Academic literature on the topic 'Child weight management'
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Journal articles on the topic "Child weight management"
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El-Mubasher, Abeer, and Jennette L. Palcic. "Children and Families: Partners for Child Weight Management." Obesity Management 4, no. 3 (June 2008): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/obe.2008.0170.
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Pratt, Keeley J., Emily B. Hill, Haley M. Kiser, Catherine E. VanFossen, Ashlea Braun, Chris A. Taylor, and Colleen Spees. "Changes in Parent and Child Skin Carotenoids, Weight, and Dietary Behaviors over Parental Weight Management." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072227.
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(1) The objective was to determine changes in parent–child (ages 7–18) dyad skin carotenoids spanning parental participation in a medical weight management program (WMP), and associations with parent BMI, child BMIz, fruit/vegetable intake, and family meals and patterns. (2) The study design was a longitudinal dyadic observational study with assessment at WMP initiation, mid-point (3-months), and conclusion (6-months). Twenty-three dyads initiated the study, 16 provided assessments at 3 months, and 11 at program conclusion. Associations between parent and child carotenoids (dependent variables) and parent BMI, child BMIz, increases in fruit/vegetable intake, and family meals and patterns were analyzed using Pearson’s correlations and independent samples t-tests. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed changes in weight status and carotenoids. (3) Parents experienced significant declines in BMI and skin carotenoid levels over 6 months. Parent and child carotenoids were correlated at each assessment. At initiation, parent BMI and carotenoids were inversely correlated, child carotenoids were associated with increased family meals, and never consuming an evening fast food or restaurant meal were associated with increased parent and child carotenoids. (4) Results demonstrate skin carotenoids are strongly correlated within dyads and may be associated with lower parental BMI and positive family meal practices.
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Leary, Janie M., Christa L. Ice, William A. Neal, and Lesley Cottrell. "Parent and child weight status predict weight-related behavior change." Journal of Communication in Healthcare 6, no. 2 (July 2013): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1753807612y.0000000021.
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Williams, G. M. G., Maria Bredow, John Barton, Rebekah Pryce, and J. P. H. Shield. "Can foster care ever be justified for weight management?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, no. 3 (November 13, 2013): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-304654.
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Article nine of the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child states that ‘Children must not be separated from their parents unless it is in the best interests of the child.’ We describe the impact that placing a child into care can have on long-standing and intractable obesity when this is a component of a child safeguarding strategy. Significant weight loss was documented in a male adolescent following his placement into foster care due to emotional harm and neglect within his birth family. The child's body mass index (BMI) dropped from a peak of 45.6 to 35 over 18 months. We provide brief details of two further similar cases and outcomes. Childhood obesity is often not the sole concern during safeguarding proceedings. Removal from an ‘obesogenic’ home environment should be considered if failure by the parents/carers to address the obesity is a major cause for concern. It is essential that all other avenues have been explored before removing a child from his birth family. However, in certain circumstances we feel it may be justified.
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Odar Stough, Cathleen, Katrina Poppert Cordts, Meredith L. Dreyer Gillette, Kelsey Borner, Kelsey Dean, Sarah Hampl, James Peugh, and Ann M. Davis. "Caregiver hope and child outcomes following pediatric weight management programs." Children's Health Care 47, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02739615.2017.1327357.
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Daniels, Stephen R. "Abnormal weight gain and weight management: Are carbohydrates the enemy?" Journal of Pediatrics 142, no. 3 (March 2003): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2003.114.
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Goldschmidt, A. B., R. I. Stein, B. E. Saelens, K. R. Theim, L. H. Epstein, and D. E. Wilfley. "Importance of Early Weight Change in a Pediatric Weight Management Trial." PEDIATRICS 128, no. 1 (June 20, 2011): e33-e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-2814.
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Upton, P., C. E. Taylor, D. M. Peters, R. Erol, and D. Upton. "The effectiveness of local child weight management programmes: an audit study." Child: Care, Health and Development 39, no. 1 (April 20, 2012): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01378.x.
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Kitscha, Catherine E., Kim Brunet, Anna Farmer, and Diana R. Mager. "Reasons for Non-Return to A Pediatric Weight Management Program." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 70, no. 2 (July 2009): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/70.2.2009.89.
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Purpose: Obesity in childhood has become a major public health concern because of increasing rates of overweight and obesity. To address this epidemic, effective dietetic interventions must be developed. We examined parent/caregiver and/or patient reasons for not returning for follow-up clinical care in the Alberta Health Services, Edmonton Area's Nutrition Services Pediatric Weight Management Program (NS PWMP) in Edmonton, Alberta. Methods: A qualitative telephone survey was developed to identify reasons for non-return to the NS PWMP. Face validity was evaluated by five pediatric registered dietitians (RDs). Results: The survey was administered to parents/caregivers of children or adolescents aged 2.5 to 14.2 years (n=21) who attended fewer than two appointments in the NS PWMP. The major reasons for non-return included physical barriers (scheduling, parking, location), organizational barriers (clinic environment), and program educational content (type of educational tools, the focus of lifestyle education on the individual rather than the family, physical activity interventions, and appropriateness of information for the parent or child). Conclusions: Development and delivery of effective dietetic interventions for children and adolescents at risk of overweight and obesity may be achieved by emphasizing skill building within the child and the family. Analysis of child and family feedback on clinical RD services is critical to optimization of care in a pediatric weight management program.
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Gorman, Kim. "Children’s Hospitals’ Weight Management Services." Childhood Obesity 7, no. 2 (April 2011): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/chi.2011.07.02.1013.webwatch.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Child weight management"
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Perry, Rebecca Anne, and rebecca perry1@gmail com. "Family management of overweight in 5-9 year old children: results from a multi-site randomised controlled trial." Flinders University. Medicine, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20100526.093139.
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Childhood overweight is a leading global public health issue. Chapter One of this thesis is a three part literature review of the evidence concerning the issue of childhood overweight and its management. Section One of the literature review describes this issue in terms of Australian and international prevalence rates and trends, health outcomes and aetiology. Sections Two and Three of the literature review examine the evidence to guide effective management of childhood overweight and analyse the thoroughness by which this evidence has been determined and translated into practice recommendations.
The assumed cornerstones of child weight management are dietary change, increased physical activity, decreased sedentary behaviour, family support and behaviour modification. Recently, the role of parenting skills in the management of childhood overweight has been identified as a promising area of research. This thesis study examined the effect of the addition of parenting skills training to a parent-led, family-focussed healthy lifestyle intervention for the management of overweight in 5-9 year old children (The Parenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH) Study). The methodology of the intervention is presented in Chapter Two.
Families of overweight 5-9 year old children across two sites (three cohorts per site) were randomized to either a healthy lifestyle group program (HL) or a healthy lifestyle plus parenting group program (HL+P). Parents in both groups received eight 1.5hour group education sessions covering topics on child/family nutrition, physical activity and positive body image. Parents in the HL+P group were offered a four week parenting skills training program prior to this. All information was directed to parents and they were responsible for initiating and maintaining healthy lifestyle changes with their families. The intervention was delivered over a six month period and group differences were examined at this time point (intervention effect) and six months following with no further program contact (maintenance effect). The sample size (n=169) was calculated to demonstrate an estimated reduction in BMI z-score of 30% in the HL+P group and 10% in the HL group over 12 months, allowing for a drop out rate of one third (power=80%, significance=95%). Intention to treat analysis was conducted using ANCOVA.
The effectiveness of the intervention was measured against a comprehensive evaluation plan consisting of:
primary outcome indicators (body mass index (BMI) z-score and waist circumference (WC) z-score) (Chapter Three),
secondary outcome indicators (health-related quality of life (HRQoL), body size dissatisfaction and height z-score) (Chapter Three),
impact evaluation indicators (childrens lifestyle behaviours and parents parenting practices) (Chapter Four),
process evaluation indicators (participant attendance and satisfaction and maintenance of program integrity across sites) (Chapter Four) and
qualitative evaluation of the factors external to the intervention that supported or inhibited families to achieve their healthy lifestyle goals (Chapter Five).
Analysis of the primary outcomes (Chapter Three) found a significant group difference at the six month time point for BMI z-score (HL: -8%, HL+P: -13%, p=0.005), but not WC z-score (HL: -9%, HL+P: -11%, p=0.39). There were no group differences at the 12 month time point (six months following intervention end and with no further program contact). Application of the IOTF definition for childhood overweight and obesity to the full study sample found that 39 (23%) and 130 (77%) children were classified as overweight and obese respectively at baseline. By the six month time point (n=135), six (4%) children fell within the healthy weight range and 38% were classified as overweight and 58% as obese. At 12 months (n=123), 4% of children remained in the healthy weight range, 35% as overweight and 61% as obese. Childrens psychosocial health and linear growth were sustained during the intervention and maintenance periods.
There were no between-group difference observed for any of the childrens lifestyle behaviours (dietary and activity behaviours) or parents parenting practices. However, the group as a whole exhibited significant improvements from baseline for scores of diet quality at the six month time point that were maintained during the following six month non-contact period (p<0.001 for 0-6mth and 0-12mth) (Chapter Four). Small screen usage significantly decreased for the full sample from 0-6 months and 0-12months (p<0.001 for both), however time spent being physically active did not change. Parents in both groups reported improvements in aspects of parenting over both time periods.
Evaluation of process indicators showed that the intervention was well attended and accepted by families (Chapter Four). Seventy three percent (123) of subjects were retained to the 12 month time point and 44% (75) attended at least 75% of scheduled program sessions. Of the 131 parents who responded to a program satisfaction questionnaire, ninety four percent reported receiving the help they desired and 99% would recommend the program to others. The integrity of intervention sessions was upheld across sites providing reassurance that the program protocol was adhered to and demonstrating a good degree of generalisability.
The thematic analysis of interviews conducted with parents at the 12month time point identified more references to barriers than facilitators of healthy lifestyle goal achievement (433 vs 375) (Chapter Five). This chapter highlights the contextual nature of family-based interventions and weight management strategies and the need to consider these during program planning and delivery.
Chapter Six concludes the thesis by summarising its results and highlighting how they have contributed to the evidence base. Study strengths and limitations are described and implications of the findings on practice and future research are presented.
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Darling, Katherine E. "Development of a Measure to Assess Parent Perceptions of Barriers to Healthy Child Weight Management." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1459500365.
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Beauchemin, Antoine T. "How Parents Experience Their Child's Excess Weight: Implications for Weight Management Programs and Mental Health Practitioners." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1248961211.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 31, 2010). Advisor: Jason McGlothlin. Keywords: Childhood; obesity; overweight; weight management; parenting; mental health Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-178).
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Golley, Rebecca Kirsty, and rebecca golley@gmail com. "FAMILY-FOCUSED MANAGEMENT OF OVERWEIGHT IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL." Flinders University. Medicine, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061018.021848.
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Over a quarter of children and two thirds of adults in Australia are overweight, with these estimates reflecting global trends. The literature review in Chapter 1 highlights that treatment of childhood overweight is an important part of the public health approach required to address the obesity epidemic. Energy moderation, behaviour modification and family support are the cornerstones of treatment of childhood overweight. However the evidence to guide best practice is limited, with a call being made for well designed studies to inform age-appropriate effective, long term child weight management. Studies are needed in a range of populations and to assess a range of health outcomes. This thesis tested the hypothesis that, pre-pubertal children whose parents participate in a parent-led, family-focused child weight management intervention comprising parent skills training and intensive lifestyle education will have adiposity, metabolic profiles and indicators of physical and psychosocial functioning after 12 months that are a) improved compared to children wait listed for intervention and b) no different to children whose parents participate in parenting skills training alone (without intensive lifestyle education).
Methods of the randomised controlled trial undertaken with 111 overweight, pre-pubertal 6-9 year olds to test this hypothesis are detailed in Chapter 2. Parents were defined as the agents of change, responsible for attending intervention sessions and implementing family-focused lifestyle change to support child weight management. Two interventions, both utilising parenting skills training, but differing in the presence or absence of intensive lifestyle eduction were compared to a group waitlisted for intervention with a brief pamphlet. Program effectiveness was defined in terms of adiposity together with broader health and evaluation outcomes.
Chapter 3 describes the study population, their flow through the study, the primary outcome BMI z score and waist circumference z score. With parenting plus intensive lifestyle education there was a 10% reduction in BMI z score over 12 months. However this was not statistically different to the 5% reduction observed with parenting alone or intervention waitlisting. There was a significant reduction in waist circumference between baseline and 12 months with parenting alone and parenting plus lifestyle education, but not waitlisting. There was a group, time and gender interaction, with boys receiving intervention having greater reductions in adiposity. In determining intervention effectiveness, growth, metabolic profile and psychosocial outcomes are presented in Chapter 4. While there were limited improvements in metabolic profile and body dissatisfaction, significant improvements were observed in parent-perceived HR-QOL relating to psychosocial and family functioning. Improvements were confined to the intervention groups, parenting plus lifestyle education more than parenting alone. Chapter 5 presents the study process and impact evaluation. Parents were satisfied with the program and reported that it provided the type of help they wanted. Personal, rather than program factors such as work and family commitments limited intervention attendance to 60%. Child health behaviours and parental weight status show positive change in all groups, but favour intervention. Chapter 6 highlights key findings, study strengths/limitations and areas for further research. In conclusion, a parent-led family-focused intervention utilising parenting skills training and healthy family lifestyle is a promising intervention for young overweight children.
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Dalton, William T., Karen E. Schetzina, Matthew T. McBee, Laura Maphis, Hazel Fulton-Robinson, Ai-Leng Ho, Fred Tudiver, and Tiejian Wu. "Parent Report of Child's Health-Related Quality of Life after a Primary-Care-Based Weight Management Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5111.
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Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been recognized as an important target and health outcome in obesity research. The current study aimed to examine HRQoL in overweight or obese children after a 10-week primary-care–based weight management program, Parent-Led Activity and Nutrition for Healthy Living, in southern Appalachia.
Methods: Sixty-seven children (ages 5–12 years) and their caregivers were recruited from four primary care clinics, two of which were randomized to receive the intervention. Caregivers in the intervention groups received two brief motivational interviewing visits and four group sessions led by providers as well as four phone follow-ups with research staff. Caregivers completed the PedsQL and demographic questionnaires at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months postintervention. Child height and weight were collected to determine standardized BMI.
Results: Caregivers of children receiving the weight control intervention reported no statistically significant improvements in child total HRQoL, as compared to the control group, across the course of treatment (β=0.178; 95% confidence interval, −0.681, 1.037; p=0.687). Additionally, no statistically significant improvements were found across other HRQoL domains.
Conclusions: Future studies examining HRQoL outcomes in primary care may consider treatment dose as well as methodological factors, such as utilization of multiple informants and different measures, when designing studies and interpreting outcomes.
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Gallagher, Dunla. "The Healthy Eating and Lifestyle in Pregnancy cluster randomised controlled trial : a 24 months postpartum follow-up study : an evaluation of the effect of a weight management intervention for maternal obesity, on maternal and child outcomes at 24 months following birth." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/119679/.
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Background: Obesity in pregnancy, and excessive gestational weight gain, are associated with short and long-term adverse health outcomes for mothers and their offspring, including childhood obesity. The Healthy Eating and Lifestyle in Pregnancy (HELP) cluster randomised controlled trial compared the effectiveness of a group-based weight management intervention, delivered during pregnancy and postpartum, with National Health Service routine maternity care. In total, 598 pregnant women, aged 18 years and over, with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2, and between 12 and 20 weeks gestation, were recruited across 20 study centres in England and Wales, United Kingdom. The aim of the HELP trial was to improve health outcomes in these women with obesity. The present study followed up these women and their children at 24 months postpartum and aimed to assess longer-term maternal and child outcomes. It also aimed to explore the experiences of these women. Methods: A sequential mixed methods approach was used. The first, quantitative phase, examined the effectiveness of the HELP intervention on primary outcomes, maternal BMI and child BMI-for-age z-scores, and secondary outcomes, including weight, diet, and physical activity behaviours of mothers and children. Outcomes were analysed using multilevel linear, logistic and ordinal regression models. The second, qualitative phase, used telephone interviews to explore women's experiences. Thematic analysis was used to organise and interpret the interview data. Findings from the two approaches were triangulated for discussion. Results: The 24 months postpartum follow-up included 241 women and children, across 19 clusters. The analyses found no evidence of between groups differences in the primary outcomes, maternal BMI at 24 months postpartum (adjusted percentage difference: -0.01, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.02; ICC < 0.001; p= 0.664) and child BMI-for-age z-scores (adjusted difference in means: 0.24, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.64; ICC < 0.001; p=0.250), or the secondary outcomes. Subsequently, 18 of these women completed a telephone interview. Maternal attitudes towards their own and their child's weight and health behaviours, before, during and after pregnancy, were described in three themes: 1) pregnancy specific attitudes and behaviours; 2) wider weight control attitudes and experiences; and, 3) maternal perceptions and influences on children's weight, diet and activity. Discussion: The HELP intervention did not improve outcomes for women and their children at 24 months postpartum. Women have a strong desire to be healthy for their unborn babies during pregnancy. Non-judgmental support may help them adopt healthier behaviours to achieve short-term goals. However, more support would be needed to help women achieve better long-term outcomes. Women's lived experiences of obesity are complex, and it is important to incorporate their beliefs and motivations into interventions. Rather than viewing pregnancy as a short window of opportunity for initiating behaviour change, it should be used as a unique motivator which could give women a purpose for change over a longer term. Exploring options for intervening in the preconception period to address attitudes and weight loss before pregnancy, supporting women during pregnancy to be healthy for their babies, and building on this postpartum to help women shift their goals to weight loss, self-regulation of weight management, being a positive role model for their children and health-promoting feeding practices; may be more effective for improving maternal and child outcomes.
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Noorzada, Omarwalid. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Association with Childhood Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study of the U.S. National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH), 2011-2012." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/477.
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ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Studies on the topic of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and childhood obesity collectively indicate an association, but there is a lack of replication in nationally representative sample of children aged 10-17 years. This study aims to expand on the definition of ACEs to include: socio-economic hardship, racial discrimination, witness or victim of neighborhood violence, and bereavement, and to examine their individual and joint association with BMI levels, especially childhood obesity (primary outcome).
METHODS: The 2011-2012 National of Children’s Health (NSCH) was used for this study (N=45,309). One child interview weight was produced; hence, the estimates are generalized to all non-institutionalized children 10-17 years of age in the US and each state. Statistical methods used included descriptive statistics and multivariable multinomial logistic regression models.
ACEs examined included: (1) Socioeconomic hardship, (2) Parental divorce or separation, (3) Bereavement, (4) Incarcerated family member, (5) Witness to domestic violence, (6) Victim/witness of neighborhood violence, (7) Household mental illness, (8) Household substance abuse, (9) Racial discrimination.
BMI for the same sex and age (10-17 years) percentile relative measurement, using growth charts recommended by CDC, among children and teens were used as indicators of BMI. BMI-95th percentile or greater was considered obese.
RESULTS: The prevalence of childhood obesity and ACE exposure was higher for boys compared to girls. Controlling for gender, among those who were obese, White-non-Hispanic children had the highest prevalence of obesity compared to other races for both genders. Southern States constituted 80% and 60 % of top 10 states with the highest prevalence of childhood obesity and ACE, respectively.
Approximately 25.4 million (89.5%) children aged 10-17 years had experienced 3 or less ACE. The most prevalent ACE category of nine asked about for child was-living with parents who were either divorced or separated after his/her birth (26.77%) and the least prevalent was living with a parent who died (4.84 %). ACEs were not mutually exclusive, and all nine categories of ACEs were interrelated.
The adjusted odds ratio of covariates to their reference groups that were only statistically significant for childhood obesity relative to healthy weight encompassed: a) Place of residence in metropolitan statistical area, b) two or more chronic health conditions of 18 asked about, c) Watching TV, videos, or playing video games across categories >1 to≥4 hours, d) family members in the household eat a meal together 7 days of the week, e) and computer, cell phone or electronic device use ≤1 hour.
Moreover, the explanatory variables, namely, age, sex, the physical health status of parents, and physical activity, were strongly related to childhood obesity (associated both with higher odds and lower odds of outcome) compared to overweight and underweight BMI categories.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to explore the co-occurrence, individual and joint association of ACEs with childhood obesity using nationally representative sample of children aged10-17 years in the U.S. Having childhood obesity, BMI-95th percentile or above was strongly related to ACE dichotomy, ACE score ≥2 and two ACE types (socioeconomic hardship and bereavement) than the probability of overweight, BMI-85th to 94th percentile. Underweight-BMI less than 5th percentile had only statistically significant association with socioeconomic hardship ACE category. Sociodemographic, parental, and childhood related factors were also independently associated with childhood obesity.
Books on the topic "Child weight management"
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Ellen, Shield Jo, and American Dietetic Association, eds. ADA pocket guide to pediatric weight management. Chicago: American Dietetic Association, 2010.
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Mullen, Mary Catherine. ADA pocket guide to pediatric weight management. Chicago: American Dietetic Association, 2010.
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Mullen, Mary Catherine. ADA pocket guide to pediatric weight management. [Chicago]: American Dietetic Association, 2010.
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Public Health Social Work Institute (1988 University of California, Berkeley). Improving birth outcomes through public health social work and case management. Berkeley, Calif: Maternal and Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1989.
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Curtis, Glade B. Your pregnancy quick guide: Nutrition and weight management : what you need to know about eating right and staying fit during your pregnancy. Cambridge, MA: De Capo Life Long, 2004.
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Michigan. Office of the Auditor General. Audit report: Performance audit of the Michigan State Disbursement Unit, Office of Child Support, Department of Human Services. [Lansing, MI]: State of Michigan, Office of the Auditor General, 2007.
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General, Michigan Office of the Auditor. Audit report: Performance audit of the Child Support Enforcement System, Family Independence Agency : January 1, 1985 through April 30, 1996. [Lansing] (201 N. Washington Square, Lansing 48913): The Office, 1996.
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General, Michigan Office of the Auditor. Audit report: Performance audit of the Statewide Child Support Program, Department of Social Services, January 1, 1991 through September 30, 1994. [Lansing] (201 N. Washington Square, Lansing 48913): The Office, 1995.
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Michigan. Office of the Auditor General. Audit report: Department of Management and Budget, financial and compliance audit, including the provisions of the Single Audit Act, October 1, 1984 through September 30, 1986. [Lansing, Mich.] (333 S. Capitol Ave., Suite A, Lansing 48913): State of Michigan, Office of the Auditor General, 1988.
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Michigan. Office of the Auditor General. Audit report: Corporation and Securities Bureau, Department of Commerce, December 1, 1985 through October 31, 1989. [Lansing, Mich.]: The Office, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Child weight management"
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Mendes, Matthew, and Taylor McCormick. "Pediatric Resuscitation." In Pediatric Emergencies, 67–74. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190073879.003.0008.
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Respiratory failure is the most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in children. Early recognition of the critically ill child and aggressive management of respiratory failure and shock are crucial to preventing cardiopulmonary arrest. Although caring for a sick child can be highly stressful for emergency physicians, pediatric resuscitation largely mirrors that of adults, with special consideration of a few key anatomic and physiologic differences. It is important to have a systematic approach to patient assessment, medication dosing, and equipment sizing in order to cognitively offload the emergency provider. The following will help maximize performance in these high-stakes situations: the Pediatric Assessment Triangle combined with the familiar airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure approach; an age-, weight-, or length-based medication/equipment system; and routine application of Pediatric Advanced Life Support algorithms.
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Gupta, Pawan. "Paediatric Emergencies." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Emergency Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199599530.003.0024.
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It is normal in the early days of one’s medical career to feel apprehensive on seeing a seriously ill child in the resuscitation room. The effect is compounded by the fact that children of different age groups have different normal clinical parameters and require different drug dosages, volumes of fluids to be transfused, equipment of variable sizes, etc. To deal with the situation safely, various formulae have been developed to calculate the approximate weight of the child, size of the endotracheal tube, etc. The BNF for Children should be consulted when there is time to address it; otherwise, use the standard chart of common drug dosages according to the child’s body weight, which is freely available in almost every ED in the UK. It should cover most of your concerns when seeing and treating the acutely sick child. Children compensate well with any underlying serious illness, but there are some subtle symptoms and signs they will usually have in such circumstances. If these are missed, and appropriate management is not given or delayed, a child can suddenly decompensate and go into cardiorespiratory arrest unlike adults, who show gradual deterioration before an arrest. The success rate of return of spontaneous circulation from this situation is poor in children in comparison with adults. Therefore, for clinicians treating children, it is highly rewarding to identify those subtle symptoms and signs and institute the required treatment early on to avoid a catastrophe or a poorer outcome. There are high-quality videos available at the website www.spottingthesickchild.com for junior doctors on how to diagnose a sick child. ‘Be gentle with the young’ (Juvenal, Roman poet) is a well-known saying. Yet, for various socioeconomic or personal reasons, children sometimes become victims of adults trying to find an outlet for their anger. The ED is the place where such children are then brought to, with complaints that may raise suspicion of abuse. It is our primary duty to safeguard vulnerable young children and provide them the opportunity and support they require to grow up like every other child. A few questions in this chapter aim to stimulate the thinking of the reader in this area.
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Crighton, A., and J. G. Meechan. "Oral medicine and oral surgery in children." In Paediatric Dentistry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789277.003.0024.
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Children experience a variety of oral medicine and oral surgical problems, of which some last into adulthood and some resolve with or without intervention by the dentist or doctor. Even where the same pathology is found in both adults and children the approach to management and the issues of delivering dental care may be very different in each group. This chapter reviews conditions of the orofacial region, oral soft tissues, and bone that are frequently found in children or require a particular approach to their management in a paediatric population. The examination of the child starts as soon as the dentist and the child meet. Observations about a child’s weight, height, and development for his/her age, the attachment to the parent or siblings, and even the clothing worn by the child can be important. Apart from being a good starter to a conversation, the child’s new clothes or shoes can suggest a period of growth. Facial and perioral observation is best completed when seeing the child initially, as first impressions of swelling or asymmetry can be investigated later during the standard clinical examination. Although the history will elicit the findings needed to diagnose dental as well as non-dental conditions, the information needed for non-dental conditions and the impact that these conditions have on the child need particular exploration. When at all possible the child should be the source of the information—usually supported by the views of a parent—but it is important to have the child as the focus for initial information gathering. Be careful not to interpret the language used too literally—not every ‘ulcer’ turns out to be such, and always ask ‘What do you mean by …’ if the child or parent uses a word with a particular meaning to the dentist. Many ulcers subsequently turn out to be ‘sore bits’ with questioning—let the child use language with which they are comfortable. Always ask the child for permission before starting an extra- or intraoral examination of the soft tissues and explain what is going to happen.
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Allegaert, Karel, Sinno H. P. Simons, and Dick Tibboel. "Principles of clinical pharmacology applied to analgesics in children." In Oxford Textbook of Pediatric Pain, edited by Bonnie J. Stevens, Gareth Hathway, and William T. Zempsky, 441–48. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198818762.003.0042.
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Analgesic dosing regimens should take into account the severity and type of pain, the therapeutic window of the drug, and also the age or developmental state of the child. Translation of these concepts to safe and effective pharmacological management of pain in neonates, infants, and children necessitates a thorough understanding of the principles of clinical pharmacology of analgesics in children. Growth, weight or size, and maturation or age evolve in children and profoundly affect the pharmacokinetics (concentration–time profile, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and pharmacodynamics (concentration–effect profile, objective assessment) of drugs, and this is also the case for analgesics. This will result in extensive variability in dosing and effects throughout childhood, and this variability is most prominent in infancy. In addition to maturational changes, there are also nonmaturational aspects (preterm neonates and critical illness, obesity, pharmacogenetics) that should be considered to further improve dosing in every individual child.
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Chan, Mei-Yoke, and Kevin Weingarten. "Haematological symptoms." In Oxford Textbook of Palliative Care for Children, edited by Richard Hain, Ann Goldman, Adam Rapoport, and Michelle Meiring, 296–303. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198821311.003.0027.
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The management of symptomatic anaemia, minor bleeding, and other rarer haematological symptoms in the palliative phase illustrates very well the challenging decisions that face professionals who are working with dying children. On the one hand, modern medical interventions have the capacity to relieve some of the symptoms that haematological abnormalities can cause. On the other hand, the interventions themselves carry morbidity and can cause not only symptoms related to physical reactions, but also often emotional and psychological issues related to otherwise avoidable hospital attendance. The ethical issues involved in subjecting a child—whose voice is often unheard—to treatments just because they are available should also be carefully considered. The best clinical decision can only be made by considering the needs of the individual child and their family, giving appropriate weight to the risks and potential benefits of giving an intervention, both physical and otherwise, and the risks and potential benefits of withholding it. In this respect, management of haematological symptoms is typical of thoughtful and skilled childhood palliative care in general.
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Fisher, Simon. "Paediatric surgery." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199696420.003.0020.
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Understanding that children are not small adults, and that they come in different sizes and stages of development, is fundamental to paediatric surgery. Knowledge of a child’s weight is crucial when considering fluid and medication administration. Moreover, babies have immature physiology and less functional reserve compared to older children. Understanding basic embryology will unravel some of the mysteries of developmental pathology encountered by the paediatric surgeon, such as oesophageal atresia, malrotation of the gut, annular pancreas, and maldescent of the testis. The paediatric surgeon deals with some of the same surgical conditions that affect adults, but even management of a common condition such as inguinal hernia, has different therapeutic implications in children and adults. Paediatric surgery demands gentle tissue handling and delicate technique. Good communication skills are a prerequisite for dealing with the distraught or ill child and anxious parents, and the surgeon often retains a clinical interest in his or her patient, well into young adulthood. This chapter will test your knowledge of principles of surgical management of sick children and your understanding of presentations of some of the more commonplace conditions encountered by surgeons in this demanding, yet rewarding, discipline.
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Huang, Han-Chen, Cheng-I. Hou, I.-Ying Chang, Su-Ling Wu, and Tsai-Li Chen. "Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Examine a Travel Destination for a Parent-Child Trip." In Destination Management and Marketing, 292–309. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2469-5.ch017.
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This article aims to determine married women's decision criteria for choosing a travel destination for a parent-child trip and find the relative weights of these decision criteria. A literature review was conducted to construct a preliminary structure of decision criteria for choosing a travel destination. Furthermore, two rounds of Delphi questionnaire surveys involving seven experts in the tourism industry were conducted through email correspondence. A analytic hierarchy process questionnaire survey was carried out upon the structure of decision criteria for choosing a travel destination. This survey found that the 18 key decision criteria for choosing a travel destination for a parent-child trip could be categorized into the following four categories: psychological needs, recreational resources, human and cultural elements, and travel costs. Based on the research results, this article proposes implications on planning a parent-child trip and suggestions for future research as a reference for relevant authorities and future researchers.
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Lazar, Alina. "Epidural Anesthesia." In Pediatric Anesthesia Procedures, edited by Anna Clebone and Barbara K. Burian, 157–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685188.003.0011.
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During epidural anesthesia, local anesthetics and adjuvants are administered into the epidural space by a single-shot, intermittent, or continuous technique. Epidural analgesia is used for open thoracic surgery, major intra-abdominal surgery with extensive surgical dissection, major lower extremity surgery, and long-term pain management. Epidural anesthesia is contraindicated in pediatric patients with uncorrected coagulopathy, hemophilia, liver disease causing coagulopathy, skin infection at the insertion site, bacteremia/sepsis, or lack of parental consent. Anesthesiologists should be familiar with the current American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine guidelines regarding anticoagulation and bleeding disorders in the setting of neuraxial anesthesia before performing epidural anesthesia. In infants, the tip of the conus medullaris and dural sac are located lower in the spinal column than in adults. Additionally, because the epidural space contains less fat and fibrous tissue than in adults, in infants it is easier to insert an epidural catheter at a lower level and then to thread it up to a higher level. In infants younger than 6 months, the vertebral column remains cartilaginous, and epidural catheters can be visualized with ultrasonography. In infants, for the initial placement of the needle, there is a more subtle “give” as the ligamentum flavum is pierced than in adult patients. As a general rule, the depth of the epidural space is 1 mm/kg of body weight (e.g., the depth of the epidural space in a 10-kg child would be 10 mm). However, because wide variation exists in the depth of the epidural space, a test for loss of resistance is performed as soon as the epidural needle has entered the supraspinous ligament.
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Hart, Richard H., and Justin D. Derner. "Cattle Grazing on the Shortgrass Steppe." In Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0021.
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Cattle are the primary grazers on the shortgrass steppe. For example, during the late 1990s, 21 shortgrass counties in Colorado reported about 2.36 million cattle compared with 283,000 sheep (National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA, 1997a), 60,000 pronghorn antelope, and a few thousand bison (Hart, 1994). Assuming one bison or five to six sheep or pronghorn consume as much forage as one bovine (Heady and Child, 1994), cattle provide about 97% of the large-herbivore grazing pressure in this region. The ratio of cattle to other grazers is even greater in the remainder of the shortgrass steppe. In 1997, the three panhandle counties of Oklahoma reported 387,000 cattle and only 1300 sheep, whereas the 38 panhandle counties of Texas reported 4.24 million cattle and 14,000 sheep (National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA, 1997b,c). How ever, only a bout half the cattle in the panhandle counties of Texas and Oklahoma graze on rangeland the remainer are in feedlots. Rangeland research on the shortgrass steppe (Table 17.1 describes the parameters of the major research stations in the shortgrass steppe) has included a long history of both basic ecology and grazing management. The responses of rangeland plant communities to herbivory are addressed by Milchunas et al. (chapter 16, this volume) and to disturbance are discussed by Peters et al. (chapter 6, this volume). Here we focus on research pertaining to three management practices important to cattle ranching on shortgrass steppe: stocking rates, grazing systems, and extending the grazing season via complementary pastures and use of pastures dominated by Atriplex canescens [Pursh] Nutt (fourwing saltbush). Stocking rate, de. ned as the number of animals per unit area for a speci. ed time period, is the primary and most easily controlled variable in the management of cattle grazing. Cattle weight gain responses to stocking rate or grazing pressure (animal days per unit of forage produced) have been quanti. ed in several grazing studies on the shortgrass steppe (Bement, 1969, 1974; Hart and Ashby, 1998; Klipple and Costello, 1960). Average daily gains per animal are better estimated as a function of grazing pressure, rather than stocking rate, as forage production is highly variable in this semiarid environment (Lauenroth and Sala, 1992; Milchunas et al., 1994).
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"Management of labour." In Tasks for Part 3 MRCOG Clinical Assessment, edited by Sambit Mukhopadhyay and Medha Sule. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198757122.003.0016.
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This task assesses the following clinical skills: … ● Patient safety ● Communication with patients and their relatives ● Information gathering ● Applied clinical knowledge … You are a ST5 doctor in the antenatal clinic. You are asked to see Lucy Rogers who is a 32- year- old lady in her second pregnancy. She is currently 21 weeks pregnant with a normal detailed ultrasound scan of her baby. She is booked under consultant care having had shoulder dystocia (SD) with her first child Molly two years ago. You have had a chance to review the previous delivery records. Mrs Rogers had an uneventful pregnancy and normal labour. The baby’s head delivered normally but then had a shoulder dystocia which required McRoberts manoeuvre and suprapubic pressure for delivery of the anterior shoulder. Molly weighed 3.5 kilogrammes with Apgar scores of seven and ten at one and ten minutes. The head to body delivery interval was three minutes. She is developing normally with appropriate milestones. Mrs Rogers is very apprehensive about having another shoulder dystocia as it was very traumatic experience. She is seeking reassurance but also quite disappointed that this was not predicted and a proper explanation was not provided at the time. You have 10 minutes for this task (+ 2mins initial reading time). Please read instruction to candidate and role player After initial consultation about the previous pregnancy and SD, tell the candidate that Mrs Rogers is keen to avoid a caesarean section and wants to go ahead with a vaginal delivery. Ask the candidate to explain the options of mode of delivery to Mrs Rogers along with pros and cons. What can be done to prevent this and what is the course of action if it happens again? Can you provide reassurance? You are Lucy Rogers, 32- year- old mother of two- year- old Molly. You had a straightforward pregnancy with Molly and a normal delivery which was unfortunately complicated by shoulder dystocia (difficulty in delivery of the baby’s shoulders after delivery of the head). Although, Molly is doing absolutely fine and growing normally, you are extremely worried about having another shoulder dystocia (SD). It was all very traumatic experience for you and your husband Nick. You are also disappointed and slightly annoyed that this was not predicted and no proper explanation was provided at that time.
Conference papers on the topic "Child weight management"
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Mallya, M., and U. Niranjan. "G517(P) Paediatric weight management service in the district general hospital – is it a tier-3 service?" In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.548.
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Jenkins, Jon, Tony Gaffka, and Steve Withers. "Transactive-20 Container for Transporting Large Volumes of Intermediate Level Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4751.
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AEA Technology has commissioned the Transactive-20 container to transport large quantities of intermediate level waste (ILW). The container was designed and built by RWE NUKEM and has the appearance of a standard ISO freight container approximately 6m long × 2.4m wide × 2.6m high (20’ × 8’ × 8’ 6”). Inside it is a tubular stainless steel pressure vessel, 5.5m long × 1.9m diameter, that enables great flexibility in the payload type, for example: • up to thirty standard 227 litre (55 US gallon) drums of contact-handled ILW (CHILW); • up to five 500 litre drums of CHILW; • multiple packages of remote-handled ILW (RHILW). A variety of other desings of internal furniture can be developed to accommodate inner containers to meet specific customer requirements such as pallets of bulk items, glovebox waste or drums of radioactive liquid. The maximum gross payload is 6.5 tonnes, which is equivalent in practice to about 4 tonnes of CHILW. The maximum laden weight is 26 tonnes. The package is approved to IAEA Type B (U) F standards for transporting up to 3kg of fissile material. This paper describes the design and operation of Transactive-20 and our experience of transporting plutonium-contaminated material (PCM) between UKAEA’s Winfrith and Harwell sites. The loading system enables the container to remain on the transport vehicle during the whole of the load/transport/unload/transport cycle between the sites and therefore minimises turnaround time. For the operation described here, UKAEA lifts six standard 227litre drums into a circular aluminium container, known as a ‘carousel’, which is then closed and turned automatically through 90° for loading into Transactive’s inner vessel. Five such carousels are loaded in this way and locked firmly in place, before bolting on the lid and leak testing the vessel. A hydraulically-driven outer door is then closed and fastened to make the package ready for transport. Unloading is a straightforward reverse sequence of the loading operation. This paper describes in detail the design of the Transactive-20 and our operational experience with PCM and other fissile CHILW outlined above. It also outlines our plans to use the container for remote-handled ILW (RHILW). For example, a carousel has been constructed to move spent 60Co or 137Cs sources from medical, educational or industrial irradiators to a centralised long-term storage facility.