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1
Croft, Simone. "Maternal and child psychopathology." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12417/.
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Evidence suggests that maternal depressed mood (MDM) and childhood emotional and behavioural disorders (EBDs) frequently co-occur. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the nature of how these psychopathologies develop together across childhood. This epidemiology study uses a large British birth cohort, the Millennium Cohort Study, which charts the development of over 19,000 families throughout the UK. Five subscales of child behaviour were assessed using the preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) measured at age 3 and the standard school-age SDQ assessed at ages 5, 7, and 11. MDM was measured concurrently using the Kessler 6 scale. A prerequisite stage of analysis involved testing the psychometric invariance properties of the preschool SDQ (Chapter 2). The reliability and construct validity of this measure was established. Measurement invariance across time and predictive criterion validity were demonstrated across preschool to school-age developmental stages. The preschool SDQ was used in conjunction with the school-age SDQ and MDM scales to confirm reciprocity of mother and child behaviours across childhood in Chapter 3. Bidirectional effects were significant and positive across each assessment. The magnitude of effects did not differ by developmental stage, child gender or by agent (mother/child). In Chapter 4, features of change in mother and child behaviours were assessed. Using second order parallel process growth models, initial levels of MDM and all child behaviours were positively and significantly correlated indicating interrelatedness of maternal and child psychopathologies. Child externalizing behaviours at age 3 were significantly negatively correlated with change in MDM over time thus declines in MDM were lower for mothers of children high in externalizing behaviours. MDM at age 3 was significantly, positively correlated with change in peer problems, thus children of mothers with high levels of MDM at age 3 had slower declines in peer problems over time. Results from these studies confirm the interrelatedness of mother and child psychopathologies. Quantitative differences in the relationship between MDM and internalizing compared to MDM and externalizing problems emerged. The practical and clinical implications of these studies are discussed.
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Hartman, Catharina Annette. "Changing concepts of child psychopathology." Amsterdam : Amsterdam : TT-Publicaties ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/81075.
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Jung, Yoon Kyung. "The relationship between parent-child emotion communication and child psychopathology." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495960151&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Plant, Dominic. "When one childhood meets another : maternal child maltreatment and offspring child psychopathology." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/15001/.
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Studies have shown that a mother’s history of child maltreatment is associated with her child’s experience of internalising and externalising difficulties. This study aimed to characterise the mediating pathways that may underpin this association. Data on a mother’s history of child maltreatment, depression during pregnancy, depression after birth, maladaptive parenting practices and her child’s experience of maltreatment and preadolescent internalising and externalising difficulties were analysed in a sample of 9,397 mother-child dyads followed prospectively from pregnancy to child age 13. The results showed that maternal history of child maltreatment was significantly associated with child internalising and externalising difficulties in preadolescence. Maternal antenatal depression, post-birth depression, maladaptive parenting and child maltreatment were observed to significantly mediate this association. The study concluded that psychological and psychosocial interventions focused around treating maternal depression, particularly during pregnancy, and improving parenting skills, could be offered to mothers with traumatic childhood experiences to help protect against psychopathology in the next generation.
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Riser, Diana Katherine. "Parent Trauma History and Parenting Style: Relation to Child Trauma and Child Psychopathology." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32822.
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The purpose of the current study was to further explore the relations between parent trauma, parenting behavior, child trauma, and child adjustment. The sample included 358 children (191 boys and 167 girls) and their primary caregiver (48 fathers and 310 mothers). The childrenâ s ages ranged from 10 to 17 with an average age of 13. Parent trauma was not found to be related to child trauma through parenting behaviors. Child trauma was found to mediate the relations between parenting and child adjustment. There was some evidence of parenting mediating the relation between parent trauma and child adjustment. This research underscores the importance of understanding the risk and protective factors associated with parent trauma and its influences on child trauma and adjustment as well as the importance of good parenting as a protective factor. Further, this study supports past research which highlights those pathways which lead to resilience.<br>Master of Science
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Hankinson, Jessica Curley. "Child psychopathology, parental problem perception, and help-seeking behaviors." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002993.
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Cape, Chad. "The Child-therapist." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG026/document.
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Le « child-therapist » évoque un enfant qui sacrifie son psychisme et ainsi son développement pour la survie du système familial. Cette thèse cherche à explorer son vécu et à mieux comprendre ce qu’il vit. A travers la méthode d’observation et une analyse utilisant la méthode d’IPA (Interpretational Phenomenological Analysis), je questionne son développement psychique, sa mentalisation et la colère latente qu’il peut ressentir envers ses parents. Cette recherche a révélé que certains child-therapists se développent à travers un conditionnement, c’est-à-dire à partir des tâtonnements vers des comportements désirés, ainsi que des comportements qui réduisent les tensions au sein de la famille. Aussi, en présence de ses parents, il démontre de fausses capacités de mentalisation. Enfin, sans exception, il porte une colère envers ses parents défaillants. Cette recherche a donc élucidé le fonctionnement mental du child-therapist<br>The child-therapist speaks of a child who sacrifices his own psychical development for the survival of his or her family. This dissertation sets out to understand the mind of the child. Using the observational method and the IPA (Interpretational Phenomenological Analysis) to analyse the data,I set out to investigate his or her development, his or her mentalization capacities and a latent anger that he or she could harbour towards his or her parents. This research showed that the child develops through a form of conditioning. In addition, he or she exhibits false mentalization capacities, but only in the presence of his or her parents. Lastly, the child holds anger and resentment towards his parents that failed him or her. This study helped shed light on the mind of the child-therapist
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Crittenden, Kia B. Herbert James D. "Comparison of beliefs and attitudes toward internalizing disorders relative to externalizing disorders in children and adolescents /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/454.
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Ramklint, Mia. "Influence of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology on Adult Personality Disorder." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2153.
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<p>Individuals afflicted with childhood and adolescent mental disorders have an increased risk for poor outcome in adulthood. The progression of psychopathology from childhood to adult life may be influenced by a multitude of interacting variables, both biological and psychosocial. There is limited information on the relationships between child psychopathology and adult personality and personality disorders. The main aim of this thesis was therefore to gain better knowledge concerning adult personality outcome in patients with early onset of mental disorders. </p><p>Former child psychiatric patients as compared to controls had a significantly higher prevalence of all DSM-IV personality disorders (38.0 vs. 10.9 percent, p<0.001) and also a considerably higher personality disorder co-morbidity. They also had more psychosocial and environmental problems. This was exaggerated in those diagnosed with a personality disorder. Major depression, disruptive disorders and substance use disorders at a young age were strong predictors for adult personality disorder.</p><p>Patients with an early onset major depression had more personality disorders and more deviant personality traits than those with a late onset. </p><p>Forensic psychiatric male patients diagnosed with a previous conduct disorder as compared to those without had more cluster B personality disorders, and more repeated violent criminality and mixed abuse. They also exhibited more deviant personality traits and higher psychopathy scores.</p><p>The instrument "Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Screening Inventory-Retrospect" had acceptable sensitivity and specificity for assessment of child psychiatric disorders. Subscales demonstrated good internal reliability (Crohnbach´s alpha = 0.76-0.93).</p><p>The results suggest that adult personality disturbances are prevalent in individuals affected with mental problems at young ages. A better understanding of the transition of psychopathology from childhood to adulthood and a better identification of those at risk will be of help in attempts to prevent permanent impact on the adult personality.</p>
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Kritiotis, Lia Costas. "Depressive disorders and chronic comorbid disease states: a pharmacoepidemiological evaluation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/653.
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The treatment of Depressive Disorders in patients with chronic comorbid disease states warrants careful consideration of the risk-benefit ratio pertaining to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the antidepressant being considered, against the physiological susceptibilities of the patient; potential drug-drug interactions and depressive symptoms. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Depressive Disorders and the most frequently diagnosed chronic comorbid disease states in a depressed South African study population; and to comment on the appropriateness of antidepressants prescribed to these patients. This retrospective drug utilisation study consisted of two parts: the first part focused on the prevalence of the most frequently diagnosed chronic comorbidities in a depressed South African population (N = 21 171). The three most prevalent chronic comorbid disease states were Hypertension (52.87 percent), Lipid Disorders (20.40 percent) and Arthritis (16.70 percent). The second part of the study included an assessment of the antidepressants prescribed to depressed patients in 2004 (N = 6 150). Emphasis was placed on the suitability of antidepressants selected for depressed adult patients (18 years of age and older) with comorbid Hypertension, Lipid Disorders or Arthritis. SSRIs were prescribed most frequently to the depressed patients during 2004 (59.67 percent). SSRIs are the suggested first-line treatments for depressed patients with multiple chronic comorbid disease states. However, of the SSRIs, fluoxetine has the least favourable pharmacokinetic profile and was found to be the antidepressant prescribed most often. Amitriptyline, which was the TCA prescribed most frequently, produces the greatest degree of anticholinergic, sedative and hypotensive effects, relative to other agents in the same antidepressant class. Thus, it is not recommended as a first-line antidepressant, especially in depressed patients with comorbidities. This study identifies potential areas of intervention regarding antidepressant prescribing in depressed individuals with chronic comorbid disease states and offers recommendations to promote the selection of optimal, individualised drug treatment strategies for these patients.
11
Pierce, Laura Katharine. "Parent psychopathology and adolescent externalizing behavior." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2007.
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12
Ryan, Sarah M. "Parental Anxiety and Child Psychopathology: The Role of the Family Environment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78097.
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A sizeable proportion of adults suffer from an anxiety disorder and many of those adults are parents. Parental anxiety, as well as dysfunctional family environment, contributes to both internalizing and externalizing problems in children. Specifically, family control, conflict, and cohesion have been shown to predict child internalizing and externalizing symptoms to varying degrees. However, few studies have examined the association between all three components in the same study: parental psychopathology, family environment, and child outcomes. The current study tested the relationships among these variables in a sample of 189 children (66% male, 93% Caucasian, mean age = 10.34 years). Family conflict predicted child externalizing symptoms for both mothers and fathers, and mediated the relationship between maternal anxiety and child externalizing symptoms. Family cohesion predicted child externalizing problems based on maternal report and mediated the relationship between maternal anxiety and child externalizing symptoms. Furthermore, family cohesion moderated the relationship between maternal anxiety and child internalizing symptoms. These findings provide preliminary support for the role of the family environment in the relationship between parental anxiety and child psychopathology, and these environmental variables may be important targets of intervention in families with elevated parental anxiety.<br>Master of Science
13
Chan, Kit-bing Sumee. "Conceptions of psychopathology among children from a developmental perspective: an exploratory study among thewell and the afflicted." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29648087.
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Sacker, Amanda. "Longitudinal models of maladaptive behaviour." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361262.
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Tiemeier, Julie M. "Family Rituals and Child Psychopathology In Families With Substance Abusing Mothers." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1394727310.
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McGinty, Thomas J. "Reintegrating Students with Emotional Disturbance from Therapeutic Educational Placements to High Schools: Student and Adult Perceptions." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McGintyTJ2007.pdf.
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Marmion, Julia. "Fear as a factor in the development of childhood psychopathology." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2007/j%5Fmarmion%5F050806.pdf.
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Kotler, Julie S. "Early correlates of psychopathy and relations between psychopathy, youth adjustment, and growth trajectories for externalizing behavior in samples of normative and high-risk youth /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8996.
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Suveg, Cynthia M. "Emotion Management in Children with Anxiety Disorders: A Focus on the Role of Emotion-related Socialization Processes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SuvegCM2003.pdf.
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Chukwuemeka, Gregory Adjuba. "Profile of paediatric psychosocial disorders in Frere Hospital and analysis of associated patterns of referrals." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002458.
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The profile of psychosocial disorders in children and the attendant patterns of referrals and health communication, were investigated within the context of a tertiary referral centre in the Eastern Cape Province. Literature on childhood disorders points to a high level of functional and substance related disorders in technologically developed countries of Europe and North America, in contrast to the developing countries of Asia and Africa, where the burden of infectious diseases and disorders of deprivation and lack still predominate in the profile of psychosocial disorders in children. In South Africa however, there is almost non-existent research on clinical psychosocial disorders profile and the research sets out to be an exploratory study in this area. A combination design was employed in which interviews and observations complemented a primarily quantitative descriptive cross sectional analysis of hospitalcase records. A pilot study was performed using an information gathering questionnaire and interviews, with findings subsequently explored in the main study. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) (WHO, 1992) diagnostic categories were used to create a profile of all ailments in the paediatric unit. Psychosocial disorders both in terms of aetiology and illness course, can be viewed from the perspective of socialadjustment and functioning (in which there is a potential role of social factors as provoking, causal or modifying factors) (Williams &Clare, 1979); and the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) (American Psychiatric Association,1994) criteria was used to create the profile of these disorders in the paediatric unit at Frere Hospital which accounted for 45% of the ailments managed in one year. The derived profile is a picture in between the profile found in technologically advanced countries, and developing countries. While the infection burden and malnutrition appear to be readily contained or curtailed, there appears to be a serious problem with access to health care services which manifest especially at the level of perinatal events, with resultant high level of hypoxic brain damage and consequently mental retardation and varying levels of impairment or disability. These medical consequences in turn are fundamentally psychosocial, requiring psychosocial care with heavy reliance on strategic communication and referrals. The referrals in respect of psychosocial disorders are mainly at primary care level revolving around local health care clinics, private clinics, special schools and rehabilitation centres.
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Muchmore, Marcia A. "Internal state language, attachment and externalizing psychopathology in preschool boys /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9108.
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Radtke, Sarah Ryan. "The Interaction between Child Behavioral Inhibition and Parenting Behaviors across Development: Effects on Adolescent Psychopathology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98732.
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Psychopathology is highly prevalent during childhood and adolescence and contributes to a variety of negative outcomes. Attempts to identify etiological factors which contribute to the development of psychopathology in youth have considered the Goodness of Fit between children's temperaments and the behaviors exhibited by their parents (Chess and Thomas, 1999; Zuckerman, 1999). Many studies have demonstrated that the interaction of children's behavioral inhibition and certain parenting behaviors influences children's psychological outcomes. However, the ability to draw firm conclusions from these studies is severely limited by methodological weaknesses.
In the current study, data were analyzed from 253 youth (46% male) who completed assessments at 2-years (N=167), 3-years (N=144), 4-years (N=134), 6-years (N=110), and 9-years of age (N=192), and during adolescence (N=78; mean age=14.08 years). Measures of child behavioral inhibition, maternal warmth and control, and child psychopathology were gathered at each time point. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to explore the moderating effect of maternal warmth and control on the relationship between child shyness and child/adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
With a few exceptions, child shyness significantly predicted child internalizing symptoms at each time point, while maternal warmth and control, and their interaction with child shyness, did not predict child internalizing or externalizing outcomes. Longitudinally, the slope of shyness across childhood significantly predicted adolescent internalizing symptoms. The moderating effect of maternal parenting on this relationship could not be explored due to sample size and missing data restrictions. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the interaction between child shyness (at each time point) and maternal warmth and control did not predict adolescent psychopathology. Cross-lagged structural equation models analyzed the longitudinal, bidirectional relationships between child shyness and maternal warmth and control. However, youth shyness and maternal warmth/control were not correlated at any time point, youth shyness did not predict future displays of maternal warmth/control, and maternal warmth/control did not impact future levels of youth shyness.
Compared to previous studies, the current study's design and methodology had many strengths. However, the findings were largely inconsistent with hypotheses and previous work. Possible explanations for these findings, study limitations, and directions for future research are summarized.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>The presence of psychological disorders is common during childhood and adolescence and contributes to a variety of negative outcomes. Attempts to determine what is causing these disorders to develop in youth have considered how children's temperaments and the behaviors exhibited by their parents may or may not fit well together. Past research has demonstrated that the interaction of children's fearfulness or shyness and certain parenting behaviors influences children's psychological outcomes. However, the ability to draw firm conclusions from this past research is limited by weaknesses within studies and inconsistencies between them.
The current study attempted to address some of these weaknesses and inconsistencies by exploring the relationships among child shyness, maternal displays of warmth and control, and psychological symptoms. A total of 253 children had already participated in one or more assessment sessions when they were 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9-years-old, and, for the current study, 78 of those children completed an assessment as adolescents (average age = 14-years-old).
Similar to previous research, at most of the ages, child shyness predicted the likelihood that the children would experience internalizing symptoms (i.e., symptoms of anxiety and mood disorders). Additionally, the way children's shyness scores changed over time also predicted which adolescents would experience internalizing symptoms. However, contrary to previous research, maternal warmth and control did not predict child psychological symptoms. Furthermore, the results did not indicate that certain parenting behaviors were better or worse for children with differing levels of shyness.
This study also explored whether child shyness and maternal parenting behaviors were related to one another over time. Results indicated that shyness levels predicted future levels of shyness, and maternal warmth/control predicted future levels of warmth/control. However, again contrary to the findings of previous studies, child shyness and maternal parenting did not predict one another.
Because the study findings were largely inconsistent with what was expected, possible explanations for these findings, study limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Zajac, Kristyn. "Caregiver state of mind and child psychopathology intergenerational effects in a low-income sample /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 47 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1163266771&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Guenolé, Fabian. "Etudes psychopathologiques quantitatives d’enfants intellectuellement surdoués : associations avec l’inhomogénéité intellectuelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV044/document.
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La santé mentale des enfants « intellectuellement surdoués », une des appellations désignant les enfants présentant des aptitudes intellectuelles jugées particulièrement supérieures à la norme, suscite des questionnements scientifiques en raison de leur vulnérabilité psychologique supposée.L’objectif principal de la thèse était d’explorer les profils psychopathologiques d’enfants surdoués en situation de difficulté psychologique et de rechercher des facteurs cognitifs et psycho-comportementaux associés à la santé mentale chez les enfants intellectuellement surdoués.L’investigation psychopathologique quantitative d’un groupe (n = 143) d’enfants intellectuellement surdoués (QI ≥ 130) amenés à consulter auprès de professionnels de santé de l’enfance pour des difficultés scolaires et/ou d’adaptation sociale a montré des problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux significatifs et variés. Les problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux internalisés prédominaient sur les problèmes externalisés. Un très haut QI (≥ 145) ne semblait pas associé à plus de problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux, en revanche, un profil intellectuel inhomogène était associé à significativement plus de problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux, plus particulièrement des problèmes externalisés et tout particulièrement des comportements agressifs. Le profil intellectuel inhomogène était également associé à plus de syndromes émotionnels et comportementaux complexes (syndromes mixtes). Des investigations supplémentaires concernant l’inhomogénéité intellectuelle, menées dans le même groupe d’enfants et dans deux autres de recrutement comparable (n = 111 et 12 ; respectivement), ont suggéré son association avec certaines variables psychopathologiques, en particulier la dysrégulation émotionnelle et l’hétérogénéité des processus de raisonnements piagétiens.Enfin, une étude menée en milieu scolaire chez 118 collégiens a suggéré que l’inhomogénéité intellectuelle présentait un lien négatif avec l’estime de soi chez les jeunes intellectuellement surdoués.Le principal résultat de la thèse est la mise en évidence d’une association chez les enfants intellectuellement surdoués étudiés entre l’inhomogénéité du profil intellectuel et certaines variables psychopathologiques et de santé mentale, en populations cliniques et scolaire.De nouvelles études, épidémiologiques et cliniques sont néanmoins nécessaires pour mieux cerner la notion d’enfant intellectuellement surdoué elle-même, et préciser les vulnérabilités qui y sont éventuellement associées<br>Mental health in intellectually gifted children (IQ ≥ 130) raises scientific questions because of their supposed psychological vulnerability. The main objective of the thesis was to explore the psychopathological profiles of clinically-referred gifted children, and to investigate cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors associated with mental health in gifted children. A quantitative psychopathological investigation of a group (n = 143) of gifted children who were clinically-referred for academic and/or social adaptation problems showed significant and varied emotional and behavioral problems. Internalized problems predominated over externalized ones. A very high IQ (≥ 145) was not associated with more emotional and behavioral problems. An inhomogeneous intellectual profile was associated with significantly more emotional and behavioural problems, particularly externalized ones, and more particularly aggressive ones. Intellectuel inhomogeneity was also associated with more complex emotional and behavioral syndromes (mixed syndromes). Further investigations of intellectual inhomogeneity in the same group of gifted children and in two other ones similarily recruited (n = 111 and 12; respectively) suggested its significant association with certain psychopathological variables, particularly emotional dysregulation and heterogeneity of Piagetian reasoning processes. Finally, a school-based study among 118 secondary school students suggested that intellectual inhomogeneity had a negative relationship with self-esteem among intellectually gifted youth. The main result of the thesis is the evidence for an association in intellectually gifted children between the inhomogeneity of the intellectual profile and certain psychopathological and mental health variables in clinical and school settings. Additional studies are however needed in odrer to better the significance of intellectual giftedness in children and its potentially associated psychological vulnerabilities
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Ingman, Kathleen A. "The relationship between family environment and internalizing and externalizing childhood behavior problems." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09182008-063019/.
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Fees, Melissa Soza. "The impact of early life experiences on subsequent adaptive and problem behaviors in maltreated children /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9820842.
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Hindman, Jason M. "Parent Psychopathology, Marital Adjustment, and Child Psychological Dysfunction: The Mediating Role of Attachment and Sibling Relationship." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31534/.
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This study is part of a larger research project examining family attachment processes. The current study tests a family process model that postulates the mediating role of parent-child attachment and sibling relationship quality in the associations of parent psychopathology or marital adjustment to children's psychological dysfunction. A community sample of 86 families with at least one school-aged (8-12 years) child was recruited from area schools and organizations. Families came to the UNT Family Attachment Lab, where they participated in research tasks, including interviews, self-report instruments, and videotaped interaction tasks. Specific questionnaires used in this study included the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire, the Security Scale, the Behavior Assessment System for Children, the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire, and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Using a single indicator for each variable, path analyses tested three paternal models, three maternal models, and three systemic models using different informants' (i.e., father, mother, child) reports of child functioning as the outcome variable. Results of this study highlight the positive relationship between parent marital adjustment and parent-child attachment security, as well as the inverse relationship between maternal psychopathology and mother-child attachment security. In addition, the inverse relationship between parent-child attachment security and child psychological dysfunction was significant across nearly all paternal and maternal models. Particularly noteworthy was the consistent mediating influence of attachment security in the association between marital adjustment and child psychological dysfunction across paternal and maternal models.
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Desta, Menelik. "Epidemiology of child psychiatric disorders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1585.
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Ashman, Sharon Beth. "Trajectories of maternal depression over seven years : relations with child psychophysiology and behavior /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9039.
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Young, Matthew E. "Comparison of Diagnostic Interviews for Children Accessing Outpatient Mental Health Services." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274748739.
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Logue, Mary Beth. "Panic and anxiety disorders in an outpatient pediatric cardiology sample /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9823325.
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Evans, Miranda. "The Role of Individual Difference in Predicting Psychopathology Following Peer Victimization." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2691.
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eer victimization is a common experience that is associated with later psychopathology. However, there is inconsistency in the strength and statistical significance of this effect. The current study used two methods to try to understand this inconsistency. First, co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms were considered dimensionally. Second, the present study considered temperament as a potential moderator to explain the multifinality of outcomes that occur following peer victimization. A community sample (N = 387; 52% female) of early adolescents (11-15) from a longitudinal study of risk and resilience factors for psychopathology was utilized to test hypotheses. Cross-lagged examinations between victimization and psychopathology were examined, including the moderating effect of temperament. No longitudinal relationship between victimization and psychopathology was found. A significant interaction between victimization and effortful control predicted externalizing and co-occurring symptoms. Future researchers should consider improving the measurement of victimization and temperament to get a better understanding of the effect.
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Mendoza, Diaz Antonio. "Disorganised theories or disorganised attachments: An analysis of the divergence between attachment and psychopathology models explaining the early emergence of callous-unemotional traits." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18565.
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Previous studies suggest children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits have a disorganised attachment, a notion that challenges two developmental frameworks, as the literature on children with CU traits places most of the aetiological burden on the child, whereas the attachment literature places most of this burden on the parent. First, the intergenerational transmission of CU traits was examined in a cross-sectional study with a sample of clinically-referred children. It investigated whether psychopathy in parents conferred risk specific to CU traits over and above general risk factors. Second, two psychometric tools were validated. The Interview on Critical Bonding Moments (ICBM), a retrospective assessment of parents’ state of mind during their child’s early development, and the Child Affective Behaviour (CAB) scale, which assesses children’s proximity-seeking, eye gaze, soothability and expression/reception of affect. Third, the relationships between CU traits and the ICBM and CAB were assessed using a Bayesian machine-learning algorithm to probe whether maternal negative affect during critical bonding experiences, and children’s affective responses, were associated with parental reports of CU traits. Fourth, longitudinal associations between markers from Study 3 and the development of CU traits when children were 4 were analysed using a sample of mother-child dyads assessed over a four-year period. Prior results were replicated, and the analysis found novel associations suggesting children’s dispositional characteristics are the main predictors of CU emergence. Child-driven effects were supported – consistent with the CU literature – as studies found strong associations between children’s affective behaviours and CU emergence. Assessments guided by an attachment framework accounted for smaller but significant effects, linking the perinatal period to the emergence of CU traits through associations with maternal fright during pregnancy and disinterest while feeding.
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Quigley, Ashley. "Infant Emotion Regulation with Mothers and Fathers: The Roles of Infant Temperament and Parent Psychopathology." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3121.
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The ability to regulate emotions is a key part of infants’ social and emotional development, but this ability may differ due to different factors internal and external to the infant. The current study examined the association between infant temperament and parent psychopathology to predict emotion regulation strategies in a sample of 4-montholds using the diathesis-stress model (Monroe & Simons, 1991). Parent-report questionnaires were used to measure infant temperament (the Infant-Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, IBQ-R; Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003) and parental psychopathology (Inventory of Depression and Anxiety, IDAS; Watson et al., 2007). Infants’ use of parent-focused, attentional distraction, and self-soothing strategies were rated during a dyadic face-to-face play task with mothers and fathers (Still-Face Paradigm, Tronick, Als, Adamson, Wise, & Brazelton, 1978) to assess emotion regulation strategy use. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant effects for mother-infant dyads that partially supports the diathesis-stress model.
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Park, Jennifer M. "An Examination of the Impact of Hoarding Parent-Adult Child Relationships and Family Functioning." Scholar Commons, 2013. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5291.
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Compulsive hoarding is characterized by difficulty discarding unneeded items and the accumulation of items within living spaces and is associated with significant functional impairment and distress. Along with the negative impact on the individual, previous reports have indicated that compulsive hoarding is not only impairing and substantially burdensome for family members, but also linked to disruptions in family functioning. The present study utilized a path model analysis to examine the associations between an array of hoarding variables hypothesized to impact family functioning and parent-adult child relationships in 199 adult children of hoarders. Results revealed that family functioning mediated the relationship between hoarding severity and parent-adult child relationship. Decreased insight into hoarding symptoms was directly associated with decreased quality of parent-adult child relationships, which was mediated by family functioning. Increased family accommodation was significantly associated with increased impairment (work, social, family domains) in adult children of hoarders. Clinical implications and future directions in research are discussed.
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Sarnacki, Ronald L. (Ronald Leonard). "An Examination of the Behavioral Dimensions of Behaviorally Disordered Students Across Grade Levels Utilizing Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332320/.
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A review of the literature regarding behavioral characteristics and underlying factors for behaviorally disordered (BD) students revealed that both elementary school aged and secondary school aged BD students may be able to be described by a similar factor structure. Utilizing ratings obtained on a national sample of BD students with the Behavioral Dimensions Rating Scale (BDRS). Research Edition, the pattern of item ratings for students in grades kindergarten through five (K-5) and grades six through eleven (6-11) was examined to confirm this literature-based theory.
Multigroup simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation procedures was utilized to compare the covariance structures of students in grades K-5 and grades 6-11. A goodness-of-fit index revealed that the covariance matrices of the two groups were invariant.
Since the same factor structure could be used to describe BD students in grades K-5 and grades 6-11, the means for the two groups were compared using Hotelling's T^2 statistic for two independent samples. The analysis resulted in finding a significant difference between the two groups' means.
A univariate F test was conducted for the behavioral dimensions to locate the source of the mean difference. A significant difference was found only for Factor I: Aggressive/Acting Out, indicating that teachers perceive these types of behavior to be more problematic for students in grades K-5. No significant differences were found between the two groups' means on Factor II: Socially Withdrawn, Factor III: Irresponsible/Inattentive, or Factor IV: Fearful/Anxious.
This investigation has demonstrated that teachers can use the BDRS, Research Edition with confidence when assessing the behaviors of both elementary and secondary school aged students. Areas for further investigation include an examination for invariance across (a) more narrowly defined grade distributions, (b) gender, and (c) socioeconomic status.
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Waterhouse, Jodie. "Early adversity, early psychosis and mediating factors." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12860/.
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The study aimed to investigate childhood adversity in a sample of clients with first-episode psychosis. The mediating impact of dissociation and early maladaptive schemas and moderating effect of social support were investigated. The study (N = 42) assessed childhood adversity using the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Early Maladaptive Schema were measured using the Young Schema Questionnaire (Short form), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (2nd Edition) measured Dissociation and the Social Support Questionnaire assessed the quality and size of each participant’s social network. Correlational, mediation and moderation analyses were used. There were high levels of childhood adversity within this sample. Dissociation did not mediate the relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis. Some early maladaptive schemas concerned with unrelenting standards and insufficient self-control mediated the relationship between adversity and psychosis, in particular hallucinations. Social support, in terms of both quality and quantity was an important moderator between childhood adversity and psychosis. The study supports the notion that childhood adversity is a risk factor for psychosis and highlights some evidence about specific mediating and moderating mechanisms.
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Arnold, Kate. "The influence of parental depression, interparental conflict and parent-child hostility on the development of psychopathology in children and adolescents." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61383/.
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Parental depression has been highlighted as a major risk factor for the development of psychopathology in children and adolescents (Mars et al, 2012; Sellers et al, 2013). Garber & Martin (2002) suggest that the primary environmental stressor that children living with depressed parents are exposed to relates to the impact of maternal depression on marital conflict. Interparental conflict has been demonstrated to have negative effects on various aspects of family functioning and relationships. Strong associations between conflict levels in parental relationships and negative parent-child relationships support this theory (Erel & Burmann, 1995). The parent- child relationship is viewed as a central mechanism for the transmission of psychopathology across generations of a family (Rutter et al., 2010). This thesis examines the relationship between parental depression and family processes (specifically interparental and parent-child relationships) on the development of depressive and aggressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Four data sets examine these associations: a high risk sample of parents with recurrent depression and their adolescent children (Early Prediction of Adolescent Depression, EPADS), a community sample of low-risk adolescents and their families (Welsh Family Study, WFS), a sample of families who have conceived children using Artificial Reproductive Technologies (the Cardiff IVF Study, C-IVF) and a longitudinal adoption study (Early Growth and Development Study, EGDS). Findings from this thesis presents evidence that a process exists by which parental depressive symptoms contribute to the development of psychopathology in children and adolescents through disrupted interparental and parent-child relationships. Parental depression was consistently associated with interparental conflict, which in turn was associated with higher levels of parent-child hostility. For child outcomes, the most consistent finding was the association between parent-child hostility and child and adolescent symptoms of aggression. This was observed in all four data sets, in a variety of samples and across a range of developmental periods. The association was observed where adolescents were classed as being at either a high or low-risk for the development of psychopathology, and for those families where parents were rearing genetically related and genetically unrelated children.
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Steding, Lindsey Heath. "The Relationship of Attributions and Parental Characteristics with Parental Problem Recognition." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6399.
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A significant number of youth experience mental health disorders for which they suffer negative consequences. Although there are evidence-based therapies available to help children and their families, most youth do not receive treatment. Parental problem recognition is likely a primary barrier in this process. This study begins to address why parents may have difficulty recognizing mental health problems by extending existing models and integrating evidence about parental perceptions. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental attributions and parents’ problem determination, and to examine the influence that parental characteristics have on this judgment process. Participants included 164 parents of youth ages 6-11 years. Purposive sampling was used to recruit mothers and fathers from both lower and higher SES communities. Parents completed self-report measures of parental characteristics, including: parental psychopathology, parenting stress, parental tolerance, and parental self-efficacy. Parents read ten brief child behavior vignettes and completed a version of the Written Analogue Questionnaire to rate the cause of each behavior (assuming it was their own child in the vignette) along four dimensions. Parents also rated the extent to which the behavior was seen as a problem. Results indicated that parents’ causal attributions were highly associated with parents’ problem ratings, and the attributions of stability and controllability were particularly robust predictors of problem determination. Hypotheses regarding parental characteristics as moderators of the relationship between attributions and problem determination were not supported. Findings are discussed in light of clinical and public health implications; results suggest that recognizing the influence of parental beliefs and attributions may help to increase the efficacy of outreach efforts for early intervention and help seeking for parental concerns.
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Baldwin, Jennifer S. Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "The covariation of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and anxiety in children: a community sample." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25209.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is comorbid with a range of other disorders in clinical and community samples, including anxiety disorders. The outcomes of the Multimodal Treatment Studies of ADHD (MTA Cooperative Group, 1999) highlight the importance of this comorbidity, as children with anxiety responded differently to treatments than did children with ADHD only. At present there are few tested theoretical explanations of the etiological processes and developmental trajectories associated with their co-occurrence. The aim of this research was to put forward and examine different explanations for the comorbidity of these two disorders in children according to the framework provided by Lilienfeld (2003). This was achieved by examining the covariation of ADHD symptoms and anxiety symptoms in a community sample of 499 children aged 8-13. Dimensional assessments of psychopathology were conducted via self-report questionnaires given to children, parents and teachers. The results were analysed via structural equation modelling approaches using AMOS (Arbuckle, 2003). Consistent with the hypotheses, positive associations at Time 1 between ADHD and anxiety symptoms were linked with inattention symptoms and were particularly pronounced for girls. The concurrent positive associations observed at each time period could not be completely accounted for by overlapping symptoms across measures or by method covariance explanations. The link between ADHD and anxiety symptoms could be explained by a common factor in reporting whereby ADHD and anxiety symptoms were both associated with noncompliance and negative affect for parents' reports, and negative affect for children???s' reports. Despite the concurrent associations, there was no support for the hypothesis that ADHD symptoms predicted the development of anxiety symptoms over time, nor the alternative hypothesis that anxiety symptoms predicted the development of ADHD symptoms over time, when the stability of symptoms across time was taken into account. It was concluded that ADHD symptoms (particularly inattention) and anxiety symptoms are covarying phenomena that are linked with common features of an irritable temperament and disruptive behaviour. Future research should investigate the role of these common factors in treatment outcome and cognitive research, which has previously found differences between ADHD children with and without anxiety.
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Ung, Danielle. "Peer Victimization in Youth with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6421.
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Peer victimization is a serious national concern affecting as many as 54% of typically developing children and adolescents. Although an extensive body of literature on peer victimization in typically developing youth exists, few studies have focused on how this problem affects youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who may be at a higher risk to experience peer victimization due to ASD symptomology and other common comorbid characteristics (e.g., anxiety and depressive symptoms) that may invite peer aggression. In this study, 81 school-aged youth between the ages of 9 and 17 years (M= 11.91, SD= 2.32) who were diagnosed with ASD and had a full scale intelligence quotient (IQ) equal to or greater than 70 (M= 104.10, SD= 14.24) and their parents completed questionnaires examining the frequency of peer victimization and clinical characteristics of the youth. Parents (n= 81) and their children (n= 78) reported that peer victimization occurred on average a few times in the past year, and frequency did not significantly differ across gender. Parent and child reports of victimization had a significant positive relationship with child’s report of loneliness (r(78)= .46, p< .001; r(78)= .61, p< .001, respectively), anxiety and depressive symptoms (r(78)= .22, p< 0.05; r(78)= .61, p< .001, respectively), and a significant negative relationship with social skills (r(78)= -.38, p= .001; r(78)= -.30, p< .01, respectively). The relationship between child’s and parent’s report of peer victimization and child’s anxiety/depressive symptoms (b= -.01, SE= .01, p= .55; b= .01, SE= .01, p= .34, respectively) and loneliness (b= .001, SE= .01, p= .88; b= .01, SE= .01, p= .48, respectively) did not significantly vary as a function of the overall amount of social support received. Parent and child report of peer victimization did not significantly predict parent reported parental stress above and beyond ASD symptom severity (p= .37, R2 change= .01 and p= .09, R2 change= .03, respectively). Lastly, the relationship between the child’s and parent’s report of peer victimization and parent reported social avoidance was not mediated by a fear of negative evaluation. The results indicate significant predictors of peer victimizations that may assist school staff, parents and healthcare providers identify youth with ASD who may be at risk for peer victimization and may help to shape treatment protocols by targeting the associated factors of peer victimization (e.g., anxiety and depressive symptoms, social skill deficits).
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Pavlidis, Karen. "Autonomy and relatedness in family interactions with depressed adolescents /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9066.
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Bronzatto, Edna Márcia Koizume. "Estudo exploratório sobre o uso do protocolo de indicadores clínicos para o desenvolvimento infantil na avaliação de bebês em risco para autismo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-21112013-150426/.
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A pedido do Ministério da Saúde foi desenvolvido e validado um protocolo de Indicadores Clínicos de Risco para o Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDI) capaz de detectar sinais de risco para problemas de desenvolvimento e psíquicos em bebês de 0 a 18 meses. Os estudos do grupo do qual esta pesquisadora fez parte focam a avaliação de bebês irmãos de autistas, que, segundo a literatura, por serem irmãos de crianças diagnosticadas, podem apresentar risco de problemas psíquicos e de desenvolvimento. No decorrer do trabalho, o campo foi ampliado e passou a compreender Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de São Paulo, o Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, o Centro de Referência da Infância e Adolescência da Universidade Federal de São Paulo e o Centro Lumi. A partir do contato com as famílias em avaliação, mudamos o foco da presente pesquisa. Os aspectos concernentes à função paterna mobilizaram intensamente o interesse da pesquisadora e as questões comparativas entre bebês irmãos de autistas e bebês que não são irmãos de autistas deixaram de fazer parte desta dissertação, sendo abordadas em outros trabalhos de demais orientandos do grupo de pesquisa. Emergiram interessantes e originais questões com a utilização do instrumento, como a contradição no próprio instrumento quanto à função paterna, vídeos utilizados para formação dos profissionais e a não convocação do pai real, nem mesmo simbolicamente durante os atendimentos<br>Upon a request by Ministério da Saúde, a Clinical Indicators for Child Development protocol (IRDI) capable of detecting risk signals for developmental and psychogenic problems in 0 to 18 months old babies has been accomplished and validated. The studies by the group in which the present author participated focused on the evaluation of brother babies of autists, which, according to the literature, for being brothers of diagnosed babies, may present risk of developmental and psychogenic problems. In the course of the study, the scope was extended to include Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de São Paulo, o Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, o Centro de Referência da Infância e Adolescência da Universidade Federal de São Paulo e o Centro Lumi. From the scrutiny of families under evaluation, the focus of present research was changed. The aspects concerning paternal roll called present authors special atention and the comparative essues between brother babies of autists and non-autists babies were transferred to other works by the study group. Other interesting and unique questions arose about the use of instruments such as contradiction in the instrument itself regarding paternal roll, videos for education of professionals and the non-summoning of real father, not even symbolically during interviews
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Munson, Jeffrey A. "Structure and variability in the developmental trajectory of children's externalizing problems : impact of child sex, infant attachment, and maternal depression /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8993.
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Khalifa, Najah. "Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders in a Swedish School Population : Prevalence, Clinical Assessment, Background, Psychopathology, and Cognitive Function." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6334.
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Zastrow, Brittany L. "Temperament and Personality Traits as Predictors of Preschool ODD Symptoms, Longitudinal Course, and Impairment." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/47.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is commonly conceptualized as a disorder of negative affect and low effortful control. Currently, it is unclear whether temperament and personality traits associated with negative affect and effortful control can be useful assessment tools for identifying ODD early during development. This study examined the relationship between temperament and personality traits and ODD in a clinical sample of preschoolers. Results suggest that, at this age, temperament and personality traits of negative affect and neuroticism and effortful control and conscientiousness/agreeableness are not associated with one another. High negative affect, low conscientiousness, and low agreeableness were all specifically associated with the angry/irritable (vs. argumentative/defiant, vindictive) ODD symptom domain; however, the traits did not predict change in symptoms over time. Lastly, low conscientiousness predicted ODD-related impairment, while negative affect and agreeableness interacted to predict impairment such low agreeableness appears to be a primary pathway to impairment, and high negative affect appears to be a secondary pathway. Overall, this study suggests high negative affect, low conscientiousness, and low agreeableness are associated with ODD. Early assessment of these traits may be clinically useful in identifying children at risk for ODD, given that they may be early markers for ODD symptoms and impairment.
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Baldock, Wynn P. "Self-efficacy, efficacy appraisal and social skills in children." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53863.
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According to the current literature, dysfunctional social behavior in children is purported to be strongly related to adult behavior problems. Hersen and Bellack (1977) reported that deficits in children's social skills are generally the result of "a deficient learning history, wherein the necessary responses never became a viable part of an individual's repertoire, or the result of the disruptive effects of anxiety that inhibit behavior" (p. 510). Thus, social skills training usually consists of a behavioral-acquisition procedure designed to provide the necessary skills repertoire, promote more skillful response alternatives, and reduce social anxiety.
Based on social learning theory (Rotter, 1972) and Bandura's (1977) theory of self-efficacy, individuals who display dysfunctional social behavior in a given situation may be handicapped by perceived inefficacy, rather than, or in addition to, a lack of appropriate social knowledge of social skill. To date, no research has examined the relative roles of self-efficacy and children's self-efficacy appraisal in producing social skill deficits in either aggressive or withdrawn children.
The purpose of the present research was two-fold: (l) to assess and investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, self-efficacy appraisal skills, and social behavior, and (2) to examine the relative effectiveness of a social skills training group, a social skills plus efficacy appraisal group, and a discussion group in remediating social skill deficits in children judged to exhibit aggressive and withdrawn behaviors in the classroom and on the playground.
In general, the results of the current research failed to support the experimental hypotheses. Nevertheless, posttreatment changes in efficacy appraisal and self-efficacy were obtained, and some differential effects of treatment attributable to status of subject were reported. Unfortunately, however, post-treatment changes on measures of efficacy appraisal and self-efficacy did not generalize to produce subsequent changes in social behavior. Several alternative explanations for these results are discussed.<br>Ph. D.
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Stanger, Sarah Budney. "The Structure of Parent-Child Coping Interactions as a Predictor of Adjustment in Middle Childhood: A Dynamic Systems Perspective." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/933.
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This study applied a contemporary dynamic systems methodology (state space grids) to examine how the structure of parent-child coping interactions, above and beyond the content of such interactions, influences adjustment (i.e., internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and coping efficacy) over time in middle childhood. A community sample of children (N = 65) completed a stressful laboratory task with a parent present, during which parent and child behavior were observed. Parent behavior during the task was coded using a socialization of coping framework. Parents' verbal suggestions to their child about how to cope with the stressful task were coded as primary control engagement suggestions (i.e., suggestions encouraging the child to directly address and attempt to change the stressor or the child's associated emotions), secondary control engagement suggestions (i.e., suggestions encouraging the child to change their own reaction to their stressor), or disengagement suggestions (i.e., suggestions encouraging the child to take their attention away from the stressor). Child coping verbalizations and behavior during the task was coded as either engaging with the stressor or disengaging from the stressor. The structure of the parent-child coping interaction was measured in two ways: (a) dyadic flexibility, defined as the dispersion of parent and child behavior across all possible behaviors and the number of transitions between different parent or child behaviors during the task, and (b) attractor (i.e., parent-focused, child-focused, or dyad-focused interaction pattern) strength, defined as the number of visits, duration per visit, and return time to that interaction pattern. Child adjustment outcomes were measured using parent-report (internalizing and externalizing problems) and child-report (coping efficacy) at baseline and a 6-month follow-up. Linear regression analyses were conducted examining dyadic flexibility and the proposed attractors as predictors of child adjustment, while accounting for demographic variables, attractor content, and adjustment at baseline. Findings suggested that dyadic flexibility in the parent-child coping interaction was largely adaptive for child adjustment, whereas attractor strength demonstrated a more complex relationship with child adjustment outcomes. This study demonstrates the utility of applying state-space grids to examine the structure of parent-child coping interactions, in addition to content, as predictors of child adjustment. Furthermore, this study offers novel, detailed information about coping interactions in families with children in middle childhood. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Pella, Jeffrey Edward. "The effect of social phobia on mothers' cognitions and narrative style : implications for the development of child psychopathology and for correcting distorted cognitions." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542257.
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Mcilwham, Harriet. "Factors influencing treatment outcome in young people with OCD : the relationship between parental psychopathology, parent relationship indicators, child inflated responsibility and OCD symptomology." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48749/.
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Background: Salkovskis et al. (1999) proposed a number of pathways to the development of inflated responsibility and OCD, one of which was based upon the parent-child relationship. More recently, this relationship has also been shown to affect treatment outcome. The aim of the study was to explore how the parent relationship, parent psychopathology, inflated responsibility and OCD symptoms may affect treatment outcome, and consider whether this varied according to parental involvement in treatment. Method: This study used a correlational design. The study used forty young people (aged 12-17) who had previously been enrolled on a randomised controlled trial (RCT) that compared individual and parent-enhanced CBT. Indicators of parental relationship, namely criticism and empathy, were coded from therapy recordings and how these affected treatment outcome within the trial was examined. Coding was based upon established measures of expressed emotion. Results: The results indicated that parental criticism does not play a role in predicting treatment outcome. However, parental empathy did predict treatment outcome, but only when parents were involved in therapy. There were no significant relationships between parental psychopathology and parent relationship indicators, nor did any relationships exist between parental relationship indicators and either inflated responsibility or OCD symptomology, as proposed by Salkvoskis et al. (1999). iii Conclusions: These findings fail to support the assumption that parental criticism is associated with a worse outcome for children and adolescents receiving treatment for OCD. A unique finding is the role parental empathy plays in improved outcome, but only when the parent is involved in treatment. Methodological problems are considered, and the clinical and theoretical implications discussed. Recommendations regarding future research are then considered.