Journal articles: 'Child welfare Australia Societies'

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Arnull, Elaine, and Stacey Stewart. "Developing a Theoretical Framework to Discuss Mothers Experiencing Domestic Violence and Being Subject to Interventions: A Cross-National Perspective." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1561.

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The discourse about domestic violence has developed in patriarchal societies, and so we position our understanding of ‘mother’ within a patriarchal framework. We explore the ways in which ‘mothering’ and ‘mother blame’ have been constructed within that framework and how this becomes relevant in the context of domestic violence and child welfare social work. We review literature from Australia, Canada, England and Wales, and the United States of America that has focused on child welfare responses to mothers experiencing domestic violence and abuse. On the basis of that review, we argue that mothers are responsibilised for violence and abuse they do not perpetrate. We show that the way legislation operates in some jurisdictions facilitates hegemonic, patriarchal constructions. We call for a review of current child welfare social work policy and practice in which domestic violence is present.

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Gál, Róbert Iván, Pieter Vanhuysse, and Lili Vargha. "Pro-elderly welfare states within child-oriented societies." Journal of European Public Policy 25, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 944–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1401112.

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Swain, Shurlee. "Derivative and indigenous in the history and historiography of child welfare in Australia: Part One." Children Australia 26, no. 4 (2001): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010415.

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This article traces the history of child welfare in Australia, showing the ways in which policies and practices, deriving primarily from Britain, were adopted and adapted in a nation in which jurisdiction was split between colonies/states and further divided, within states, on the basis of race. It argues that child welfare has always been part of the nation-building project, central to national objectives when children could be constructed as future citizens, marginal, and more punitive, when they were more easily understood as threats to social stability. In this first part it examines the history of welfare provision for non-indigenous children in Australia from 1788 to 1939. The second part, to be published in a subsequent issue, will discuss post-war developments in services for non-indigenous children, indigenous child welfare services and the historiography of child welfare in Australia.

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Constantine, Stephen. "The British government, child welfare, and child migration to Australia after 1945." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 30, no. 1 (January 2002): 99–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086530208583135.

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Parton, Nigel. "An ‘authoritarian neoliberal’ approach to child welfare and protection?" Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 28, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss2id219.

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Recent years have seen significant changes in the organisation and focus of children’s services in many advanced ‘western’ societies. While this has varied in different jurisdictions (see for example Gilbert, Parton Skivenes, 2011), we can identify one set of developments which have become increasingly evident in certain countries and which is perhaps illustrated at its sharpest in England with the emergence of, what I call, an authoritarian neoliberal approach to child welfare and protection (Parton, 2014).

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Wharf, Brian. "Preventing Out of Home Placements." Children Australia 16, no. 3 (1991): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200013195.

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The following article by Professor Brian Wharf is based on programs operating in the USA. There are some signs of placement prevention programs being embraced by government bodies and non-government child welfare agencies in Australia and in Canada. His experience of developments in Australia, during a recent visit, prompted him to put forward this article for publication in Children Australia. There appears to be a remarkable similarity of interests between child welfare issues in Australia and Canada, particularly round the question of whether protection and prevention services should be integrated or provided by separate agencies or departments. Children Australia hopes this will be the first in a series of exchanges between Australia and Canada.

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Swain, Shurlee. "Derivative and indigenous in the history and historiography of child welfare in Australia: Part Two." Children Australia 27, no. 1 (2002): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004909.

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This article traces the history of child welfare in Australia, showing the ways in which policies and practices, deriving primarily from Britain, were adopted and adapted in a nation in which jurisdiction was split between colonies/states and further divided, within states, on the basis of race. It argues that child welfare has always been part of the nation-building project, central to national objectives when children could be constructed as future citizens, marginal, and more punitive, when they were more easily understood as threats to social stability. In this second part, it discusses post-war developments in services for non-indigenous children, and indigenous child welfare services. It concludes with a discussion of the historiography of child welfare in Australia arguing that because, to date, historical writing has concentrated on localised or specialist studies, child welfare professionals have limited access to an understanding of the history of the systems within which they work.

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Pitman, Tony. "Children Australia: A proud past and an exciting future." Children Australia 35, no. 4 (2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200001218.

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Children Australia is entering a new and exciting era in its development. After some 35 years as an academic and practice-oriented publication, the Journal is now set to continue this tradition, but also to broaden its scope in response to the increasing complexity of working with children, young people and their families and carers.Over nearly four decades, we have enjoyed the support of a number of organisations, key activists in the field and practitioners. Established in 1976 under the title of Australian Child and Family Welfare, the Journal was published by the Children's Welfare Association in Victoria as the quarterly journal of the Child and Family Welfare Council of Australia and funded by the Children's Welfare Foundation. Publication of the journal coincided with a number of key policy changes through the 1970s, and in 1979, during the International Year of the Child, it addressed a range of themes that were paramount in the minds of academics and practitioners both in Australia and overseas. The 1980s saw new challenges in the sector, computerisation, the amalgamations of a range of children's agencies, and devolution of services from government in to the non-Government sector, together with major economic change. By the late 1980s, Australia was in recession and many in the sector were facing major organisational changes, particularly in Victoria under the Kennett government.

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Tilbury, Clare, and June Thoburn. "Children in out-of-home care in Australia: International comparisons." Children Australia 33, no. 3 (2008): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200000262.

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As governments increasingly search globally for strategies to improve child welfare outcomes, it is vital to consider how policies and programs developed in other countries are likely to suit local conditions. Routinely collected child welfare administrative data can provide contextual information for cross-national comparisons. This article examines out-of-home care in Australia compared to other developed countries, and explores possible explanations for differences in patterns and trends. In doing so, it also examines the similarities and differences between NSW, Victoria and Queensland. It is argued that a sound understanding of how out-of-home care is used, the profile of children in care and the influences on data can assist policy makers to match proposed solutions to clearly understood current problems. The imperative is to plan and implement policies and programs that locate out-of-home care within a range of child welfare services that meet the diverse needs of children and families within local contexts.

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Podberscek, A. L. "Illuminating Issues of Companion Animal Welfare Through Research into Human-Animal Interactions." Animal Welfare 6, no. 4 (November 1997): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600020078.

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Companion or pet animals are an integral part of many societies. Ownership rates of at least one pet for every two households (50%) have been reported in numerous countries, including the UK (Pet Food Manufacturers’ Association 1996), The Netherlands (Endenburg et al 1990), Poland (Fogle 1994), the USA (Rowan 1992), France (Anon 1995a) and Australia (Anon 1995b). While on one hand the animals gain from their close association with humans by being sheltered, fed and loved, they can also suffer neglect, cruelty, abandonment, unnecessary euthanasia, and may develop behaviour problems. The quality of our relationships with these animals is indeed variable.

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CONSIDINE, MARK. "Markets, Networks and the New Welfare State: Employment Assistance Reforms in Australia." Journal of Social Policy 28, no. 2 (April 1999): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279499005607.

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Contemporary theoretical debates point to a transformation of societies and social organisations away from universal forms of mass production and consumption, organised through mass institutions, towards smaller, diversified, entrepreneurial units linked together by new forms of market and network co-ordination. This greater diversity is also held to be a feature of service users who require individually fashioned solutions to non-standard problems and tailored products for their different tastes.Applications of these accounts of social and economic transformation to the public sector propose similar patterns to those evident in private industry and in regional communities. The large, standardised bureaucracy is seen to give way to de-coupled, multiple agency models of service delivery within a new type of welfare state.The study uses interviews and surveys (n = 365) with service delivery staff in the Australian employment assistance sector where transformations of this type have recently been sponsored by government. These data indicate that many of the key propositions of the post-Fordist account are valid. Smaller, non-unionised units dominate the new order and services are devolved to the local level. However a number of the expected patterns of flexible specialisation, diversity and networking are not found, suggesting marked differences and possible tensions between public and private sector forms of organisational development in the new order.

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Seymour, John. "The Role of the Family Court of Australia in Child Welfare Matters." Federal Law Review 21, no. 1 (March 1992): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x9202100101.

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Blackstock, Cindy. "After the apology: Why are so many First Nations children still in foster care?" Children Australia 34, no. 1 (2009): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000050x.

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Although the undesirable child outcomes arising from the chronic over-representation of First Nations children and young people in child welfare care have been broadly acknowledged in Canada, research on this critical issue is just emerging. This paper summarizes the North American literature on ethnic over-representation and structural risks to inform future research directions in First Nations child welfare. Comparisons to the situation of Aboriginal children in Australia are also discussed.

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Fahrudin, Adi, Husmiati Yusuf, and Mohd Dahlan H. A. Malek. "Child Abuse and Neglect: Psychological Impact and Role of Social Work." International Journal of Social Work 3, no. 1 (March 19, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v3i1.8842.

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<p>Child welfare is considered a special area of practice within the profession of social work, and the principles and values of the social work profession generally fit with policies that guide modern child welfare organizations. In most countries, social workers in child welfare agencies have a minimum of a requirement and are registered with a government body that holds them accountable for competent and ethical practice. Child abuse can affect personality growth and later adult behavior. A social worker is closely connected with the study of causes, with treatment and associated research. Underpinning that mission is the belief that all societies have a duty to aim for an abuse-free environment. It needs to be recognized by students that working in this area can be very stressful for the professionals concerned. Interventions require exposure to deviant and stressful situations, which can, over time, affect the mental health of workers themselves. In some situations, dealing with criminal perpetrators can also be threatening and dangerous.</p>

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Fauske, Halvor, Bente Kojan, and Anita Skårstad Storhaug. "Social Class and Child Welfare: Intertwining Issues of Redistribution and Recognition." Social Sciences 7, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7090143.

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By the end of the 20th century, social class appeared to be an old-fashioned and outdated concept. Serious doubts were expressed about the theoretical and empirical relevance of social class in understanding inequalities in contemporary society. However, experiences from completing research with children and families receiving support from child welfare services shows that applying a class perspective is useful. The purpose of our study was to explore the redistributive and cultural dimensions of social class in the context of child welfare. The data include survey interviews with 715 families in contact with the Norwegian child welfare services (CWS). We found that social class is important but with different effects compared with the industrial society. Our analysis highlighted the problems children and families involved with CWS face, associated with social inequalities based on class differences. We argue that social class is part of the social dynamic of late modern societies, and that this dynamic intertwines with the lives of families in CWS and the problem complexes they encounter in everyday life.

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Watts, Rob. "Family allowances in Canada and Australia 1940–1945: A comparative critical case study." Journal of Social Policy 16, no. 1 (January 1987): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400015713.

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ABSTRACTWhilst quantitive and ‘positivist’ modes of comparative social policy can reveal significant structural factors involved in the making of welfare states, they too often ignore the role of human agency, intention and political processes. A critical-historical comparative case study of the introduction of ‘child endowment’ and of ‘family allowances’ respectively in Australia (1941) and in Canada (1944) reminds us of the interplay between structural constraints and human agency in the history of welfare states. Detailed analysis suggests that institutionalised arrangements in Australia after 1905 to resolve capital-labour conflict via arbitral and wage fixation mechanisms put the question of the adequacy of wages in meeting family needs and with it proposals for child endowment onto the public agenda as early as 1920. In Canada the absence of such mechanisms, and alternative welfare arrangements to deal with family welfare, combined to keep such proposals off the public agenda. After 1939 the development of ‘war economies’ in Australia and Canada created common contradictions for governments, trying to maintain both industrial peace and anti-inflation policies, which the introduction of family allowances in both countries were attempts to resolve. Consideration is also given to a range of political problems and contexts in both countries which this particular policy measure attempted to deal with.

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Lu, Zeng-Hua, Alec Zuo, and Xibin Zhang. "Child disability, welfare payments, marital status and mothers’ labor supply: Evidence from Australia." Cogent Economics & Finance 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1339769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2017.1339769.

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Fleming, Joe. "‘If we get the mums and kids in, we are doing well’: Father absence in the context of child welfare: A review of the literature." Children Australia 32, no. 3 (2007): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200011627.

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This article looks at the area of father absence in child welfare, which is a growing topic of interest in Australia and elsewhere. Based on the author’s PhD research undertaken so far, the article provides a brief overview of the literature surrounding the area of father absence in child welfare. This literature review is an attempt to highlight current key practice issues that workers and managers may face when delivering services to families.

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Szwarc, Barbara. "Child Welfare and the Disabled — Is the Battle for Justice Really Being Fought?" Children Australia 11, no. 2-3 (1987): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000016726.

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AbstractThis paper is based on the latest findings of the Children's Bureau of Australia recently released study entitled Particular Care Reconsidered by Barbara Szwarc. The Study, being a follow-up to the 1979 Report by N.J. Smith and G. Gregory entitled Particular Care was based on an Australia wide survey conducted in June 1984 on all children living in Non-Government Childrens Homes and Foster Care. Particular concentration in the study has been given to children in disadvantageous positions.Also referred to in this paper is another report by Barbara Swarcz on A Study Into The Victorian Children's Aid Society Respite Care Program During the 1985-86 Holiday Period. This report was based primarily on the perceptions of parents of the children who used the program.Of particular concern in this paper is the amount of undue injustice and inequality that such children and their families suffer just because their children are disabled.

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Hameed, Mohajer Abbass. "Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation in Child Abuse and Neglect Research within the Child Welfare System in Australia." Children Australia 43, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.49.

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Child abuse and neglect is a preventable public health issue, yet a complex global phenomenon with considerable adverse impacts on children, families, health and social services, as well as the Australian community. Despite the widespread adverse impact of child abuse and neglect, the research in this field within Australian child welfare systems is relatively scarce. What is needed is to understand the various challenges, barriers and limitations that face child abuse and neglect researchers and impede methodologically rigorous research within child welfare systems in Australia. This paper provides a brief overview of the key methodological limitations, barriers and challenges, as well as the strengths of the research methods used in studying child abuse and neglect. This paper also explores the potential gains from adopting a national translational research framework. Innovative translation of research and knowledge into effective care system responses and evidence-based practices for children remains a pressing issue. Further advances in Australian research and the evidence base will require substantial investment in research and evaluation activities, with a new emphasis on translational research and active collaboration between researchers and practitioners. Finally, this paper concludes with key recommendations and directions for future Australian-based research with the ultimate goal of improving practices and policies.

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Goddard, Chris. "Somebody's children: Child exports to the colonies." Children Australia 19, no. 1 (1994): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003837.

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White Australia was founded by exporting convicts from Britain. According to Fabian and Loh (1980) until the 1820s, about a quarter of those convicts were aged 18 years or less. While this is now common knowledge, the full scale of child exportation from Britain has only recently come to public attention.The interest that this former child welfare practice has aroused is largely due to the work of a social worker. Margaret Humphreys, who founded the Child Migrant's Trust.

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Churchill, Harriet, and Barbara Fawcett. "Refocusing on Early Intervention and Family Support: A Review of Child Welfare Reforms in New South Wales, Australia." Social Policy and Society 15, no. 2 (March 10, 2016): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746416000038.

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Since 2000, the New South Wales (NSW) Government in Australia has pursued major child welfare reforms. Responding to the ‘crisis in child protection’ and informed by a public health approach, key aims were to prevent child maltreatment and promote child welfare by ‘expanding and enhancing early intervention and family services’. This article critically reviews the aims, approach and main developments in NSW. The article argues that in several respects the reforms extended and enhanced early intervention and family services in cost-effective ways but suffered from implementation problems, limitations in service developments and major reform challenges which inhibited their scope and impacts. These limitations raise critical issues about the reform framework, resource constraints and ideological influences.

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Poulter, Jim. "A birth certificate is not a biological property title: Has an insidiously persistent idea finally reached its use-by date?" Children Australia 32, no. 1 (2007): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200011457.

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Particularly in western societies, the notion that children are biological property has been a strongly implicit idea for many generations. It has therefore also been an idea that has implicitly pervaded our child welfare legislation and practice for generations, despite frequent legal rhetoric about the rights of the child. In this paper, the author traces the negative effects on welfare practice that this notion of children as property has had over the last half century. In doing so, the author calls not only on his professional experience, but also on his personal experience as a foster, adoptive and permanent care parent. Some provisions within the new Victorian child protection legislation are examined to gauge their capacity to address the negative effects on practice of this persistent notion, and reason found for some guarded optimism.

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Ainsworth, Frank. "Family Preservation Services: A cautionary note." Children Australia 18, no. 2 (1993): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200006271.

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The present interest in US style family preservation services is the focus of this article. The article sounds a cautionary note in relation to the development of these services in Australia. It does this by drawing attention to a recent influential evaluation of these services and to the differences between social work and child welfare practices in America and Australia.

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Köngeter, Stefan, Alice Altissimo, Alia Jakoby-Herz, and Wolfgang Schröer. "Child and youth welfare in globalized societies: Migration in child and youth care – a transnational curriculum for social work courses." Transnational Social Review 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2014.997086.

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Marriott, Lisa, and Dalice Sim. "Tax evasion and welfare fraud: do punishments fit the crime or the perception of the crime?" Pacific Accounting Review 29, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 573–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-10-2016-0094.

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Purpose Individuals with fewer resources often receive more punitive treatment in the justice system than those who are more privileged. This situation is frequently justified with reference to societal preferences. To test the accuracy of this justification, the purpose of this study is to report on the extent to which the different treatments of tax evaders and welfare fraudsters in the Australian and New Zealand justice systems reflect the views of these societies. Design/methodology/approach Attitudes are captured in a survey with 3,000 respondents in Australia and New Zealand. Findings When asked directly, the majority of respondents (58 per cent) perceive no difference in people committing welfare fraud or tax evasion. However, responses to presented scenarios on tax evasion and welfare fraud show different tolerances for each crime. When provided with scenarios including crimes and criminals, results show that survey respondents see tax evasion as a less serious crime. However, when asked about their own propensity to commit the same offence, respondents indicate that they are more likely to engage in welfare fraud than tax evasion. The authors also report on factors that have an impact on individual’s attitudes towards tax evasion and welfare fraud. Social implications The survey results do not clearly show more punitive attitudes towards tax evasion or welfare fraud. Thus, the authors do not find support for the suggestion that the harsher treatment of welfare fraud can be justified with reference to society’s views. Originality/value The study reports on original survey research.

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Cunneen, Chris. "Institutional racism and (in)justice: Australia in the 21st century." Decolonization of Criminology and Justice 1, no. 1 (October 22, 2019): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/dcj.v1i1.9.

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This article focusses on systemic and institutionalised racism against Indigenous people as a contemporary feature of the Australian social and penal landscape, and its implications for justice. There has been ongoing concern with institutional racism within the criminal justice system, however, this article concentrates on the intersection between institutional racism in non-criminal justice settings and their compounding effect on criminalization. Despite legal prohibitions on racial discrimination, various forms of institutional racism continue unabated. Indeed, part of the argument is that broader political changes particularly associated with the influence of neoliberalism on social policy have exacerbated the problem of institutional racism and redefined and reinforced the link between welfare and criminalization. Indeed, social welfare has come to be informed by the same values and philosophies as criminal justice: deterrence, surveillance, stigma and graduated sanctions or punishments. How might we understand these broader shifts in the public policy environment, to what extent do they reflect and reproduce institutional racism, and how do they bleed into increased criminalization? I endeavour to answer this question through the consideration of two specific sites of social welfare policy – child protection and social housing – and to consider how systemic and institutional forms of racism play out in daily life for Indigenous people and how they interact with criminal justice.

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Patrick, Ian, and Anne Markiewicz. "Female genital mutilation: Challenges for child welfare in an Australian context." Children Australia 25, no. 1 (2000): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200009561.

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This article addresses the challenges facing the child welfare system in general, and child protection practice in particular, in responding to female genital mutilation (FGM) in an Australian context. Policy and programmatic responses to FGM are analysed to identify how child welfare concerns may be addressed in a culturally sensitive manner. PGM is depicted as a multi-dimensional phenomenon, related to a complex of inter-connected cultural, social, economic, religious, gender and migration issues. An appropriate response is one that acknowledges these antecedents through the utilisation of a holistic, multi-disciplinary approach. Legal and child protection responses to FGM are inadequate if operating in isolation and are most effective as adjuncts to community development strategies that are aimed at education, information dissemination and consciousness raising among affected communities. More work needs to be undertaken to develop frameworks for practitioners in a cross-cultural context, particularly in the light of continued settlement within Australia of migrant and refugee communities from countries with different child-rearing practices and beliefs.

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Hil, Richard, Joanna Penglase, and Gregory Smith. "Closed worlds. Reflections on institutional care and child slavery in Australia." Children Australia 33, no. 1 (2008): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200000067.

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This article deals with various implications arising from evidence of slavery experienced by children placed in orphanages and children's homes between 1910 and 1974. Slavery was an integral part of the day-to-day realities of many of these children who also experienced forms of sexual, physical and emotional abuse in institutions that were supposedly responsible for their care. It is argued that slave labour in care settings contravened various provisions contained in welfare legislation of the period and was used to supplement the incomes of care institutions. The end result was that children were often compelled to work rather than receive the education to which they were entitled, rendering them ill-prepared to deal with various challenges in later life. This largely hidden story of slavery among the ‘Forgotten Australians’ is one of crude exercise of self-serving authority over children – authority aimed at serving the interests of institutions rather than the children they were meant to help.

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Hoy-Gerlach, Janet, Martha Delgado, Heather Sloane, and Phil Arkow. "Rediscovering connections between animal welfare and human welfare: Creating social work internships at a humane society." Journal of Social Work 19, no. 2 (March 2, 2018): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017318760775.

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Summary Within a narrative of how two distinct graduate social work internship placements at a humane society were structured and implemented, we address: (1) historic and contemporary rationales for social work roles in humane society settings, (2) development of social work field placements in a humane society, and (3) specific social work learning opportunities afforded. Findings The first petition for removal of a child due to abuse in the United States occurred in 1874 through efforts of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals director. While child protection services have evolved since then, numerous aspects of human–animal interaction are relevant to social work: social support roles of animals, connections between violence toward animals and violence toward humans, therapeutic benefits of animals, companion animal loss, and compassion fatigue among animal shelter and veterinary staff. Encompassing such HAI aspects, we describe the development of two distinct internship placements at a humane society. One placement entailed a twofold focus on: reduction of staff compassion fatigue and development of an Emotional Support Animal placement program (the Hope and Recovery Pet Program); the other placement focused on aspects of the connection between violence toward animals and violence toward people. Applications Aspects of these social work placements can be modified and replicated in humane societies and related settings. Increased awareness of the potential relevance of human–animal interaction across social work practice settings allows for explicit identification of/response to clients’ human–animal interaction-related strengths and concerns, ultimately supporting the well-being of both humans and animals.

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Elliott, Anne, and Chris-Maree Sultmann. "Principles and processes for child protection decision-making: Queensland’s case management framework." Children Australia 23, no. 4 (1998): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200008828.

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Many welfare authorities have developed detailed systems for the management of their initial response to child abuse reports. But what happens then? Less attention has been given to frameworks for the management of cases subject to on-going statutory intervention. The Queensland framework is unique in Australia – its methodology ensures an on-going client-focused response which integrates ‘bestpractice’ standards, accountability and dynamic planning and review until the child’s needs have been met.

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Gál, Róbert Iván, and Pieter Vanhhuysse. "Pro-elderly welfare states within pro-child societies: Incorporating family cash and time into intergenerational transfers analysis." Working Papers on Population Family and Welfare, no. 26 (August 11, 2016): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21543/wp.2016.26.

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Ban, Paul, and Phillip Swain. "Family Group Conferences, part two: Putting the ‘family’ back into child protection." Children Australia 19, no. 4 (1994): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000417x.

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This is the second of two articles examining the establishment of Family Decision Making in Victoria. The first ‘Family Group Conferences – Part One: Australia's first Project in Child Protection’ was presented in the previous edition of Children Australia. This article builds upon the first by presenting an overview of the evaluation of the Victorian Family Decision Making Project, and pointing to practice and other implications of the development of this Project for child welfare services generally.

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Hayden, Jacqueline. "Caveat Australia? Child Care under a Neo-conservative Agenda: A Canadian Example." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 22, no. 3 (September 1997): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919702200302.

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The recent swing towards a more conservative (Liberal) federal political agenda in Australia parallels similar trends in Canada. A basic tenet of this neo-conservative approach is the reduction of education, health and welfare budgets, along with tax cuts to encourage business and corporate development. Policies are presented within a free market, user pays, corporate framework. Program reductions are justified through an anti professional/reduced government philosophy. This paper analyses the development of the child care system in one province of Canada. The analysis demonstrates that, despite manifold distributions to the child care system, the lack of a constitutional dimension has left the program vulnerable. In the uproar over larger programs, the dismantling of a public system of child care is proceeding quietly and with little protest. Analyses of the activities that predicated this demise present a warning as comparable circumstances arise in Australia.

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Dolan, Patrick, Nevenca Zegarac, and Jelena Arsic. "Family Support as a right of the child." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 21, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v21i2.1417.

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This paper considers Family Support as a fundamental right of the child. It examines the relationship between the well-being of the child as the core concept of contemporary legal and welfare systems and family as a vital institution in society for the protection, development and ensuring the overall well-being of the child. Considering the fact that international legal standards recognise that children’s rights are best met in the family environment, the paper analyses what kind of support is being provided to families by the modern societies in the exercising of children’s rights and with what rhetoric and outcomes. Family Support is also considered as a specific, theoretically grounded and empirically tested practical approach to exercising and protecting the rights of the child. Finally, international legal standards are observed in the context of contemporary theory and practice of Family Support, while the conclusion provides the implications of such an approach.

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Bamblett, Muriel, and Peter Lewis. "Detoxifying the Child and Family Welfare System for Australian Indigenous Peoples: Self-determination, Rights and Culture as the Critical Tools." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069396ar.

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The toxic environment that is colonized Australia has broken many of the traditional circles of care for Indigenous children and created a service system which waits for Indigenous families to become dysfunctional before there is any response. The Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency (VACCA) encourages an approach to Indigenous children and families which is culturally respectful, culturally appropriate and framed according to the need to respect self-determination and human rights. VACCA has developed early childhood and family welfare policies which identify how cultural-strengthening works as a preventative measure to address risk factors for Indigenous children. With the ongoing reforms to Child and Family Welfare arising from the Children, Youth and Families Act, the Victoria State Government in Australia has an historic opportunity to lead the nation in creating an Indigenous-led child and family service system which focuses on issues of prevention and early intervention. The new Act prioritizes cultural and community connection in the best interest principles for Indigenous children, recognizes self-determination and requires generalist children’s welfare services to be culturally competent. The only way to ensure that every Indigenous child is effectively cared for is by developing the capacity of Indigenous communities to look after their own by strengthening Indigenous organizations and agencies. It is Indigenous agencies who are best placed to deliver innovative programs which are culturally embedded and carefully targeted to restore the circles of care for Indigenous kids. Aculturally competent service system is what is needed to ensure better outcomes for Indigenous children.

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Fodor, Eva, Christy Glass, Janette Kawachi, and Livia Popescu. "Family policies and gender in Hungary, Poland, and Romania." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00030-2.

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This paper discusses changes and new directions in the gendered nature of the welfare state in three post-state socialist societies: Hungary, Poland and Romania. Relying on an analysis of laws and regulations passed after 1989 concerning child care, maternity and parental leave, family support, unemployment and labor market policies, retirement and abortion laws, the authors identify the differences and the similarities among the three countries, pointing out not only their status in 2001, but also their trajectory, the dynamics and timing of their change. The authors argue that there are essential differences between the three countries in terms of women’s relationship to the welfare state. They also specify some of the key historical and social variables which might explain variation across countries.

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Henry, Pamela, and Karine Hamilton. "The Inclusion of Children in Family Dispute Resolution in Australia: Balancing Welfare versus Rights Principles." International Journal of Children’s Rights 20, no. 4 (2012): 584–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181812x634832.

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Over the course of the 2000s, Australia has been at the international forefront of implementing child-inclusive services to families undergoing separation (Birnbaum, 2009). Around the world, various policy initiatives and research projects have suggested that the direct participation of children in family separation processes correctly recognises the child’s right to be heard in matters of direct relevance to them. This article reports on the findings of a study which involved the interviewing of children and parents participating in family separation mediation in Australia. The key findings were that for most children their inclusion in the mediation was either unremarkable or beneficial in some important ways, however in a small number of cases involving family violence and/or anger, their inclusion sparked fear in children. We conclude that child inclusive separation processes must recognize the pervasiveness of family violence and balance the right of children to be heard with traditional welfare principles regarding the protection of children.

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Winkworth, Gail. "Putting children's services in their place: A call for universal children's services to prevent child abuse and neglect in Australia." Children Australia 28, no. 1 (2003): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005423.

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This paper discusses the need for a national early childhood intervention policy in Australia, including a universal approach to children's services as a platform for the prevention of child abuse and neglect, supporting families and enriching the lives of all children.It considers the literature on early intervention, including the theoretical and research base of successful programs and the link between early intervention and the prevention of child abuse and neglect. It examines the way the child welfare and children's services sectors have grown and the imperative at the beginning of the 21st century for a closer alignment of services.The United Kingdom's ‘Sure Start’ early intervention strategy is considered in so far as it attempts to develop a more comprehensive approach to child welfare by developing programs which are based on the research. Finally the paper asserts that recent strategies introduced by Federal and State Governments to promote childhood health and wellbeing are positive first steps, but need to go further to seriously address increasing numbers of children reported as suffering harm through abuse and/or neglect.

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Bath, Howard. "Out-of-home care in Australia: A State by State comparison." Children Australia 19, no. 4 (1994): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004168.

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All Australian statutory child welfare agencies collect and report data on children under their supervision, but it is not always clear from this data how many children are actually placed in out-of-home care. This paper reports on a survey of the eight state and territory statutory agencies which focused on comparative placement rates, the usage of the two major types of out-of-home care, and placement patterns for Aboriginal/TSI children. Comparisons are drawn with the USA and a number of European countries.

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Parton and Mathews. "New Directions in child protection and family support in Western Australia: a policy initiative to re-focus child welfare practice." Child & Family Social Work 6, no. 2 (May 2001): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2001.00186.x.

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Parton and Mathews. "New Directions in child protection and family support in Western Australia: a policy initiative to re-focus child welfare practice." Child Family Social Work 6, no. 2 (May 2001): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2206.2001.00186.x.

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Drury-Hudson, Julie. "Maintaining links: Resource demands and social work attitudes in respect to parent–child access in a statutory child welfare agency." Children Australia 20, no. 1 (1995): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004338.

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This paper investigates the demands on social work resources in the north east region of the Department For Family and Community Services in South Australia, and examines the attitudes of workers to the question of access. Twenty three social workers, working predominantly in Child and Family Teams, were interviewed. A two part questionnaire was devised. The initial data covered information relating to the frequency, duration and supervision of access visits. The second part of the questionnaire used a semi-structured, open-ended format in order to explore social workers' knowledge and values in respect to access. The results of these interviews are presented and the implications for policy and practice in relation to statutory social work are discussed.

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Sinha, Vandna, Johanna Caldwell, Leah Paul, and Paulo Roberto Fumaneri. "A Review of Literature on the Involvement of Children from Indigenous Communities in Anglo Child Welfare Systems: 1973-2018." International Indigenous Policy Journal 12, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2021.12.1.10818.

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A series of recent legal and policy developments in Canada have potential to contribute to reconciliation efforts, particularly related to the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in child welfare systems. However, systematic collection, analysis, and synthesis of research knowledge—particularly, research that is locally grounded—on Indigenous child welfare involvement is notably missing from these efforts. With the aim of collating existing research knowledge on this topic, this scoping review of literature includes a broad swath of literature spanning decades (1973-2018) and countries with similar settler colonial histories (Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand). Our search yielded 881 unique research publications. There was an increase in the number of publications over time in all four countries and a trend toward more empirical literature than non-empirical literature. We found that a plurality of publications focused on programs and services (n = 191), and policy or legal (n = 168) themes. While our review highlights a large base of literature on Indigenous child welfare involvement, it also illustrates the limits of the academic literature in representing the knowledge and experience of Indigenous Peoples and the need for more comprehensive synthesis and broader dissemination of the research related to Indigenous child welfare. These limitations restrict the extent to which existing research can inform the meaningful development of Indigenous child welfare policy in Canada. Due to these gaps, we advocate sustained investment in efforts to synthesize diverse sources of knowledge, support for open source publications, and structural support for Indigenous control of knowledge collection and dissemination regarding policy development related to their communities.

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Barry, Monica, and Dag Leonardsen. "Inequality and Punitivism in Late Modern Societies: Scandinavian Exceptionalism Revisited." European Journal of Probation 4, no. 2 (August 2012): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/206622031200400204.

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In The Culture of Control, Garland (2001) suggests that whilst not inevitable, it is likely that late modern societies will experience increased punitivism. Certain critics have questioned to what extent Scandinavian countries should be included in that assumption, given their unique welfare systems and public/media reactions to crime, and this article comments on one in particular — Green (2008), in a comparison of child murder by children in England and Norway. We argue that punitivism is indeed increasing in Norway along the lines already identified in Anglo-American countries, albeit at the slower rate acknowledged by Green. However, the relevant benchmark for testing Garland's thesis is not only to compare between countries but also to look for changes within countries. We argue that there is a link between late modernity and increasing punitivism in Norway, that the main cause of the comparative ‘uniqueness’ of Norway is its low rates of inequality and that ‘cultural’ explanations, though relevant, are secondary.

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Bala, Nicholas, and Rachel Birnbaum. "Rethinking the Role of Lawyers for Children : Child Representation in Canadian Family Relationship Cases." Les Cahiers de droit 59, no. 4 (January 9, 2019): 787–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1055256ar.

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This article examines various methods for involving children in family and child welfare proceedings, surveys varying approaches in different Canadian jurisdictions to the appointment of counsel for children in these cases, and explores the controversies about the role of counsel for children. While child representation is becoming common, in most provinces it is usually limited to welfare proceedings involving older children. All jurisdictions, however, have some provisions to allow for child participation in family relationship cases. Governments and law societies in Canada should develop more coherent and comprehensive programs and policies to ensure that the views of children are considered in the family justice process in a child-focused and cost-efficient manner. There needs to be more recognition of the role of lawyers in facilitating settlement. Appointment of counsel is, however, not always the best way to involve children ; if the child is willing to share views, in some cases this may be better done by a judicial interview, a Views of the Child Report or an assessment. There should be a presumption that counsel will be an instructional advocate, but if a child lacks the capacity or willingness to instruct counsel, counsel should be an advocate for the rights and interests of the child. Regardless of the role adopted, counsel for a child also has responsibility for introducing significant evidence not otherwise before the court.

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Ching-Li, Hu. "International Conference on Child Day-Care Health: Opening Remarks." Pediatrics 94, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.6.987.

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It is important to recall the definition of health embodied in the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) over 45 years ago: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic, or social condition." Among the Organization's mandated functions is "to promote maternal and child health and welfare and to foster the ability to live harmoniously in a changing total environment." The challenge of that task is no less today than it was then. Historically, societies have evolved various patterns of family structure for social and economic functions. In preindustrial societies there evolved a great concordance between these functions, with many of the health, developmental, and socialization functions taking place first within the family and then within the immediate community. The rapid social changes of both the industrial and information revolutions have changed drastically the functions of the family, and have shifted many of the health, developmental, and social functions to nonfamily institutions, from which families are often excluded or marginally involved. Much of the international attention to child health in this last decade has been directed at simple interventions to prevent the nearly 13 million deaths each year of children under 5: universal child immunization; the control of diarrheal and acute respiratory diseases; and infant and young child nutrition, particularly breast-feeding.

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Smirnova, Tatiana. "Children's Welfare in Soviet Russia: Society and the State, 1917-1930s." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 36, no. 2 (2009): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/107512609x12460110596905.

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AbstractThe Bolsheviks did not alienate citizens from helping find solutions to the problems afflicting children. Many social actions deemed as "useful" by the Soviet authorities were met with support by the regime. These included the "Week of the Homeless Child", school self-taxation, local societies of the "Friend of the Children", and others. Establishing its control over "useful" public ventures, the Government eventually absorbed them. On the surface, the proliferation of public ventures in the area of children's welfare, such as patronage by industrial enterprises, labor unions and other groups and the growth of various advisory boards and children's inspections, appeared to be a result of growing social initiative. In reality the government's support of public work led to de facto state and party control. In order to carry out successful public initiatives, the population had to adapt to the particulars of Bolshevik rule.

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Mathews, Ben, Leah Bromfield, and Kerryann Walsh. "Comparing Reports of Child Sexual and Physical Abuse Using Child Welfare Agency Data in Two Jurisdictions with Different Mandatory Reporting Laws." Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050075.

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Empirical analysis has found that mandatory reporting legislation has positive effects on case identification of child sexual abuse both initially and over the long term. However, there is little analysis of the initial and ongoing impact on child protection systems of the rate of reports that are made if a reporting duty for child sexual abuse is introduced, especially when compared with rates of reports for other kinds of child maltreatment. This research analysed government administrative data at the unique child level over a seven-year period to examine trends in reports of child sexual abuse, compared with child physical abuse, in two Australian states having different socio-legal dimensions. Data mining generated descriptive statistics and rates per 100,000 children involved in reports per annum, and time trend sequences in the seven-year period. The first state, Western Australia, introduced the legislative reporting duty in the middle of the seven-year period, and only for sexual abuse. The second state, Victoria, had possessed mandatory reporting duties for both sexual and physical abuse for over a decade. Our analysis identified substantial intra-state increases in the reporting of child sexual abuse attributable to the introduction of a new legislative reporting duty, and heightened public awareness resulting from major social events. Victoria experienced nearly three times as many reports of physical abuse as Western Australia. The relative burden on the child protection system was most clearly different in Victoria, where reports of physical abuse were relatively stable and two and a half times higher than for sexual abuse. Rates of children in reports, even at their single year peak, indicate sustainable levels of reporting for child welfare agencies. Substantial proportions of reports were made by both legislatively mandated reporters, and non-mandated community members, suggesting that government agencies would benefit from engaging with communities and professions to enhance a desirable reporting practice.

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Lobo, Michele. "Re-framing the creative city: Fragile friendships and affective art spaces in Darwin, Australia." Urban Studies 55, no. 3 (January 25, 2017): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016686510.

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Australia has one of the most urbanised and diverse populations in the world, but there is little research that explores fleeting friendships between marginalised/racialised ethnic minority and indigenous populations. In contrast to metropolitan cities in white settler societies that have been the focus of much research, this paper focuses on the small, tropical city of Darwin in Northern Australia. This is a city that is at the centre of public debates on indigenous wellbeing, migrant integration and asylum seeker policies, with social welfare programmes that provide little opportunities for hopeful encounters among indigenous peoples and ethnic minority newcomers in surface spaces. I argue, however, that ‘grass root’ forms of creativity in an ‘underground’ car park bring their affective worlds together through a shared passion for art. The paper draws on gentle methodologies including participatory visual methods to privilege non-Western ways of inhabiting place. Through a ‘quiet politics’ and affective engagement with spacetimes both proximate and distant, the paper shows that it is possible to invoke different futures and crystallise experimental publics in the diverse city. The paper responds to a call to push the boundaries of urban research on social difference through geographies of friendship that are yet to engage with multisensory bodies, emotion, affect and art.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Child welfare Australia Societies'

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