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Journal articles on the topic 'Child sexual abuse'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Berkowitz, Carol D. "Child Sexual Abuse." Pediatrics In Review 13, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.13.12.443.

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Child sexual abuse has been recognized with increasing frequency since the early 1980s, a trend attributable to a number of factors. Increased public awareness has led to programs, particularly in schools, facilitating disclosure by children about abuse. Likewise, parents are more likely now than previously to believe allegations children make about being abused by trusted extrafamilial friends and advisors. Additionally, the medical community is more knowledgeable about both the behaviors that may indicate abuse and the possible physical changes in the anogenital area of sexually abused children. Definition Child sexual abuse is the involvement of children and adolescents in sexual activity that they do not understand and to which they cannot give consent by virtue of their developmental level. There is chronological and developmental asymmetry between the individuals, and the activity is for the sexual gratification of the older individual. Incest involves sexual activities between individuals in whom such activity is prohibited by virtue of societal taboos. These restrictions involve individuals related by blood or by marriage. Sometimes physical abuse may result in injuries in the genital area. Such injuries are not sexual in intent. Epidemiology More than 2 million cases of child abuse are reported annually. Approximately 40% of these cases involve sexual abuse.

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2

ARCHIVIST. "When is child sexual abuse not child sexual abuse?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 79, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.79.1.43.

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3

Udayakumara, A. R. P. C., and H. K. S. Niranjana. "A Criminological Study on Family Environmental Factors Affecting Child Sexual Abuse in Sri Lanka." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 07, no. 02 (July 1, 2022): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v07i02.08.

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Child sexual abuse is a serious crime prohibited by Sri Lankan criminal law, which is discussed under child abuse. There are various factors that contribute to the sexual abuse of children. This research has conducted a criminological study of the family environmental factors affecting child sexual abuse in Sri Lanka. The research was conducted in the Kalutara and Colombo districts of the Western Province and 228 sexually abused children were used as the main sample in 2015-2020. Two separate samples were also used for officers on duty with regard to parents and children from the victims. The data obtained from the research have been extensively analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. 87% of victims of sexual abuse are girls. The majority of 42% represent the 15-17 category. 47% of the majority are victims of corruption. The boyfriend (42%) is responsible for most of the abuse. 33% of victims have been sexually abused in their own home and 32% in the home of the abuser. Family vulnerabilities such as family economic difficulties, parental ignorance, extramarital affairs, single parent family, parental separation, family disputes, parental emigration, paternal and drug abuse, various physical and mental disorders of the parents, family moral decline, and breakdown of parent-child cooperation And various problems of children, problems in the social environment can be identified as factors contributing to sexual abuse. A child faces many problems when he or she is sexually abused. This physical, mental and social impact is detrimental not only to the child affected but also to his family, society and the country as a whole. It can be pointed out that an integrated approach is more effective in controlling and preventing child sexual abuse.

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4

Tembo, Zowe, Dabbie Nabuzoka, and Paul Ravi. "Socio- Psychological factors associated with child sexual abuse: A study of Lusaka Central Prison Child sexual abuse convicts." University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.4.4.396.

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Objectives and Study Design: with the view of examining the socio-psychological factors associated with child sexual abuse among child sexual abuse convicts, a study was conducted in Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia at Lusaka Central Prison also commonly known as Chimbokaila prison between January 2015 - July 2017. The scientific objectives of this study were to identify the background characteristics of convicts who are in jail for child sexual offenses; to establish the psychological factors associated with child sexual abuse among convicts; to explore the social correlates associated with child sexual abuse among convicts; to explore the social correlates associated with child sexual abuse among convicts and to establish the relationship between experiences of convicts in prison and behavioural intensions with regards to child sexual re-offending. 30 male child sexual abuse convicts were assessed for personality disorders and were interviewed to realize some of the social factors that may be associated with child sexual abuse. Results: Results of the DSMI IV criteria checklist showed that 24 respondents did not have a personality disorder while 6 respondents had a personality disorder. From the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory 4 (MMPI- IV) showed that 10 participants had a personality disorder, while 20 participants did not have a personality disorder. Results obtained from social correlates associated with child sexual abuse were: misleading physical appearances and substance misuse. With regards to marital status, there was no statistical relationship between child sexual abuse and marital status. It was also found that there is no statistical relationship between child sexual abuse and alcohol consumption. It was also found that the respondents who took alcohol before imprisonment were more than those that did not. Most child sexual perpetrators were not sexually abused as children, those who were sexually abused as children were very few Percent and frequency distribution of respondents by age group was; age group 25-30 recorded 3 the highest frequency of 36.7%, followed by age group of 20-25 with 23.3%. Percent and frequency distribution of the respondents by marital status; of the total respondents 40 percent (n=12) were single and 46.7 percent (n=14) were married, divorced participants and others had an equal share of percentage at 6.7 percent (n=2). Conclusions: Put together the results suggest that the majority of participants did not have a personality disorder, in regards to Psychological factors that may be associated with child sexual abuse. Whereas a lot of common themes (most participants abused alcohol before imprisonment, were physically abused and not sexually abused in their childhood) were realized for social factors that may be associated with child sexual abuse, However for background characteristics it was found that most child sexual abusers were within their mid-twenties and most of them were single with a primary level of education as the highest level of education obtained by most participants.

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5

Alahakoon, D. T. D. "Child Sexual Abuse." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 4 (April 6, 2019): p8812. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.04.2019.p8812.

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6

Berkowitz, Carol D. "Child Sexual Abuse." Pediatrics in Review 13, no. 12 (December 1992): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.13-12-443.

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7

Hymel, K. P., and C. Jenny. "Child Sexual Abuse." Pediatrics in Review 17, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.17-7-236.

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8

Chiesa, Antonia, and Edward Goldson. "Child Sexual Abuse." Pediatrics in Review 38, no. 3 (March 2017): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2016-0113.

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9

Hymel, Kent P., and Carole Jenny. "Child Sexual Abuse." Pediatrics In Review 17, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.17.7.236.

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Multiple obstacles can hinder the medical evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse in pediatric primary care. The need for diagnostic accuracy is high. Knowledge of sexual abuse risk factors, an understanding of the victimization process, and awareness of the varied clinical presentations of sexual abuse can be of assistance. Open-ended questioning of the suspected victim is the most critical component of the evaluation. Skillful medical interviewing requires time, training, patience, and practice. Pediatricians lacking any of these four requirements should defer interviewing in sexual abuse cases to other professionals. Abnormal physical findings from sexual abuse are uncommon. Colposcopy has assisted pediatricians greatly in reaching consensus regarding diagnostic physical findings. Cases of acute sexual assault require familiarity with the forensic rape examination, STD screening and prophylaxis, and pregnancy prevention. Victimization from sexual abuse continues long after the abusive acts end, often requiring long-term therapeutic intervention. An emerging standard of care for medical evaluations of suspected child sexual abuse recognizes the requirement for patience and compassion while retaining objectivity. The pediatrician's primary concern must be for the child's physical and emotional well-being.

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10

Muram, David. "CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE." Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 19, no. 1 (March 1992): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8545(21)00509-x.

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11

Searight, H. Russell. "Child Sexual Abuse." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 1, no. 2 (January 9, 1998): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j146v01n02_12.

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12

Gurry, Desmond L. "Child sexual abuse." Medical Journal of Australia 154, no. 1 (January 1991): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb112836.x.

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13

Jones-Wright, Julie, Beverly Gomes-Schwartz, Jonathon M. Horowitz, and Albert P. Cardarelli. "Child Sexual Abuse." Family Relations 41, no. 1 (January 1992): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/585404.

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14

Elvik, Sandra L., Carol D. Berkowitz, and Cynthia Smith Greenberg. "Child Sexual Abuse." Nurse Practitioner 11, no. 1 (January 1986): 22???26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-198601000-00004.

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15

Goldman, Jacquelin. "Child Sexual Abuse." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 35, no. 6 (June 1990): 613–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/028741.

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16

Goodwin, Jean. "Child sexual abuse." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 10, no. 6 (November 1997): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199711000-00003.

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17

Muram, David. "Child sexual abuse." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 6 (December 1993): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-199312000-00012.

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18

Crane, Sarah. "Child sexual abuse." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 6 (December 1994): 531???535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-199412000-00011.

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19

Reading, Richard. "Child sexual abuse." Child: Care, Health and Development 30, no. 6 (November 2004): 729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00483_2.x.

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20

Romans, Sarah, Heidi Douglass, and Judy Martin. "Child sexual abuse." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 7, no. 4 (August 1995): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008480-199508000-00011.

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21

Robertson, B. A. "CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE." Southern African Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 1, no. 2 (January 1989): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16826108.1989.9631438.

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22

LINDBLAD, F., M. CELSING, M. ERIXON, E. LUNDBÄCK, B. RYDH, and F. STÅHL. "Child Sexual Abuse." Acta Paediatrica 79, no. 1 (January 1990): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11337.x.

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23

LINDBLAD, F. "Child Sexual Abuse." Acta Paediatrica 79, no. 1 (January 1990): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11338.x.

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24

Bodegård, Göran, and Frank Lindblad. "Child Sexual Abuse." Acta Paediatrica 79, no. 10 (October 1990): 957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11358.x.

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25

Cattaneo, Cristina, Marina Ruspa, Tiziano Motta, Andrea Gentilomo, and Chiara Scagnelli. "Child Sexual Abuse." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 28, no. 2 (June 2007): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.paf.0000257394.41719.c9.

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26

Tylden, Elizabeth, N. V. Freeman, C. M. Ridley, R. Sunderland, and H. B. Kean. "CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE." Lancet 330, no. 8566 (October 1987): 1017–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92573-6.

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27

Bamford, F. N., E. S. Kiff, B. L. Priestley, R. J. Heald, J. K. H. Wales, L. S. Taitz, George Russell, C. J. Bignell, G. Ratnavelu, and Eileen Vizard. "CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE." Lancet 330, no. 8572 (December 1987): 1396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91285-2.

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28

Whitla, Mardie. "Child sexual abuse." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 1 (November 1991): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100002338.

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Sexual abuse of children is not an uncommon crime. It has received widespread media coverage over the last four years, resulting in a heightened public awareness of the problem. Yet to many, the sexual abuse of children remains a taboo subject. Guidance officers, school counsellors and teachers play particularly important roles as part of a community's response to child sexual abuse. In this paper, some of the literature regarding difficulties in defining child sexual abuse and the subsequent problems in assessing the prevalence and extent of child sexual abuse is examined. Additional problems involved in the recognition and reporting of child sexual abuse are discussed and the reasons why many professionals are reluctant to report suspected cases to statutory authorities are explored. The school psychologist plays a key role in intervention, and some of the options available are proposed. Finally, the importance of appropriate training for the psychologist is highlighted.

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29

Brady, Adare. "Child Sexual Abuse." Physiotherapy 86, no. 2 (February 2000): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61218-7.

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30

Johnson, Charles Felzen. "Child sexual abuse." Lancet 364, no. 9432 (July 2004): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16771-8.

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31

Murray, Laura K., Amanda Nguyen, and Judith A. Cohen. "Child Sexual Abuse." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 23, no. 2 (April 2014): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.003.

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32

Modelli, Manoel E. S., Malthus Fonseca Galvão, and Riccardo Pratesi. "Child sexual abuse." Forensic Science International 217, no. 1-3 (April 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.08.006.

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33

Herrera, Michael, and Karen T. Carey. "Child Sexual Abuse." School Psychology International 14, no. 1 (February 1993): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034393141005.

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34

Hartman, Carol R., and Ann Wolbert Burgess. "Child Sexual Abuse." Journal of Psychotherapy & The Family 2, no. 2 (June 13, 1986): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j287v02n02_08.

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35

Mullen, P. "Child sexual abuse." BMJ 303, no. 6802 (September 7, 1991): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.303.6802.583.

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36

Vizard, E., O. Hanmer, and M. Meyer. "Child sexual abuse." BMJ 299, no. 6700 (September 9, 1989): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.299.6700.681-a.

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37

Eke, F. "Child sexual abuse." BMJ 299, no. 6701 (September 16, 1989): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.299.6701.742.

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38

Spink, Christine, and Norman Tutt. "Child sexual abuse." Practice 3, no. 3-4 (September 1989): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503158908416958.

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39

Kishore, Jugal. "Child Sexual Abuse during COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Preventive, Curative & Community Medicine 06, no. 01 (September 29, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.325x.202005.

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Prevalence of child sexual abuse during epidemic and disaster is common. There are evidences that children are victims of sexual exploitation during the lockdown period. They undergo multiple physical and mental injuries which could last lifelong. In presence of law, the child sexual abuse will not stop till the society is sensitive enough for the child emotional and physical health need. Responsibility of care lies not only on parents but also on everybody because they are the asset of nation. Mass awareness program along with behaviour change communication could be better solution during the Covid-19 pandemic.

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40

Priya, Madhu. "Astrology: Realistic Tool against Child Sexual Abuse." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 1516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24215182547.

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41

Aswadi, Aswadi, Suriah Suriah, Stang Stang, Nurhaedar Jafar, Erniwati Ibrahim, Ridwan Amiruddin, and Sukfitrianty Syahrir. "Edutainment as A Strategy of Child Sexual Abuse Prevention: Literatur Review." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, F (March 3, 2022): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7670.

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BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse is the most serious public health problem in all cultures and societies that will have an impact in the future on a lost generation. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates that around 120 million girls under 20 y.o. have been sexually abused. AIM: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of preventing sexual abuse in children by using an edutainment approach. METHODS: This study used an online journal database that provided free articles and journals in PDF such as Proquest, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Elsevier, and Scinapse. Literature was collected from the past 10 years, 2010–2020, using the following keywords: Edutainment, Child Sexual Abuse, Child Sexual Abuse Prevention, and Child Sexual Abuse Education Program. RESULTS: This study examining the effectiveness of edutainment in preventing child sexual abuse showed that edutainment in preventing child sexual abuse through children's play had succeeded in increasing awareness about sexual abuse in children and parents, as well as improving children's self-protection skills to recognize potential situations of abuse and resist inappropriate touch requests. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention model with edutainment approach effective for the prevention of child sexual abuse

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42

Sumon, Md Syedur Rahaman, Zamilur Rahman, Md Belayet Hossain Khan, and Sohel Mahmud. "Forensic Study of Child Abuse in Bangladesh." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS, TRAUMA & VICTIMOLOGY 6, no. 02 (December 25, 2020): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18099/ijetv.v6i02.5.

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Introduction:The future reflection of nation child has some common problem like under-nutrition, infections, as well as abuse or maltreatment is equally important. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that worldwide, approximately 20% of women and 5–10% of men report being sexually abused in childhood? In Bangladesh, a large number of children are exposed to severe forms of sexual, physical and mental abuses at home, in the work place, in institutions and other public places. Methods and Results: A total of 96 children below 18 years above 5 years were included in this research. All the statements made by semi structured interviews and physical examination. About 6% child reported they are referred as idiot and called them foul name being considering them emotionally abused child. 34% child considering physically abused (by burn 34% and by beating 55%). 60% child considering sexually abused. Among them depending on the type of sexual abuse 12% reported someone trying to touch or kissing or even touched their private body parts, 27% reported someone trying to show naked or dirty pictures to them by using mobile, 61% reported that someone put or forced his private organ inside their mouth (11%), anus (32%) or vagina (57%). Conclusion: Child abuse is a global problem. Not in the world but also in Bangladesh. So Bangladesh government should give special attention to safety of child. To prevent child abuse in social life like children on the street, children at work, and children in institutional is a punishable act as per the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act in our parliament.

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43

Mutaka, Maryn, and Mwiya I. Imasiku. "Risk Factors and Child Sexual Abuse among High School Pupils in Lusaka District, Zambia." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.361.

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Child sexual abuse is a universal problem that affects both boys and girls. In Zambia, like many other African countries, there are certain conditions and circumstances that put children at risk of sexual abuse. However, these risk factors remain explored (Chiroro et al., 2006). This study, therefore, was aimed at investigating risk factors and exploring child sexual abuse in Lusaka District. Specifically, it focused on identifying the forms of sexual abuse; examine the factors that put children at risk for sexual abuse; find out the grooming tactics used by sexual abusers; find out the disclosure rate for child sexual abuse cases; examine the abuser-victim relationships; and make recommendations for child sexual abuse prevention. Participants were 200 secondary school pupils (86 males and 114 females), who were randomly selected. Their ages ranged from sixteen to twenty-one years. Data was collected using a structured selfreport questionnaire and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show an overall prevalence rate of child sexual abuse to be 43.5 per cent (n=87). Of the 87 victims, 41.1 per cent (n=36) were males and 58.6 per cent (n=51) were females. Among the forms of sexual abuse, sexual touch/arousal had the highest frequency (n=54, 62.1%). Most of the subjects (75.6%, n=19) did not disclose their sexual experiences, whereas only 24.4 per cent (n=19) did. Most abusers were found to be family members (n=39, 44%). Six risk factors for sexual abuse were examined, and the most powerful one was parental absence (n=63, 73.3%); having punitive parents (n=57, 68.7%); alcohol intake by a parent or other guardian (n=30, 34.5%); poor parent-child relationship (n=20, 23.7%); parental conflict (n=19, 22.4%); and presence of a stepparent (n=13, 13.1%). Furthermore, the results obtained from the FGDs show that the most frequently used trick for sexual abuse is the offer of money and/other gifts (n=21, 67.8%). Fifty-six (69%) of the victims lacked knowledge to know that the grooming they experienced would result into sexual abuse. The study tested two hypotheses: (a) alcohol intake by the parent or guardian is not a significant risk factor for child sexual abuse; (b) in Lusaka District, children and adolescents that are sexually abused have adequate knowledge of the grooming tactics used by abusers. The results showed that: (a) there is a significant relationship (p=0.004) between child sexual abuse and parental or guardian intake of alcohol; (b) there is a significant relationship (p=0.000) between child sexual abuse and children’s lack of knowledge of the grooming tactics used by sexual abusers. Recommendations made include: (a) teacher training in the area of child sexual abuse; (b) encouragement of research culture among Zambian scholars in the area of child sexual abuse; and (c) active involvement of children, parents, teachers and the government in the prevention of child sexual abuse.

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44

Kamukama, Aloysious, Rachel Luwaga, Rodrick Tugume, Margaret Kanyemibwa, Betrace Birungi, Obed Ndyamuhika, Diana Ampire, Timothy Nduhukire, and Deborah Lowell Shindell. "Exploring parental understanding of child sexual abuse and prevention as a measure for HIV prevention in Rwampara district." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): e0269786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269786.

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Background Worldwide, more than 95 million children are sexually abused each year with children in sub-Saharan Africa experiencing sexual assault at higher rates than those in more developed areas. In Uganda, 20% of young people indicated that their sexual debut was non-consensual. The risk for transmission of HIV to children through Child Sexual Abuse is high because of greater mucosal tissue damage and the often repetitive nature of abuse. This contributes significantly to the burden of HIV in Uganda. Despite these risks, studies have shown gaps in active parental involvement in child sexual abuse prevention despite their being the primary protectors of children. Against this background we sought to explore parental understanding of childhood sexual abuse and prevention as a measure for HIV prevention in Rwampara District, South Western Uganda. Methods A phenomenological study was carried out in four health centers that serve the communities of Rwampara district. A total of 25 (n = 25) parents or guardians of children aged 9–14 years were purposively selected to participate in the study. The participants were subjected to in-depth semi-structured interviews which were recorded, transcribed, and translated for thematic analysis. Results Parents’ understanding of child sexual abuse was limited to penetrative sex between a man and a child. Three of the parents interviewed reported to have had children who had been sexually abused while one of the parents had been abused when she was young. The children reported to have been abused were female and were between 3-14years. We also identified gaps in the sensitization of parents regarding home-based prevention of child sexual abuse and psychological support for the victims of abuse. Conclusion Our study shows that child sexual abuse exists in rural western Uganda. There remains a significant gap in the awareness of parents regarding the extent of sexual abuse, signs of sexual abuse, case handling, and psychological support for victims of sexual abuse. This significantly affects the capacity of parents as the primary protectors of children to identify and protect the children against the multiple forms of child sexual abuse.

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45

Parillo, Kathleen M., Robert C. Freeman, and Paul Young. "Association Between Child Sexual Abuse and Sexual Revictimization in Adulthood Among Women Sex Partners of Injection Drug Users." Violence and Victims 18, no. 4 (August 2003): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.4.473.

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Community-recruited women (n = 1490) were interviewed about their early and adult sexual victimization histories to determine whether there was an association between child sexual abuse and adult revictimization by sex partners and strangers/nonsex partners. Adolescent sexual abuse, lifetime sex-trading, drug treatment, and mental health treatment were examined as mediating variables. One-fourth of the women had been revictimized (i.e., experienced child sexual abuse and at least one instance of adult sexual victimization). Child sexual abuse was associated with both rape and other sexual victimization by a sex partner in adulthood, as well as adult rape by a stranger/nonsex partner. Drug and mental health treatments reduced abused women’s chances of being raped by a sex partner; drug treatment also decreased the likelihood of other sexual victimization by a sex partner. Sex-trading increased abused women’s likelihood of rape by a stranger or nonsex partner. Intervention—including drug treatment—can help women with child sexual abuse histories overcome some of the abuse-related sequelae that make them vulnerable to adult revictimization.

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46

Nugent, Mary, Alan Labram, and Lynne McLoughlin. "The effects of child sexual abuse on school life." Educational and Child Psychology 15, no. 4 (1998): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.1998.15.4.68.

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Child sexual abuse has received considerable professional and research attention, but review of the literature highlights a gap in professional knowledge about the educational needs of young people who have been sexually abused. Therefore, this research attempted to answer the question, ‘What are the effects of child sexual abuse on schooling?’. The research method was semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 people, including a selection of professionals, volunteers and survivors of sexual abuse who the researcher considered to have knowledge and experience of the effects of child sexual abuse. Results indicated that the experience of child sexual abuse had significant effects on school life particularly in the areas of social development, behaviour, learning, bullying and truancy. The paper concludes with some suggestions for developing educational psychology practice in response to the educational needs of children and young people who have been sexually abused.*

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Bentovim, Arnon. "The Diagnosis of Child Sexual Abuse." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 11, no. 9 (September 1987): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0140078900017818.

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Kempe, in an address to the International Association for Child Abuse and Neglect in 1979, drew the professional communities' attention to ‘the serious plight of sexually abused children’. He described this as the final stage in the communities' recognition of patterns of child abuse. This cycle had commenced with his recognition of ‘The Battered Child Syndrome’ in the early 60s.

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De Silva, T. H. A. S., K. A. P. Siddhisena, and M. Vidanapathirana. "The Types and Determinants of Child Abuse in Sri Lanka." Asian Review of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2022.11.1.3077.

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This study examines types and determinants of child abuse in Sri Lanka. Further, the study provides the demographic and social characteristics of victims who are aged below 18 years as well as their family background in Sri Lanka. There is an increasing trend of different types of child abuses globally as well as nationally. In Sri Lankan context, child sexual abuse reveals study mainly based on the secondary data and the main source of data was the National Child Protection Authority of Sri Lanka. Sample size includes all the complaints on child abuse from 2015-2020 to the NCPA Sri Lanka. The analysis of determinants of child abuse in Sri Lanka reveals as to who are the most vulnerable group for child abuse in Sri Lanka and what are the associated factors to be a child victim. Reporting child abuses have highly determined with the school vacation period and seasonal variation has affected by Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Migration of parents has a negative impact on a child victim for abuse. Especially, the family background is a primarily determined factor to be a child victim. The nearest relatives to the family have been the major abuser of the children. Types of child abuse have analyzed based on the Penal Code and other child right related acts and regulations in Sri Lanka. Majority of the child abuses reported are related with the Penal Code and its amendments. Child right violation is at the highest level and the trend has shown a slightly declining pattern of child abuse but, still the number of abuses is at a higher level. However, the awareness programmes should be improved from school level and the knowledge on sexual and reproductive health also have to be improved to prevent child abuse in Sri Lanka.

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Gallagher, Bernard. "Ritual, and child sexual abuse, but not ritual child sexual abuse." Child Abuse Review 9, no. 5 (2000): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0852(200009/10)9:5<321::aid-car620>3.0.co;2-d.

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50

Coleman, Joan. "Ritual, and child sexual abuse, but not ritual child sexual abuse." Child Abuse Review 10, no. 2 (2001): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.678.

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