "It is not a broken system, it is a system that needs to be broken: the upEND movement to abolish the child welfare system." Journal of Public Child Welfare 14, no. 5 (September 6, 2020): 500–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2020.1814542.
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Burkhard, Tanja. "Facing Post-Truth Conspiracies in the Classroom." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 11, no. 3 (2022): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2022.11.3.24.
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This article employs Black feminist autoethnographic methods (Griffin, 2012; Burkhard, 2020) to examine a series of racialized, gendered, and xenophobic incidents in an undergraduate class focused on equity and diversity, in which the author was the instructor after the summer of 2020—now often referred to as the “Summer of Racial Reckoning.” The aforementioned incidents generated severe discomfort in the classroom and revolved around the interactions between a student who is a member of the radical far-right QAnon movement and the instructor, a Black immigrant woman. Drawing on journal entries, emails, and other artifacts, this article examines the layers of discomfort that arose in the class due to the incompatibility of ideologies that emerged from the instructor’s culturally sustaining pedagogical approaches (Paris & Alim, 2014; Wong & Burkhard, 2021) and the politicized rhetoric related to race, (im)migration, and child welfare promoted within particular circles of the QAnon movement. These incompatible ideologies called into question what it means to teach for justice and “to create an open learning community” (hooks, 1994, p. 8) on the one hand, and on the other hand, what it means for instructors of color to work through layers of violence, fear, and discomfort for themselves and for students of color within predominantly white classrooms.
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Eva Oktasari and Titin Eka Sugiatini. "Analysis Of Factors Related To Antenatal Care (Anc) Services In Pregnant Women At Waringinkurung Public Health Center." International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) 2, no. 4 (August 7, 2022): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijhp.v2i4.89.
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Antenatal Consideration (ANC) assessment is an effort that saves pregnant women and young people from the causes of gloom and death. The purpose of the ANC is to plan as meticulously and intellectually as possible in order to keep the mom and newborn child pregnant. The requirements related to the contribution of ANC for pregnant women in the Waringinkurung welfare focus strategy were investigated:In the Waringinkurung welfare focus strategy, the described factor is the ANC contribution to pregnant women. Tutoring, data, age, calling, and data sources are all unbiased factors. The survey was used to determine the number of tests from the Slovin section to 83 people. After the facts have been gathered and handled, they will be examined. Results: The study found that the factors associated with providing ANC to young pregnant women at the Waringinkurung polyclinic were ANC contribution (p cost = 0.001), tutoring (p cost = 0.048), information (p cost = 0.030), age (p cost = zero,039), movement (p cost = 0.030), but also source of information (p cost = zero,0.5). The average number of antenatal care visits is several.with the goal of appropriately improving the mother's ability Tips: It is best for pregnant women to have routine pregnancy checks once a month to determine the condition of the mother and baby in the stomach. important phrases: Administration of Ante Natalcare (ANC), preparation, grasp, age, call, and data source.
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Birnkammer, Susanne, and Claudia Calvano. "A Creative and Movement-Based Blended Intervention for Children in Outpatient Residential Care: A Mixed-Method, Multi-Center, Single-Arm Feasibility Trial." Children 10, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020207.
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The COVID-19 pandemic led to psychological distress among children and adolescents. Due to multiple psychosocial burdens, the youth in residential care were especially exposed to an increased risk of mental health problems during the pandemic. In a multi-center, single-arm feasibility trial, N = 45 children and adolescents aged 7–14 years were allocated to a 6-week blended care intervention, conducted in six outpatient residential child welfare facilities. The intervention covered a once weekly face-to-face group session for guided creative (art therapy, drama therapy) and movement-oriented (children’s yoga, nature therapy) activities. This was accompanied by a resilience-oriented mental-health app. Feasibility and acceptance analyses covered app usage data and qualitative data. Effectiveness was determined by pre-post comparisons in quantitative data on psychological symptoms and resources. Further, subgroups for poorer treatment outcome were explored. The intervention and app were considered to be feasible and were accepted by residential staff and the children. No significant pre-post changes were found across quantitative outcomes. However, being female, being in current psychosocial crisis, a migration background, or a mentally ill parent were correlated with change in score of outcomes from baseline. These preliminary findings pave the way for future research on blended care interventions among at-risk children and adolescents.
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González, Elisa M. "Nurturing the Citizens of the Future: Milk Stations and Child Nutrition in Puerto Rico, 1929–60." Medical History 59, no. 2 (March 13, 2015): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2015.5.
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AbstractBetween the 1930s and 1960s Puerto Rico was transformed from a marginal United States territory into an industrialised ‘showcase of development’. This article investigates the organisation of milk station programmes on the island during this crucial period and how these reflected the circulation of child welfare knowledge, nutrition expertise and public health practices. During the Depression, these perspectives fostered a recast of the eugenic regeneration ideologies motivating medical assessments of and sanitary interventions with Puerto Rico’s rural poor since the nineteenth century. Innovations in nutrition knowledge and an emerging rural hygiene movement highlighted the negative health effects of the island’s monocrops economy. In this context, the nourishment of children’s bodies assumed symbolic and instrumental significance for the reconfiguration of colonial and developmental models promoted by the new Popular Democratic Party (PPD). The experience of public health professionals in relief work during the 1930s contributed to the articulation of food and nutrition as key elements of this party’s populist discourse. Programmes like milk stations became part of strategies to rear and manage the labour force needed in the industrial development model promoted by the PPD. From the perspective of poor Puerto Ricans, however, they were part of the materialisation of its promise of social justice for the poorer classes.
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Rogers, Ruth. "‘I remember thinking, why isn’t there someone to help me? Why isn’t there someone who can help me make sense of what I’m going through?’." Journal of Sociology 47, no. 4 (November 29, 2011): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783311420793.
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Recent years have seen a shift away from youth transitions being understood as a linear progression towards conventional goals. Instead, it is now argued that youth transitions tend to be highly chaotic, often involving non-linear and fragmented movement between dependence and independence. This article discusses how young people leaving the state care system are seldom afforded the luxury of a more gradual and non-linear transition. Instead, for them, the possibilities of adult futures remain marked by chronic and continuing exclusion as they move abruptly into ‘instant adulthood’, with no opportunity to return to the child welfare system should they find themselves unable to make it on their own. Drawing from findings of 30 in-depth interviews with young care leavers, social workers and further and higher education institutions in the UK, the article considers the experiences of young people leaving state care, including their perceived lack of ‘care’, and the importance they place on unconditional and emotional support and contact.
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Wanti, Linda Perdana, and Eka Tripustikasari. "Pelatihan Komputer Dasar Bagi Kader PKK dan Posyandu Di Desa Patikraja." Madani : Indonesian Journal of Civil Society 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/madani.v1i1.22.
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Empowerment of Family Welfare or often abbreviated as PKK is a movement that has been built from the center to the village and its existence and benefits have been felt by the community. This PKK activity is reflected in the 10 PKK Principal Programs, one of which is focused on health and attention specifically aimed at maternal and child health. So that an Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) was formed consisting of trained Posyandu cadres. These trained Posyandu cadres are not only seen from the way they handle maternal and child health but also must be supported by their ability to use computers in the process of recording and data collection. However, not all PKK and Posyandu Cadres, especially in villages, are adept at using computers, for example, PKK Cadres and Patikraja Village Posyandu. In fact, many cadres are new to computers and cannot use standard programs such as Microsoft PowerPoint and Microsoft Word. The goal of this community service program is to improve the capabilities and competencies of PKK Cadres and Patikraja Village Posyandu in operating computers to support good and smooth performance in terms of administration and data collection. Based on the results of the evaluation it was seen that PKK cadres and the Patikraja Village Posyandu attended the training with great enthusiasm and they were able to practice the material very well.
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Anshor, Ahmad Muhtadi, and Muhammad Ngizzul Muttaqin. "The Implementation of Gender-Responsive Fiqh: A Study of Model Application of Women-Friendly and Child Care Village in Post-Covid-19 Pandemic." Justicia Islamica 19, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 132–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v19i1.3705.
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Amid the gender-responsive movement, this study attempts to address issues in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This is because fiqh products appear unable to address contemporary issues, particularly those affecting women and children. The frequent sexual and domestic abuse and women's slower acceleration than men are some of the issues women face today. Meanwhile, the current children in Indonesia are also experiencing various pressures with the many problems of violence against them. Worse yet, when Indonesia encounters health problems and the severity of Covid-19, Indonesia also faces the problem of women’s and children’s welfare. To overcome this problem, the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (Kemen PPPA) and the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration (Kemendesa PDTT) have declared a Movement to Increase Women's Involvement through Women-Friendly and Child-Care Village. After the Covid-19 emergency, this movement is one of the synergistic efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in every town. This study of Islamic law is classified as a reaction to societal issues. This study focusing on literature studies finds that implementing women-friendly and child-care villages represents the responsive ijtihad fiqh methodology support in developing fiqh towards gender responsiveness.Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab tantangan terhadap hukum Islam (fiqih) di tengah gerakan responsif gender. Hal ini dikarenakan produk fiqih selama ini masih terkesan belum bisa merespon problematika kontemporer, khususnya problematika perempuan dan anak. Beberapa problematika yang dialami oleh perempuan saat ini adalah maraknya kekerasan seksual maupun kekerasan dalam rumah tangga serta akselerasi perempuan yang masih terbatas dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Sementera itu, kondisi anak di Indonesia saat ini juga mengalami berbagai tekanan dengan banyaknya problematika kekerasan terhadap anak. Lebih parah lagi ketika Indonesia dihadapkan dengan problem kesehatan dan ganasnya Covid-19, Indonesia juga dihadapkan dengan problem kesejahteraan perempuan dan anak. Sehingga untuk mengatasi problem tersebut, Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (Kemen PPPA) bersama Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi (Kemendesa PDTT) telah mendeklarasikan Gerakan Peningkatan Keterlibatan Perempuan Melalui Desa Ramah Perempuan dan Desa Peduli Anak. Gerakan ini menjadi salah satu upaya sinergi mewujudkan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan atau Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) di setiap desa pasca darurat Covid-19. Upaya ini dalam kajian hukum Islam dikategorikan sebagai bentuk respon atas problematika yang ada di masyarakat. Kajian yang menitikberatkan pada studi pustaka ini menemukan bahwa implementasi desa ramah perempuan dan peduli anak adalah representasi dari metodologi ijtihad fiqih responsif. Pada aspek praktis, temuan dalam kajian ini memiliki kontribusi dalam perumusan kebijakan yang berorientasi pada keramahan terhadap perempuan dan anak yang kemudian menjadi alternatif dan sandaran dalam pengembangan fiqih menuju responsif gender
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Balides, Constance. "Sociological Film, Reform Publicity, and the Secular Spectator." Feminist Media Histories 3, no. 4 (2017): 10–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2017.3.4.10.
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This essay analyzes how “sociological films,” an early iteration of social problem films during the 1910s, participated in a wider historical formation of social reform, one that was heavily influenced by women. It investigates the category of sociological film as it was discussed in Moving Picture World; the connection between practical Progressive Era reform initiatives and the emerging field of sociology, especially through the figure of Jane Addams and the social settlement movement; and reform publicity methods, which included sociological moving pictures along with photographs, living displays, and interactive exhibits on child labor and civic welfare. Reform exhibits were frequently organized through women's volunteer organizations and relied on women's voluntary labor. Female participant observer sociologists talked about the importance of social imagination. Addams's sympathetic understanding was implicated in a gendered construction of knowledge of the social. The essay develops the notion of a “secular spectator” as a way of characterizing an address in sociological films both to a social subject who was part of a social formation of reform, and to a civic subject who was enjoined to do something about social problems based on knowledge of social facts and social sympathy.
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Winter, Jay M. "Deborah Dwork, War is good for babies and other young children. A history of the infant and child welfare movement in England 1898–1918 (London: Tavistock Publications, 1987). Pages 307. £30.00." Continuity and Change 4, no. 3 (December 1989): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000003829.
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Fatmawanti, Besse, and Naldi Gantika. "PELAYANAN PUBLIK BAGI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DI KOTA PADANG." UNES Law Review 2, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v2i2.109.
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Research is important written in a journal is caused by several reasons: First , fulfillment of public services, especially for persons with disabilities, is an obligation and responsibility of the government in terms of fulfillment, both in the form of public services in the form of roads and sidewalks that are useful for the movement of persons with disabilities or for their mobility from one place to another, as well as supporting life supporters of disability. Article 2 of Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights states that the Republic of Indonesia recognizes and upholds human rights and basic human freedoms as rights which naturally inherit to and are inseparable from humans, which must be protected, respected and enforced for the sake of increasing human dignity . Then it is also regulated that the right to protect, respect and uphold human rights is the government and in full in Article 71 of Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights stated that "the Government is obliged and responsible to respect, protect, enforce and promote human rights regulated in this law, other laws and regulations, and international law on human rights received by the Republic of Indonesia. And it should not be forgotten also Article 72 which reads that the obligations and responsibilities of the government as referred to in Article 71 include effective implementation steps in the legal, political, economic, social, cultural, defense and security fields of the state and other fields. At least, there are 10 types of rights regulated in Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, a) the right to life, b) the right to family and continuing descent, c) the right to self-development, d) the right to justice, e) the right to personal freedom, f) the right to security, g) the right to welfare, h) the right to welfare, i) the right to participate in government, j) the right of women, k) the rights of the child.
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Jimeno, Roldán. "The birth of children’s rights between the First and Second World Wars: The historical events leading up to the Convention." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 19, no. 1 (2020): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2020.19.01.06.
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At the beginning of the twentieth century, the industrialised countries had no guidelines for protecting children. From the time of its creation, the League of Nations has been interested in improving the situation of children and expanding their rights. To accomplish just that, the Child Welfare Committee was created in 1919. The creation of said Committee was the first action taken by the international community in a matter that was not to be left to the sole discretion of the states. That same year, the Englishwoman Eglantyne Jebb and her sister Dorothy founded Save the Children, which evolved very quickly and, in 1920, gave way to the establishment of the International Save the Children Union, headquartered in Geneva. In 1924, the League of Nations approved the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child, drafted by Eglantyne Jebb herself. The first big challenge that said legal doctrine and the partnership in favour of children's rights came up against was the Spanish Civil War. The first great movement of refugee children featured the children of the Basque Country, who were welcomed in Great Britain. Let us take a look at this case as an example of the practical side of the first legal doctrine on children’s rights. On 21 May 1937, over 3,800 Basque children arrived at the port of Southampton, accompanied by just over two hundred adults. The British created the “Basque Children’s Committee”, chaired by the Duchess of Atholl, and the Basque government was in charge of organising the escape expedition. These children lived for four months in tents in a camp in Eastleigh, supported by voluntary contributions, particularly by left-wing English organisations, before they were sent to homes and organised ‘colonies’ spread throughout the United Kingdom.
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D. McLarty, Benjamin, and Peter A. Rosen. "The physician of Packingtown: the life and impact of Dr Caroline Hedger." Journal of Management History 20, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-02-2012-0012.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to illustrate the instrumental role of physician Caroline Hedger during the first half of the twentieth century, with her emphasis on worker health, which influenced American society and helped to improve working and living conditions of people across the USA. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on archival newspaper clippings, original journal articles and books written by the subject, historical manuscripts and other labor history resources, this manuscript pulls together information on this topic in a unique way to give a broad view of the impact of Hedger and her important role not only for the city of Chicago, but the nation as a whole. Findings – This research concludes that Hedger was an instrumental force and tireless advocate for the improvement of public health and social change. She was a constant driver for the creation of better living and working conditions of poor laborers, especially immigrants and women, desired the enhancement of child welfare, and was also helpful in supporting the labor movement and educating those involved in the process. Originality/value – This is the first manuscript to explore the role played by Caroline Hedger in relation to her impact on the importance of the health of workers and their families. Her story is a testament to the powerful effect of a single person in a dynamic world, and demonstrates how understanding a worker's health contributes to greater insights about management history.
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West, Richard. "Deborah Dwork, War is goodfor babies and other young children: a history ofthe infant and child welfare movement in England 1898–1918, London and New York, Tavistock Publications, 1987, pp. 307, illus., £27.00." Medical History 32, no. 1 (January 1988): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300047785.
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Jacob, Sujamol, Simi Prasadchandran Seetha, and Yesodha Sujatha. "Effectiveness of baby friendly hospital initiative implementation on timely initiation of breast feeding - a comparative study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 3 (February 22, 2017): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170733.
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Background: Breast milk is unquestionably the best milk for new born baby. As per UNICEF and WHO, immediate initiation and exclusive breast feeding for six months are essential for reducing infant and neonatal mortality and malnutrition and improving young child survival. In a study conducted by Indian Association of Pediatrics (IAP) in 2009 showed that there has been an alarming decline in breast feeding practices over years. This created great concern and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare decided to revive the BFHI programme, a global movement that aims to give every baby the best start in life by creating a health care environment where breast feeding is the norm. We, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sree Avittom Thirunal Hospital, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala conducted a study to compare the breast-feeding practices prior to and after implementation of BFHI programme.Methods: This was a comparative study done in 2013 -14 among 320 post-natal mothers delivered at SAT hospital before and after BFHI implementation to study the improvement in Breast feeding practices.Results: The revamping programme of BFHI brought significant change in timely initiation of breast feeding within one hour of delivery. Knowledge of mothers increased in the post implementation group. Proactive approach from the part of health workers also showed significant improvement.Conclusions: The campaign has initiated a positive response highlighting the benefits of breast feeding and dangers of bottle or animal milk feeding. A well-organized community awareness programme involving obstetrician, pediatrician and other health personnel will help in promotion of breast feeding through periodic review of the status and progress of the programme.
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McGreal, Cathleen Erin. "Healthy babies: The soldiers of tomorrow. War is good for babies & young children: A history of the infant and child welfare movement in England 1898–1918, Deborah Dwork, Tavistock publications, 1987, 307 pages, $37.00/cloth." Infant Mental Health Journal 9, no. 3 (1988): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(198823)9:3<245::aid-imhj2280090307>3.0.co;2-d.
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Woolley, Frances R. "Book Review: Jan Tinbergen and Dietrich Fischer, Warfare and Welfare: Integrating Security Policy into Socio-economie Policy (Brighton: Wheatsheaf, 1987, 307pp., £27.00). Deborah Dwork, War is Good for Babies and Other Young Children: A History of the Infant and Child Welfare Movement in England 1898-1918 (London: Tavistock, 1987, 189pp., £38.50)." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 17, no. 2 (June 1988): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298880170020425.
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Ėmužis, Marius. "The Social Portrait of the Most Active Communists and Their Supporters in the First Republic of Lithuania." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 43 (August 8, 2019): 44–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2019.43.3.
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The aim of this article is to provide a social portrait of the most active communists and their supporters who had participated in the illegal underground communist movement during the period of the First Lithuanian Republic (1918–1940). Also, we analyze the question of what socioeconomic conditions led these people to participate in or support the communist underground. The biographies and biographical data of two hundred forty-two individuals (the most active members of the communist party of Lithuania, their supporters, and party leadership from 1926) were researched. The main source for such a study were autobiographies and questionnaires gathered by the former Institute of Party History of Soviet Lithuania. The social portrait was divided by studying the birthplace (city, town, or village), social origins, the situation of the wealth of the family, the education of the person, their marital status, children, occupation, and imprisonment. Many causes (written in autobiographies) of why these individuals joined the communist movement were related to their socialization and social contacts (influence from parents, friends, school, etc.). But it cannot be said that only these causes were relevant. People were also influenced by their social background, education, and the welfare of their families. All these aspects were also interrelated. This problem must be analyzed using a multicausal approach.There was not much quantitative difference between those who were born in the cities or in the villages, but when they began participating in the underground communist movement, their supporters mostly migrated to cities. Most of the analyzed people had come from workers’ families (about 40%) or the peasantry (28%). In total, about 70 percent of them came from quite poor families – 47% of the analyzed individuals described in their autobiographies the poor financial conditions of their upbringing; others also described difficulties, having lost one or both of their parents. However, about 20% wrote that their families lived quite normally, although these individuals still joined the communist movement. This proves that not only the financial situation of families was the deciding factor.The education acquired by these individuals was quite poor, too – about half had only primary education and did go to secondary school but did not finish it. About 13% had finished secondary schools, and only 5% acquired a higher degree diploma. The leadership of the CPL differed, as half of them had finished communist education schools in Moscow before returning to Lithuania.Because of the illegal activities in which they were engaged, many active communists and their supporters did not have families of their own (only 27% were married), and many did not have children (only 15% had a child).Most of the people analyzed were workers; some 9% did not have any long-term occupation, having to hide and move around a lot. About 12% were “professional revolutionaries” engaged in party work and were paid by the party. About 18% were pupils or students (mostly the supporters). Only about 14% worked as teachers, medics, accountants, etc. About half of these people were imprisoned at least once, and about 35% of them were imprisoned longer than 3 months. Party members were imprisoned more often and longer.
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Bravo, Viviana M., Toby G. Knowles, and Carmen Gallo. "Factors Affecting the Welfare of Calves in Auction Markets." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 8, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060333.
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Marketing cattle through auctions increases marketing time, exposing animals to more stressful events. Within Chile, 37% of auctioned cattle are “calves”. To assess factors that may be affecting the welfare of calves during movement and penning, twelve markets were visited to evaluate behavioral indicators of welfare, handling, and facilities. Behavioral indicators during movement were classified into movement and other behaviors, and indicators during penning were classified into positive or negative behavioral welfare indicators. For each group of calves, an index was calculated based on a proportion of observed behavioral indicators. Statistical models were built to identify variables associated with changes in these indices. Presence of inappropriate driving, inadequate lighting, and slippery floor was associated with a movement index increase (poorer welfare). Negative tactile interactions were associated with an increase, and group size was associated with a decrease in movement index and other behavior indices. During penning, not mixing animals from different sources was associated with an increase and stocking density with a decrease in positive welfare index. Number of auctioned cattle, observation number, and not mixing with incompatible and/or with calves from different sources were factors associated with a decrease in negative welfare index, and the presence of males was associated with an increase. Behavioral welfare indicators were mostly associated with handling.
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Babyshev, Vyacheslav. "Impact of intergenerational transfers on fertility." Population 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.1.8.
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On the theoretical basis of the "generational economy" the article describes the "model of overlapping generations" and "life cycle model" as the cause of the existence of intergenerational transfers. The classification of approaches to their study is carried out. Based on the exchange model (the concept of childbearing as a long-term investment in future transfers from adult children to elderly parents) and the theory of substitutions (crowding out private transfers by public social systems), the "elderly security hypothesis" is highlighted as a possible socio-economic reason for the demographic transition. Based on the works of A. Cigno, a theoretical review of this theory is made using the concepts of ^substitution effect» and «free rider effect». According to the works of R. Fenge and B. Scheubel, the "income effect" and "price effect" are defined as the key parameters for testing this hypothesis. An overview of the existing scientific and practical works on the topic of research is made, highlighting methods and results on the following examples: Italy after World War II, Germany at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Brazil in 1991-2000, Hungary in 19502006, 34 OECD countries in the 1990s and the consolidated data for 121 countries at present. The author has carried out his own empirical test of the «hypothesis of elderly security» in the countries of the world on the basis of UN and OECD statistics. Coverage, social security spending, replacement rate, mandatory premium rate, and an increased risk of poverty among older people support the safe aging theory of upward intergenerational transfers from children to parents. But the internal rate of return of pension systems and the average income of older people support the competing hypothesis of top-down intergenerational transfers from parent to child. It is concluded that, with a relatively low standard of living of population, intergenerational transfers go from children to parents, but when a certain level of national welfare is reached, the movement of transfers changes to the opposite direction.
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Shevchuk, A. V., and O. M. Bodnaruk. "Comparative Analysis of the Criminal and Legal Protection of Morality in the Legislations of Ukraine and Moldova." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 66 (November 29, 2021): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.66.35.
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The article under studies relies on the understanding that the future of any state, society and mankind on the whole largely depends on the moral virtues of each individual. However, today's moral, spiritual and cultural basics are seriously challenged, annihilated and neglected.
Resting on a comparative-legal analysis of the current criminal legislation of Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, the article deals with the peculiarities of the criminal and legal protection of morality, identifies in the above legislations certain common and distinctive features in the context of existence and construction of legal norms, investigates their structural elements and, eventually, determines types of punishment.
It has been substantiated that Ukrainian criminal legislation is rather progressive in terms of the criminal and legal protection of morality. It might be explained by the fact that respective criminal and legal prohibitions not only have been reflected in a special section of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, but are also described there in detail. In addition, these prohibitions are marked with partial, but at the same time significant and expedient changes and supplements that completely comply with the present-day challenges (for instance, in terms of liability for cruel treatment of animals, vandalizing a grave or other burial place or the body of the deceased, etc.). Particular emphasis has been laid on the fact that due to the recent changes in the Criminal Code, which came into force in March, 2021, especially striking are the elements of such crimes as access to child pornography, its acquisition, storage, import, transportation or other movement, production, sale and dissemination (Art. 301-1), and carrying out of entertaining action of sexual character with participation of the minor (Art. 301-2).
On the other hand, the criminal legislation of Moldova does not contain a separate structural part, which would systematize all socially hazardous actions regarding morality. Instead, certain articles on the protection of social morality are enshrined in different chapters of a Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. It is also important that the article under discussion draws a conclusion that the protection of social morality in the criminal legislation of Moldova comprises both traditional for most states norms (for example, liability for pimping, illegal acts on pornographic objects, vandalizing a grave, etc.) and not quite common ones (liability for incest, obtaining child prostitution services; cruel treatment of animals by a person responsible for the care, protection and welfare of animals, for training or veterinary care; vandalism; debauched actions in the form of exhibitionism, compelling to participate in making pornographic performances, etc.).
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Voievodin, I. "Organizational and legal framework for the protection of environmental human rights within the African Union." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 72 (November 27, 2022): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.68.
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The article analyzes the activities of the African Union (1963-2002 - Organization of African Unity) in the field of protection of environmental human rights – an intergovernmental organization created in 2002 to promote the unity and solidarity among African states, stimulate economic development and promote international cooperation, protect human rights, in particular in the environmental sphere. In particular, the category of environmental human rights includes the right to a healthy, safe and adequate environment, the highest attainable level of physical and mental health, an adequate standard of living, nutrition, the right to clean and safe drinking water, the right to receive information about the state of the environment etc. It was determined that due to the specificity of the African region, the complexity of its socio-economic processes and the existence of humanitarian crises, the protection of environmental human rights is not given sufficient attention, as a result of which the existing organizational and legal mechanism for the protection of such rights is imperfect.
A number of international legal acts adopted under the auspices of the Organization of African Unity and the African Union regarding the promotion, guaranteeing and protection of such rights were analyzed, in particular: the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights of 1981, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child of 1990, the Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa of 1991, Constitutive Act of the African Union of 2000, Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) of 2003, African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources of 2003, Agenda 2063: The Africa we want, etc. It was determined that the basis of the institutional system for the protection of environmental human rights is the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the Special Procedures established by the Commission, and the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. The practice of protecting environmental human rights in the African region was characterized. In accordance with the stated problems, appropriate conclusions and recommendations were made.
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Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne, and Anna Duncan Johnson. "G. Stanley Hall's Contribution to Science, Practice and Policy: The Child Study, Parent Education, and Child Welfare Movements." History of Psychology 9, no. 3 (August 2006): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1093-4510.9.3.247.
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Bode, Ingo. "Vernetzung als regierungstechnologisches Rettungsprogramm?" Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 63, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2017-0006.
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AbstractWithin the infrastructure of the modern welfare state, networking and collaboration across organizational and professional boundaries are far and wide considered as being deficient. At the same time, many experts refer to them as a silver bullet for overcoming institutional fragmentation and recent movements towards exacerbated social disintegration, even as governments tend to enforce collaboration formally. Using the example of child protection in Germany, this article draws on a mix of theories of government technologies in order to elucidate reasons for problems with actual collaborative arrangements in the social welfare sector, suggesting that, due to certain bottom-up dynamics, enforced networking in this sector is unlikely to be achieved by the policies under study. The analysis is based on evidence from case studies in five local settings, illustrating how major professional groups and organizations are dealing with evolving regulation and related challenges.