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1
Zaman, Zeeshan U., Dr Tanvir Akhtar, and Dr Shahid Irfan. "Exploring the Causes of Child Abuse in Punjab: Reflections from the Narratives of Child Molesters." Journal of South Asian Studies 10, no. 3 (December 13, 2022): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.010.03.4224.
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The present qualitative study is aimed to explore the role of the lived experiences among child molesters in the urban and rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to find out the basic difference and reasons behind child sexual abuse in urban and rural areas. The present study also contributed to some new insights into the problem. 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted in the selected areas (Jhelum Gujrat). The content validity of the interview guide was checked through the expert opinion of the ethical committee in the field of qualitative research. The purposive sampling technique was used to include child molesters in the study. Respondents pointed out the role of their own lived experiences in child molestation. Some of them have reported that they had faced child abuse in childhood and some of them pointed out that it has happened incidentally. The study suggests that every individual has his own personal schemas of sex experiences which led them toward child molestation. There are huge socio-economic and developmental differences in child molesters of urban and rural areas.
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Ricci, Ronald J., and Cheryl A. Clayton. "Trauma Resolution Treatment as an Adjunct to Standard Treatment for Child Molesters A Qualitative Study." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 2, no. 1 (March 2008): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.41.
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A literature review of current treatment models for child molesters and contemporary theories of etiology suggests a gap between theory and practice. Despite emerging recognition of the importance of addressing etiological issues in sexual offender treatment, many programs resist addressing the trauma sequelae of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in those sex offenders where it is present. Adding trauma treatment to standard sexual offender treatment was identified as a means to closing some of that gap. Ten child molesters with reported histories of CSA were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Subsequent to adding this trauma resolution component, there was improvement on all six subscales of the Sex Offender Treatment Rating Scale as well as decreased idiosyncratic deviant arousal as measured by the penile plethysmograph. The current study reviews qualitative data collected during treatment and at posttreatment interviews.
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Hart-Kerkhoffs, L. ’t, R. Vermeiren, L. Jansen, and T. Doreleijers. "Juvenile sex offenders: Mental health and reoffending." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73780-4.
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BackgroundJuvenile sex offending all too often is the reason of public commotion and concern. About 20% of all rapes and 20–50% of cases of child abuse are perpetrated by juveniles. However little is known on the psychiatric characteristics and recidivism rates of these youths. In the present study the prevalence of psychopathology in (subgroups of) juvenile sex offenders and its relation with criminal recidivism two to four years later were investigated.MethodsSemi-structured psychiatric interviews (K-SADS-PL) and a parent-report questionnaire (CSBQ) were carried out with 106 adolescent sex offenders (mean age 15.0 ± 1.5 years, 60 group offenders, 27 solo rapists, and 19 child molesters) referred to the Dutch child protection agency and juvenile justice institutions. Recidivism was ascertained from registration systems.ResultsThree quarters of juvenile sex offenders met criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder and comorbidity was found in more than half of the subjects. Child molesters showed the highest rates of internalizing disorders and showed most pronounced autism spectrum disorder core symptomatology. Forty percent of juvenile sex offenders had committed multiple sexual offenses, but none recidivated sexually within the 2–4 years after the study. Compared to one time sex offenders, multiple sex offenders were higher in DBD and anxiety disorder.ConclusionChild and adolescent psychiatric care should be given to juvenile sex offenders, with particular attention to multiple sex offenders and child molesters. However, the predictive value of psychopathology for sexual recidivism remains unclear and warrants further research.
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Ivey, Gavin, and Peta Simpson. "The Psychological Life of Paedophiles: A Phenomenological Study." South African Journal of Psychology 28, no. 1 (March 1998): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639802800103.
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Quantitative research on paedophiles does not capture the psychological meaning of child sexual molestation for the perpetrators. This qualitative study attempted to address this aspect by exploring the subjective meaning of paedophilic experience for identified child molesters. Data derived from transcribed open-ended interviews with six identified paedophiles were analysed using an empirical phenomenological methodology. The results challenge traditional stereotypes of child molesters, and show this sample of paedophilic behaviour to originate from a range of non-sexual motives primarily related to unmet childhood needs for parental affection and affirmation. In this group, pervasive feelings of inadequacy and rejection, stemming from motionally neglectful or abusive parenting, results in the paedophile-to-be renouncing the dangerous world of adult sexuality, and turning to children as substitute sources of emotional and physical intimacy. The paedophile misinterprets children's emotional responsiveness as erotic interest, and takes great risks in his compulsive sexual pursuit of children. The child's gender is unimportant as the paedophile is driven primarily by the need for affirmation and affection. Although he avoids physically hurting his victims, the paedophile is unable to acknowledge that they might be psychologically harmed by his actions.
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ABEL, GENE G., SUZANN S. LAWRY, ELISABETH KARLSTROM, CANDICE A. OSBORN, and CHARLES F. GILLESPIE. "Screening Tests for Pedophilia." Criminal Justice and Behavior 21, no. 1 (March 1994): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854894021001008.
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Child molesters frequently position themselves in organizations so as to easily access children. Interviews for applicants of such positions, psychological tests, home visits to applicants' residences, criminal record checks for prior convictions, and letters of reference have all been used in an attempt to identify applicants with proclivities toward pedophilia, but none of these methodologies have been validated. The standard methods for reporting the effectiveness of screening tests are reviewed with special emphasis on the sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of such testing, within the context of the prevalence of various diseases being screened for. Volumetric and circumferential phallometry have relatively high efficiencies, but their intrusiveness, cost, and the length of the assessment process preclude their use as a screening methodology for pedophiles within organizations. The efficiency of a new, less intrusive, screening methodology, the Abel Screen, compares favorably with phallometry in identifying those at risk for involvement with prepubescent and pubescent boys. The risk of applicants accessing boys in institutional settings could be significantly reduced by using the Abel Screen in such settings.
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Banham, Vicki, Alfred Allan, Jennifer Bergman, and Jasmin Jau. "Acknowledging Children’s Voice and Participation in Family Courts: Criteria that Guide Western Australian Court Consultants." Social Inclusion 5, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i3.964.
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The Australian family courts introduced Child Inclusive Conferencing after the country adopted the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The legislation governing these conferences is minimalistic but the Family Court Consultants in the Family Court of Australia and the Federal Circuit Court have well-developed and documented guidelines. The Family Court of Western Australia is, however, a separate entity and in the absence of regulatory guidelines its Family Consultants developed their own process and criteria. This model is unique, in Australia at least, because it has been organically developed by the practitioners providing the Child Inclusive Conferences with very little, if any, statutory and regulatory guidance. This model therefore serves as an example of how practitioners think child inclusive services should be offered. The model is, however, not documented and the aim of this study was to understand and document Family Consultants’ decision making regarding if and when they will conduct a Child Inclusive Conference in the Family Court of Western Australia. Ten Family Consultants were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was conducted on the transcripts of the interviews identifying 12 themes. Overall the data suggested that Family Consultants take into account a range of criteria and although they were very cognisant of the importance for the child to be engaged in decision making they noted specific challenges regarding how they could use Child Inclusive Conferencing to do this. These findings provide a basis for the development of regulations that ensure that Child Inclusive Conferences are used optimally to improve the inclusion of children in the family court procedures in Western Australia and potentially elsewhere. Further research is, however, necessary before such regulations can be finalised.
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Oates, Fiona. "Barriers and solutions: Australian Indigenous practitioners on addressing disproportionate representation of Indigenous Australian children known to statutory child protection." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 16, no. 3 (August 8, 2020): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180120948274.
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The rate of Indigenous child removal in Australia has been referred to as an epidemic. With numbers predicted to increase in the near to medium future exploring alternative ways to engage Indigenous children and families is critical. This article outlines the views of Indigenous practitioners collected as part of a doctoral study exploring the experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander practitioners who undertake child protection work in Australia. Practitioner narratives were elicited by way of qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews. The narratives of practitioners identify barriers in contemporary statutory child protection practices that may contribute to the disproportionate representation of Indigenous children in the statutory child protection system. Potential solutions offered by practitioners including cultural supervision for non-Indigenous practitioners are also outlined. The narratives of participants indicate that Indigenous practitioner-led policy, practice, training and programme design is critical to addressing the escalating rates of Indigenous child removal in Australia.
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Douglas, Heather, and Tamara Walsh. "Continuing the Stolen Generations: Child Protection Interventions and Indigenous People." International Journal of Children’s Rights 21, no. 1 (2013): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181812x639288.
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Indigenous Australian children are significantly over-represented in out of home care. Figures evidencing this over-representation continue to increase at a startling rate. Similar experiences have been identified among native peoples in Canada, the United States and New Zealand. Drawing on interviews with lawyers who work with Indigenous parents in child protection matters in Queensland, Australia, this article examines how historical factors, discriminatory approaches and legal structures and processes contribute to the high rates of removal and, we argue, to the perpetuation of the stolen generations.
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Drury-Hudson, Julie. "Maintaining links: Resource demands and social work attitudes in respect to parent–child access in a statutory child welfare agency." Children Australia 20, no. 1 (1995): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004338.
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This paper investigates the demands on social work resources in the north east region of the Department For Family and Community Services in South Australia, and examines the attitudes of workers to the question of access. Twenty three social workers, working predominantly in Child and Family Teams, were interviewed. A two part questionnaire was devised. The initial data covered information relating to the frequency, duration and supervision of access visits. The second part of the questionnaire used a semi-structured, open-ended format in order to explore social workers' knowledge and values in respect to access. The results of these interviews are presented and the implications for policy and practice in relation to statutory social work are discussed.
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Maadad, Nina, and Marizon Yu. "Conceptualising Refugee Girls’ Perspectives on Education, Child Marriage and Life in Lebanon, Australia and Sweden." Education and Society 40, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/es/40.1.02.
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This article explores the education experiences of Syrian and Iraqi refugee children, specifically girls, enrolled in high schools in Australia, Lebanon and Sweden. Symbolic interactionism frames the analysis of in-depth interviews, demonstrating the adolescent girls’ ability to take perspectives on their home environment, school, community and life experiences. Influenced by socialisation to these environments, the article asserts that refugee girls have defined their situations, developed their own personal perspectives and adjusted their behaviour in line with others. Additionally, this paper reinforces the analytical framework regarding refugee girls’ schooling experiences through critical pedagogy by recognising the nature of their educational disadvantage.
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Liamputtong, Pranee. "Childrearing Practices and Child Health among the Hmong in Australia: Implications for Health Services." International Journal of Health Services 32, no. 4 (October 2002): 817–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ttlq-yc48-gtvq-3djh.
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This study of cultural beliefs and practices related to childrearing and child health among the Hmong in Melbourne, Australia, used in-depth interviews and participant observation of 27 Hmong mothers and some Hmong traditional healers between 1993 and 1998. Traditional Hmong beliefs and practices include: taking notice of the birth date and time, placing a silver necklace on the newborn, not praising the newborn, not taking the infant out during the first 30 days, breastfeeding, the infant's sharing a bed with the parents, and a soul-calling ceremony on the third day after birth. All Hmong mothers follow cultural beliefs and practices to prevent the ill-health or death of their newborn infants, but some aspects of these practices have had to be modified to suit the new living environment in Australia. Health care professionals need to acknowledge the different ways of caring for a young child among the Hmong so as to avoid misunderstandings and to provide sensitive care. Hmong beliefs and practices also have implications for health promotion campaigns and can be a valuable source of ideas in the efforts to promote infant health and reduce infant deaths in Australia and elsewhere.
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Dozois, Jean. "Adolescent et agresseur sexuel : bilan d’une recherche." Criminologie 27, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017356ar.
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The purpose of this research project was to gain a better knowledge of juvenile sex offenders in the Montreal area. Do they present differences or similarities with other subjects from studies made in the United States? Can we improve our assessment techniques to better differentiate those who should be treated in a closed setting from those who could benefit from a follow-up in the community? And how does our juvenile justice system deal with this type of offender? In order to find answers to these issues, ten (10) in-depth interviews with personality measures were conducted with juveniles who admitted (or were convicted of) sexual abuse. Moreover, a study of fifty (50) files from the Social Services relating to the same kind of behavior was done in the Montreal area. Our results are similar to other studies made elsewhere : those who where convicted of rape or child molesting committed their first (official) offense at a mean age of 14.5 years and 60 % of their victims were females of an average age of 9. For 38 % of our sample, the sexual offense is part of an heterogenous criminal career. Our personnality measures failed to differentiate between child molesters and rapists. However, on the Jesness Inventory, our ten subjects had high scores on the SM (Social Maladjustment) scale, and on AI (Asocial Index). One other significant finding was that the personnel involved with assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders had to get a better knowledge of the dynamics involved with such offenses to record basic information (victim's age, the exact nature of the behavior and the type of violence involved) and recommend appropriate treatment.
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George, Ajesh, Margaret H. Vickers, Lesley Wilkes, and Belinda Barton. "Working and caring for a child with chronic illness: Barriers in achieving work-family balance." Journal of Management & Organization 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200003473.
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AbstractThis paper shares some findings from the initial, qualitative stage of a larger, national study currently being undertaken in Australia, exploring the experiences of parents who are working full-time and caring for a child with chronic illness. The findings highlight the limited support that most parents receive in their workplace, especially from employers. In-depth interviews revealed the negative and unsupportive attitude that employers had towards these parents. The provision of flexible work arrangements and leave entitlements, which were critical supports for these parents, were rarely offered by employers. Respondents reported high levels of frustration and difficulty balancing their dual roles.
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George, Ajesh, Margaret H. Vickers, Lesley Wilkes, and Belinda Barton. "Working and caring for a child with chronic illness: Barriers in achieving work-family balance." Journal of Management & Organization 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2008.14.1.59.
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AbstractThis paper shares some findings from the initial, qualitative stage of a larger, national study currently being undertaken in Australia, exploring the experiences of parents who are working full-time and caring for a child with chronic illness. The findings highlight the limited support that most parents receive in their workplace, especially from employers. In-depth interviews revealed the negative and unsupportive attitude that employers had towards these parents. The provision of flexible work arrangements and leave entitlements, which were critical supports for these parents, were rarely offered by employers. Respondents reported high levels of frustration and difficulty balancing their dual roles.
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Tao, Xiangyi, and Robyn Ewing. "Images of the child in preschool music education: Case studies in Australia and China." International Journal of Music in Early Childhood 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijmec_00002_1.
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This article explores images of young children in preschool music curricula in an Australian and a Chinese preschool. The ‘images of the child’ relevant to each country are presented by including children’s voices, teachers’ perceptions of children’s personalities and their ways of learning, and children’s roles in learning as designated in official documents on early childhood education. Framed by a sociocultural perspective, this qualitative case study responds to the changing contexts of early childhood music education (ECME) in both countries. Crystallization as a methodological lens is applied to shed light on the variations and complexities from the teachers’ and the children’s perspectives. Data-gathering methods include document analysis, classroom observations, teachers’ interviews and conversations with children. This article particularly reflects the images and experiences of the children through their own lenses and enriches the scope of current ECME research.The main findings suggest the existence of both alignment and gaps, in varying degrees, between the official policy documents, the teachers’ perceptions, and the children’s understandings of their musical experiences. First, images of the child in the policy articles are interpreted differently in Australia and China, and there is a marked difference between the countries in their definitions of child-centred learning in specific contexts. Finally, implications and directions for future research are suggested to facilitate children’s musical exploration in preschools.
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Mander, David J. "Enabling Voice: Aboriginal Parents, Experiences and Perceptions of Sending a Child to Boarding School in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 44, no. 2 (September 28, 2015): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2015.21.
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This study explored the experience of having a child educated away from home at boarding school for Aboriginal parents living in regional and remote communities in Western Australia (WA). In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 participants and thematic analysis found the following major themes emerged from the data: (1) Access, Standards and Quality, and the subthemes of Declining Local Schools, Opportunity, and Worldliness; (2) Parental Agency and the subthemes of Parent-School Connection, Parenting Style, Communication, and Milestones and Siblings and; (3) Cultural Heritage and the subtheme of Maintenance and Transmission. The findings are described and then discussed in terms of practice implications relevant to boarding schools in WA. Limitations of the current study are acknowledged and directions for future research are proposed.
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Fletcher, Richard, Eileen Dowse, Jennifer St George, and Tara Payling. "Mental health screening of fathers attending early parenting services in Australia." Journal of Child Health Care 21, no. 4 (September 26, 2017): 498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493517732166.
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Paternal perinatal depression and anxiety is a common, though under-recognized mental health condition experienced by men during their transition to fatherhood. An opportunity to screen for paternal mental health issues occurs when parents present for assistance with the care of their baby at early parenting services (EPSs). There are 10 EPSs located across Australia that provide specialist, multidisciplinary interventions to support parents experiencing complex parenting difficulties. Using structured telephone interviews, this qualitative study explored the views of 18 professional staff from nine EPSs regarding screening, referral processes and acceptability of screening fathers for mental health issues. A thematic analysis revealed that most EPSs screened fathers for depression. Participants agreed screening was important and that routine approaches to screening would help normalize the process for both men and services. Despite this, no uniform, comprehensive approach to identifying the mental health needs of fathers was found. EPSs provide a unique opportunity to address the mental health needs of fathers. Results from this study point to the need for a national approach to the development of father-specific screening guidelines for EPSs to improve family well-being, in parallel to those informing the Australian National Perinatal Mental Health Initiative for mothers.
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Lindsay, Jo, and Deborah Dempsey. "First names and social distinction: Middle-class naming practices in Australia." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317690925.
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Naming practices provide a novel way to explore contemporary gender and class processes in Australia. Names are important everyday symbols of social location and signify family history, gender, class, ethnicity and religion. In an individualised society a name is the ultimate personal ‘brand’ and is used to locate children in social space. In this article we draw on qualitative interviews with 41 parents to focus on class and gender distinctions in naming practices. Naming a child was considered to be an important responsibility and names were viewed as central to identity and social classification. Through our exploration of naming preferences and judgements by middle-class parents, contemporary processes of social distinction come to light. Discussion of name choices illustrated parental aspirations and fears and the drawing of symbolic class-, gender- and sexuality-based cultural boundaries in Australia.
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Tohvelmann, Mari-Liis, and Kristjan Kask. "From Child to Adult Victims and Witnesses: Ways of Improving the Quality of Investigative Interviews." Juridica International 31 (October 25, 2022): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2022.31.10.
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Witness statements are important piece of evidence in criminal proceedings. Investigative interviews with witnesses are conducted in various stages of the investigative process, and the person conducting the investigative interview must take into account internal and external factors, that influence the quality of witnesses’ statements. The paper gives a systematic overview of the ways of improving the quality of investigative interviews of adult witnesses carried out by investigators, on the basis of a survey of the literature available from continental Europe but also Common Law countries (such as the UK, the US, and Australia). Even though detailed instructions and in-depth training programmes are available, today’s training consists largely of theoretical classroom lectures of a short-term nature that feature minimal practical tasks. Teaching methods of this type are effective in increasing knowledge but fail to transfer the knowledge into practice. Accordingly, the authors found that the training should be more practically oriented, have a longer duration, and incorporate personalised feedback in order to situate the knowledge in practice. In addition, several new computer-based approaches have been developed to help overcome the limitations identified. These provide a more personalised and flexible approach to learning, yet room still exists for further development. The paper concludes by addressing how work in the field of interviewing child and adult witnesses could develop in the future.
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Falkiner, Meredith, Donald Thomson, and Andrew Day. "Teachers’ Understanding and Practice of Mandatory Reporting of Child Maltreatment." Children Australia 42, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2016.53.
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Across the eight jurisdictions of Australia, mandatory reporting obligations and thresholds for reporting vary. Teachers are one group of the professionals who are mandated to report child maltreatment, yet some teachers are still reluctant to make such a report. This paper examines the barriers that discourage teachers from reporting child maltreatment and also whether teachers consider it necessary to question a child about the maltreatment before they decide if a report should be made. Thirty semi-structured interviews with Victorian primary school teachers were thematically analysed and revealed that inadequate and inconsistent mandatory reporting training, the need for certainty before initiating a report and the ambiguous concept of neglect were barriers to teachers identifying and reporting child maltreatment. Analyses further revealed that teachers gather evidence to confirm or disconfirm their suspicions of maltreatment by questioning the suspected child victim. The consequences of this practice are discussed along with recommendations to help overcome the barriers to making a formal report when child maltreatment is suspected.
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Westcott, Harriett, and Shanti Robertson. "Childcare, Mobility Decisions and ‘Staggered’ Migration." Migration, Mobility, & Displacement 3, no. 1 (August 24, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/mmd31201717075.
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Migration to Australia is increasingly ‘multi-step’ or ‘staggered’ (Robertson 2013), often involving extended periods on temporary visas before permanent residency is achieved. This paper explores how the uncertainty around long-term migration outcomes that structure staggered migration impacts on how migrants’ make decisions about mobility that concern their children and their care. This paper utilises data from in-depth narrative interviews with Asian migrants in Australia who have experienced ‘staggered’ migration across multiple visa categories. It explores three key mobility decisions migrants make around children: bringing their children to Australia; mobility of families and family members for child-care arrangements; and considering their children’s future mobility and citizenship. We argue that multiple factors come into play in these decisions about children, mobility and care. Specific policy constraints of temporary visas (such as lack of access to subsidised social services or family reunion) shape options, but migrants’ overall sense of social and economic security in the long-term is also significant.<br /><br />
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Keen, Caroline, Alan France, and Ronald Kramer. "Exposing children to pornography: How competing constructions of childhood shape state regulation of online pornographic material." New Media & Society 22, no. 5 (September 3, 2019): 857–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819872539.
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This article discusses policy debates in the United Kingdom and Australia concerning the regulation of online pornographic content as it relates to children. Through a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with key stakeholders at the negotiation table, we find that rather than positivist notions of the ‘developing’ and ‘vulnerable’ child dominating policy discourse, post-modern representations of the ‘savvy’ and ‘agentic’ child have come to dominate policy culture and outcomes. In this scenario, the regulatory role of states in providing media protection is diminished, while neoliberal forms of governance that emphasise the responsibility of individuals, including parents and children, have come to dominate the emerging policy landscape.
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Parker, E. J., G. Misan, M. Shearer, L. Richards, A. Russell, H. Mills, and L. M. Jamieson. "Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating a Program to Address the Oral Health Needs of Aboriginal Children in Port Augusta, Australia." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/496236.
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Aboriginal Australian children experience profound oral health disparities relative to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. In response to community concerns regarding Aboriginal child oral health in the regional town of Port Augusta, South Australia, a child dental health service was established within a Community Controlled Aboriginal Health Service. A partnership approach was employed with the key aims of (1) quantifying rates of dental service utilisation, (2) identifying factors influencing participation, and (3) planning and establishing a program for delivery of Aboriginal children’s dental services that would increase participation and adapt to community needs. In planning the program, levels of participation were quantified and key issues identified through semistructured interviews. After 3.5 years, the participation rate for dental care among the target population increased from 53 to 70 percent. Key areas were identified to encourage further improvements and ensure sustainability in Aboriginal child oral health in this regional location.
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Hamilton, Sharynne, Deborah Cleland, and Valerie Braithwaite. "‘Why can’t we help protect children too?’ Stigma by association among community workers in child protection and its consequences." Community Development Journal 55, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 452–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsz004.
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Abstract Community workers provide critical support services to parents and families with children who may be placed in out-of-home care by child protection authorities. Drawing on in-depth interviews with fifteen community workers, who represent nine agencies assisting families with child protection issues in a small jurisdiction in Australia, we show how the stigma attached to ‘bad’ parents is passed on to the community workers who are supporting them. The ‘stigma by association’ directed at community workers by child protection authorities means they are stereotyped negatively, undermined professionally and socially excluded. In spite of such stigmatic treatment, community workers remained committed to their professional role. Although workers were frustrated and disappointed in the treatment they received, there was no open acknowledgment of stigma-induced poor mental health. The results are interpreted within a broader social context where child protection authorities are being constantly reviewed and criticized in Australia. The support that community workers give to each other as frontline defenders of families against a powerful and publicly criticized government authority may allow community workers to construe themselves as heroes rather than villains in this highly adversarial environment. The costs play out at the institutional level, however, because reduced trust limits opportunities for genuine collaboration between government and community organizations.
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Gill, Amy, and Grace Oakley. "Agency Workers’ Perceptions of Cross-System Collaboration to Support Students in Out-of-Home Care." Children Australia 43, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.1.
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Children and young people in out-of-home care (OOHC) experience a wide range of educational issues at rates disproportionate to their peers. Collaboration between child protection and education systems is critical to addressing unique educational needs within this cohort. This article presents a qualitative case study investigating child protection workers’ perceptions of their work with primary and high school educators in Western Australia. Methods included policy analysis and in-depth interviews with a purposeful sample of 11 Case Workers and Education Officers employed by The Department for Child Protection and Family Support in metropolitan, regional and remote locations in Western Australia. Overall, participants reported that a jointly established Memorandum of Understanding had helped strengthen mutual accountability for education planning to support students in OOHC. However, difficulties obtaining Documented Education Plans and limited access to supplementary educational supports within both systems were considerable sources of tension. An adaptation of Whittington's (2003) Two-Stage Model of Collaboration illustrates the hierarchical nature of the influences on cross-system collaboration in the present study. While the size of the study limited its scope to one stakeholder group, the study offers frontline insights that may inform the development of future education and child protection agency initiatives.
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Xiong, Xueying, and Hoon Han. "Will my parents come to Australia when retired? Later-life transnational migration intentions of Chinese parents." Australian Population Studies 4, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v4i2.68.
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Background China is the second largest source country of immigrants to Australia every year. The elderly parents of these working-age immigrants in Australia usually visit their children on a tourist visa, which allows short term family gatherings. These visits do not require much effort. However, when it comes to long-term transnational migration, the decision becomes hard to make and often involves complex factors, such as personal preferences and lifestyle choices.
Aims This paper aims to examine the later-life transnational migration intentions of elderly Chinese parents and how the parents’ intentions are affected by personal preferences, personality and lifestyle differences between the generations.
Data and methods This paper uses data from a two-stage study including an online survey and semi-structured interviews conducted in Sydney from October 2018 to May 2019 with both caregivers (adult children who are first-generation immigrants living in Australia) and their elderly parents.
Results The study found that external contributors such as language barriers and transport dependence in Australia, and existing social ties as well as another adult child living in China, have a negative influence on moving to Australia.
Conclusions Elderly parents with an optimistic and outgoing personality are more likely to consider moving to Australia compared to those who are more conservative. Foremost, conflicts due to different lifestyles between the generations reduces the possibility of parents’ later-life migration to Australia.
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Leach, Chelsea, Martine B. Powell, Stefanie J. Sharman, and Jeromy Anglim. "The Relationship Between Children’s Age and Disclosures of Sexual Abuse During Forensic Interviews." Child Maltreatment 22, no. 1 (October 26, 2016): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559516675723.
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Children’s disclosures of sexual abuse during forensic interviews are fundamental to the investigation of cases. Research examining the relationship between age and disclosure has shown mixed results; the aim of the current study was to clarify and extend our knowledge by modeling linear, quadratic, and interaction effects of age on disclosure. Child sexual abuse reports made by children, their caregivers, or mandated reporters over a 12-month period to police in one state of Australia were examined. Of the 527 children (age range 3–16 years) offered a forensic interview, 81% disclosed abuse during it. The other 19% did not disclose or refused the interview. Age had both linear and quadratic effects, whereby disclosure increased with age until 11 years, after which disclosure decreased with age to 16 years. The effect of age on disclosure was moderated by five variables: abuse severity, the child–suspect relationship, suspects’ violence histories, delay of report to police, and children’s previous disclosures. Particular groups of children had lower likelihoods of disclosing abuse in forensic interviews than others, such as adolescents who alleged abuse against suspects with histories of violent offending. By identifying these groups, targeted strategies may be developed to help increase their disclosure rates.
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Adams, Catina, Leesa Hooker, and Angela Taft. "Threads of Practice: Enhanced Maternal and Child Health Nurses Working With Women Experiencing Family Violence." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 8 (January 2021): 233339362110517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23333936211051703.
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Family violence is a serious public health issue with significant health consequences for women and children. Enhanced Maternal and Child Health nurses (EMCH) in Victoria, Australia, work with women experiencing family violence; however, scholarly examination of the clinical work of nurses has not occurred. This qualitative study explored how EMCH nurses work with women experiencing abuse, describing the personal and professional challenges for nurses undertaking family violence work. Twenty-five nurses participated in semi-structured interviews. Using interpretive description methodology has enabled an insight into nurses' family violence work. Threads of practice identified included (1) Validating/Reframing; (2) Non-judgmental support/Safeguarding and (3) Following/Leading. The nurses highlighted the diversity of experience for women experiencing abuse and nurses' roles in family violence nurse practice. The research contributes to understanding how EMCH nurses traverse threads of practice to support women experiencing family violence.
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Makama, Maureen, Mingling Chen, Lisa J. Moran, Helen Skouteris, Cheryce L. Harrison, Tammie Choi, and Siew Lim. "Postpartum Women’s Preferences for Lifestyle Intervention after Childbirth: A Multi-Methods Study Using the TIDieR Checklist." Nutrients 14, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 4229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204229.
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Postpartum lifestyle interventions are known to be efficacious in reducing postpartum weight retention, but uptake and engagement are poor. This multi-method study explored the preferences of postpartum women for the delivery of lifestyle interventions based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 women within 2 years of childbirth, recruited through convenience and snowball sampling throughout Australia (15 May 2020 to 20 July 2020). Transcripts were analysed thematically using an open coding approach. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in November 2021 among postpartum women within 5 years of childbirth in Australia. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. The survey was completed by 520 women. Both the survey and interviews revealed that women were interested in receiving lifestyle support postpartum and wanted a program delivered by health professionals. They preferred a flexible low-intensity program embedded within existing maternal and child health services that is delivered through both online and face-to-face sessions. Having a pragmatic approach that taught practical strategies and enlists the support of partners, family and peers was important to mothers. Consumer-informed postpartum lifestyle interventions promote optimal engagement and improve program reach and therefore, impact.
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Wilkinson, Aoife. "Forfeiting Citizenship, Forfeiting Identity? Multiethnic and Multiracial Japanese Youth in Australia and the Japanese Nationality Law." New Voices in Japanese Studies 12 (August 17, 2020): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nvjs.12.02.
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The rising fame of multiethnic and multiracial or ‘mixed’ celebrities in Japan, such as tennis player Naomi Osaka, has brought into focus the roles of Japan’s Nationality Law and understandings of nationality and citizenship in shaping identity. According to Article 14 of Japan’s Nationality Law, persons holding multiple nationalities must choose to forfeit all but one before the age of 22. In this article I aim to address how multiethnic and multiracial youths of Japanese descent in Australia are approaching the ambiguities surrounding their citizenship and nationality rights. To do so I will closely examine to what extent the Nationality Law affects their future decisions and identities by drawing upon evidence from in-depth interviews I conducted with mixed Japanese youth who are the child of one Japanese parent and one non-Japanese parent and live in Australia. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital, I argue that mixed Japanese youth in Australia perceive citizenship less as an agent of identity and more as an index of socioeconomic opportunity. My findings demonstrate that these individuals actively strive to maintain their dual citizenship and strategically align their cultural capital to realise meaningful cross-cultural careers that communicate between Australia, Japan, and their own mixed identities.
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Edwards, Mary E., Eyal Gringart, and Deirdre Drake. "“Getting Rid of the Dog”: Adult Recall of a Childhood Experience." Society & Animals 27, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341545.
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AbstractDog relinquishment is common practice across Australia and in many other countries. The psychological impact of dog relinquishment is an under-researched area. While a few studies have shown that the dog relinquishment experience can be emotionally distressing and cognitively challenging for adults, nothing is known about the impact of the experience on children. This paper reports on the recollections of 10 adults, who in qualitative interviews in Western Australia, described their childhood experience of dog relinquishment. The findings suggest that children experiencing dog relinquishment feel powerless and voiceless, having no influence or say in what happens to their dogs. The experience can be cognitively and emotionally distressing, especially for children who are close to their dogs. Getting rid of a child’s loved dog can damage the parent-child relationship. In addition, the thoughts and feelings associated with losing their dogs in this way can remain long after the event.
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Aydin, Gozde, Claire Margerison, Anthony Worsley, and Alison Booth. "Parents’ Communication with Teachers about Food and Nutrition Issues of Primary School Students." Children 9, no. 4 (April 4, 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9040510.
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Parents and teachers have a major influence in the formation of primary school children’s eating behaviours. Although the cooperation of parents and teachers has frequently been recommended in the promotion of healthy eating habits among primary school children, little is known about the communication between these two groups regarding food- and nutrition-related issues. This paper reports findings from semi-structured interviews with primary school parents (n = 19) and primary teachers (n = 17), as well as findings from a survey of 787 parents in Australia. Audio-recorded interviews were analysed using NVivo and descriptive statistics were calculated for the survey questions. The results indicated that their communications involved various topics, including allergies, lunchbox content, and supervision requests, through diverse communication channels. The risk of offending each other and time scarcity were reported as communication barriers. Parents mainly expected teachers to ensure that their children were given enough time to eat their lunch, teach healthy eating, and be good role models of healthy eating. This study highlights the need to overcome communication barriers between parents and teachers and support teachers in their multifaceted professional roles.
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Burns, Emily. "More Than Clinical Waste? Placenta Rituals Among Australian Home-Birthing Women." Journal of Perinatal Education 23, no. 1 (2014): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.23.1.41.
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The discursive construction of the human placenta varies greatly between hospital and home-birthing contexts. The former, driven by medicolegal discourse, defines the placenta as clinical waste. Within this framework, the placenta is as much of an afterthought as it is considered the “afterbirth.” In home-birth practices, the placenta is constructed as a “special” and meaningful element of the childbirth experience. I demonstrate this using 51 in-depth interviews with women who were pregnant and planning home births in Australia or had recently had home births in Australia. Analysis of these interviews indicates that the discursive shift taking place in home-birth practices from the medicalized model translates into a richer understanding and appreciation of the placenta as a spiritual component of the childbirth experience. The practices discussed in this article include the burial of the placenta beneath a specifically chosen plant, consuming the placenta, and having a lotus birth, which refers to not cutting the umbilical cord after the birth of the child but allowing it to dry naturally and break of its own accord. By shifting focus away from the medicalized frames of reference in relation to the third stage of labor, the home-birthing women in this study have used the placenta in various rituals and ceremonies to spiritualize an aspect of birth that is usually overlooked.
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Death, Jodi. "Identity, Forgiveness and Power in the Management of Child Sexual Abuse by Personnel in Christian Institutions." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v2i1.92.
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The ongoing crises of child sexual abuse by Christian institutions leaders across the Anglophone world continue to attract public attention and public inquiries. The pervasiveness of this issue lends credence to the argument that the prevailing ethos functioning within some Christian Institutions is one which exercises influence to repeatedly mismanage allegations of child sexual abuse by Church leaders. This work draws on semi-structured interviews conducted with 15 Personnel in Christian Institutions (PICIs) in Australia who were identified as being pro-active in their approach to addressing child sexual abuse by PICIs. From these data, themes of power and forgiveness are explored through a Foucaultian conceptualising of pastoral power and ‘truth’ construction. Forgiveness is viewed as a discourse which can have the power effect of either silencing or empowering victim/survivors. The study concludes that individual PICIs’ understandings of the role of power in their praxis influences outcomes from the deployment of forgiveness.
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Thomas, Susan, Helen Higgins, Julie Leask, Lisa Menning, Katrine Habersaat, Peter Massey, Kathryn Taylor, Patrick Cashman, and David N. Durrheim. "Improving child immunisation rates in a disadvantaged community in New South Wales, Australia: a process evaluation for research translation." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 4 (2019): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19016.
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The World Health Organization’s Tailoring Immunization Programmes approach was used to develop a new strategy to increase child vaccination coverage in a disadvantaged community in New South Wales, Australia, including reminders, outreach and home visiting. After 18 months, the strategy hasn’t been fully implemented. A process evaluation was conducted to identify barriers and facilitators for research translation. Participants included child health nurses, Population Health staff, managers and general practitioners. The Capability–Opportunity–Motivation model of behaviour change (COM-B) was used to develop questions. Twenty-four participants took part in three focus groups and four interviews. Five themes emerged: (i) designing and adopting new ways of working is time-consuming and requires new skills, new ways of thinking and changes in service delivery; (ii) genuine engagement and interaction across fields and institutions helps build capacity and strengthen motivation; (iii) implementation of a new strategy requires clarity; who’s doing what, when and how?; (iv) it is important not to lose sight of research findings related to the needs of disadvantaged families; and (v) trust in the process and perseverance are fundamental. There was strong motivation and opportunity for change, but a need to enhance service capability. Areas requiring support and resources were identified.
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Oates, Fiona, and Kaylene Malthouse. "Working for the Welfare: Support and Supervision Needs of Indigenous Australian Child Protection Practitioners." Social Sciences 10, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080277.
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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are disproportionately represented in all parts of the child protection system in Australia. The recruitment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander practitioners into child protection systems to work with Indigenous families at risk underpins the government strategy to reduce this over-representation. However, little is known about the experiences of Indigenous people who undertake child protection work or what their support and supervision needs may be. This research is centered on Indigenous Australian child protection practitioners as experts in their own experiences and as such includes large excerpts of their own narratives throughout. Practitioner narratives were collected via qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews. Critical theory and decolonising frameworks underpinned the research design. The study found that Indigenous child protection practitioners have a unique place in the families, communities and profession. Many viewed their work in the child protection field as an extension of their Indigeneity. This coupled with the historical experience of state-sanctioned removal of Indigenous children during colonisation and contemporarily, informs the need for child protection workplaces to re-think the support and supervision afforded to Indigenous practitioners.
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Toledano, Sarah Jane, and Kristin Zeiler. "Hosting the others’ child? Relational work and embodied responsibility in altruistic surrogate motherhood." Feminist Theory 18, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700117700048.
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Studies on surrogate motherhood have mostly explored paid arrangements through the lens of a contract model, as clinical work or as a maternal identity-building project. Turning to the under-examined case of unpaid, so-called altruistic surrogate motherhood and based on an analysis of interviews with women who had been unpaid surrogate mothers in a full gestational surrogacy with a friend or relative in Canada, the United States or Australia, this article explores altruistic surrogate motherhood as relational work. It argues that this form of surrogate motherhood within close interpersonal relations can be conceptualised through the relational work involved in hosting a child for the intended parents. The article explores how relational work in this context implies an embodied, asymmetrical and far-reaching sense of responsibility that surrogate mothers describe as characteristic of their surrogacy experience. In this way, the article sheds light on feminist concerns about surrogacy as an embodied and objectifying work of women while at the same time illuminating how surrogate mothers respond to the intended parents in light of their pre-surrogacy relationship, how meanings are negotiated by them and how relationships are managed during the pregnancy.
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Riggs, Damien, and Ryan Ogilvy. "Professional Carer Experiences of Working with Young People in Specialist Care Placements in South Australia." Children Australia 40, no. 4 (January 29, 2015): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.50.
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Despite the emphasis within Australian child protection upon family-based care as the preferred placement option, it has been increasingly recognised that some young people may be best served in specialist care placements, such as residential or therapeutic care. This paper presents a thematic analysis of 20 interviews undertaken with professional carers who, at the time, were working in a specialist care programme in South Australia known as Individual Packages of Care. The analysis suggests that three key issues were at stake for participants: (1) the impact of role conflict between engaging in caring relationships with young people and maintaining professional boundaries; (2) the impact of additional stakeholders (such as mental health professionals) upon the stability of the placement; and (3) the use of restraint as a form of behaviour management. The paper concludes by discussing the interesting relationship identified in the data between caring relationships and the use of restraint, and makes recommendations from the data for issues requiring further consideration with regard to specialist care placements.
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Thorley, Virginia. "Accounts of infant-feeding advice received by mothers: Queensland, Australia, 1945-1965." Nursing Reports 2, no. 1 (October 31, 2012): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nursrep.2012.e12.
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In the period 1945-1965 most women in the state of Queensland, Australia, gave birth in hospitals and thereafter they used a variety of services and individuals for advice on infant feeding. The services available were similar throughout the period. As mothers rarely worked outside the home, being <em>good mothers</em> was important to their identity. In this historical study, telephone interviews and written responses involving 44 mothers and former nurses from every region of this geographically vast state were used in order to investigate sources of personal advice on infant feeding used during this period, mothers’ experience relating to this advice, and the extent to which they followed the advice. The free, nurse-run well-baby clinics and related services conducted by the state’s Maternal and Child Welfare service were the most commonly mentioned services. However, the uptake of advice from this source showed considerable variation as women also drew upon family members, their general practitioners, advice columns, radio broadcasts, other mothers and their own judgment. Only rarely was a specialist pediatrician consulted. A minority of mothers was advised by pharmacists, private baby nurses, or entered residential mothercraft facilities. An important finding is that attendance at the baby clinics did not necessarily equate with compliance, especially as mothers became more experienced.
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Donovan, Leigh A., Penelope J. Slater, Angela M. Delaney, Sarah J. Baggio, and Anthony R. Herbert. "Building capability in paediatric palliative care and enhancing education through the voice of parents: the Quality of Care Collaborative Australia." Palliative Care and Social Practice 16 (January 2022): 263235242211288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26323524221128835.
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Background: The greater proportion of children with a life-limiting condition (LLC) and their families want to remain at home as much as possible. Building capability in paediatric palliative care (PPC) for generalist health and social care professionals in nonmetropolitan regions through the Quality of Care Collaborative Australia (QuoCCA) has improved access to palliative care for families, regardless of where they live. Aim: To understand the experience of families whose child has received specialist PPC, to ensure future service capability development is informed by lived experience. Design: A retrospective, descriptive study in which parents participated in a semi-structured telephone interview guided by Discovery Interview methodology. Inductive thematic analysis identified the major learnings from participants. Participants: Parents caring for a child referred to the specialist PPC service, who received a pop-up visit and whose child is stable or who are more than 6 months bereaved. Results: Eleven parents ( n = 9 mothers; n = 2 fathers) of children with an LLC ( n = 5) or whose child had died ( n = 6) participated in an interview. The overarching themes and subthemes were as follows: (1) burden of suffering, in which parents described grieving for the life once anticipated, confronting many life transitions and seeking quality of life for their child and (2) umbrella of support, in which parents built partnerships with professional support, activated a network of care around their family and sought responses to their whole family’s needs. Conclusion: Parents caring for a child with an LLC described significant personal, familial, social and existential adjustments. This study integrates a relational learning approach with QuoCCA education grounded in the relationships between children, families and professionals. Learning from lived experience in PPC education enhances the preparedness of generalist health and social care professionals to join a child and their family throughout their various life transitions and facilitates the goal to remain at home within their community for as long as possible. Education in PPC is an imperative component of service models, enabling regional services to gain confidence and capability in the context of a dying child and their family, empowered and informed through the voice of the family. Plain Language Summary Enhancing palliative care for children through education informed by the experience of families It is often the wish of many children/young people with a life-limiting condition to stay at home with their families as much as possible. It is important that specialist palliative care services provide training and mentoring to the family’s local care professionals to support the delivery of good care, particularly those in rural and remote areas. This article aims to integrate the lived experience of families with palliative care education, so that the education reflects and addresses the needs that they express. Parents were interviewed by telephone using a method called Discovery Interviews. This is an open interview process, guided by a spine that describes the main points of palliative care. Parents can openly talk about their experience, focusing on the areas that are important to them. Interviews were studied by four researchers, and emerging themes were discussed and summarised. The study included parents whose child/young person was receiving support from specialist palliative care and bereaved parents whose child had died more than 6 months ago. In total, eleven parents (nine mothers and two fathers) were interviewed, five participants had children currently receiving palliative care and six were bereaved. The overarching themes were as follows: Burden of suffering, in which parents described grieving for the life they had expected, confronting transitions and seeking good quality of life for their child. Umbrella of support, in which parents built partnerships with care teams and activated a network of care to address the needs of their whole family. This study allowed the families’ perspectives to be integrated into the palliative care education of care professionals in the family’s local area. The lived experience of families prepared care professionals to support families with the care of their child/young person, allowing them to remain at home as long as possible.
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Dodge, Alexa, and Dale C. Spencer. "Online Sexual Violence, Child Pornography or Something Else Entirely? Police Responses to Non-Consensual Intimate Image Sharing among Youth." Social & Legal Studies 27, no. 5 (August 21, 2017): 636–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663917724866.
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Due to child pornography laws, non-consensual intimate image sharing among youth is subjected to complex legal landscapes in a variety of jurisdictions such as Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. While a growing number of scholars have problematized the use of child pornography charges to respond to these cases, there remains little understanding regarding how the police that enforce these laws conceptualize this issue and how this influences responses to these cases. Drawing from interviews with members of sex crime–related units in police service organizations from across Canada, this article examines how police conceptions of non-consensual intimate image sharing among youth correspond with and/or diverge from legal and critical understandings of this issue. While it is widely understood that online and digitally enabled forms of sexual violence pose unique challenges for police, our research fills a gap in the literature by examining how police themselves understand and respond to these challenges.
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Strnadová, Iva, and David Evans. "Schooling Transitions Within the Lifespan of People With an Intellectual Disability: Perceptions and Recommendations of Ageing Mothers." Australasian Journal of Special Education 37, no. 1 (May 14, 2013): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2013.7.
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In this paper the authors examine the perceptions of mothers about the schooling transitions, including transitions to postschool options, made by their adult child with an intellectual disability (ID). Twenty mothers of an adult child with an ID living in New South Wales, Australia, and the Czech Republic, aged 48 years or older, were recruited to participate in this study. Mothers were interviewed following a semistructured protocol. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim, and analysed using a constant comparison analytic approach.The experiences and issues faced by mothers at differing transitions of their adult child with an ID will be discussed, including issues of school selection, lifelong planning, and engaging with professionals. Common and unique themes within and between each country will be drawn, along with a comparison of findings from recent research reporting on transition experiences of mothers with young children with ID. The concluding discussion will focus on lessons learned about lifelong transition experiences, and pose future directions for enhancing the quality of transitions for persons with special needs and their families.
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Smith, Philippa, Elizabeth Teasdale, and Suzanne Sheppard-Law. "Parents' experience of extended viewing in a paediatric hospice: a qualitative study." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 29, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2023.29.1.34.
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Background: The rising prevalence of life-limiting conditions in children and young people warrants an evaluation of paediatric palliative care, hospice services and delivered care. Aim: First, this study aimed to develop a deeper understanding of how extended viewing is experienced by the parents of a deceased child (or young person) with a life-limiting condition, based in Australia. Second, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of bereavement care delivered during the first few days after death. Findings: A total of 17 bereaved parents of 13 children completed an interview. In-depth interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. While the authors acknowledge the complexity and individual nature of grief, four broad themes were identified, namely the importance of the ‘physical environment’ being conducive to spending time with their child; ‘seeing their child’; ‘time to say goodbye’; and ‘supportive care’. Conclusion: The findings of this study reinforce that extended viewing can provide therapeutic benefits for parents, as well as the importance of a skilled palliative care nursing workforce in assisting with grief management.
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LIN, XIAOPING, CHRISTINA BRYANT, JENNIFER BOLDERO, and BRIONY DOW. "Older people's relationships with their adult children in multicultural Australia: a comparison of Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants." Ageing and Society 37, no. 10 (August 30, 2016): 2103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16000829.
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ABSTRACTAgainst the background of population ageing and increasing cultural diversity in many Western countries, the study examined differences and similarities between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants in their relationships with adult children. The specific research questions were: (a) are there differences between these groups in the nature of parent–child relationships; and (b) if there were differences, did these differences reflect the Confucian concept of filial piety among older Chinese immigrants. The solidarity–conflict model and the concept of ambivalence were used to quantify parent–child relationships. Data from 122 community-dwelling people aged 65 and over (60 Australian-born and 62 Chinese-born people) were collected using standardised interviews. There were significant differences between the two groups for all relationship dimensions except associative solidarity. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants were more likely to live with their children. However, when they did not live with their children, they lived further away. They were also more likely to receive, but less likely to provide, instrumental help. Finally, they reported higher levels of normative solidarity, conflict and ambivalence, and lower levels of affectual and consensual solidarity. The differences in solidarity dimensions persisted when socio-demographic variables were controlled for. The study revealed complex differences in the nature of older parent–child relationships between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants. Some of these differences, such as more prevalent multigenerational living among older Chinese immigrants, likely reflect the strong influence of filial piety among this group. However, differences in other dimensions, such as lower levels of consensual solidarity, might be associated with the Chinese participants’ experience as immigrants. This study also highlights the usefulness of the solidarity–conflict model as a theoretical framework to understand the nature of parent–child relationships among older Chinese immigrants.
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Chen, Mingling, Maureen Makama, Helen Skouteris, Lisa J. Moran, Cheryce L. Harrison, Tammie Choi, and Siew Lim. "Ethnic Differences in Preferences for Lifestyle Intervention among Women after Childbirth: A Multi-Methods Study in Australia." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020472.
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Postpartum weight retention contributes to maternal obesity and varies by ethnicity. Despite the well-established benefits of lifestyle intervention on weight management, little is known about how to engage postpartum women effectively, especially among ethnic minority groups. This multi-methods study aimed to explore ethnic differences in women’s preferences for lifestyle intervention after childbirth. Women within five years of childbirth and living with their youngest child in Australia were recruited in an online survey (n = 504) and semi-structured interviews (n = 17). The survey and interview questions were structured based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) framework. Ethnic groups were categorized as Oceanian, Asian and Other according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Chi-square tests were used to compare the preferred intervention characteristics between groups. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. The survey showed that most women across all ethnic groups were interested in receiving lifestyle support in the early postpartum period (from 7 weeks to 3 months postpartum). All ethnic groups preferred a regular lifestyle intervention delivered by health professionals that promotes accountability and provides practical strategies. However, Asian women had a higher desire for infant care and a lower desire for mental health in the intervention content compared with Oceanian women. Moreover, Asian women were more likely to favour interventions that are initiated in a later postpartum period, over a shorter duration, and with less intervention frequency, compared with Oceanian women. The interviews further indicated the need for intervention adaptations in the Asian group to address the cultural relevance of food and postpartum practices. These ethnic-specific preferences should be considered in the development of culturally appropriate intervention strategies to optimize engagement in healthy lifestyles among the targeted ethnic groups.
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Arora, Amit, Roneel Maharaj, Seemagni Naidu, Ritesh Chimoriya, Sameer Bhole, Simone Nash, and Charlotte Jones. "Views of Indian Migrants on Adaptation of Child Oral Health Leaflets: A Qualitative Study." Children 8, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010028.
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The aim of this study was to gain insight on the views of Hindi-speaking mothers on readily available English language oral health education materials and to evaluate the acceptability of Hindi language adapted versions of these materials. This qualitative study is nested within an ongoing multi-centre birth cohort study in Greater Western Sydney, Australia. Following purposive selection of Hindi-speaking mothers (n = 19), a semi-structured interview was conducted. Two English leaflets were mailed to participants prior to the interview. The simplified English and translated Hindi versions of the leaflets were provided at the interview, and the participants were asked to compare and evaluate all three versions. Interviews were audio recorded, and thematic analysis was used to analyse data from interview transcripts. A majority of the participants reported a certain degree of difficulty in reading and comprehending oral health messages in Hindi. Although Hindi translations were accurate, mothers preferred the simplified English as opposed to the Hindi version. Visual illustrations and a simple layout facilitated the understanding of oral health messages. Developers of oral health education leaflets should thoroughly research their prospective user groups, particularly migrant populations, and identify the need for simplified or translated oral health education leaflets.
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van Eyk, Helen, Toni Delany-Crowe, Angela Lawless, Fran Baum, Colin MacDougall, and Deborah Wildgoose. "Improving child literacy using South Australia’s Health in All Policies approach." Health Promotion International 35, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 958–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz013.
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Abstract The Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach aims to create coherent policy across government that will improve population health, wellbeing and equity while progressing the goals of other sectors. The quest to achieve policy coherence across government has focused interest on processes that facilitate collaboration between health and many other sectors. Health and education sectors have long been seen as natural partners with mutually beneficial goals. This article focuses on a case study of HiAP work, undertaken between health and education in South Australia to increase parental engagement in children’s literacy among lower socio-economic families. It draws on a document analysis of 71 documents, seven in-depth interviews with senior policy actors and a programme logic model. The project began with the intention of using policy levers to improve long-term health outcomes through addressing child literacy, a proven social determinant of health. Because of the context in which it was operating, the project extended from a focus on policy to working directly with four schools implementing strategies to facilitate parental engagement, with the intention of finally influencing system-wide education policy. We use an institutional framework to support our analysis through a discussion of ideas, actors and institutions and how these influenced the project. The article provides insight into the facilitators and impediments to intersectoral efforts to progress shared educational and health goals and achieve sustainable change, and identifies lessons for others intending to use this approach.
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Mitchell, J., P. Robinson, C. Seiboth, and B. Koszegi. "An evaluation of a network for professional development in child and adolescent mental health in rural and remote communities." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633001935257.
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In 1998 a telemedicine network was established in South Australia and the Northern Territory to deliver educational material to professionals working in child and adolescent mental health in remote areas. The network involved a wide range of health professions, from psychiatrists to psychologists and social workers. The first 12 months of network activity were evaluated by quantitative and qualitative techniques. Four sources of data were used: an activity log, questionnaires, interviews and action research. A total of 36 telemedicine sessions were held, ranging in duration from 45 to 90 min (average 56 min) and involving a total of 45 different professionals, who participated an average of four times each (range 1-15). The most common types of session were case discussions (47%), followed by specialist seminars (36%) and administrative and introductory sessions (17%). The benefits of the network included: networking and peer support; improved efficiency and reduced travel costs; and improved efficiency of health services. The problems included: costs; lack of access to technical support; and the need for staff induction and training.
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David, Jennifer L., Samantha L. Thomas, Melanie Randle, Hannah Pitt, and Mike Daube. "Parent and child perceptions of gambling promotions in Australian sport." Health Promotion International 35, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz028.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Gambling is recognized as a significant public health problem. However, there is little research exploring community attitudes towards gambling and the development of advocacy initiatives. Engaging adults and young people in advocacy efforts is recognized as being beneficial to the successful implementation of harm prevention and reduction strategies. This study explored the attitudes of young people and their parents towards the alignment of gambling with sport, and the strategies they perceive could be used to prevent and reduce gambling related harm. Using a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, 30 family groups from Melbourne, Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Parents and young people were asked about gambling and its promotion, alignment with sporting codes, the potential impact on young people and strategies that may prevent or reduce gambling harm. Thematic analysis was undertaken to interpret the data. The sample comprised 29 parents, one grandparent and 48 young people. Themes emerging from the data related to the use of imagery and appeal strategies in advertisements, the normalization of betting in advertisements and the alignment of betting with sport. Parents and young people also identified a number of potential gambling harm prevention and reduction initiatives. Parents and young people were able to describe a range of strategies used by gambling companies to promote their products, understand the potential impact of these strategies, and recommend strategies to reduce harm. Given this level of understanding there is clearly an opportunity to engage young people and stakeholders in advocacy initiatives aimed at reducing and preventing gambling harm.
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Manassakis, Evangeline Smaree. "Children’s participation in the organisation of a kindergarten classroom." Journal of Early Childhood Research 18, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x19882714.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research indicates that teachers have the predominant role in organising early childhood classrooms in Australia. Not much is known about the involvement of children in organising the kindergarten classroom in Queensland, Australia. There is even less research that considers how the play equipment, utensils, resources and the classroom space itself influence how children talk about their kindergarten indoor learning spaces. This article problematises our understandings of the early learning space and materials within which children learn. This article questions the typically taken-for-granted notion that the early learning space is an empty container in which objects and resources are placed and where children take up a passive position. Children having a role in organising the materials in the classroom is legitimised in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. In this investigation, the following question is explored: How do children describe their role in organising the materials in the indoor early learning space of one kindergarten? Six children aged 3.5–5 years, from one kindergarten in Queensland were involved in individual child-led tours and later, audio-recorded, video-stimulated recall interviews. A sociomaterial lens was brought to the analysis of data, enabling the consideration of the underlying interactions between space, materials and people. The findings suggest that children do see themselves as having a role in how the early learning space is organised. This article offers recommendations to researchers.