Journal articles on the topic 'Child Labor Movement'
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1
Howard, Neil. "Teenage Labor Migration and Antitrafficking Policy in West Africa." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 653, no. 1 (March 28, 2014): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716213519242.
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Within the antitrafficking community, even legal child or youth work is often pathologized, seen as a “worst form of child labor” or, where movement is involved, as trafficking. Major policy responses thus focus on attempting to protect the young by preventing their movement or policing their work. Using a case study of adolescent labor migrants in Benin who work in artisanal gravel quarries in Nigeria, I provide evidence that suggests that the dominant discourse regarding this kind of labor is inaccurate and that policies based on it may be failing. This is in large part because the labor migration depicted as “trafficking” by the antitrafficking community is not experienced as such by young migrants.
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Selvia, Sri, and Yeniwati Yeniwati. "Analisis Kausalitas Kemiskinan, Pekerja Anak dan Angka Putus Sekolah di Indonesia." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i3.12673.
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In research was conducted to determine and analyze the causality relationship between poverty variables, child labor variabels and dropout rates variabels in 33 province and how the response of a variable due to the shock of other variables. This type of study is descriptive and associative analysis, with data used are secondary data types, namely panel data in province in Indonesia from 2010 to 2018 with data collection techniques documentation and literature studies obtained from institutions and institutions namely the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (KemenPPPA). Data analysis used in this study is analysis descriptive and inductive. In the inductive analysis there are several tests that must be performed, namely: (1) Unit root test, (2) Determination of Optimum Lag, (3) Stability Test, (4) Granger Causality Test, (5) Cointegration Test, (6) PVAR Test , (7) IRF test and (8) VD test. The results in this study explain that (1) poverty and child labor do not have a causality relationship only has a one-way relationship while poverty and drop out have a causality relationship. Furthermore, child labor and dropout rates have a causal relationship. The FEVD analysis explains that (4) In the short term child labor and dropout rates do not contribute to influencing the movement of poverty in Indonesia while in the long run child labor shocks and dropout rates affect the variability of poverty in Indonesia. (5) In the short term the variability of child labor is only affected by poverty while in the long run poverty shocks and dropout rates affect the movement of child labor in Indonesia. (6) variability in the number of dropouts in the short and long term is influenced by poverty shocks and dropout rates.
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Brekhman, Grigori Iosifovich. "Home birth as a way of protection by woman itself and of her child." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 61, no. 5 (September 15, 2012): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd615115-121.
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The growing obstetrical aggression as aspiration of the doctors actively to operate by labor in a combination with formal attitudes between the woman and accompanying man in labor have given a pulse to occurrence and increase in the world of alternative movement for home birth. From a position of perinatal psychology it could be considered as a display of a woman self-defence and her protection of the unborn child. The author discusses the significance of the mental factor in labor, and also in a choice of a place of delivery. He comes to the conclusion about an opportunity of parallel functioning of two forms of support of the women in labor: in maternity branch of hospital and home under condition of the legislatively authorized Rules about their interaction
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ALDOUS, JOAN. "The Political Process and the Failure of the Child Labor Amendment." Journal of Family Issues 18, no. 1 (January 1997): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251397018001005.
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Using the proposed Child Labor Amendment of 1924 as an example of family policy, this article analyzes the reasons for its failure to be ratified in a Massachusetts referendum. This failure had much to do with its later nonacceptance in other states. The discussion begins with the Congressional hearings and the arguments for and against the amendment. The following description of the movement for its ratification in the states and the Massachusetts referendum focuses on the factors involved in the outcome of the political process. After a summary of the political campaign leading to the amendment's loss, the article concludes with its implications for present-day family policy initiatives.
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Chiles, Robert. "SCHOOL REFORM AS PROGRESSIVE STATECRAFT: EDUCATION POLICY IN NEW YORK UNDER GOVERNOR ALFRED E. SMITH, 1919–1928." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 15, no. 4 (October 2016): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781416000244.
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Since the Progressive Era itself, scholars have exhibited strong interest in the connections between progressivism and education. Historical studies have elucidated countless ways that such reformist impulses as the settlement house movement, the country life movement, the progressive education movement, the “cult of efficiency,” and battles against social ills like child labor influenced early twentieth-century education policy.1Indeed, as historian Lawrence Cremin has contended, “the Progressive mind was ultimately an educator's mind, and … its characteristic contribution was that of a socially responsible reformist pedagogue.”2
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Hutchins, Vince L. "Maternal and Child Health Bureau: Roots." Pediatrics 94, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.5.695.
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The Maternal and Child Health Bureau has roots that go back over 80 years to the creation of the United States Children's Bureau on April 9, 1912, when President William Howard Taft approved an Act of Congress that created the Children's Bureau and directed it "to investigate and report on all matters pertaining to the welfare of children and child life among all classes of our people." This was the federal government's first recognition that it has a responsibility to promote the welfare of our nation's children. The Bureau's Chief was to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. Originally placed in the Department of Commerce and Labor, it was transferred to the newly formed Department of Labor in March, 1913. The Children's Bureau was a logical sequel to several child-oriented social and public health activities of the late 19th century: the establishment of milk stations; concern with the spread of communicable disease after compulsory school attendance laws were passed; the movement to outlaw child labor; and, the opening of Settlement Houses. Lillian Wald, organizer of public health nursing, an ardent fighter against child labor, and the founder of the Henry Street Settlement in New York City, was the person who first suggested a federal Children's Bureau. A bill, with the support of President Theodore Roosevelt, was introduced in both houses of Congress in 1906 and annually during the next 6 years. It met with fierce opposition both from states which felt that the federal government was usurping their responsibility for the welfare of children and from those who feared that it would give federal employees the right to enter and regulate the homes of private citizens.
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Maya Jariego, Isidro. "“But We Want to Work”: The Movement of Child Workers in Peru and the Actions for Reducing Child Labor." American Journal of Community Psychology 60, no. 3-4 (September 18, 2017): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12180.
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Woff, I. A. "OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN KIEV." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 7, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd74344-347.
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MO Kleinman reported "a case of a vaginal septum obstructed during labor." A fleshy septum, thick as a goose feather, going from the anterior wall of the vagina to the posterior wall, prevented the forward movement of the child, who was in the second leg position in the anterior view. When the child was removed, the septum first caught on the gluteal fold, and then on the right axillary cavity; it was cut with scissors between two ligatures.
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Blum, Ann S. "Speaking of Work and Family: Reciprocity, Child Labor, and Social Reproduction, Mexico City, 1920 – 1940." Hispanic American Historical Review 91, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 63–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2010-087.
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Abstract The belief that children should earn their keep is one of the most significant differences between past and present concepts of childhood. This article examines child labor in Mexico City during the 1920s and 1930s, a period of rapid change in ideas about children’s economic and social roles. In the decades following Mexico’s revolution, activists in Mexico’s child health and protection movement condemned child labor on the grounds that it harmed young workers and led to crime, while a new slate of laws forbade child labor and restricted the kinds of work that adolescents could perform. In contrast, working-class children and adolescents and their parents saw work as integral to family relations. These conflicting views collided in the arena of the juvenile court, one of the principal institutions to emerge from the broad reform agenda focused on children and youth. Yet, while court founders and officials associated child labor with immorality and family dysfunction, the court also provided a forum for working-class children and parents to argue for a different version of family morality founded on long-standing legal definitions of reciprocal obligations of support. Their accounts of children’s economic contributions to family subsistence also shed light on the power dynamics entangled in family relationships founded on work. The encounters between court officials and clients illuminate the tensions between state goals and established practices of social reproduction during a profound transition in social views of childhood, the family, and work.
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Ginzburg, M. D. "Thomas Keith. — On Surpa-pubic fixation of the Uterus in certain cases of retroversion and prolapse. (Lancet, 1894, 22 / IX, p. 679). Suprapubic attachment of the uterus in some cases of inclination and prolapse of the uterus." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 9, no. 6 (September 27, 2020): 594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd96594-596.
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In 45-year-old women,I woman in labor, labor was completed by one young doctor with difficult forceps in 1867. Prof. Keith saw her after 2 weeks. Vagina and rectum represented one cavity; the ruptured bowel extended several inches; the edges of the gap seemed uneven, the suppuration was terrible, some parts of the sleeve were close to necrosis. The doctor, who removed the child with forceps, performed the operation, being sick, why the damage was so extensive. After 6 months, the patient did not recover and the feces were spilled out involuntarily with every movement of the patient.
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Pershin, Sergey V., and Tatyana A. Pershina. "THE PROBLEM OF LABOR TRAINING AND INVOLVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN AGRICULTURAL WORK IN THE MORDOVIAN ASSR IN THE MIDDLE 1950s – IN THE MIDDLE 1960s." Economic History, no. 4 (December 29, 2018): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.043.014.201804.390-403.
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Introduction. This publication presents the preliminary results of the study of the problem of labor training and involvement of students in agricultural work in the mid-1950s – mid-1960s on the materials of the Mordovian ASSR. The introduction of elements of Polytechnic education into the secondary school coincided with the transformation of the agricultural sector of the Soviet economy, designed to solve the problem of providing the population with food. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods used in the national historical science: problem-chronological, systemic, comparative-historical. These methods have been successfully tested in the process of determining the regional aspects of socio-economic development. In the processing of quantitative data, the statistical method was used, and for a more detailed immersion in the subject of the study, a micro-historical approach was used. The study is based on a wide range of archival sources and published materials. Results. Proclaiming as its main objectives the introduction of Polytechnic education, party workers and heads of agricultural enterprises of the Mordovian ASSR in the second half of 1950s – early 1960s succeeded in bringing student teams to agricultural work. The possibility of introducing students of each particular school to the modern achievements of animal husbandry was directly dependent on the level of mechanization of the surrounding collective and state farms. Forms of labor training in the mid-1950s – early 1960s become more diverse. Discussion and Conclusion. The practice of involving students in agricultural work in the Khrushchev era was justified by the need to apply the elements of Polytechnic education in secondary school. In reality, child labour was used to carry out regular national economic plans. Forms of vocational training and labor education during the study period gradually improved. Among the innovations of the mid-1950s – early 1960s you should allocate yunnatskih (young naturalists) movement and experience movement, labour camp, and student production teams. At the same time, most farms did not have the material and technical base necessary for vocational training, and therefore the idea of cooperation between the educational organization and the agricultural enterprise of mass development was not received. The effectiveness of labor training significantly reduced the campaign approach to its organization. Keywords: vocational training, school, pioneer, Komsomol, young naturalists, labor camp, collective farm, agriculture.
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Viennikova, V. V., and I. V. Kolosov. "Labour Law Reforming at Qatar: comparative research." Problems of Legality, no. 155 (December 20, 2021): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.155.231916.
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Paper proposed highlights the experience of Qatar's labor law reform, its features, peculiarities of the countries of the Muslim Legal family taking into account. Mainly directions of aforesaid reform and structural improvements in the legal regulation of Labor Relations in comparison with the pre-reform period are determined. A comparative study with the relevant directions of industry reform in Ukraine was conducted. Similar and distinctive features, advantages and disadvantages of both systems are analyzed. Conclusions about the possibility of borrowing positive foreign experience into the domestic labor and legal reality were showed. Studying of Labor Relations legal regulation experience in the Middle East on the example of Qatar permit to encourage colleagues to put out a scientific discussion about such types of employment contract as educational and service ones, its core conditions, consider the proposals of the trade union movement within the framework of joint committees, outline the problems of sponsorship law and repatriation in connection with subject of Labor Law, discuss problems and apply positive experience in regulating the work of home-based workers, consider the possibility of introducing the institute of anonymous complaints in labor law, pay attention to the experience of creation a labor justice system. Special attention should be paid to a physical attack on the employer or direct supervisor as reasons for termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the employer. Simultaneously, Domestic system of labor law, although it is distinguished by more long-timed traditions of statutory guarantees in field of Labor and Social Security Law, is not without the need to borrow foreign experience in order to update it for the needs of modern social development, which should be devoted to furthermore comparative legal researches.
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Plum, M. Colette. "Lost Childhoods in a New China: Child-Citizen-Workers at War, 1937–1945." European Journal of East Asian Studies 11, no. 2 (2012): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-20121106.
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This article examines the emerging discourse of child-citizen-workers in wartime China and demonstrates how this concept of children’s citizenship was put into practice in work training programs within wartime children’s homes. This article argues that the idea of child-citizen-workers grew from three pre-war antecedents that converged and were greatly accelerated by China’s war with Japan: the new idea of an autonomous sphere of childhood articulated during the early Republican period; a progressive education movement to introduce labor training and experiential learning as essential elements of modern education; and Nationalist state-building and activist efforts at family reform, which viewed traditional parents with distrust and increasingly intervened in family life. The second half of the article focuses particularly on orphans, who were considered potentially unstable social elements due to their position outside the control of families, and whose lack of parental protection made them available for appropriation. This article demonstrates that the war opened up a space in which Guomindang state-builders, working with educators and childcare workers, attempted to restructure orphans lives within wartime child welfare institutions to realize a vision for China’s future: the ideal of child-citizen-workers habituated toward sacrifice for the nation.
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Warsono, Hardi. "The Mission of Basic Education That Is Overlooked in the Border Country (Case Study of Education Special Services for Indonesian Labor Child in Sebatik Island Indonesia-Malaysia Border)." Asian Social Science 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n1p59.
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The border region is currently still very identical to the "limitations" so almost all border regions in Indonesia have nearly the same issue namely welfare gaps to the Community border as a result of the limitations of the various issues of basic infrastructure, education, health issues to social economic problems communities are still largely dependent on neighboring countries. In the field of education is known for all education jargon that became the Foundation of the movement the fulfillment of education for all. In order to achieve the goals of national education the flattens, quality, relevant and efficient as mandated by legislation of the national education system the number 20 in 2003, where special education and special services (PK-LK) need very basic education gets special attention. A labor of Indonesia (TKI) at the boundary of the country generally citizens of the entrants in the Emergency Department and is busy with his household economic activities. The condition implies less serious handling education for their child. This problem is compounded by the limited educational facilities at the border. To address this movement of strange education boundary is required.
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Balides, Constance. "Sociological Film, Reform Publicity, and the Secular Spectator." Feminist Media Histories 3, no. 4 (2017): 10–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2017.3.4.10.
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This essay analyzes how “sociological films,” an early iteration of social problem films during the 1910s, participated in a wider historical formation of social reform, one that was heavily influenced by women. It investigates the category of sociological film as it was discussed in Moving Picture World; the connection between practical Progressive Era reform initiatives and the emerging field of sociology, especially through the figure of Jane Addams and the social settlement movement; and reform publicity methods, which included sociological moving pictures along with photographs, living displays, and interactive exhibits on child labor and civic welfare. Reform exhibits were frequently organized through women's volunteer organizations and relied on women's voluntary labor. Female participant observer sociologists talked about the importance of social imagination. Addams's sympathetic understanding was implicated in a gendered construction of knowledge of the social. The essay develops the notion of a “secular spectator” as a way of characterizing an address in sociological films both to a social subject who was part of a social formation of reform, and to a civic subject who was enjoined to do something about social problems based on knowledge of social facts and social sympathy.
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Cantwell, Christopher D. "Sherri Broder,Tramps, Unfit Mothers, and Neglected Children: Negotiating the Family in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. 259 pp. $42.50 cloth." International Labor and Working-Class History 68 (October 2005): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547905270230.
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With the relatively recent renovation of the American welfare system, the current dispute over faith-based organizations administering federal aid, and the wanton usage of the term family values in political discourse, few can deny that debate over the family, welfare, and the state remains heated. To add greater depth and nuance to this debate, Sherri Broder has delved into the complex relationships between the subjects and objects of social reform in late-nineteenth century Philadelphia. She explores how wealthy reformers, evangelical rescue workers, the labor movement, and laboring people “all drew on the discourse of the family”—which revolved around contested definitions of what constituted a tramp, unfit mother, or neglected child—“to define themselves variously as gendered members of different social classes, as respected family and community members, as political actors, and as people with claims on the state, the police, and public and private social services”(6). Utilizing local and national labor periodicals, the published works of charity organizations and individual reformers, and the institutional records of the Pennsylvania Society to Protect Children from Cruelty (SPCC) and the pseudonymous “Haven for Unwed Mothers and Infants,” Broder moves topically throughout five chapters dissecting different components of Philadelphia's discourse on the family.
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Tucker, Lisa M. "The Labor-saving Kitchen: Sources for Designs of the Architects’ Small Home Service Bureau." Enquiry A Journal for Architectural Research 11, no. 1 (December 2, 2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17831/enq:arcc.v11i1.208.
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The history of the kitchen has received much attention from designers and design historians. Since the writings of Catharine Beecher, designers, household engineers, and others have written about the importance of the kitchen as the center of the home. This research traces the impact of the writings of theorists such as Frederick Taylor, Georgie Boynton Child, Helen Binkerd Young, and Christine Frederick on the designs produced by the architects in the first quarter of the 20th century. Frederick’s work took the concept of an efficient kitchen to a new level applying movement studies and introducing new ideas to the kitchen layout and arrangement. In a properly laid out and equipped kitchen, steps were saved by placing kitchen cabinets, ovens and stoves, refrigerators and sinks where they were needed in the sequence of food preparation and delivery to dining table as well as clean up after the meal. In her books, she also provided advice on a variety of considerations, such as appliances and accessories, lighting and ventilation; materials, finishes and color; and appliances and equipment. In 1919 a group of architects dedicated to improving the housing stock in the United States through good design banded together to form the Architects’ Small House Service Bureau (ASHSB). Their first plan book, How to Plan Finance and Build your Home published in 1921, also encouraged labor-saving kitchen design and provided advice on kitchen design. The research reported here assesses how the influence of Frederick and Boyton’s advice as reflected in the work of and interpreted by Helen Binkerd Young is demonstrated in the kitchen designs of the ASHSB’s first plan book. A plan content analysis instrument, developed using Frederick’s writings and edited to include other variables from Young and Child, is used to analyze the 99 kitchens and two essays in the ASHSB’s plan book. The plans and accompanying comments evidence enthusiasm for the concept of scientific management and other labor- and energy-saving concepts promoted by Frederick. Many of her specific suggestions are incorporated in their kitchen designs, but there is limited evidence that ASHSB designs are only influenced by Frederick but rather include other popular labor-saving concepts of the early 20th century.
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Khusniyati, Etik, Heni Purwati, Elies Meilinawati SB, and Faisal Ibnu. "PEMANFAATAN BUKU KIA UNTUK PERSIAPAN PERSALINAN DAN PERENCANAAN KONTRASEPSI PASCA SALIN PADA IBU HAMIL." MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN 9, no. 2 (August 8, 2021): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/mik.v9i2.495.
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Background: One of the government's efforts to reduce MMR, IMR and reduce complications during pregnancy include the activities of the Mother Love Movement, Strategy Making Pregnancy Safer and the Duplication of Mother and Child Health Books. The KIA handbook as an educational tool and an effort to increase information on pregnant women.
Objective: This study aims to explore related to the use of the KIA handbook as a source of information, Birth Plan and Postpartum Contraception Planning.
Methods: This study uses a concurrent triangulation strategy by collecting quantitative and qualitative data together. The sample in this study was 30 pregnant women with total sampling technique. Data analysis with a comparison of quantitative data and qualitative data.
Results: The results of the study showed that out of the 15 respondents who had good use of the KIA handbook, the majority had good labor preparation. While of the 9 respondents who used the KIA handbook with sufficient categories, the majority also had good childbirth preparations. Of the 15 respondents who had good use of the KIA handbook, the majority had made contraceptive preparations. While of the 6 respondents who had less use of the KIA handbook, none planned for postpartum contraception.
Conclusion: The conclusion is that the better the use of the KIA handbook, the better the preparation of labor and post-partum contraceptive planning.
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Fisher, A. "A case of a preserving caesarean section." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 7, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd7172-74.
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Ms. Ch., 26 years old; poor health; started to walk at the age of 6; the first menstruation - at the age of 12, got married on the 19th and immediately became pregnant. The first birth, which lasted 46 hours, ended with a craniotomy at the Obstetric Aid in Moscow; the second pregnancy was artificially terminated by the author at the end of the 24th week, - a living child was born, died after 7 weeks from congenital weakness; The author interrupted the third pregnancy at the 36th week, and the labor was completed by the difficult imposition of forceps on the head moving above the entrance to the pelvis, - the girl was born in asphyxiation, revived. The present, fourth, pregnancy proceeded as follows: the last regulations between March 7 and 10, 1891; first fetal movement - July 24; only on 30 November (i.e. at the end of the 38th week) did the pregnant woman turn to the author.
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D. McLarty, Benjamin, and Peter A. Rosen. "The physician of Packingtown: the life and impact of Dr Caroline Hedger." Journal of Management History 20, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-02-2012-0012.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to illustrate the instrumental role of physician Caroline Hedger during the first half of the twentieth century, with her emphasis on worker health, which influenced American society and helped to improve working and living conditions of people across the USA. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on archival newspaper clippings, original journal articles and books written by the subject, historical manuscripts and other labor history resources, this manuscript pulls together information on this topic in a unique way to give a broad view of the impact of Hedger and her important role not only for the city of Chicago, but the nation as a whole. Findings – This research concludes that Hedger was an instrumental force and tireless advocate for the improvement of public health and social change. She was a constant driver for the creation of better living and working conditions of poor laborers, especially immigrants and women, desired the enhancement of child welfare, and was also helpful in supporting the labor movement and educating those involved in the process. Originality/value – This is the first manuscript to explore the role played by Caroline Hedger in relation to her impact on the importance of the health of workers and their families. Her story is a testament to the powerful effect of a single person in a dynamic world, and demonstrates how understanding a worker's health contributes to greater insights about management history.
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Alcântara, Natália de Abreu, and Thais Jormanna Pereira Silva. "Obstetric practices in childbirth care and usual risk birth." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 21, no. 3 (July 2021): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042021000300003.
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Abstract Objectives: to analyze the incidence of obstetric practices in labor and childbirth care at usual risk in a tertiary hospital. Methods: cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 314 Monitoring Sheets of Labor and Childbirth Care of women who had their birth attended at the institution, from July 2017 to July 2018. The study was approved by the research ethics committee, with the embodied opinion number 2.822.707. Results: most women in the study were between 20 and 34 years old, coming from the city of Fortaleza, Ceará; had completed high school; and had unpaid work. The prevalence of good practices was identified: umbilical cord clamping in a timely manner (81.5%), immediate skin-to-skin contact (73.9%), breastfeeding in the childbirth room (74.2%), freedom of position and movement (72.3%), completion of the partograph (66.6%), presence of a companion (66.2%), offer of a liquid diet (65%), and non-pharmacological methods for pain relief (54.8%). As for interventional practices, we identified: venoclysis (42.4%), oxytocin infusion (29%), and amniotomy (11.1%). Conclusions: advances in the adoption of good practices based on scientific evidence are noteworthy; however, the technocratic model of childbirth care for women at normal risk persists.
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Zaruba, Natalia, Eduard Wolfson, Konstantin Vostrikov, Olga Nikiforova, and Elena Sedelnikova. "Assessment and analysis of the state management of labor resources as a factor in the development of the mining industry in the region." E3S Web of Conferences 315 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131504001.
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The subject of the research in this article is to identify the role and importance of public management of labor resources in the region as a factor in the development of the mining industry by improving the level of professionalism of specialists who evaluate and analyze the labor resources of the mining industry. The purpose of the study is to prepare proposals aimed at implementing effective management of the mining industry's labor resources based on the use of modern methods of assessment and analysis. Research methods. The study used comparative and institutional approaches, as well as empirical methods – methods of observation and comparison. Research materials. In the preparation of the scientific article, statistical data were used to characterize the movement of labor and the use of working time, as well as working conditions and the level of injuries in the mining region of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass. The analysis and eval-uation of the published data were carried out in the study in order to identify management reserves based on the evaluation and analysis of the data obtained. The results obtained can contribute to improving the performance of mining enterprises in attracting qualified personnel and effective management of labor resources. The study shows that only a scientific approach to the application of the functions of management, evaluation and analysis of public management of human resources could be considered as a factor in the development of the mining industry, which requires research attention, since problems can be solved only on the basis of their identification. As such, we have identified an underestimation of the role and importance of a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the problems of public management of human resources in the mining industry. The study showed that the system of human resources management in the mining industry in order to assess and analyze them on the basis of an integrated approach requires the organization and implementation of research related to the identification of correlations of key elements of the management system. The problem of reducing number of trained specialists and the professionalism of personnel remains a well-known problem in the mining industry in the Kemerovo region. The results of our research were discussed at annual scientific conferences devoted to topical issues of public administration development, including in the mining industry, with the involvement of officials of relevant structures of regional government bodies. In conclusion, it could be noted that the obtained intermediate scientific results of human resource management in the mining sector will significantly contribute to the timely introduction of modern and effective technologies into the practice of public administration.
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Kreshak, Allyson A., Shelley M. Lawrence, Sam T. Ontiveros, Tiffany Castellano, and Karen B. VanHoesen. "Perinatal Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Treatment of a 2-Hour-Old Neonate with Hyperbaric Oxygen." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 12, no. 01 (January 2022): e113-e116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744216.
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AbstractA 41-year-old gravida 4 para 3 (G4P3) and 385/7 weeks pregnant woman presented to labor and delivery with dizziness, headache, and decreased fetal movement after 12 hours of exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) from a grill that was used inside for heat. The mother was hemodynamically stable, and her neurologic examination was intact. Her carboxyhemoglobin level, which was obtained 12 hours after removal from the CO exposure, was 7.4%. The fetus's heart rate was 173 beats per minute with moderate variability and one late appearing deceleration, not associated with contractions. The biophysical profile score was 2 of 8. The obstetrics team performed a routine cesarean section. The 1- and 5-minute Apgar's scores were 7 and 8, respectively. The arterial cord gas result was as follows: pH = 7.05, PCO2 = 71 mm Hg, pO2 = 19 mm Hg, bicarbonate = 14 mmol/L, and carboxyhemoglobin = 11.9%. The mother and infant were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy consisting of 100% oxygen at 2.4 atmosphere absolutes (ATA) for 90 minutes at 2.5 hours after delivery. Following one hyperbaric oxygen treatment, the infant was transitioned to room air and routine postpartum treatment and was discharged 3 days later in good condition. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment was well tolerated in this neonate.
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Clark, Carlton. "Resonanzfähigkeit: resonance capability in Luhmannian systems theory." Kybernetes 49, no. 10 (November 18, 2019): 2493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2019-0490.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the sociological literature on moral communication and disciplinary apparatuses in a functionally differentiated society. It combines Luhmannian and Foucauldian theories to further the understanding of social system complexity. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on the work of Niklas Luhmann, Michel Foucault and others to explore resonance capability, disciplinary apparatuses and the complexity–sustainability trade-off. The argument is illustrated with a discussion of the late-nineteenth- to early-twentieth-century anti-child labor movement. Findings The paper argues that organizations are better equipped than function systems to draw moral distinctions. Given the amorality of the function systems and the increasing secularization of modern society, a great deal of moral communication now occurs in non-religious organizations. These social systems increase their complexity in response to new problems, but the increased system complexity may become unsustainable. Research limitations/implications The paper contributes to the growing sociological literature that compares and sometimes attempts to synthesize the theories of Luhmann and Foucault. It also contributes to the literature on organizational theory. Originality/value The paper brings together the work of Luhmann, Foucault, Valentinov and others to advance the understanding of organizations and moral communication in a functionally differentiated society. It uses Google Books Ngrams, among other resources, to support the argument.
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Stanojevic, Milan. "Neonatal Aspects: Is There Continuity?" Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 2 (2012): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1242.
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ABSTRACT During the 9 months between conception and birth, the fetal brain is transformed from instructions in genes to a complex, highly differentiated organ. The human central nervous system (CNS) changes from a microscopic band of embryonic neuroblasts to a 350 gm mass with more than 109 interconnected highly differentiated neurons in the cortex alone. How this extraordinary growth results in sensomotor, cognitive, affective and behavioral development is still unexplored. The development of voluntary, cognitive and purposive activity from fetal to neonatal period is to analyze the developmental transformations of the brain expressed by development of movement patterns from prenatal through postnatal period. As the development of the brain is unique and continuing process throughout the gestation and after birth, it is expected that there is also continuity of fetal to neonatal movements which are the best functional indicator of developmental processes of the brain. Concerning the complexity, voluntary control and stereotype, there are at least four groups of movements: Reflexes, fixed action patterns, rhythmic motor patterns, and directed movements. Substantial indications suggest that spontaneous activity is a more sensitive indicator of brain dysfunction than reactivity to sensory stimuli in reflex testing. It was proved that assessment of general movements in high-risk newborns has significantly higher predictive value for later neurological development than neurological examination. Nutritional stress at critical times during fetal development can have persistent and potentially irreversible effects on organ function. Impaired intrauterine growth and development may antecede insufficient postnatal growth. Thus, it may be a marker of impaired central nervous system integrity because of adverse intrauterine conditions. Unfavorable intrauterine environment can affect adversely fetal growth. There is an association between postnatal growth and neurodevelopmental outcome. Concerning the continuity from fetus to neonate in terms of neurobehavior, it could be concluded that fetus and neonate are the same persons in different environment. While in the womb, fetus is protected from the gravity which is not so important for its neurodevelopment, postnatally the neonate is exposed to the gravity during the labor and from the first moments of autonomous life. Development of motor control is highly dependent on antigravity forces enabling erect posture of infant or young child. These environmental differences should be kept on mind during prenatal as well as postnatal assessment. How to cite this article Stanojevic M. Neonatal Aspects: Is There Continuity? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):189-196.
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Heilman, Elizabeth E. "Anger Is All the Rage: A Theoretical Analysis of Anger Within Emotional Ecology to Foster Growth and Political Change." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 124, no. 4 (April 2022): 205–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681221093285.
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Background and Purpose: Anger is implicated in nearly every social pathology, from war to bullying to child abuse. Yet, it is also the spark of reform for nearly every positive social movement, from civil rights to labor rights to handicapped rights. This article examines how anger has been understood and misunderstood across different discursive spaces in society, research, and education to offer a peace-promoting, emotional ecology theory of anger to foster emotional growth and political change. Research Design: This article employs theoretical research, which is a logical exploration of a system of beliefs and assumption to increase understanding, develop new theory, and explore implications. Findings: Anger is reconceptualized as a crucial emotional and political experience rooted in the emotional ecologies and histories of family, school, and society. Three distinctive features characterize it: An ethical response, an emotional response, and an action response. Five steps to anger resolution follow from this analysis including: mindfulness, compassion, insight, action, and a therapeutic response (or MCIAT). Recommendations: Future studies on anger should span developmental stages and include ways anger intersects with curricula, emotional experience and intellectual understanding. Teachers, social workers, and therapists must work together to address the emotional and political aspects of anger in education. Addressing our most painful and angering global challenges in all their complexity requires full integration of the personal, educational, civic, and therapeutic dimensions of emotional ecology and this worthy enterprise should inspire interdisciplinary dialogue and future research.
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Jijon, Isabel. "The priceless child talks back: How working children respond to global norms against child labor." Childhood 27, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568219870582.
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This article examines how working children understand the morality of child labor. Drawing on interviews with children in Bolivia and Ecuador, I find that children call child labor moral when it helps them manage their social ties. Working children do not think of themselves as individuals needing care (per international organizations like the International Labor Organization) or as a cultural group needing recognition (per the “working children’s movements”). Rather, children describe themselves as morally upright members of intimate networks. I conclude by introducing the concept of relational dignity.
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KRAVETS, IRYNA. "DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS IN UKRAINE: STATE, CONSEQUENCES AND PROSPECTS OF OVERCOMING IT." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, no. 4 (June 2021): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-19.
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The article analyzes the demographic situation in Ukraine, which has acquired signs of a demographic crisis. There has been an unprecedented decline in Ukraine’s population, which has lost a fifth in the years since independence. The current trends of population decline in the regional context have been studied. It is established that the prospects of depopulation are quite disappointing, given the low overall fertility rate, as well as the predominance of mortality over fertility. The natural movement of the population has been studied, the main causes of its high mortality, especially in working age, due to increased morbidity, in particular the high prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, which form more than 80% of mortality in Ukraine, under the influence of endogenous, exogenous and quasi-endogenous factors. The causes of low birth rate, as well as modern features and orientations of reproductive behavior of the population are revealed. In Ukraine, there is a tendency of low life expectancy and population aging compared to some European countries. It is concluded that under such conditions large-scale depopulation will be inevitable. The peculiarities of modern migration processes, in particular labor migration, which can give impetus to alternative migration, have been clarified. The interaction of demographic processes and socio-economic development of the country is determined. Ways to overcome the demographic crisis are a set of demographic measures (organization and conduct of the census, which was not conducted for two decades, the formation of population registers, increasing financial assistance to mothers at birth in accordance with modern requirements, etc.) and socio-economic measures to strengthen reproductive behavior, flexible employment for childbirth and child rearing, improving the level and quality of life of citizens, increasing work motivation in Ukraine, social protection of citizens, etc.
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Patrick Develtere and An Huybrechs. "The Movement for the Abolition of Child Labour as an Example of a Transnational Network Movement." Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 2, no. 1 (2008): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.2.1.0165.
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Schmidt, James D. "“Restless Movements Characteristic of Childhood”: The Legal Construction of Child Labor in Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts." Law and History Review 23, no. 2 (2005): 315–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000000316.
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Elias Berdos had not yet reached the age of fourteen when he arrived in the United States in the first decade of the twentieth century. Three weeks after debarking, he applied to Tremont and Suffolk Mills in Lowell, Massachusetts and was put to work in the textile factory's spinning room, tending the mules as many boys his age did. Inexperienced at factory labor and unable to speak English, he ventured forth into the helter-skelter world of a cotton mill. About four weeks later, Elias stood in the spinning room, waiting for the workday to begin. With his back turned to the machinery, he rested his hand on a guard that covered the spinning frame's gears. When his hand slipped into the rotating metal, Elias joined the tens of thousands of workers injured in the process of American industrialization. Like many of those workers, Elias and his family sued the company for damages, but unlike many of his fellow laborers, Elias relied on Massachusetts's statutory prohibitions against child labor to maintain a cause of action. Losing in the lower courts, Elias appealed to the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. His case led the court to examine the development of child labor law in Massachusetts, looking into both its statutory genesis and legislative intent.
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Miranda Correa, Melisa. "Mapping landscapes of movements: representing Indigenous space signification." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 16, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180120917485.
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This article explores the conceptualisation of intangible heritage through the placement of traditional practices, by providing a method for cultural heritage inventories on Indigenous territories. Landscapes of movements is the theory that allows the analysis of Indigenous cultures and territories in terms of context, inhabitants, heritage, policies, traditions, symbolism, landmarks and roads. The case study is Caspana, a Likan Antai community in the north of Chile, incorporated in the Inca roads. Through interviews over a tenure map built in co-labour with the community in study, it was possible to articulate a space signification in relation to people’s movement as a “ritual territory” and an “ancient territory”, one for the present and for past movement, respectively. This tenure map method becomes a tool for the Indigenous communities, who can now use it as argument for claiming their rights over land.
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López Dietz, Ana. "Desarticulación y resistencia. Movimiento obrero y dictadura en Chile, 1973-1981." Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia 10, no. 2 (July 14, 2013): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/16926250.491.
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Resumen:El presente artículo analiza la política de la dictadura cívico-militar hacia el movimiento obrero en Chile durante los años 1973 a 1981, cuyos ejes principales fueron la represión y desarticulación de los trabajadores y las organizaciones sindicales; asimismo, estudia la implementación y alcances del Plan Laboral Piñera que representaría un cambio fundamental en las relaciones capital-trabajo (atomización sindical, fin de la negociación colectiva, limitación del derecho a huelga), como también las manifestaciones de resistencia de los trabajadores ante estas políticas.Palabras Clave: Dictadura, sindicatos, trabajadores, plan laboral, represión, resistencia. *************************************************************** Disarticulation and resistance. Labor movement and dictatorship inChile, 1973-1981Abstract:This article analyzes the politics of civil-military dictatorship to the labor movement in Chile during the years 1973-1981, were the main axes of repression and dislocation of workers and trade unions, also studies the implementation and scope of the Plan labor Piñera would represent a fundamental change in capital-labor relations (union fragmentation, to collective bargaining, limiting the right to strike), as well as demonstrations of worker resistance to these policies.Key words: Dictatorship, syndicates, workers, labor plan, repression, resistance.***************************************************** Desarticulação e resistência. Movimento operário e ditadura no Chile,1973-1981 Resumo:O presente artigo analisa a política da ditadura cívico-militar com relação ao movimento operário no Chile entre os anos de 1973 e 1981, e cujos principais eixos foram a repressão e a desarticulação dos trabalhadores e das organizações sindicais. Da mesma forma estuda a implementação e os alcances do Plano Laboral Piñera, que representaria uma mudança fundamental nas relações capital-trabalho (atomização sindical, fim da negociação coletiva, limitação do direito a greve), assim como também as manifestações de resistência dos trabalhadores diante dessas políticas.Palavras chave: Ditadura, sindicatos, trabalhadores, plano laboral, repressão, resistência.
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Barua, Joyita, Sudipta Deb Nath, and M. Monir Hossain. "A 1 year Study on Pattern of Neonatal Admissions and Mortality Related to Neonatal and Maternal Influences in A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Barishal." Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Journal 36, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dshj.v36i1.52637.
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Background: Morbid conditions during the neonatal period possess a serious risk to the health and well-being of the baby. The death rate among neonates is very high in Bangladesh and various factors are responsible for this other than neonatal diseases.
Objectives: The objective was to compare different aspects of neonatal conditions in a tertiary care teaching hospital and to inspect the effects of neonatal/maternal influences over neonatal morbidity and mortality. Another primary goal was to study if there was any interconnection between neonatal morbid conditions and mortality.
Methods: This prospective study was carried out at Special Care Neonatal Unit of Sher-e-Bangla Medical College and Hospital, Barishal from April 2019 to March 2020. A total of 142 mothers were enquired according to our questionnaire. Data about both mothers and neonates were included in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 26.
Results: A total of 142 mothers and their 150 admitted neonates were included in our cohort. Among 150 neonates, we analyzed 133 and excluded 17. During the hospital stay, 9.8% of 133 neonates died. Mortality and morbidity were dependent on factors like gestational age, birth weight, and twin pregnancy. The causes of admission were PNA with HIE (58.6%), neonatal sepsis (28.6%), neonatal jaundice (9.8%), congenital anomalies (8.3%), RDS (4.5%), IUGR (3.8%), pneumonia (2.3%), and diabetes mellitus (0.8%). Neonates having PNA with HIE showed significant p-value when correlated with the cause of LUCS- oligohydramnios, gestational age, birth weight. Pre-term neonates had substantial cases of RDS (9.8%). Neonatal sepsis was observed more on the initiation of breastfeeding on the first day (39.1%) than later (23%), and oligohydramnios, less fetal movement, prolonged labor were found to be significant causes of it.
Conclusion: The study acknowledged LBW, PNA with HIE, sepsis, neonatal jaundice, congenital anomalies, and RDS as the major factors for neonatal admissions, and reasons behind mortality were LBW, prematurity, and twin pregnancy. Awareness among parents and improved infrastructure of the hospital might be helpful to reduce the gravity of the condition in the future.
DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 52-60
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Ермолин and A. Ermolin. "Child Movement in Russia As an Instrument of Modern Human Capital Development." Profession-Oriented School 3, no. 2 (April 17, 2015): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10981.
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In his article Child movement in Russia as an instrument of modern human capital development the author puts forward the problem of underestimating
and even complete ignoring children community unions while handling the task of preparing effective human potential for Russian regions. According
to author the State as the customer of human capital and the children movement as a potential contract accepter at key stages of forming required
values, competencies and traits, have not yet built regular “business” relationship: they have not defined exact goals of educational process according
to current labour market demands, and have not drawn ”game rules” for educators market. Fineness of the publication is due to the fact that many
advocates of pushing global human and Russian traditional spiritual values into education do not see themselves as professionals responsible for
forming competencies for success at modern labour markets as well. Even the terms human capital, educators market, personal development program
are strongly confronted by many teachers. But it is impossible not to talk about that. Especially after publishing State strategy of pedagogy in Russian
Federation up to 2025 and its stating the task of forming national pedagogical ideal.
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Bali, Namrata. "Naam, Kaam, Gaam: Educating Women for Self-Employment, Cooperation and Struggle." International Labor and Working-Class History 90 (2016): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000077.
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The following is a detailed description of a training program offered by the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) Academy to introduce new members to the organization and its work. SEWA describes its main goals as “to organize women workers for full employment,” by which it means “employment whereby workers obtain work security, income security, food security, and social security (at least health care, child care and shelter).” The organization works to achieve its goals “through the strategy of struggle and development. The struggle is against the many constraints and limitations imposed on them by society and the economy, while development activities strengthen women's bargaining power and offer them new alternatives.” SEWA describes itself as “both an organisation and a movement,” which is enhanced by “the sangama or confluence of three movements: the labour movement, the cooperative movement and the women's movement.” SEWA also describes itself as a Gandhian movement: “Gandhian thinking is the guiding force for SEWA's poor, self-employed members in organising for social change. We follow the principles of satya (truth), ahimsa (nonviolence), sarvadharma (integrating all faiths, all people) and khadi (propagation of local employment and self-reliance).” In practical terms, SEWA carries out its strategy “through the joint action of union and cooperatives.” As a trade union, it has nearly two million members, half of whom are in the organization's home state of Gujarat, India. It also operates or is affiliated with nearly two dozen sister organizations and cooperatives.
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Vergara, Ángela. "Writing about Workers, Reflecting on Dictatorship and Neoliberalism: Chilean Labor History and the Pinochet Dictatorship." International Labor and Working-Class History 93 (2018): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547917000230.
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AbstractThis article explores the trajectory of Chilean labor history and its recent efforts to study workers’ experiences under the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship (1973–1990). Influenced by the impact of dictatorship on Chilean society as well as global historiographical debates, Labor Studies became an interdisciplinary and transnational field in Chile. This article focuses on the different academic traditions that have intersected with and contributed to the study of workers’ experiences under the dictatorship. It considers the multiple origins of New Labor Studies and includes the social history of both rural and urban movements, labor sociology, feminist historiography, and transnational history. It also looks at the multiple debates taking place in Chile and in other parts of the world. Bringing them together offers the opportunity to see the intersections, collaborations, and influences that have made the study of Chilean workers a dynamic field.
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Segovia, Jimena Silva, and Estefany Castillo Ravanal. "Complexities of Socio-Labor Integration in Chile: Migrating Colombian Women’s Experiences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 11643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111643.
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The objective of the article is to understand Afro-Colombian women’s emotional experiences of the migratory process, and their labor insertion in Chilean territory. The Antofagasta region is one of the doors that connects Chile with its neighbors; at the same time, it is a national territory that is linked to important economic and human movements due to its mining activity. In the analysis of the data collected through of group and individual interviews conducted in the city of Antofagasta, we found experiences of xenophobia, labor abuse, discrimination, prejudices, and stereotypes articulated, along with the tendency of Chilean culture to value European traits over native Latin American traits.
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ACHDUT, NETTA, and HAYA STIER. "Welfare-use Accumulation and Chronic Dependency in Israel: The Role of Structural Factors." Journal of Social Policy 49, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000843.
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AbstractContemporary welfare policies in many Western countries limit public assistance for the long-term unemployed and spur rapid movement into the labour market. These policies have substantially changed the trade-offs of employment and welfare-use behaviour, making employment far more attractive than welfare dependency. Despite this new reality, many welfare recipients circulate in and out of the welfare system and the low-wage labour market or become disconnected from both work and welfare. Drawing on longitudinal administrative data of single Israeli mothers who received Income Support Benefit in 2003, this study focuses on the role of structural factors, including local labour market conditions and local availability of subsidised child-care, in explaining the intensity of welfare receipt over a 51-month period. The results indicate notable diversity in welfare-use accumulation. Some mothers were classified as short- to mid-termer recipients while others showed a much more intensive use, and about a third were classified as chronically dependent. Local labour market conditions and their change over time played an important part in explaining welfare accumulation, while local child-care availability had no effect. Implications for policy are discussed.
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Wang, Lei, Yaojia Zheng, Guirong Li, Yanyan Li, Zhenni Fang, Cody Abbey, and Scott Rozelle. "Academic achievement and mental health of left-behind children in rural China." China Agricultural Economic Review 11, no. 4 (October 25, 2019): 569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-09-2018-0194.
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Purpose China’s rapid pace of urbanization has resulted in millions of rural residents migrating from rural areas to urban areas for better job opportunities. Due to economic pressures and the nature of China’s demographic policies, many of these migrants have been forced to leave their children with relatives – typically paternal grandparents – at home in the countryside. Thus, while income for most migrant families has risen, a major unintended consequence of this labor movement has been the emergence of a potentially vulnerable sub-population of left-behind children (LBCs). The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of parental migration on both the academic performance and mental health of LBCs. Design/methodology/approach Longitudinal data were drawn from three waves of a panel survey that followed the same students and their families – including their migration behavior (i.e. whether both parents, one parent, no parent migrated) – between 2015 and 2016. The survey covers more than 33,000 students in one province of central China. The authors apply a student fixed-effects model that controls for both observable and unobservable confounding variables to explicate the causal effects of parental migration on the academic and mental health outcomes for LBC. The authors also employ these methods to test whether these effects differ by the type of migration or by gender of the child. Findings The authors found no overall impact of parental migration on either academic performance or mental health of LBCs, regardless of the type of migration behavior. The authors did find, however, that when the authors examined heterogeneous effects by gender (which was possible due to the large sample size), parental migration resulted in significantly higher anxiety levels for left-behind girls. The results suggest that parental migration affects left-behind boys and girls differently and that policymakers should take a more tailored approach to addressing the problems faced by LBCs. Originality/value The main contributions of this paper come from the large and representative sample, as well as the causal effects analysis of being left-behind on both academic performance and mental health. First, the paper uses comprehensive panel data from a representative and populous province in China, and the sample size is the largest one among LBC-related papers to the authors’ knowledge. Second, the paper separately examines the causal effects on the student outcomes of different migration strategies. Third, the paper analyzes the heterogeneous effects of different migration strategies on LBC gender. The authors believe that the paper makes a key contribution to the literature.
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Diniati, Anisa, Asep Suryana, and Atwar Bajari. "Child Labor's Experience of Communication Behavior." Jurnal Komunikasi 14, no. 2 (December 5, 2022): 322–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jk.v14i2.17790.
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Life as child labor is a compulsion that must be accepted for certain reasons. Some of the reasons why children in the Cibaduyut shoe industry center work as child laborers, including the living environment, which is indeed a home industry area, work that has been passed down from parents to children, to unmet needs from the family so that children have to look for jobs. own money to meet their needs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the experiences of child laborers regarding their communication behavior. The theory that underlies this research is the Phenomenological theory of Viktor Frankl, and the Symbolic Interaction theory of Mead. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenology as the research method. The results showed that the experience of child laborers regarding communication behavior is closely related to communication in shoe repair shops with bosses and employers, adult co-workers and fellow child laborers, peer groups, and family members. The communication of child laborers with the four environments encourages them to create distinctive cultural characteristics in the form of a world of symbols created together. The suffering they face is interpreted differently by child laborers, so that child laborers do not carry out the process of movements to lead to a better life.
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Snell, K. "The Sunday-school movement in England and Wales: child labour, denominational control and working-class culture." Past & Present 164, no. 1 (August 1, 1999): 122–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/164.1.122.
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Roberts, Kenneth M. "(Re)Politicizing Inequalities: Movements, Parties, and Social Citizenship in Chile." Journal of Politics in Latin America 8, no. 3 (December 2016): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1866802x1600800305.
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For 20 years following the 1989–1990 democratic transition, Chilean politics was characterized by stable forms of party-based political representation, relatively low levels of social mobilization, and a technocratic consensus around a neoliberal development model that generated rapid and sustained, albeit highly unequal, patterns of economic growth. This sociopolitical matrix was challenged, however, when hundreds of thousands of students and their supporters took to the streets to protest against educational inequalities, while smaller numbers of protestors mobilized around a plethora of other labor, environmental, and indigenous rights claims. This wave of social protest occurred in a context of growing detachment of Chilean citizens from traditional parties and representative institutions, and it punctured the aura of inevitability and consensus that surrounded the country's economic model. The ground-swell of popular protest signified the end of a posttransition political era in Chile and the dawning of a new one defined by the repoliticization of social and economic inequalities, including vigorous debates about the social pillars of the neoliberal model and the reach of social citizenship rights. The Chilean case sheds new light on the processes by which inequalities come to be politicized or depoliticized in different structural, institutional, and ideational contexts.
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Jurayeva, Mokhinur S. "CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE DEVELOP COGNITIVE PROCESSES AND CRITICAL COGNITION AND DEVELOP EFFECTIVE REFLEXIVE ACTIVITIES." Oriental Journal of Education 02, no. 01 (May 1, 2022): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-oje-02-01-20.
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In ontogenesis, the period from 3 to 7 years is the age period of the kindergarten. Taking into account that there are very rapid qualitative changes in the psychology of preschool children, it is possible to divide the pre-school age into 3 periods (3-4 years), the junior preschool period (4-5 years), the junior kindergarten period (6-7 years), and the senior kindergarten period into 6-7 years. The child in the process of development begins a relationship with the world of subjects and phenomena created by the generation of personality. The child actively mastered and mastered all the achievements that humanity has achieved. Basically, from this period, the independent activity of the child begins to intensify. The education given to children of kindergarten age is a period of mastering their complex movements, formation of elementary hygiene, cultural and labor skills, development of speech and formation of the R with the first bud of social morality and aesthetic taste.
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Koomson, Bernard, and Dawuda Abdulai. "Putting Childhood in Its Place: Rethinking popular discourses on the conceptualisation of child trafficking in Ghana." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 16 (April 29, 2021): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14197/atr.201221163.
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Popular discourses on child trafficking are generally characterised by unverifiable statistics, melodramatic representations, and emotional reactions. More so, notions of poverty, exploitation, and the protection of children from harm have driven educational and sensitisation campaigns that seek to address trafficking in children. The ensuing status quo blurs diverse cultural conceptions of childhood and its moral representations of acceptable and unacceptable labour. Drawing on qualitative data from a Ghanaian fishing community, this paper reviews the impoverished and hazardous representation of children’s transportation to other fishing communities for work. It contends that the prevailing conceptualisation of child trafficking fails to account for the socio-cultural underpinnings of children’s movement to other fishing communities for work. Consequently, this paper argues that it is important to situate popular discourses of child trafficking within fishing community’s conceptualisation of childhood in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon within those communities.
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van Daalen, Edward, and Nicolas Mabillard. "Human rights in translation: Bolivia’s law 548, working children’s movements, and the global child labour regime." International Journal of Human Rights 23, no. 4 (November 9, 2018): 596–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2018.1541890.
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Kiersnowska, Iwona. "Intrauterine fetal demise and late motherhood – a case study." Medical Science Pulse 13, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5496.
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Introduction: Intrauterine fetal death is a potential risk in each stage of pregnancy, regardless of the mother's age. In Poland in 2015, new standards of care were introduced for women with obstetric failure. The objective: This study aimed to analyze intrauterine fetal demise in the context of late motherhood. Materials and methodology: Medical documentation and a semi-structured interview were used. Case study: A 41-year old primipara in 37 weeks of pregnancy, who had not felt fetal movements for 2 days, was diagnosed with intrauterine fetal demise. The pregnancy was uneventful before, but the patient suffered from hypertension and severe obesity. As a result of induced labor, a male neonate weighing 2260 g, 49 cm long, with no signs of vital functions, was born. After the birth, it was established that the child died due to an umbilical cord accident. The mother was given the appropriate time to see the child for the last time. During delivery and hospitalization, the patient’s privacy was ensured, she was isolated from other women in labor and new mothers and was assisted by her family. During the hospital stay, the patient was under the care of the obstetrician, midwife and clinical psychologist. She was discharged from the hospital after 6 days. Conclusions: The loss of a child is one of the most traumatic experiences for a mother, particularly in the case of older mothers. A woman’s fertility declines with age, so getting pregnant again might prove extremely difficult for older women.
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Timmermann, Freddy. "Las macroformas textuales de los Derechos Humanos. Chile, 1973-1980." Literatura y Lingüística, no. 24 (May 18, 2015): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/0717621x.24.100.
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ResumenEl presente artículo analiza la forma en que se proyectan discursivamente los Derechos Humanos en el Régimen Cívico-Militar, entre los años 1973 y 1980. Por medio del Análisis Crítico de Discurso y de proyecciones historiográficas, se vinculan los elementos textuales de sus documentos oficiales más significativos con los diversos contextos de poder por los que se transita en la época en estudio. Conello, se perciben sus coherencias doctrinales y simbólicas, así como el carácter de la“democracia protegida” propuesta y su directa relación con las políticas gremialistas,neoliberales y de la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional con que se opera.Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos, Régimen Cívico-Militar, Declaración de Principios,Democracia Protegida, gremialismo, neoliberalismoThe textual macrostructures of the human rights. Chile,1973-1980AbstractThis article discusses how Human Rights can be interpreted as elements of discourse in the Civil-Military Regime, between 1973 and 1980. Through both Critica lDiscourse Analysis and history-graphical projections, the contextual elements fromthe most significant documents are linked to the diverse empowerment doctrines enforced at that time. In addition, doctrinal and symbolic coherence are perceived,as well as and the character of the ‘protected democracy’ proposed and its direct relationship to neoliberal labor policies, and the National Security Doctrine within which it operates.Keywords: Human Rights, civic-military regime, declaration of principles, protecteddemocracy, labor union, neoliberal movement
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Montgomery, John Warwick. "Slavery, human dignity and human rights." Evangelical Quarterly 79, no. 2 (April 30, 2007): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07902002.
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Slavery continues to be practiced in many parts of the world: not only chattel slavery but also indirect varieties (enforced child labour, prostitution, debt enslavement, etc.). Secular organisations opposed to these practices seek to provide a suitable philosophical counter to those supporting or tolerating the evils. The present paper considers natural law and neo-Kantian arguments and finds them wanting. It then looks at biblical principles and the history of the abolition of the slave trade in England and the emancipation movement in the United States (eighteenth and nineteenth centuries). From this ideological and historical survey, an attempt is made to discover why Enlightenment principles, as exemplified by the French philosophes, Thomas Jefferson, and other Revolutionaries, failed to impact, whilst evangelical Christians (Granville Sharp, John Newton, Wilberforce, et al.) succeeded in their hard-won crusade to outlaw slavery. By way of conclusion, a parallel is drawn with the contemporary right-to-life movement and jurisprudent Ronald Dworkin’s position on abortion.
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Olagbuji, Biodun Nelson, Michael Chudi Ezeanochie, Weyinmi Kubeyinje, Taiwo Dunsin, and Adedapo Babatunde Ande. "Pregnancy outcome following induction of labor with intravaginal misoprostol for decreased fetal movements at term." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 24, no. 10 (April 20, 2011): 1225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2011.572309.
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Araújo, Alane da Silva Clemente, Amanda de Medeiros Correia, Diego Pereira Rodrigues, Laís Montenegro Lima, Sabrina de Santana Gonçalves, and Alana Priscilla da Silva Viana. "Métodos não farmacológicos no parto domiciliar." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 12, no. 4 (April 4, 2018): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v12i4a230120p1091-1096-2018.
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RESUMOObjetivo: discutir acerca dos métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor no parto domiciliar. Método: estudo qualitativo tipo análise reflexiva originado na iniciação científica do curso de graduação em enfermagem, mediante as seguintes etapas: busca nas bases de dados, leitura do material selecionado, movimento da práxis analítica da temática e formulação do material escrito. Resultados: há uma gama de métodos utilizados no ambiente domiciliar para o alívio da dor, como o banho de aspersão/imersão, bola suíça, método “cavalinho”, “banquinho U”, musicoterapia, aromaterapia, massagens, acupressão e deambulação. Desse modo, essas práticas contribuem para inibição de estímulos dolorosos e promovendo o conforto para o processo parturitivo. Conclusão: o parto domiciliar surge com o propósito de trazer de volta a autonomia da mulher sobre seu corpo, protagonismo, resguardando seu direito a um parto respeitoso e essas práticas não farmacológicas permitem a mulher vivenciar o parto de forma humanizada e respeitosa. Descritores: Parto Normal; Trabalho de Parto; Parto Domiciliar; Parto Humanizado; Obstetrícia; Enfermagem Obstétrica.ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss about the non-pharmacological methods for pain relief in the home birth. Method: a qualitative study, reflective analysis, originated in the scientific initiation of the nursing undergraduate course, through the following steps: search in data bases, reading of the selected material, movement of the analytic praxis of the theme and formulation of written material. Results: there is a range of methods used in the home environment for the relief of pain, as the sprinkling/immersion, swiss ball, method “horse”, “U” stool, music therapy, aromatherapy, massage, acupressure and ambulation. In this way, these practices contribute to inhibition of painful stimuli and promote the comfort for the child birth process. Conclusion: the home birth emerges with the purpose of bringing back the autonomy of the woman on her body, protagonism, safeguarding her right to a respectful birth, and these practices would not allow pharmacological women experiencing the birth of humanized and respectful way. Descriptors: Natural Childbirth; Labor, Obstetric; Home Childbirth; Humanizing Birth; Obstetrics; Obstetric Nursing. RESUMEN Objetivo: discutir acerca de los métodos no farmacológicos para el alivio del dolor en el parto en casa. Método: estudio cualitativo, análisis reflexivo, originado en la iniciación científica del curso de pregrado en enfermería, a través de los siguientes pasos: búsqueda en bases de datos, la lectura del material seleccionado, el movimiento de la praxis analítica del tema, y elaboración de material escrito. Resultados: existe una variedad de métodos utilizados en el ambiente del hogar para el alivio del dolor, como la aspersión o inmersión, balón suizo, el método “caballo”, “U” heces, musicoterapia, aromaterapia, masajes, acupuntura y la deambulación. De esta forma, estas prácticas contribuyen a la inhibición de estímulos dolorosos, y la promoción de la comodidad durante el proceso de nacimiento del niño. Conclusión: la casa nacimiento surge con la finalidad de devolver la autonomía de la mujer sobre su cuerpo, el protagonismo, la protección de su derecho a un parto respetuoso y estas prácticas no farmacológicas permiten a las mujeres que sufren el nacimiento humanizado y de manera respetuosa. Descriptores: Parto Normal; Trabajo de Parto; Parto Domiciliario; Parto Humanizado; Enfermería Obstétrica.